Yazarlar ve bu çalışma NIH / NCI hibe # (SBE kadar) R01CA172138 tarafından desteklendi.

Hayvan denekleri Prosedürleri Tel-Aviv Üniversitesi Kurumsal Hayvan Bakım ve Kullanım Komitesi (IACUC) tarafından onaylanmıştır. 1. Sıçan Protokolü <ol><li> hazırlıklar <ol><li> 2 kelebek 21 G iğne düzenleyin. İsteğe bağlı olarak, iğnenin keskin kenar dosyalama 2 künt kenarlı kelebek 21 G iğne hazırlamak. </li><li> yerçekimi (kuru) ayarında en az 30 dakika süreyle 121 ° C&#39;de otoklav ile sterilize makas 2 çift, körelmiş kenarlı forseps, hemostat, diş doku forseps: cerrahi aletler sterilize edin. </li><li> fosfat tamponlu tuzlu su (1 x PBS), çözeltinin ml&#39;si başına heparin 30 adet ekleyerek heparinize PBS (30 birim / ml) hazırlayın. Oda sıcaklığında kullanın. 35 ml hayvan başına ihtiyaç duyulan minimum hacimdir. </li><li> Hava kabarcıklarını önlemek için peristaltik pompa hatları ve kelebek iğne içine heparinize PBS akışı. </li></ol></li><li> MP-lökosit Akciğerler ve Toplama perfüzyon <ol><li> % 8 izofluran aşırı dozda ile hayvan Euthanize. izleme solunum durması ile ötenazi onaylayın. </li><li> Solunumun durması üzerine, derhal steril makas ve diş doku forseps kullanılarak periton ve göğüs boşlukları açın. kılıç şeklinde sürecine karın kadar birlikte orta hat karın kesisi gerçekleştirin. </li><li> herhangi bir iç organ ya da büyük kan damarları delmeden, dikkatli her iki tarafta göğüs kafesini kesme, forseps kullanarak sternum kaldırın. sternum üzerinde bir hemostat kelepçe ve rostrally kardiyopulmoner kompleksi ortaya çıkarmak için göğüs kafesi katlayın. </li><li> kalbin sağ ventrikül içine, bir kelebek iğne yerleştirin ve yaklaşık bir dakika içinde (~ 250 g hayvan 6 ml) bir şırınga içine kan maksimal hacim toplar. </li><li> Karaciğer (Tartışma) geriye doğru perfüzyon önlemek için hemostatla vena kava Kelepçe. </li><li> p çıkış borusu ile kan içeren şırınga değiştirirken sağ ventrikül içinde kelebek iğne tutuneristaltic pompa. </li><li> interventriküler septum nüfuz kaçınarak sol ventrikül içine, bir 5 mi hasat şırıngaya bağlanan ikinci bir kelebek iğne yerleştirin. </li><li> yaklaşık olarak 5 mL / dakikalık bir hızda bir peristaltik pompa açın ve yavaşça şırıngaya kan ile kirlenmiş olan perfüzat ilk mililitre toplar. perfüzat kırmızı renk soluk karanlıktan açılana kadar devam edin. (Kan bulaşmış perfuste atın). </li><li> peristaltik pompa kesilmesi olmadan, hızlı bir şekilde 20 mi hasat şırınga ile 5 mi hasat şırınga yerine ve perfüzyon daha yüksek bir hızda (kadar 7 ml / dakika) kullanılarak, akciğer perfüzat 20 ml toplar. Vakum oluşumunu kaçınarak sürekli toplama enjektöre perfüzyon akışını izlemek. </li><li> peristaltik pompa akışını kesmeye. </li></ol></li><li> lökositler Ekstraksiyon <ol><li> 400 x g&#39;de 10 dakika boyunca santrifüj perfüzat. </li><li> sıvıyı aspire. </li><li>10 dakika boyunca 400 x g&#39;de 10 ml PBS veya orta, santrifüj ekleyin ve sıvıyı aspire. İki kez bu adımı yineleyin. PBS veya ortam kullanılması numunesinin sonucu kullanımına bağlıdır. </li><li> 10 dakika boyunca 400 x g&#39;de 20 ml PBS veya orta, santrifüj ekleyin ve sıvıyı aspire. </li><li> Örnek kullanım (FACS PCR, vb) göre istenen konsantrasyona hücreleri sulandırın. </li></ol></li></ol> 2. Fare Protokolü <ol><li> hazırlıklar <ol><li> 2 kelebek 25 G iğne düzenleyin. İsteğe bağlı olarak, iğnenin keskin kenar dosyalama 2 künt kenarlı kelebek 25 G iğne hazırlamak. </li><li> yerçekimi (kuru) ayarında en az 30 dakika süreyle 121 ° C&#39;de otoklav ile sterilize makas 2 çift, körelmiş kenarlı forseps, hemostat, diş doku forseps: cerrahi aletler sterilize edin. </li><li> 1x PBS çözeltisi ml&#39;si başına heparin 30 adet ekleyerek heparinize PBS (30 birim / ml) hazırlayın. Oda sıcaklığında kullanın. 25 ml hayvan başına ihtiyaç duyulan minimum hacimdir. </li><li> streHava kabarcıklarını önlemek için peristaltik pompa hatları ve kelebek iğne içine PBS heparinize ediyorum. </li></ol></li><li> MP-lökosit Akciğerler ve Toplama perfüzyon <ol><li> % 8 izofluran aşırı dozda ile hayvan Euthanize. izleme solunum durması ile ötenazi onaylayın. </li><li> Solunumun durması üzerine, derhal steril makas ve diş doku forseps kullanılarak periton ve göğüs boşlukları açın. kılıç şeklinde sürecine karın kadar birlikte orta hat karın kesisi gerçekleştirin. </li><li> herhangi bir iç organ ya da büyük kan damarları delmeden, dikkatli her iki tarafta göğüs kafesini kesme, forseps kullanarak sternum kaldırın. sternum üzerinde bir hemostat kelepçe ve rostrally kardiyopulmoner kompleksi ortaya çıkarmak için göğüs kafesi katlayın. </li><li> Karaciğer (Tartışma) geriye doğru perfüzyon önlemek için hemostatla vena kava Kelepçe. </li><li> Sağ ven içine peristaltik pompa çıkış borusuna bağlı bir kelebek iğne yerleştirinKalbin tricle ve kalp, septum ve avoidingpenetration sol ventrikül içine, bir 2 mi hasat şırıngaya bağlanan ikinci bir kelebek iğne. </li><li> yaklaşık 2 ml / dk hızına pompa açın ve perfüzyon (kan bulaşmış perfuste atın) kırmızı soluk karanlıktan dönene kadar hasat şırıngaya kan kirlenmiş perfüzat ilk mililitre toplamak. </li><li> peristaltik pompa kesilmesi olmadan, hızlı bir şekilde 10 mi hasat şırınga ile 2 mi hasat şırınga yerine ve perfüzyon daha yüksek bir hızda (en fazla 4 ml / dakika) kullanılarak, akciğer perfüzat 10 ml toplar. Vakum oluşumunu kaçınarak sürekli toplama enjektöre perfüzyon akışını izlemek. </li><li> peristaltik pompa akışını kesmeye. </li></ol></li><li> lökositler Ekstraksiyon <ol><li> 400 x g&#39;de 10 dakika boyunca santrifüj perfüzat. </li><li> sıvıyı aspire. </li><li> 400 10 ml PBS veya orta, santrifüj ekle10 dakika xg ve sıvıyı aspire. Bu adımı üç kez tekrarlayın. PBS veya ortam kullanılması numunesinin sonucu kullanımına bağlıdır. </li><li> 10 dakika boyunca 400 x g&#39;de 10 ml PBS veya orta, santrifüj ekleyin ve sıvıyı aspire. </li><li> Örnek kullanım (FACS PCR, vb) göre istenen konsantrasyona hücreleri sulandırın. </li></ol></li></ol>

