This work was funded by the American Association of Plastic Surgeons 2014 Academic Scholar Award.

Tüm operatif prosedürler Johns Hopkins Üniversitesi&#39;nde ve ABD Tarım Bakanlığı ve Halk Sağlığı Servisi gereklerine uygun olarak tamamlanmıştır. Bu protokol Johns Hopkins Üniversitesi Hayvan Bakım ve Kullanım Komitesi izler, kurumsal inceleme kurulu (protokol numarası M013M490) yönergeleri onayladı. Nihai sağkalım verileri aşağıda açıklanan cerrahi prosedürler için kaydedildi. Hem verici hem alıcı hayvanlar 0.1 mg buprenorfin kullanılarak rüçhan anestezisi / kg sc bir saat önce cerrahi ve alıcı hayvan buprenorfinin nakli sonrasında aynı dozda uygulanan yeniden ilk 48 saat içinde gerektiğinde yeniden dozlanır ameliyat sonrası. 1. Donör Allogreft Kurtarma Not: Alıcı anestezi süresini en aza indirmek için erken alıcı nakli daha nakli 40 dakika donör bölümünü başlayın ve eşzamanlı bitiş saati veya biraz kulak kolaylaştırmak içinAlıcı hazırlık karşı lier bitiş zamanı. <ol><li> Prosedür standart steril mikrocerrahi aletleri ve steril eldiven kullanın. Laboratuvarımız mikrocerrahi aletleri otoklav sterilizasyon kullanır. </li><li> % 4 izofluran indüksiyon buharlaştırıcı kullanılarak donör fare (erkek) anestezisi. Kullanımı atravmatik mekanik makası servikal, torasik saç ve karın bölgesini kaldırın. Yatar pozisyonda hayvan yerleştirin ve bir burun konisi ile% 1-2 üzerinde izofluran korumak. Periyodik ayak tutam çekilme refleksi değerlendirerek işlem boyunca yeterli anestezi sağlayın. </li><li> Cilt kesisi öncesinde, yaygın steril pamuklu çubuk kullanarak izopropil alkol ardından antiseptik povidon iyot uygulayarak operatif hazırlar. </li><li> Servikal ve karın derisi boyunca makas ile yüzeysel enine cilt kesisi ile başlayın. Bilateral orta aksiler çizgisinde her iki kesiler bağlayın. </li><li> Mikrocerrahi forseps kullanarak6-0 ipek sütür ve makasla eksternal juguler venler, tespit bağlanır ve bölmek için bilateral servikal bölgeyi incelemek. Sonra kullanarak elektrokoter bilateral internal juguler venler ve karotis arterler maruz sternokleidomastoid kasları bölün. Sol taraflı ve toplu bir şekilde karotis ve internal juguler venler sağ taraflı altında 6-0 ipek sütür geçirin. NOT: Bunlar bağladılar ve Adım 1.9 daha sonra bölünecektir. </li><li> Keskin, servikal bölgede kalan ekleri ücretsiz makas kullanarak, trakea anterior bulunan kayış kasları ve ilişkili gevşek areolar dokuyu, bölün. </li><li> Bipolar elektrokoter ve keskin diseksiyon kullanarak, subklavian damarları ve Arter (6-0 ipek dikiş) ortaya çıkarmak ve proksimale bölmek için pektoralis majör kas ve clavicles bölün. </li><li> Sonra, yavaşça, kavramak ve hayvanın penisi çekme. Penisin sırtında boyunca penisin dorsal ven görselleştirmek ve dezenfekteizopropil alkol ile bölge. 30 G iğne kullanarak, intravenöz dorsal ven yoluyla heparin 30.000 adet enjekte ve penis tekrar eski konumuna geri tepme için izin verir. Çevre dokuya heparin solüsyonu kısmi akabilir. </li><li> Karotis ve internal juguler ven etrafında önceden yerleştirilen dökme bağları kullanarak, bilateral, bağlanır ve yapıları bölün. </li><li> Sonraki kullanım makas enine intraabdominal kesi yapmak için. Infrahepatic inferior vena kava ortaya çıkarmak ve infrahepatic inferior vena kava içine soğuk Euro-Collins kardiyopleji solüsyonuna 2 ml enjekte etmek için bağırsakları eviscerate. Önce aşağıdaki adıma ilerleyen karaciğer renk değişikliği ve kalp atışı durması görselleştirerek uygun enjeksiyon sağlayın. NOT: Euro-Collins çözümü, laboratuvarımızda hazırlanan özel reaktifler ve araçların tabloya bakınız edilir. </li><li> Kullanımı makas ikili diaph üzerinden intratorasik boşluğu