Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.

Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which detects abnormal post-seizure electrical activity, and imaging techniques to identify structural abnormalities related to epilepsy. EEGs also detect electric activity during and after seizures.

Currently, treatment for epilepsy is primarily symptomatic, with the goal of inhibiting seizures. Antiseizure drugs work through various mechanisms, such as modulation of cation channels, enhancement of GABA neurotransmission, modulation of synaptic release, and diminishing synaptic excitation.

However, treatment adherence in epilepsy can be challenging due to long-term therapy requirements and potential unwanted drug effects. This highlights the persistent need for more specific and effective antiepileptic drugs.

In epilepsy research, transgenic mice and rats are utilized. The maximal electroshock test, the pentylenetetrazol test, the 6-Hz seizure test, and kindling models are used to screen and develop new antiseizure drugs. This ongoing research is crucial in our fight against epilepsy, aiming to improve the lives of those affected by this disorder.