<ol>
	<li>Kuebler, W. M., Goetz, A. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+marginated+pool.">The marginated pool.</a> Eur Surg Res. 34, 92-100 (2002).</li><li>Benish, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+marginating-pulmonary+immune+compartment+in+mice+exhibits+increased+NK+cytotoxicity+and+unique+cellular+characteristics.">The marginating-pulmonary immune compartment in mice exhibits increased NK cytotoxicity and unique cellular characteristics.</a> Immunol Res. 58, 28-39 (2014).</li><li>Melamed, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+marginating-pulmonary+immune+compartment+in+rats:+characteristics+of+continuous+inflammation+and+activated+NK+cells.">The marginating-pulmonary immune compartment in rats: characteristics of continuous inflammation and activated NK cells.</a> J Immunother. 33, 16-29 (2010).</li><li>Shakhar, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Amelioration+of+operation-induced+suppression+of+marginating+pulmonary+NK+activity+using+poly+IC:+a+potential+approach+to+reduce+postoperative+metastasis.">Amelioration of operation-induced suppression of marginating pulmonary NK activity using poly IC: a potential approach to reduce postoperative metastasis.</a> Ann Surg Oncol. 14, 841-852 (2007).</li><li>Smyth, M. J., Godfrey, D. I., Trapani, J. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+fresh+look+at+tumor+immunosurveillance+and+immunotherapy.">A fresh look at tumor immunosurveillance and immunotherapy.</a> Nat Immunol. 2, 293-299 (2001).</li><li>Talmadge, J. E., Meyers, K. M., Prieur, D. J., Starkey, J. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Role+of+NK+cells+in+tumour+growth+and+metastasis+in+beige+mice.">Role of NK cells in tumour growth and metastasis in beige mice.</a> Nature. 284, 622-624 (1980).</li><li>Grimm, E. A., Mazumder, A., Zhang, H. Z., Rosenberg, S. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Lymphokine-activated+killer+cell+phenomenon.+Lysis+of+natural+killer-resistant+fresh+solid+tumor+cells+by+interleukin+2-activated+autologous+human+peripheral+blood+lymphocytes.">Lymphokine-activated killer cell phenomenon. Lysis of natural killer-resistant fresh solid tumor cells by interleukin 2-activated autologous human peripheral blood lymphocytes.</a> J Exp Med. 155, 1823-1841 (1982).</li><li>Melamed, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Marginating+pulmonary-NK+activity+and+resistance+to+experimental+tumor+metastasis:+suppression+by+surgery+and+the+prophylactic+use+of+a+beta-adrenergic+antagonist+and+a+prostaglandin+synthesis+inhibitor.">Marginating pulmonary-NK activity and resistance to experimental tumor metastasis: suppression by surgery and the prophylactic use of a beta-adrenergic antagonist and a prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor.</a> Brain Behav Immun. 19, 114-126 (2005).</li><li>O'Dea, K. P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Lung-marginated+monocytes+modulate+pulmonary+microvascular+injury+during+early+endotoxemia.">Lung-marginated monocytes modulate pulmonary microvascular injury during early endotoxemia.</a> Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 172, 1119-1127 (2005).</li><li>Sorski, L., Melamed, R., Ben-Eliyahu, <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+unique+role+for+marginating-pulmonary+and+marginating-hepatic+NK+cells+in+cancer+anti-metastatic+surveillance+and+in+immunotherapy.">A unique role for marginating-pulmonary and marginating-hepatic NK cells in cancer anti-metastatic surveillance and in immunotherapy.</a> , (2014).</li><li>Levi, B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Continuous+stress+disrupts+immunostimulatory+effects+of+IL-12).">Continuous stress disrupts immunostimulatory effects of IL-12).</a> Brain Behav Immun. 25, 727-735 (2011).</li></ol>