erişmekmaruz karından kesi ragmatic. Interkostal kaslar ve kaburga ile sefalad kesi uzatın. Aynı anda göğüs duvarı boyunca internal torasik damarların korunmasını sağlarken kalp, timus ve büyük damarları açığa göğüs duvarı düşünün. </li><li> Soğuk Euro-Collins kardiyopleji solüsyonuna 4 ml suprahepatik inferior vena kava enjekte edilir. </li><li> Aort kökü tespit ve inen aort distal iz. Keskin azalan aorta (maksimal uzunluğu koruyarak) kesti. </li><li> Pulmoner gövde belirlemek ve (maksimal uzunluğu koruyarak) şube noktasına sadece yakın bölün. Sonra soğuk Euro-Collins kardiyopleji solüsyonuna 2 ml kullanılarak, akciğer gövde lümenine bir yumuşak plastik uç kateter yerleştirerek pulmoner gövde ve kalp yıkayın. </li><li> 6-0 ipek sütür, ligate kullanarak ve pulmoner venlerin izdiham inferior vena kava bölmek ve bilateral superior vena kava aksesuar dalları. Sonra yükseltmesineve hava yolunu girmek için özenle ana kök bronşlarda ve trakea boyunca ekleri kalp sefalad teşrih. Keskin ve bipolar elektrokoter kullanılarak göğüs duvarı, timus ve kalp tamamen donör fare onu kurtarmanın incelemek. </li><li> Son olarak, sternum ve yanal costadan boyunca, makas kullanılarak, daha küçük boyuta allogreft göğüs duvarı ex vivo süs özenle internal torasik damarlar (Şekil 1A) bozmak için değil. Revaskülarizasyon aşağıdaki kanamayı en aza indirmek için, osteomusculocutaneous sternum sınırları boyunca bipolar elektrokoterizasyonunun kullanın. </li><li> Alıcı içerlek hazır değilse Euro-Collins solüsyonu soğuk (4 o Celcius) 10 ml allogreft yerleştirin. Alıcı içerlek için hazır olup olmadığını ancak, düz alıcı ameliyat alanına allogreft aktarın. </li></ol> 2. Alıcı Hazırlık Not: Alıcı anestezi süresini en aza indirmek için,Ayrı bir ameliyat istasyonunda önceki donör allogreft hasat tamamlanması yaklaşık 40 dakika alıcı hazırlık başlar. <ol><li> Standart steril mikrocerrahi aletleri ve prosedür için steril eldiven ayrı bir kümesi kullanın. </li><li> % 4 izofluran indüksiyon buharlaştırıcı kullanılarak (erkek veya kadın) alıcı fare anestezisi. Atravmatik mekanik makası kullanarak doğru servikal ve torasik bölgeden saç kaldırmak. </li><li> Yatar pozisyona ve açı sağ üst ekstremite hafifçe inferiora baş ve sağ üst ekstremite arasındaki 110 derecelik açı oluşturarak fare yerleştirin. Bir burun konisi ile% 1-2 izofluran üzerinde anestezi koruyun. </li><li> Bir pamuk uçlu aplikatör kullanarak fare gözleri petrol oftalmik merhem yerleştirin. Cilt kesisi öncesinde yaygın izopropil alkol ardından antiseptik povidon iyot kullanarak ameliyat sitesi hazırlamak. </li><li> Makas kullanarak, sağ alt bor boyunca orta hattan bir cilt kesi yapmakMandibula der ve sağ göğüs bölgesine infero-lateral kesi uzatmak. Mikrovasküler forseps ile künt diseksiyon kullanarak, yumuşak doku ve adventisyanın gelen çevresel serbest geminin dış juguler ven seferber. Elektrokoter kullanarak tüm şubeleri bölün ve allogreft için boş alan keskin diseksiyon ve elektrokoter kullanılarak submandibular bezin sağ lobunu çıkarın. </li><li> Bir manşet üzerine tersine çevrilmesi için eksternal juguler venin yeterli uzunluğa sahip ve 6-0 ipek sütür kullanılarak damar dış şahdamarını Arter. Bir hazır kesilmiş polimid manşet lümen yoluyla damarını yerleştirin ve yerine gemi-kaf kompleksi düzeltmek için bir buldog mikrovasküler kelepçe kullanın. Sonra proksimale evert manşet üzerine, eksternal juguler ven bölmek ve 10-0 naylon sütür ile yerde düzeltmek, makas kullanılarak. (Şekil 1B) </li><li> Karotis arter ortaya çıkarmak için bipolar elektrokoter ile sağ sternokleidomastoid kas bölün. Çevresel mafyaServikal bölgedeki uzak noktaya en sefalad arter ilize. Bu yumuşak