Los autores desean agradecer al Dr. Jeffery Weiser de la Universidad de Pennsylvania por su regalo de las cepas clínicas de Streptococcus pneumoniae. Este trabajo fue financiado por los Institutos Canadienses de Investigación en Salud. CV fue financiado por una beca M. G. DeGroote y una beca de la Sociedad Torácica Canadiense. Este trabajo fue financiado por la Asociación de Pulmón de Ontario y los Institutos Canadienses de Investigación en Salud (CIHR). El trabajo en el laboratorio Bowdish es apoyado en parte por el Michael G. DeGroote Centre for Infectious Disease Research y el McMaster Immunology Research Centre.

<ol>
	<li>Bogaert, D., de Groot, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Streptococcus+pneumoniae+colonisation:+the+key+to+pneumococcal+disease.">Streptococcus pneumoniae colonisation: the key to pneumococcal disease.</a> Lancet Infect. Dis. 4, 144-154 (2004).</li><li>Kadioglu, A., Weiser, J. N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+role+of+Streptococcus+pneumoniae+virulence+factors+in+host+respiratory+colonization+and+disease.">The role of Streptococcus pneumoniae virulence factors in host respiratory colonization and disease.</a> Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 6 (4), 288-301 (2008).</li><li>McCool, T. L., Cate, T. R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+immune+response+to+pneumococcal+proteins+during+experimental+human+carriage.">The immune response to pneumococcal proteins during experimental human carriage.</a> J. Exp. Med. 195, 359-365 (2002).</li><li>Nelson, A., Roche, A. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Capsule+enhances+pneumococcal+colonisation+by+limiting+mucus-mediated+clearance.">Capsule enhances pneumococcal colonisation by limiting mucus-mediated clearance.</a> Infect. 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A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Role+of+genetic+resistance+in+invasive+pneumococcal+infection:+identification+and+study+of+susceptibility+and+resistance+in+inbred+mouse+strains.">Role of genetic resistance in invasive pneumococcal infection: identification and study of susceptibility and resistance in inbred mouse strains.</a> Infect. Immun. 69 (1), 426-434 (2001).</li><li>Jeong, D., Jeong, E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Difference+in+resistance+to+Streptococcus+pneumoniae+infection+in+mice.">Difference in resistance to Streptococcus pneumoniae infection in mice.</a> Lab Anim. Res. 27, 91-98 (2011).</li><li>Wu, H. 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J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+role+of+nasopharyngeal+lymphoid+tissue.">The role of nasopharyngeal lymphoid tissue.</a> Trends Immunol. 13, 219-224 (1992).</li><li>Zhang, Q., Leong, S. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Characterisation+of+regulatory+T+cells+in+nasal+associated+lymphoid+tissue+in+children:+relationships+with+pneumococcal+colonization.">Characterisation of regulatory T cells in nasal associated lymphoid tissue in children: relationships with pneumococcal colonization.</a> PLoS Pathog. 7, (2011).</li><li>Briles, D. E., Novak, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Nasal+colonization+with+Streptococcus+pneumoniae+includes+subpopulations+of+surface+and+invasive+pneumococci.">Nasal colonization with Streptococcus pneumoniae includes subpopulations of surface and invasive pneumococci.</a> Infect. Immun. 73, 6945-6951 (2005).</li><li>Weinberger, D. M., Trzcinski, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pneumococcal+capsular+polysaccharide+structure+predicts+serotype+prevalence.">Pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide structure predicts serotype prevalence.</a> PLoS Pathog. 5, (2009).</li><li>Bryant, W. P., J, , et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Which+Pneumococcal+Serogroups+Cause+the+Most+Invasive+Disease:+Implications+for+Conjugate+Vaccine+Formulation+and+Use,+Part+I..">Which Pneumococcal Serogroups Cause the Most Invasive Disease: Implications for Conjugate Vaccine Formulation and Use, Part I..</a> Clin. Infect. Dis. 30, 100-121 (2000).</li><li>Hausdorff, W. P., Feikin, D. R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Epidemiological+differences+among+pneumococcal+serotypes.">Epidemiological differences among pneumococcal serotypes.</a> Lancet Infect. Dis. 5, 83-93 (2005).</li><li>Brueggemann, A., Griffiths, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Clonal+Relationships+between+Invasive+and+Carriage+Streptococcus+pneumoniae+and+Serotype+and+Clone+Specific+Differences+in+Invasive+Disease+Potential.">Clonal Relationships between Invasive and Carriage Streptococcus pneumoniae and Serotype and Clone Specific Differences in Invasive Disease Potential.</a> J. Infect. Dis. 187, 1424-1432 (2003).</li><li>Mohler, J., Azoulay-Dupis, E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Streptococcus+pneumoniae+strain-dependent+lung+inflammatory+responses+in+a+murine+model+of+pneumococcal+pneumonia.">Streptococcus pneumoniae strain-dependent lung inflammatory responses in a murine model of pneumococcal pneumonia.</a> Intensive Care Med. 29, 808-816 (2003).</li><li>Wu, H. Y., Virolainen, A., Mathews, B., King, J., Russell, M. W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Establishment+of+a+Streptococcus+pneumoniae+nasopharyngeal+colonization+model+in+adult+mice.">Establishment of a Streptococcus pneumoniae nasopharyngeal colonization model in adult mice.