Yazarlar ifşa hiçbir şey yok.

Burada sunulan yöntem seçici hasat sağlayan ve MP-lökositlerin eşsiz nüfusun eğitim. Döner ya da dalak lökositleri karşılaştırıldığında, MP popülasyonu bir lökosit alt gruplarının farklı bileşim, yüksek aktivasyon düzeyleri, muhtelif sitokinlerin yüksek bırakma ve yanlısı ve anti-enflamatuar sitokinlerin 2,3 daha yüksek mRNA seviyeleri ile karakterize edilir. Özellikle, MP-NK hücreleri, çeşitli hedef hücrelere 3,4 karşı dolaşım NK hücreleri daha sitotoksiktir...

Akciğer kılcal (örneğin, marginating pulmoner (MP) lökositler) 1 diğer bağışıklık bölümlerinde (örneğin, kan dolaşımı, karaciğer, dalak, kemik iliği) gelen lökositlere kıyasla belirgin lökosit bileşim ve özel aktivitesi sergiledikleri gösterilmiştir ve 2- yapışan lökositlerin 4. Örneğin, dolaşım ve dalak NK hücreleri, hem de ayırt mesajcı RNA (mRNA) seviyeleri ve pro- ve anti-enflamatuar sitokinlerin artan salgılanmasında karşılaştırıldığında çeşitli tümör hücrelerine karşı MP-lökosit sergi yüksek doğal katil (NK) hücreler sitotoksisite. MP-lökosit dolaşan lökositlerin (% 50 vs sırasıyla% 30,) ile karşılaştırıldığında doğal / adaptif bağışıklığın daha yüksek bir oranına sahip olarak hücrelerin kompozisyonu da dolaşan lökositlerin ayırt edilir. Burada sunulan yöntemin amacı, MP-lökositlerin selektif hasat sağlamak, bu önemli ve eşsiz bağışıklık bölmesi (hücre popülasyonu) incelemek için, ve eluc için iseBu özel hücreler üzerinde çeşitli manipülasyonlar (örneğin, bağışıklık aktivasyon) etkisini idate. Bu eşsiz nüfusun önemini anlamak için, bağışıklık sisteminin hücre-aracılı bağışıklık (CMI) in vivo fonksiyonları ile tümör hücrelerini, mikrometastazlar ve rezidüel hastalığın dolaşan kontrol edebilirsiniz dikkat etmek önemlidir. Bu yetenek primer tümörü kontrol etmek için bağışıklık sisteminin emsal etmemesine rağmen belirgindir ve kanser hastaları ve hayvan modellerinde 5 in vivo kanıt yeterli destekleniyor. Önemli bir şekilde, bu bulgular, 6,7 (sitotoksisite deneyleri ile ölçülen) çoğu zaman, in vitro ve en otolog tümör hücreleri, insan ve hayvanların kan örneklerinde lökosit dolaşımı sitotoksisite dirençli olduğunu rapor ex vivo çalışmalar, tutarsız. Bu çelişki gibi afore gibi farklı lökosit popülasyonlarının, in vivo varlığı bağlanabilirbahsedilen MP lökosit popülasyonu ve aktive NK hücreleri 3 özel olarak alt popülasyonu. Gerçekten de, dolaşımdaki lökositlerin ve dalak dirençli olduğu bulunmuştur sinjenik tümör hücreleri (MADB106), MP-NK hücrelerinin 3,8 ile lize edilmesi gösterilmiştir. Bu nedenle, fischer344 (F344) farelerin akciğerlerinde metastaz sözde &quot;NK dayanıklı &#39;MADB106 hücreler değil, döner ya da genel olarak erişim kolaylığı verilen incelenen olan dalak NK hücreleri, MP-NK hücreleri tarafından kontrol edilir. Saflaştırılmış ve aktif MP-lökosit akciğer doku taşlama veya biyolojik bozulma 9 dayalı akciğerler, lökositlerin standart hasat yöntemleri ile erişilemez. Bizim yaklaşımımız doku işleme yaklaşımları ile karşılaştırıldığında iki önemli avantaja sahiptir. İlk olarak, perfüzyon yaklaşımı seçici diğer akciğer parankim, geçiş reklamı kaynaklanan hücreler ve bronş-alveol karş onları ayıran, MP-lökositleri hasadındepartmanlarında. İkincisi, daha iyi perfüzyon tekniği öğütme ve biyolojik işleme aksine bütünlük ve MP-lökositlerin fizyolojik ortam, korur hasar hücreleri, kendi morfolojisi değiştirebilir ve üretim ve bağışıklık aktivitesini modüle ve özellikle NK bastıran çeşitli faktörlerin salınımını neden olduğunu yaklaşımlar sitotoksisite 10. Akciğerler kanser metastazı ve çeşitli bulaşıcı hastalıklar için önemli bir hedef organ vardır. Tüm dolaşan habis hücreleri ve enfekte olmuş hücrelerin deforme ve kapiller endotel hücreleri ve ikamet lökositlerin ile etkileşim için gereken akciğer kılcal damarlar yoluyla geçer. Bu koşullar altında, dolaşımdaki hücreleri kolayca yerleşik MP-lökositler tarafından hedeflenebilir. Bu nedenle bu bağışıklık bölmeye aktive lökositler var biyolojik avantajlı görünüyor ve farklı biyolojik, deneysel ve klinik ortamlarda bu eşsiz MP-nüfus incelemek için önemlidir. O sy dikkat layıkÇeşitli biyolojik cevap-değiştiricilerle stemic immün aktivasyonu (örneğin, poli-inozinik-polisitidilik asit (poli I: C) ya da tip-Cı CpG oligodeoksinükleotitler (CpG-Cı ODN)), dolaşımdaki lökositlerin 3 den MP-lökositler fazla aktif olduğu gösterilmiştir 8,11.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="640">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Autoclud Peristaltic pump</td>