doku ve çevresindeki adventisya kaldırmak için forseps ile kabın künt diseksiyon kullanılarak gerçekleştirilir. </li><li> 6-0 ipek sütür, ligate kullanarak ve karotis arter bölün. Bir hazır kesilmiş polimid manşet lümen yoluyla arter geçirin ve mümkün olduğunca göğüs girişine yakın bir bulldog mikrovasküler kelepçe ile yerine sabitleyin. Hafifçe evert manşet üzerine, bir mikrocerrahi dilatörü kullanarak gemiyi dilate, distale gemi bölün ve 10-0 naylon sütür ile yerde sabitleyin. (Şekil 1B) NOT: Belirli bir mikrocerrahi dilatör özel reaktifler ve araçların tabloda açıklanmaktadır. </li></ol> 3. Allogreft Ankastre <ol><li> Bir baş aşağı ve eğik pozisyonda alıcı servikal bölgede allogreft yerleştirmek için standart steril enstrümantasyon ve steril eldiven koruyun. </li><li> Daha sonra, verici inen AOR yerAlıcının arteriyel manşet yapısının üzerinde tik lümen ve 10-0 naylon sütür (Şekil 1C ve 1D) ile yerine onu bunu düzeltin. </li><li> Donör pulmoner arter ve alıcı fare (Şekil 1C ve 1D) everte eksternal juguler ven-kaf yapı arasındaki adım 3.2 ile aynı anastomoz moda. </li><li> İlk venöz mikrovasküler kelepçesini (eksternal juguler ven kelepçe) kaldırmak ve daha sonra arteriyel kelepçesini (karotis arter kelepçesi) bırakın. Arteriyel reperfüzyon sırasında, herhangi bir kanama ele allogreftin bütününü kontrol edin. Kanama görüntülenmiştir ise, kan kaybını en aza indirmek ve bipolar elektrokoter kullanılarak kanama kaynağını azaltmak için arteriyel kelepçesini yeniden uygulayın. </li><li> Greft kontrol edin ve hemostaz sağlamak. Bırakın ve tamamen arter mikrovasküler kelepçesini çıkarın. Kalp boşluklarının hızlı hacim genişlemesi ile anında görülecektir reperfüzyon belirtileri göstermeye kalbi gözlemleyin, ve b bekleyin0.5-1 dakika içinde başlayacak yeme. Kalbi nemlendirmek için ılık tuzlu su (35 ° C) kullanın. </li><li> Anastomozlar üzerinde herhangi bir dolaşması ya da tansiyonu teşvik etmeyecek şekilde anatomik pozisyona göğüs duvarı örtün. 6-0, sürekli naylon dikiş (Şekil 1E) kullanılarak cerrahi yaranın cilt kapatın. </li></ol> 4. Ameliyat Sonrası Bakım <ol><li> Sıvı replasmanı için hemen ameliyat sonrası bir 0.3 ml normal tuzlu su intraperitoneal sıvı bolus yönetin. </li><li> Daha sonra deri altından, sırasıyla, ağrı ve enfeksiyon profilaksisi için buprenorfin (0.1 mg / kg) ve enrofloksasin (5 mg / kg) enjekte edilir. </li><li> Anestezi uyanan kadar bir ısı lambası altında hayvan yerleştirin ve sternum yatma dönün. Kurtarma sırasında, yeterli allogreft perfüzyon sağlanması allogreftin fibrilasyon kalp görselleştirmek için boyun inceleyin. </li><li> Bir kez uyanık ve yatar pozisyonda, diğer farelerin şirket olmadan ayrı bir kafes (fare iade) O yiyecek ve su ad libitum alabilirsiniz nerede. Sağ üst ekstremite geçici minör kısıtlayıcı harekete, kafesin katta bir jelatin gıda kaynağı bırakın. </li><li> Ameliyat sonrası 1 saat alıcı fare gözlemleyin ve daha sonra gıda ve su ad libitum alabilir ve aktivite ve beslenme alımı için ilk 24 saat günde üç kez denetlenir kafes tesisine iade edin. İlk 72 saat için gereken günde iki defa deri altından ağrı ve sıkıntı ve buprenorfin (0.1 mg / kg) ile yeniden dozunun belirtileri için fareler izleyin. Daha sonra günlük hayvanları inceler ve her hafta onları tartın. </li><li> Herhangi fareler ağrı, sıkıntı belirtileri gösterir, ve yem tüketiminde azalma ise bir veteriner personel ile danışın. Erken ötenazi düşünün (protokolde ötanazi tekniği sonra servikal dislokasyon yapılmıştır, 7 dakika boyunca CO2 aşırı doz kullanmaktadır). </li><li> Allogreft kalp atışının durması s olmak için fareyi isteyen belirli bir son nokta olarak tanımlanıracrificed. </li></ol>