</a> Microb. Pathog. 23, 127-137 (1997).</li><li>Zhang, Z., Clarke, T. B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cellular+effectors+mediating+Th17-dependent+clearance+of+pneumococcal+colonization+in+mice.">Cellular effectors mediating Th17-dependent clearance of pneumococcal colonization in mice.</a> J. Clin. Invest. 119, 1899-1909 (2009).</li><li>Parker, D., Martin, F. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Streptococcus+pneumoniae+DNA+initiates+type+I+interferon+signaling+in+the+respiratory+tract.">Streptococcus pneumoniae DNA initiates type I interferon signaling in the respiratory tract.</a> MBio. 2, (2011).</li><li>Haya, D. L., Camilli, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Large-scale+identification+of+serotype+4+Streptococcus+pneumoniae+virulence+factors.">Large-scale identification of serotype 4 Streptococcus pneumoniae virulence factors.</a> Mol. Microbiol. 45, 1389-1406 (2002).</li><li>Nakamura, S., Favis, K. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Synergistic+stimulation+of+type+I+interferons+during+influenza+virus+coinfection+promotes+Streptococcus+pneumoniae+colonization+in+mice.">Synergistic stimulation of type I interferons during influenza virus coinfection promotes Streptococcus pneumoniae colonization in mice.</a> J. Clin. Invest. 121, 3657-3665 (2011).</li><li>Kim, J. O., Weiser, J. N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Association+of+intrastrain+phase+variation+in+quantity+of+capsular+polysaccharide+and+teichoic+acid+with+the+virulence+of+Streptococcus+pneumoniae.">Association of intrastrain phase variation in quantity of capsular polysaccharide and teichoic acid with the virulence of Streptococcus pneumoniae.</a> J. Infect. Dis. 177, 368-377 (1998).</li><li>Roche, A. M., King, S. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Live+attenuated+Streptococcus+pneumoniae+strains+induce+serotype-independent+mucosal+and+systemic+protection+in+mice.">Live attenuated Streptococcus pneumoniae strains induce serotype-independent mucosal and systemic protection in mice.</a> Infect. Immun. 75, 2469-2475 (2007).</li><li>Cohen, J. M., Khandavalli, S., Camberlein, E., Hyams, C., Baxendale, H. E., Brown, J. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Protective+contributions+against+invasive+Streptococcus+pneumoniae+pneumonia+of+antibody+and+Th17-Cell+responses+to+nasopharyngeal+colonisation.">Protective contributions against invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia of antibody and Th17-Cell responses to nasopharyngeal colonisation.</a> PLoS One. 6 (10), (2011).</li><li>Cohen, J. M., Khandavalli, S., Camberlein, E., Hyams, C., Baxendale, H. E., Brown, J. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Protective+contributions+against+invasive+Streptococcus+pneumoniae+pneumonia+of+antibody+and+Th17-Cell+responses+to+nasopharyngeal+colonisation.">Protective contributions against invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia of antibody and Th17-Cell responses to nasopharyngeal colonisation.</a> PLoS One. 6 (10), (2011).</li><li>Richards, L., Ferreira, D. M., Miyaji, E. N., Andrew, P. W., Kadioglu, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+immunising+effect+of+pneumococcal+nasopharyngeal+colonisation;+protection+against+future+colonisation+and+fatal+invasive+disease.">The immunising effect of pneumococcal nasopharyngeal colonisation; protection against future colonisation and fatal invasive disease.</a> Immunobiology. , 215-251 (2010).</li><li>Lanie, J. A., Ng, W. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Genome+sequence+of+Avery's+virulent+serotype+2+strain+D39+of+Streptococcus+pneumoniae+and+comparison+with+that+of+unencapsulated+laboratory+strain+R6.">Genome sequence of Avery's virulent serotype 2 strain D39 of Streptococcus pneumoniae and comparison with that of unencapsulated laboratory strain R6.</a> J. Bacteriol. 189, 38-51 (2007).</li><li>Robertson, G. T., Ng, W. L., Foley, J., Gilmour, R., Winkler, M. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Global+transcriptional+analysis+of+clpP+mutations+of+type+2+Streptococcus+pneumoniae+and+their+effects+on+physiology+and.">Global transcriptional analysis of clpP mutations of type 2 Streptococcus pneumoniae and their effects on physiology and.</a> 184, 3508-3520 (2002).</li><li>Orihuela, C. J., Gao, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tissue-specific+contributions+of+pneumococcal+virulence+factors+to+pathogenesis.">Tissue-specific contributions of pneumococcal virulence factors to pathogenesis.</a> J. Infect. Dis. 190, 1661-1669 (2004).</li><li>Orihuela, C. J., Gao, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Organ-specific+models+of+Streptococcus+pneumoniae+disease.">Organ-specific models of Streptococcus pneumoniae disease.</a> Scand. J. Infect. D. 35, 647-652 (2003).</li><li>Swirski, F. K., Nahrendorf, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Identification+of+splenic+reservoir+monocytes+and+their+deployment+to+inflammatory+sites.">Identification of splenic reservoir monocytes and their deployment to inflammatory sites.</a> Science. 325, 612-616 (2009).</li></ol>

Los autores no tienen nada que revelar.