			<td style="width:103px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Butterfly needle</td>
			<td style="width:103px;">OMG</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>26G</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Butterfly needle</td>
			<td style="width:103px;">OMG</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>21G*3/4&#34;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Syringe</td>
			<td style="width:103px;">Pic solution</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>1 ml</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Syringe</td>
			<td style="width:103px;">Pic solution</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>2.5 ml</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Syringe</td>
			<td style="width:103px;">Pic solution</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>5 ml</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Syringe</td>
			<td style="width:103px;">Pic solution</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>10 ml</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Syringe</td>
			<td style="width:103px;">Pic solution</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>25 ml</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Blunted-edged forceps</td>
			<td style="width:103px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Scissors</td>
			<td style="width:103px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">hemostat</td>
			<td style="width:103px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Tissue forceps</td>
			<td style="width:103px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:251px;">Heparin sodium porcine mucosa (perservative free)</td>
			<td style="width:103px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

selective harvesting of marginating-pulmonary leukocytes

Marginating-pulmonary (MP) leukocytes are leukocytes that adhere to the inner endothelium of the lung capillaries. MP-leukocytes were shown to exhibit unique composition and characteristics compared to leukocytes of other immune compartments. Evidence suggests higher cytotoxicity of natural killer cells, and a distinct pro- and anti-inflammatory profile of the MP-leukocyte population compared to circulating or splenic immunocytes. The method presented herein enables selective harvesting of MP-leukocytes by forced perfusion of the lungs in either mice or rats. In contrast to other methods used to extract lung-leukocytes, such as tissue grinding and biological degradation, this method exclusively yields leukocytes from the lung capillaries, uncontaminated with parenchymal, interstitial, and broncho-alveolar cells. In addition, the perfusion technique better preserves the integrity and the physiological milieu of MP-leukocytes, without inducing physiological responses due to tissue processing. This unique MP leukocyte population is strategically located to identify and react towards abnormal circulating cells, as all circulating malignant cells and infected cells are detained while passing through the lung capillaries, physically interacting with endothelial cells and resident leukocytes,. Thus, selective harvesting of MP-leukocytes and their study under various conditions may advance our understanding of their biological and clinical significance, specifically with respect to controlling circulating aberrant cells and lung-related diseases.

MP-bölmesi sergi, farklı bir lökosit alt kümesi kompozisyon lökosit dolaşan karşılaştırıldı. flow sitometri analizi kullanarak, lökosit subpopülasyonunun tespit ve hem dolaşan ve MP lökositlerin kompozisyonu karakterize etmek için ölçüldü. Granülosit ve lenfositler ileri ve yan scatter göre tespit edilmiştir. Lenfositler içinde NKRP-1 parlak hücrelerin NK hücreleri, monositler gibi T hücreleri gibi, CD3 +, H1 + ve CD...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Selective Harvesting of Marginating-pulmonary Leukocytes at JoVE.com

Selective Harvesting of Marginating-pulmonary Leukocytes

Marginating pulmoner lökosit seçici Hasat

Marginating-pulmonary leukocytes exhibit unique characteristics and distinct immunological functions compared to other leukocyte populations. Here we describe selective harvesting of this subpopulation of pulmonary leukocytes, by forced perfusion of the lungs in rats and mice. Marginating-pulmonary leukocytes seem critical in determining susceptibility to blood-borne and lung-related diseases.