The authors do not have any conflicts of interest or financial disclosures to declare.

Dahil allotransplantasyon, immunolojik soruşturma içine faktör ama akut ve kronik rejeksiyon, doğrudan ve dolaylı antijen sunumu, alıcı duyarlılık ya da karışık kimerizmin indüksiyon mekanizmaları bunlarla sınırlı değildir fenomen çok sayıda bulunmaktadır. 19 hayvan modelleri haline gelmiştir transplant immünolojinin çalışma için altın standardı ve fare modelleri halk nedeniyle düşük bağıl veterinerlik ve konut taleplerini azalma maliyet transjenik ve gen knockout farelerde m...

Cardiac transplantation is the treatment of choice for end-stage heart failure. Both technical advancements and pharmacological innovations have propelled the field to early graft acceptance rates above 90%.12,13 Despite this, 60-80% 5-year graft survival is at a standstill and chronic rejection, characterized by transplant vasculopathy, remains inevitable.14-16 Furthermore, patients are subjected to multiple surgical procedures and lifelong immunosuppression, which are associated with chest wall deformities and medical sequelae and toxicities, respectively. The need for innovative approaches to extend allograft survival, minimize the immunosuppressive requirements, and offer reconstructive options for anatomical deformities is pressing.
Vascularized composite allotransplantation offers a unique strategy for improving heart transplant outcomes both from an immunological aspect as well as a reconstructive perspective.17 Vascularized composite allografts are also unique in a way that they have an inherent source of donor-derived hematopoietic stem cells which has shown a favorable ability to reduce immunosuppression and induce and sustain mixed chimerism.1-8 Additionally, co-transplantation of the thymus has shown to prolong survival of both, solid organ transplants and vascularized composite allografts.2,9-11 Combining these strategies with heart transplantation offers a novel solution to the aforementioned challenges facing heart transplantation.18
Murine models serve as excellent platforms for mechanistic in vivo investigation because of the availability of antibodies and well-defined inbred and knockout strains.19-21 Although heart transplantation in mice is commonly studied using a heterotopic intraabdominal microsurgical suture transplant model22-25, a heterotopic, cervical, non-suture cuff technique model has shown to be extremely replicable, reliable, and carries fewer rates of thrombosis.19,26,27 The goal of this study is to develop a heterotopic en bloc osteomyocutaneous chest wall, thymus, and heart transplant technique in mice to study the immunological mechanisms of combined solid organ and vascularized composite allotransplantation using a cervical non-suture cuff technique. This cluster allograft is perfused through the anastomosis of the donor descending aorta to the right common carotid artery and the donor pulmonary artery to the right external jugular vein. Preservation of the internal thoracic vessels and associated thymus branches is paramount to perfusing the chest wall (sternum, ribs, muscles, and skin) and thymus.

<table border="0">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Euro-Collins Solution</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>The solution is not commercially purchased but rather prepared in the laboratory. To make a 500ml solution add the ingredient listed below to a 330ml of double distilled water. Mix well, and then fill in the rest of the 170ml of double distilled water into the solution to a final volume of 500ml. 
			Ingredients: 1.02g KH2PO4, 3.66g K2HPO4, 0.56g KCl, 0.42g NaHCO3, and 17.52g of glucose.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Suture</td>
			<td>Ethilon</td>
			<td>MWI 72667</td>
			<td>6-0 Ethilon</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Suture</td>
			<td>Microsurgery Instruments, Inc.</td>
			<td>10-0 Nylon</td>
			<td>10-0 Nylon</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Polyimide Cuff Vein (21G)</td>
			<td>Vention Medical</td>
			<td>141-0043</td>
			<td>http://www.ventionmedical.com/products-and-services/polyimide-tubing/</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Polyimide Cuff Artery (24G)</td>
			<td>Vention Medical</td>
			<td>141-0027</td>
			<td>http://www.ventionmedical.com/products-and-services/polyimide-tubing/</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Soft plastic tip catheter</td>
			<td>Terumo</td>
			<td>SR*OX2419CA</td>
			<td>24G x 3/4&#34;&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microsurgical dilator</td>
			<td>S&#38;T</td>
			<td>D-5a.1</td>
			<td>Dilator, 11cm, FH, 0.1mm AT10d</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

a novel microsurgical model for heterotopic, en bloc chest wall, thymus, and heart transplantation in mice