En este estudio se presentaron métodos detallados para la colonización intranasal de ratones utilizando una cepa aislada clínica de Streptococcus pneumoniae y el posterior aislamiento y caracterización de las células inmunes reclutadas a la nasofaringe en respuesta a las bacterias. Demostramos cómo un inóculo bacteriano puede ser cultivado en medios ricos en nutrientes y utilizado para establecer un evento de colonización en ratones, que inicialmente se restringe a la nasofaringe. Luego mostramos cómo l...

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</table>

characterization of inflammatory responses during intranasal colonization with streptococcus pneumoniae

La colonización nasofaríngea por Streptococcus pneumoniae es un requisito previo para la invasión a los pulmones o al torrente sanguíneo1. Este organismo es capaz de colonizar la superficie mucosa de la nasofaringe, donde puede residir, multiplicarse y eventualmente superar las defensas del huésped para invadir a otros tejidos del huésped. El establecimiento de una infección en las vías respiratorias normalmente más bajas da lugar a pulmonía. Alternativamente, las bacterias pueden diseminarse en el torrente sanguíneo causando bacteriemia, que se asocia con altas tasas de mortalidad2,o bien conducir directamente al desarrollo de meningitis neumocócica. La comprensión de la cinética de, y las respuestas inmunes a, colonización nasofaríngea es un aspecto importante de los modelos de la infección de los pneumoniae del S.
Nuestro modelo murino de colonización intranasal está adaptado de los modelos humanos3 y ha sido utilizado por múltiples grupos de investigación en el estudio de las respuestas huésped-patógeno en la nasofaringe4-7. En la primera parte del modelo, utilizamos un aislado clínico de S. pneumoniae para establecer una colonización bacteriana autolimitada que es similar a los eventos de transporte en adultos humanos. El procedimiento detallado aquí implica la preparación de un inóculo bacteriano, seguido por el establecimiento de un evento de colonización con la entrega del inóculo vía una ruta intranasal de la administración. Los macrófagos residentes son el tipo de célula predominante en la nasofaringe durante el estado estacionario. Típicamente, hay pocos linfocitos presentes en ratones no infectados8,sin embargo, la colonización de la mucosa conducirá a una inflamación de bajo a alto grado (dependiendo de la virulencia de la especie bacteriana y la cepa) que resultará en una respuesta inmune y el posterior reclutamiento de células inmunes del huésped. Estas células pueden ser aisladas por un lavado del contenido traqueal a través de las narinas, y correlacionadas con la densidad de las bacterias de colonización para comprender mejor la cinética de la infección.

La figura 1 representa un esquema general que resume los pasos principales del protocolo. Las figuras 2-3 proporcionan una visualización de la metodología microbiológica inherente a los protocolos aquí descritos. La Figura 4 representa el posicionamiento adecuado de un ratón para realizar una colonización intranasal, mientras que la Figura 5 representa típicamente los cambios en el peso de los ratones colonizados con S. pneumoniae cepa P1...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Characterization of Inflammatory Responses During Intranasal Colonization with Streptococcus pneumoniae at JoVE.com

Characterization of Inflammatory Responses During Intranasal Colonization with Streptococcus pneumoniae

La colonización del nasopharynx murine con pneumoniae del estreptococo y la extracción subsecuente de células adherentes o reclutadas se describe. Esta técnica consiste en enjuagar la nasofaringe y la recolección del líquido a través de las narinas y es adaptable para varias lecturas, incluyendo la cuantificación celular diferencial y el análisis de la expresión de ARNm in situ.

Caracterización De Las Respuestas Inflamatorias Durante La Colonización Intranasal Con Streptococcus pneumoniae

Nasopharyngeal colonization by Streptococcus pneumoniae is a prerequisite to invasion to the lungs or bloodstream1. This organism is capable of colonizing ...

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Immunology and Infection

Characterization of Inflammatory Responses During Intranasal Colonization with Streptococcus pneumoniae

12.1K vistas.  McMaster University. La colonización del nasopharynx murine con pneumoniae del estreptococo y la extracción subsecuente de células adherentes o reclutadas se describe. Esta técnica consiste en enjuagar la nasofaringe y la recolección del líquido a través de las narinas y es adaptable para varias lecturas, incluyendo la cuantificación celular diferencial y el análisis de la expresión de ARNm in situ.