Marginating-pulmonary (MP) leukocytes are leukocytes that adhere to the inner endothelium of the lung capillaries. MP-leukocytes were shown to exhibit ...

selective-harvesting-of-marginating-pulmonary-leukocytes

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

5.8K Görüntüleme.  Tel-Aviv University. Marginating-pulmonary leukocytes exhibit unique characteristics and distinct immunological functions compared to other leukocyte populations. Here we describe selective harvesting of this subpopulation of pulmonary leukocytes, by forced perfusion of the lungs in rats and mice. Marginating-pulmonary leukocytes seem critical in determining susceptibility to blood-borne and lung-related diseases.

Video: Selective Harvesting of Marginating-pulmonary Leukocytes

Isolation of Brain-infiltrating Leukocytes

We describe a method for preparing brain infiltrating leukocytes (BILs) from mice. We demonstrate how to infect mice with Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) via a rapid intracranial injection technique and how to purify a leukocyte-enriched population of infiltrating cells from whole brain. Briefly, mice are anesthetized with isoflurane in a closed chamber and are free-hand injected with a Hamilton syringe into the frontal cortex. Mice are then killed at various times after infection by isoflurane overdose and whole brains are extracted and homogenized in RPMI with a Tenbroeck tissue grinder. Brain homogenates are centrifuged through a continuous 30% Percoll gradient to remove the myelin and other cell debris. The cell suspension is then strained at 40 &mu;m, washed and centrifuged on a discontinuous Ficoll-Paque Plus gradient to select and purify the leukocytes. The leukocytes are then washed and resuspended in appropriate buffers for immunophenotyping by flow cytometry. Flow cytometry reveals a population of innate immune cells at the early stages of infection in C57BL/6 mice. At 24 hours post infection, multiple subsets of immune cells are present in the BILs, with an enriched population of Gr1+, CD11b+ and F4/80+cells. Therefore, this method is useful in characterizing the immune response to acute infection in the brain.

A rapid method to obtain infiltrating leukocytes from the murine brain is described. This method utilizes a continuous Percoll gradient and discontinuous Ficoll gradient to select and purify the leukocyte-enriched layer. Isolated leukocytes may then be characterized by flow cytometric measurements.

Beyin-infiltre lökositler izolasyonu

We describe a method for preparing brain infiltrating leukocytes (BILs) from mice. We demonstrate how to infect mice with Theiler's murine ...

İmmünoloji ve Enfeksiyon

Isolation and Analysis of Brain-sequestered Leukocytes from Plasmodium berghei ANKA-infected Mice

We describe a method for isolation and characterization of adherent inflammatory cells from brain blood vessels of P. berghei ANKA-infected mice. Infection of susceptible mouse-strains with this parasite strain results in the induction of experimental cerebral malaria, a neurologic syndrome that recapitulates certain important aspects of Plasmodium falciparum-mediated severe malaria in humans 1,2 . Mature forms of blood-stage malaria express parasitic proteins on the surface of the infected erythrocyte, which allows them to bind to vascular endothelial cells. This process induces obstructions in blood flow, resulting in hypoxia and haemorrhages 3 and also stimulates the recruitment of inflammatory leukocytes to the site of parasite sequestration.
Unlike other infections, i.e neutrotopic viruses4-6, both malaria-parasitized red blood cells (pRBC) as well as associated inflammatory leukocytes remain sequestered within blood vessels rather than infiltrating the brain parenchyma. Thus to avoid contamination of sequestered leukocytes with non-inflammatory circulating cells, extensive intracardial perfusion of infected-mice prior to organ extraction and tissue processing is required in this procedure to remove the blood compartment. After perfusion, brains are harvested and dissected in small pieces. The tissue structure is further disrupted by enzymatic treatment with Collagenase D and DNAse I. The resulting brain homogenate is then centrifuged on a Percoll gradient that allows separation of brain-sequestered leukocytes (BSL) from myelin and other tissue debris. Isolated cells are then washed, counted using a hemocytometer and stained with fluorescent antibodies for subsequent analysis by flow cytometry.
This procedure allows comprehensive phenotypic characterization of inflammatory leukocytes migrating to the brain in response to various stimuli, including stroke as well as viral or parasitic infections. The method also provides a useful tool for assessment of novel anti-inflammatory treatments in pre-clinical animal models.

Isolation and Analysis of Brain-sequestered Leukocytes from Plasmodium berghei ANKA-infected Mice

A method for isolation of adherent inflammatory leukocytes from brain blood vessels of Plasmodium berghei ANKA-infected mice is described. The method allows quantification as well as phenotypic characterization of isolated leukocytes after staining with fluorescent antibodies and subsequent analysis by flow cytometry.