Exploration of novel strategies in organ transplantation to prolong allograft survival and minimizing the need for long-term maintenance immunosuppression must be pursued. Employing vascularized bone marrow transplantation and co-transplantation of the thymus have shown promise in this regard in various animal models.1-11 Vascularized bone marrow transplantation allows for the uninterrupted transfer of donor bone marrow cells within the preserved donor microenvironment, and the incorporation of thymus tissue with vascularized bone marrow transplantation has shown to increase T-cell chimerism ultimately playing a supportive role in the induction of immune regulation. The combination of solid organ and vascularized composite allotransplantation can uniquely combine these strategies in the form of a novel transplant model. Murine models serve as an excellent paradigm to explore the mechanisms of acute and chronic rejection, chimerism, and tolerance induction, thus providing the foundation to propagate superior allograft survival strategies for larger animal models and future clinical application. Herein, we developed a novel heterotopic en bloc chest wall, thymus, and heart transplant model in mice using a cervical non-suture cuff technique. The experience in syngeneic and allogeneic transplant settings is described for future broader immunological investigations via an instructional manuscript and video supplement.

Singenik C57BL / 6 nakli uzun süreli yaşam elde etti. Allogreft (Şekil 1) tasarım bir hayvan hayatta kalma perspektifi ve sürekli allogreft hayatta değerlendirmek yeteneği başarılı olduğunu kanıtladı. Bu canlı, aktif devam eden allogreft saç büyümesini kalan örten deri yoluyla gösterilmiştir ve kalp atışları görselleştirme ve parmak palpasyonla değerlendirilecek başardık. Hayatta kalma verileri, ayni atadan gelme nakledilen farelerde, Şekil 2&#39;de gösteri...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Novel Microsurgical Model for Heterotopic, En Bloc Chest Wall, Thymus, and Heart Transplantation in Mice at JoVE.com

A Novel Microsurgical Model for Heterotopic, En Bloc Chest Wall, Thymus, and Heart Transplantation in Mice

To study combined solid organ and vascularized composite allotransplantation, we describe a novel heterotopic en bloc chest wall, thymus, and heart transplant model in mice using a cervical non-suture cuff technique.

Farelerde A Novel Mikrocerrahi Heterotopik Modeli, En Bloku Göğüs Duvarı, Thymus ve Kalp Nakli

Exploration of novel strategies in organ transplantation to prolong allograft survival and minimizing the need for long-term maintenance immunosuppression ...

a-novel-microsurgical-model-for-heterotopic-en-bloc-chest-wall-thymus

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

9.2K Görüntüleme.  Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. To study combined solid organ and vascularized composite allotransplantation, we describe a novel heterotopic en bloc chest wall, thymus, and heart transplant model in mice using a cervical non-suture cuff technique.

Video: A Novel Microsurgical Model for Heterotopic, En Bloc Chest Wall, Thymus, and Heart Transplantation in Mice

A Modified Method for Heterotopic Mouse Heart Transplantion

Mice are often used as heart transplant donors and recipients in studies of transplant immunology due to the wide range of transgenic mice and reagents available. A difficulty is presented due to the small size of the animal and the considerable technical challenges of the microsurgery involved in heart transplantation. In particular, a high rate of technical failure early after transplantation may result from recipient death and post-operative complications such as hind limb paralysis or a non-beating heart. Here, the complete technique for heterotopic mouse heart transplantation is demonstrated, involving harvesting the donor heart and its subsequent implantation into a recipient mouse. The donor heart is harvested immediately following in situ perfusion with cold heparinized saline and transection of the ascending aorta and pulmonary artery. The recipient operation involves preparation of the abdominal aorta and inferior vena cava (IVC), followed by end-to-side anastomosis of the donor aorta with the recipient aorta using a single running 10-0 microsuture and a similar anastomosis of the donor pulmonary artery with the recipient IVC. Following the operation the animal is injected with 0.6 ml normal saline subcutaneously and allowed to recover on a 37&#160;&#176;C heating pad. The results from 227 mouse heart transplants are summarized with a success rate at 48 hr of 86.8%. Of the 13.2% failures within 48 hr, 5 (2.2%) experienced hind limb paralysis, 10 (4.4%) had a non-beating heart due to graft ischemic injury and/or thrombosis, while 15 (6.6%) died within 48 hr.