Den Beyin sekestre Lökositler İzolasyonu ve Analizi<em&gt; Plasmodium berghei</em&gt; ANKA-enfekte Fare

We describe a method for isolation and  characterization of adherent inflammatory cells from brain blood vessels of P. berghei ANKA-infected mice. ...

Bioenergetics and the Oxidative Burst: Protocols for the Isolation and Evaluation of Human Leukocytes and Platelets

Mitochondrial dysfunction is known to play a significant role in a number of pathological conditions such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, septic shock, and neurodegenerative diseases but assessing changes in bioenergetic function in patients is challenging.&#160;Although diseases such as diabetes or atherosclerosis present clinically with specific organ impairment, the systemic components of the pathology, such as hyperglycemia or inflammation, can alter bioenergetic function in circulating leukocytes or platelets. This concept has been recognized for some time but its widespread application has been constrained by the large number of primary cells needed for bioenergetic analysis.&#160;This technical limitation has been overcome by combining the specificity of the magnetic bead isolation techniques, cell adhesion techniques, which allow cells to be attached without activation to microplates, and the sensitivity of new technologies designed for high throughput microplate respirometry.&#160;An example of this equipment is the extracellular flux analyzer. Such instrumentation typically uses oxygen and pH sensitive probes to measure rates of change in these parameters in adherent cells, which can then be related to metabolism. Here we detail the methods for the isolation and plating of monocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils and platelets, without activation, from human blood and the analysis of mitochondrial bioenergetic function in these cells. In addition, we demonstrate how the oxidative burst in monocytes and neutrophils can also be measured in the same samples. Since these methods use only 8-20 ml human blood they have potential for monitoring reactive oxygen species generation and bioenergetics in a clinical setting.

Blood leukocytes and platelets can be used as a marker of overall bioenergetic health of an individual and so have the potential to monitor pathological processes and the impact of treatments. Here&#160;we describe a method to isolate and measure mitochondrial function and the oxidative burst in these cells.

İnsan lökosit ve trombosit İzolasyonu ve Değerlendirme Protokolleri: Biyoenerji ve Oksidatif Burst

Mitochondrial dysfunction is known to play a significant role in a number of pathological conditions such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, septic shock, and ...

Analyzing the Effects of Stromal Cells on the Recruitment of Leukocytes from Flow

Stromal cells regulate the recruitment of circulating leukocytes during inflammation through cross-talk with neighboring endothelial cells. Here we describe two in vitro &#8220;vascular&#8221; models for studying the recruitment of circulating neutrophils from flow by inflamed endothelial cells. A major advantage of these models is the ability to analyze each step in the leukocyte adhesion cascade in order, as would occur in vivo. We also describe how both models can be adapted to study the role of stromal cells, in this case mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), in regulating leukocyte recruitment.
Primary endothelial cells were cultured alone or together with human MSC in direct contact on Ibidi microslides or on opposite sides of a Transwell filter for 24 hr. Cultures were stimulated with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF&#945;) for 4 hr and incorporated into a flow-based adhesion assay. A bolus of neutrophils was perfused over the endothelium for 4 min. The capture of flowing neutrophils and their interactions with the endothelium was visualized by phase-contrast microscopy.
In both models, cytokine-stimulation increased endothelial recruitment of flowing neutrophils in a dose-dependent manner. Analysis of the behavior of recruited neutrophils showed a dose-dependent decrease in rolling and a dose-dependent increase in transmigration through the endothelium. In co-culture, MSC suppressed neutrophil adhesion to TNF&#945;-stimulated endothelium.
Our flow based-adhesion models mimic the initial phases of leukocyte recruitment from the circulation. In addition to leukocytes, they can be used to examine the recruitment of other cell types, such as therapeutically administered MSC or circulating tumor cells. Our multi-layered co-culture models have shown that MSC communicate with endothelium to modify their response to pro-inflammatory cytokines, altering the recruitment of neutrophils. Further research using such models is required to fully understand how stromal cells from different tissues and conditions (inflammatory disorders or cancer) influence the recruitment of leukocytes during inflammation.

The ability of inflamed endothelium to recruit leukocytes from flow is regulated by mesenchymal stromal cells. We describe two in vitro models incorporating primary human cells that can be used to assess neutrophil recruitment from flow and examine the role that mesenchymal stromal cells play in regulating this process.

Akış adlı lökositlerin üzerine Stromal hücreler Etkilerinin İncelenmesi

Stromal cells regulate the recruitment of circulating leukocytes during inflammation through cross-talk with neighboring endothelial cells. Here we ...