A technique is demonstrated for the microsurgical procedure for heterotopic transplantation of hearts in mice, including simplified methods for donor harvesting and recipient vessel anastomosis.

Heterotopik Fare Kalp NAKLİ için Modifiye Yöntem

Mice are often used as heart transplant donors and recipients in studies of transplant immunology due to the wide range of transgenic mice and reagents ...

Tıp

Murine Heterotopic Heart Transplant Technique

It is now over forty years since this technique was first reported by Corry, Wynn and Russell. Although it took some years for other labs to become proficient in and utilize this technique, it is now widely used by many laboratories around the world. A significant refinement to the original technique was developed and reported in 2001 by Niimi. Described here are the techniques that have evolved over more than a decade in the hands of three surgeons (Plenter, Grazia, Pietra) in our center. These techniques are now being passed on to a younger generation of surgeons and researchers.
Based largely on the Niimi experience, the procedures used have evolved in the fine details - details which we will endeavor to relate here in such a way that others may be able to use this very useful model. Like Niimi, we have found that a video aid to learning is a priceless resource for the beginner.

The manuscript describes the steps required to perform the heterotopic heart transplant in the mouse.

Mürin Heterotopik Kalp Nakli Tekniği

It is now over forty years since this technique was first reported by Corry, Wynn and Russell. Although it took some years for other labs to become ...

Transplantation of Pulmonary Valve Using a Mouse Model of Heterotopic Heart Transplantation

Tissue engineered heart valves, especially decellularized valves, are starting to gain momentum in clinical use of reconstructive surgery with mixed results. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms of the neotissue development, valve thickening, and stenosis development are not researched extensively. To answer the above questions, we developed a murine heterotopic heart valve transplantation model. A heart valve was harvested from a valve donor mouse and transplanted to a heart donor mouse. The heart with a new valve was transplanted heterotopically to a recipient mouse. The transplanted heart showed its own heartbeat, independent of the recipient&#8217;s heartbeat. The blood flow was quantified using a high frequency ultrasound system with a pulsed wave Doppler. The flow through the implanted pulmonary valve showed forward flow with minimal regurgitation and the peak flow was close to 100 mm/sec. This murine model of heart valve transplantation is highly versatile, so it can be modified and adapted to provide different hemodynamic environments and/or can be used with various transgenic mice to study neotissue development in a tissue engineered heart valve.

In order to understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying neotissue formation and stenosis development in tissue engineered heart valves, a murine model of heterotopic heart valve transplantation was developed. A pulmonary heart valve was transplanted to recipient using the heterotopic heart transplantation technique.

Heterotopik Kalp Nakli bir Fare Modeli Kullanarak Pulmoner Vana Nakli

Tissue engineered heart valves, especially decellularized valves, are starting to gain momentum in clinical use of reconstructive surgery with mixed ...

Rat Heterotopic Abdominal Heart/Single-lung Transplantation in a Volume-loaded Configuration

Herein, we describe a novel technique for heterotopic abdominal heart-lung transplantation (HAHLT) in rats. The configuration of the transplant graft involves anastomosis of donor inferior vena cava (IVC) to recipient IVC, and donor ascending aorta (Ao) to recipient abdominal Ao. The right upper and middle lung lobes are preserved and function as conduits for blood flow from right heart to left heart.
There are several advantages to using this technique, and it lends itself to a broad range of applications. Because the graft is transplanted in a configuration that allows for dyamic volume-loading, cardiac function may be directly assessed in vivo. The use of pressure-volume conductance catheters permits characterization of load-dependent and load-independent hemodynamic parameters. The graft may be converted to a loaded configuration by applying a clamp to the recipient&#8217;s infra-hepatic IVC. We describe modified surgical techniques for both donor and recipient operations, and an ideal myocardial protection strategy. Depending on the experimental aim, this model may be adapted for use in both acute and chronic studies of graft function, immunologic status, and variable ventricular loading conditions. The conducting airways to the transplanted lung are preserved, and allow for acute lung re-ventilation. This facilitates analysis of the effects of the mixed venous and arterial blood providing coronary perfusion to the graft.
A limitation of this model is its technical complexity. There is a significant learning curve for new operators, who should ideally be mentored in the technique. A surgical training background is advantageous for those wishing to apply this model. Despite its complexity, we aim to present the model in a clear and easily applicable format. Because of the physiologic similarity of this model to orthotopic transplantation, and its broad range of study applications, the effort invested in learning the technique is likely to be worthwhile.

We describe a novel technique for heterotopic abdominal heart-lung transplantation (HAHLT) in rats. The transplant configuration results in a partially loaded graft circulation, allowing direct functional assessment. This model may be employed for acute or chronic studies of function and immunologic status of the transplanted graft.

Sıçan Heterotopik Abdominal Kalp / Bir Ses yüklenen Yapılandırması Tek akciğer transplantasyonu

Herein, we describe a novel technique for heterotopic abdominal heart-lung transplantation (HAHLT) in rats. The configuration of the transplant graft ...

Heterotopic Cervical Heart Transplantation in Mice

The heterotopic cervical heart transplantation in mice is a valuable tool in transplant and cardiovascular research. The cuff technique greatly simplifies this model by avoiding challenging suture anastomoses of small vessels thereby reducing warm ischemia time. In comparison to abdominal graft implantation the cervical model is less invasive and the implanted graft is easily accessible for further follow-up examinations. Anastomoses are performed by pulling the ascending aorta of the graft over the cuff with the recipient&#8217;s common carotid artery and by pulling the main pulmonary artery over the cuff with the external jugular vein. Selection of appropriate cuff size and complete mobilization of the vessels are important for successful revascularization. Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury can be minimized by perfusing the graft with a cardioplegic solution and by hypothermia. In this article, we provide technical details for a simplified and improved cuff technique, which should allow surgeons with basic microsurgical skills to perform the procedure with a high success rate.

The cuff technique shortens and facilitates the model of heterotopic cervical heart transplantation in mice by avoiding technically challenging suture anastomoses of small vessels. The technical details shown in this video paper should allow researches to establish this model in their laboratories.

Farelerde Heterotopik Servikal Kalp Nakli

The heterotopic cervical heart transplantation in mice is a valuable tool in transplant and cardiovascular research. The cuff technique greatly simplifies ...

Heterotopic Renal Autotransplantation in a Porcine Model: A Step-by-Step Protocol

Kidney transplantation is the treatment of choice for patients suffering from end-stage renal disease. It offers better life expectancy and higher quality of life when compared to dialysis. Although the last few decades have seen major improvements in patient outcomes following kidney transplantation, the increasing shortage of available organs represents a severe problem worldwide. To expand the donor pool, marginal kidney grafts recovered from extended criteria donors (ECD) or donated after circulatory death (DCD) are now accepted for transplantation. To further improve the postoperative outcome of these marginal grafts, research must focus on new therapeutic approaches such as alternative preservation techniques, immunomodulation, gene transfer, and stem cell administration.
Experimental studies in animal models are the final step before newly developed techniques can be translated into clinical practice. Porcine kidney transplantation is an excellent model of human transplantation and allows investigation of novel approaches. The major advantage of the porcine model is its anatomical and physiological similarity to the human body, which facilitates the rapid translation of new findings to clinical trials. This article offers a surgical step-by-step protocol for an autotransplantation model and highlights key factors to ensure experimental success. Adequate pre- and postoperative housing, attentive anesthesia, and consistent surgical techniques result in favorable postoperative outcomes. Resection of the contralateral native kidney provides the opportunity to assess post-transplant graft function. The placement of venous and urinary catheters and the use of metabolic cages allow further detailed evaluation. For long-term follow-up studies and investigation of alternative graft preservation techniques, autotransplantation models are superior to allotransplantation models, as they avoid the confounding bias posed by rejection and immunosuppressive medication.

Porcine models of organ transplantation provide an important platform to study mechanisms of organ preservation. This article describes a heterotopic porcine renal autotransplantation model, which allows investigating new approaches to improve the outcome of transplantation using marginal kidney grafts.

Bir Domuz Modeli heterotopik Böbrek Ototransplantasyon: Bir Adım-Adım Protokolü

Kidney transplantation is the treatment of choice for patients suffering from end-stage renal disease. It offers better life expectancy and higher quality ...

Cardiopulmonary Bypass in a Mouse Model: A Novel Approach

As prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass becomes more essential during cardiac interventions, an increasing clinical demand arises for procedure optimization and for minimizing organ damage resulting from prolonged extracorporal circulation. The goal of this paper was to demonstrate a fully functional and clinically relevant model of cardiopulmonary bypass in a mouse. We report on the device design, perfusion circuit optimization, and microsurgical techniques. This model is an acute model, which is not compatible with survival due to the need for multiple blood drawings. Because of the range of tools available for mice (e.g., markers, knockouts, etc.), this model will facilitate investigation into the molecular mechanisms of organ damage and the effect of cardiopulmonary bypass in relation to other comorbidities.

This paper describes how to perform cardiopulmonary bypass in mice. This novel model will facilitate the investigation of the molecular mechanisms involved in organ damage.