Isolation of Leukocytes from the Human Maternal-fetal Interface

Pregnancy is characterized by the infiltration of leukocytes in the reproductive tissues and at the maternal-fetal interface (decidua basalis and decidua parietalis). This interface is the anatomical site of contact between maternal and fetal tissues; therefore, it is an immunological site of action during pregnancy. Infiltrating leukocytes at the maternal-fetal interface play a central role in implantation, pregnancy maintenance, and timing of delivery. Therefore, phenotypic and functional characterizations of these leukocytes will provide insight into the mechanisms that lead to&#160;pregnancy disorders. Several protocols have been described in order to isolate infiltrating leukocytes from the decidua basalis and decidua parietalis; however, the lack of consistency in the reagents, enzymes, and times of incubation makes it difficult to compare these results. Described herein is&#160;a novel approach that combines the use of gentle mechanical and enzymatic dissociation techniques to preserve the viability and integrity of extracellular and intracellular markers in leukocytes isolated from the human tissues at the maternal-fetal interface. Aside from immunophenotyping, cell culture, and cell sorting, the future applications of this protocol are numerous and varied. Following this protocol, the isolated leukocytes can be used to determine DNA methylation, expression of target genes, in vitro leukocyte functionality (i.e., phagocytosis, cytotoxicity, T-cell proliferation, and plasticity, etc.), and the production of reactive oxygen species at the maternal-fetal interface. Additionally, using the described protocol, this laboratory has been able to describe new and rare leukocytes at the maternal-fetal interface.

Described herein is a protocol to isolate and further study the infiltrating leukocytes of the decidua basalis and decidua parietalis - the human maternal-fetal interface. This protocol maintains the integrity of cell surface markers and yields enough viable cells for downstream applications as proven by flow cytometry analysis.

İnsan Maternal-Fetal Arabirimi lökosit İzolasyonu

Pregnancy is characterized by the infiltration of leukocytes in the reproductive tissues and at the maternal-fetal interface (decidua basalis and decidua ...

Isolation of Leukocytes from the Murine Tissues at the Maternal-Fetal Interface

Immune tolerance in pregnancy requires that the immune system of the mother undergoes distinctive changes in order to accept and nurture the developing fetus. This tolerance is initiated during coitus, established during fecundation and implantation, and maintained throughout pregnancy. Active cellular and molecular mediators of maternal-fetal tolerance are enriched at the site of contact between fetal and maternal tissues, known as the maternal-fetal interface, which includes the placenta and the uterine and decidual tissues. This interface is comprised of stromal cells and infiltrating leukocytes, and their abundance and phenotypic characteristics change over the course of pregnancy. Infiltrating leukocytes at the maternal-fetal interface include neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, mast cells, T cells, B cells, NK cells, and NKT cells that together create the local micro-environment that sustains pregnancy. An imbalance among these cells or any inappropriate alteration in their phenotypes is considered a mechanism of disease in pregnancy. Therefore, the study of leukocytes that infiltrate the maternal-fetal interface is essential in order to elucidate the immune mechanisms that lead to pregnancy-related complications. Described herein is a protocol that uses a combination of gentle mechanical dissociation followed by a robust enzymatic disaggregation with a proteolytic and collagenolytic enzymatic cocktail to isolate the infiltrating leukocytes from the murine tissues at the maternal-fetal interface. This protocol allows for the isolation of high numbers of viable leukocytes (&#62;70%) with sufficiently conserved antigenic and functional properties. Isolated leukocytes can then be analyzed by several techniques, including immunophenotyping, cell sorting, imaging, immunoblotting, mRNA expression, cell culture, and in vitro functional assays such as mixed leukocyte reactions, proliferation, or cytotoxicity assays.

Described herein is a protocol to isolate and analyze the infiltrating leukocytes of tissues at the maternal-fetal interface (uterus, decidua, and placenta) of mice. This protocol maintains the integrity of most cell surface markers and yields enough viable cells for downstream applications including flow cytometry analysis.

Maternal Fetal Arayüz at Fare Dokular lökosit İzolasyonu

Immune tolerance in pregnancy requires that the immune system of the mother undergoes distinctive changes in order to accept and nurture the developing ...

Isolation of Infiltrating Leukocytes from Mouse Skin Using Enzymatic Digest and Gradient Separation

Dissociating murine skin into a single cell suspension is essential for downstream cellular analysis such as the characterization of infiltrating immune cells in rodent models of skin inflammation. Here, we describe a protocol for the digestion of mouse skin in a nutrient-rich solution with collagenase D, followed by separation of hematopoietic cells using a discontinuous density gradient. Cells thus obtained can be used for in vitro studies, in vivo transfer, and other downstream cellular and molecular analyses including flow cytometry. This protocol is an effective and economical alternative to expensive mechanical dissociators, specialized separation columns, and harsher trypsin- and dispase-based digestion methods, which may compromise cellular viability or density of surface proteins relevant for phenotypic characterization or cellular function. As shown here in our representative data, this protocol produced highly viable cells, contained specific immune cell subsets, and had no effect on integrity of common surface marker proteins used in flow cytometric analysis.

This protocol describes enzymatic digestion of mouse skin in nutrient-rich medium followed by gradient separation to isolate leukocytes. Cells thus derived can be used for diverse downstream applications. This is an effective, economical, and improved alternative to tissue dissociation machines and harsher trypsin and dispase-based tissue digestion protocols.

Enzimatik Digest ve Gradient Ayırma kullanma Fare Skin gelen sızan lökositlerin İzolasyonu

Dissociating murine skin into a single cell suspension is essential for downstream cellular analysis such as the characterization of infiltrating immune ...