Kardiyopulmoner baypas gerektirmeyen bir fare modeli: yeni bir yaklaşım

As prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass becomes more essential during cardiac interventions, an increasing clinical demand arises for procedure optimization ...

A Pre-Clinical Porcine Model of Orthotopic Heart Transplantation

Fifty-years following the first successful report, cardiac transplantation remains the gold-standard treatment for eligible patients with advanced heart failure. Multiple small-animal models of heart transplantation have been used to study the acute and long-term effects of novel therapies. However, few are tested and demonstrated success in clinical trials. It is of critical importance to evaluate new therapies in a clinically relevant large-animal model for efficient and reliable translation of basic studies&#39;&#160;findings. Here, we describe a pre-clinical large-animal (porcine) model of orthotopic heart transplantation that has been firmly established and previously used to investigate novel cardioprotective strategies. This procedure focuses on acute ischemia-reperfusion injury and is a reliable method to investigate novel interventions which have been tested and validated in smaller experimental models, such as the murine model. We demonstrate its usefulness in assessing cardiac performance during the early post-transplantation period and other potential possibilities enabled by the model.

Here, we describe a pre-clinical large-animal (porcine) model of orthotopic heart transplantation that has been firmly established and utilized to investigate novel cardioprotective strategies.

Ortootopik kalp transplantasyonunun klinik öncesi porcine modeli

Fifty-years following the first successful report, cardiac transplantation remains the gold-standard treatment for eligible patients with advanced heart ...

A Simplified Model for Heterotopic Heart Valve Transplantation in Rodents

There is an urgent clinical need for heart valve replacements that can grow in children. Heart valve transplantation is proposed as a new type of transplant with the potential to deliver durable heart valves capable of somatic growth with no requirement for anticoagulation. However, the immunobiology of heart valve transplants remains unexplored, highlighting the need for animal models to study this new type of transplant. Previous rat models for heterotopic aortic valve transplantation into the abdominal aorta have been described, though they are technically challenging and costly. For addressing this challenge, a renal subcapsular transplant model was developed in rodents as a practical and more straightforward method for studying heart valve transplant immunobiology. In this model, a single aortic valve leaflet is harvested and inserted into the renal subcapsular space. The kidney is easily accessible, and the transplanted tissue is securely contained in a subcapsular space that is well vascularized and can accommodate a variety of tissue sizes. Furthermore, because a single rat can provide three donor aortic leaflets and a single kidney can provide multiple sites for transplanted tissue, fewer rats are required for a given study. Here, the transplantation technique is described, providing a significant step forward in studying the transplant immunology of heart valve transplantation.

This protocol describes a simple and efficient method for the transplantation of aortic valve leaflets under the renal capsule to allow for the study of alloreactivity of heart valves.

Kemirgenlerde Heterotopik Kalp Kapağı Transplantasyonu için Basitleştirilmiş Bir Model

There is an urgent clinical need for heart valve replacements that can grow in children. Heart valve transplantation is proposed as a new type of ...

A Porcine Heterotopic Heart Transplantation Protocol for Delivery of Therapeutics to a Cardiac Allograft

Cardiac transplantation is the gold standard treatment for end-stage heart failure. However, it remains limited by the number of available donor hearts and complications such as primary graft dysfunction and graft rejection. The recent clinical use of an ex vivo perfusion device in cardiac transplantation introduces a unique opportunity for treating cardiac allografts with therapeutic interventions to improve function and avoid deleterious recipient responses. Establishing a translational, large-animal model for therapeutic delivery to the entire allograft is essential for testing novel therapeutic approaches in cardiac transplantation. The porcine, heterotopic heart transplantation model in the intraabdominal position serves as an excellent model for assessing the effects of novel interventions and the immunopathology of graft rejection. This model additionally offers long-term survival for the pig, given that the graft is not required to maintain the recipient's circulation. The aim of this protocol is to provide a reproducible and robust approach for achieving ex vivo delivery of a therapeutic to the entire cardiac allograft prior to transplantation and provide technical details to perform a survival heterotopic transplant of the ex vivo perfused heart.

We present a protocol for utilizing a normothermic ex vivo sanguinous perfusion system for the delivery of therapeutics to an entire cardiac allograft in a porcine heterotopic heart transplant model.

Terapötiklerin Kardiyak Allogrefte Verilmesi için Domuz Heterotopik Kalp Transplantasyonu Protokolü

Cardiac transplantation is the gold standard treatment for end-stage heart failure. However, it remains limited by the number of available donor hearts ...