Selective Harvesting of Marginating-hepatic Leukocytes

Marginating-hepatic (MH) leukocytes (leukocytes adhering to the sinusoids of the liver), were shown to exhibit unique composition and characteristics compared to leukocytes of other immune compartments. Specifically, evidence suggests a distinct pro- and anti-inflammatory profile of the MH-leukocyte population and higher cytotoxicity of liver-specific NK cells (namely, pit cells) compared to circulating or splenic immunocytes in both mice and rats. The method presented herein enables selective harvesting of MH leukocytes by forced perfusion of the liver in mice and rats. In contrast to other methods used to extract liver-leukocytes, including tissue grinding and biological degradation, this method exclusively yields leukocytes from the liver sinusoids, uncontaminated by cells from other liver compartments. In addition, the perfusion technique better preserves the integrity and the physiological milieu of MH leukocytes, sparing known physiological responses to tissue processing. As many circulating malignant cells and infected cells are detained while passing through the liver sinusoids, physically interacting with endothelial cells and resident leukocytes, the unique MH leukocyte population is strategically located to interact, identify, and react towards aberrant circulating cells. Thus, selective harvesting of MH-leukocytes and their study under various conditions may advance our understanding of the biological and clinical significance of MH leukocytes, specifically with respect to circulating aberrant cells and liver-related diseases and cancer metastases.

Marginating-hepatic leukocytes exhibit unique characteristics and distinct immunological functions compared to other leukocyte populations. Here we describe a method for selective harvesting of this specific hepatic cell population, through forced perfusion of the liver of rats or mice. Marginating-hepatic leukocytes seem critical in determining susceptibility to hepatic-related diseases and metastases.

Marginating-hepatik lökosit seçici Hasat

Marginating-hepatic (MH) leukocytes (leukocytes adhering to the sinusoids of the liver), were shown to exhibit unique composition and characteristics ...

Two-photon Intravital Imaging of Leukocytes During the Immune Response in Lipopolysaccharide-treated Mouse Liver

Sepsis is a type of severe infection that can cause organ failure and tissue damage. Although the mortality and morbidity rates associated with sepsis are extremely high, no direct treatment or organ-related mechanism has been examined in detail in real time. The liver is the key organ that manages toxins and infections in the human body. Herein, we aimed to perform intravital imaging of mouse liver after induction of endotoxemia in order to track the motility of immune cells, such as neutrophils and liver capsular macrophages (LCMs). Accordingly, we designed a novel surgical method for exposure of the liver with minimally invasive surgery. Mice were intraperitoneally injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a common endotoxin. Using our novel surgical approach for exposure and intravital imaging of the mouse liver, we found that neutrophil recruitment in LPS-treated LysM-green fluorescent protein (GFP) mouse liver was increased compared with that in phosphate-buffered saline-treated liver. After LPS treatment, the number of neutrophils increased significantly with time. Additionally, using CX3Cr1-GFP mice, we successfully visualized liver resident macrophages called LCMs. Therefore, to investigate the efficacy of new reagents to control immune mobility in vivo, determining the motility and morphology of neutrophils and LCMs in the liver may allow us to identify therapeutic effect in organ failure and tissue damage caused by leukocytes activation in sepsis.

We established a novel surgical protocol for two-photon imaging of live mice liver with minimal invasion. With this technique, we identified the detailed structure of the liver during lipopolysaccharide-induced endotoxemia. We anticipate that this method may be utilized to determine the effectiveness of various reagents treatment to hepatic leukocyte migration.

İki fotonlu Lipopolysaccharide tedavi fare karaciğer bağışıklık yanıtında sırasında lökositlerin Intravital görüntüleme

Sepsis is a type of severe infection that can cause organ failure and tissue damage. Although the mortality and morbidity rates associated with sepsis are ...

Identification of Mediators of T-cell Receptor Signaling via the Screening of Chemical Inhibitor Libraries

The T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling pathway comprises a multitude of mediators that transmit signals upon the activation of the TCR. Different strategies have been proposed and implemented for the identification of new mediators of TCR signaling, which would improve the understanding of T-cell processes, including activation and thymic selection. We describe a screening assay that enables the identification of molecules that influence TCR signaling based on the activation of developing thymocytes. Strong TCR signals cause developing thymocytes to activate apoptotic machinery in a process known as negative selection. Through the application of kinase inhibitors, those with targets that affect TCR signaling are able to override the process of negative selection. The method detailed in this paper can be used to identify inhibitors of canonical kinases with established roles in the TCR signaling pathways and also inhibitors of new kinases yet to be established in the TCR signaling pathways. The screening strategy here can be applied to screens of higher throughput for the identification of novel druggable targets in TCR signaling.

Identification of Mediators of T-cell Receptor Signaling via the Screening of Chemical Inhibitor Libraries

This paper uses a flow-cytometry-based assay to screen libraries of chemical inhibitors for the identification of inhibitors and their targets that influence T-cell receptor signaling. The methods described here can also be expanded for high-throughput screenings.

T-hücre reseptör üzerinden tarama kimyasal inhibitörü kütüphanelerin sinyal arabulucu tanımlaması

The T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling pathway comprises a multitude of mediators that transmit signals upon the activation of the TCR. Different strategies ...