Name: human peripheral blood neutrophil isolation for interrogating the parkinson's associated lrrk2 kinase pathway by assessing rab10 phosphorylation
Uploaded: 2020-03-21T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Human Peripheral Blood Neutrophil Isolation for Interrogating the Parkinson's Associated LRRK2 Kinase Pathway by Assessing Rab10 Phosphorylation at JoVE.com

We thank the healthy volunteers who kindly donated blood for the present study. We thank The Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson&#8217;s Research (MJFF) and the Fox BioNet study leadership (FBN) for their support and input towards the written protocol and the video. We thank Professor Alexander Zimprich from the University of Vienna in Austria for testing our protocol and collaboration. We value the contributions of Paul Davies to the project (general manager of the MRC PPU). We also recognize the excellent technical support of the MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit (PPU) namely Chemical Synthesis (Natalia Shpiro for synthesising MLi-2), MRC PPU Reagents and Services antibody purification teams (coordinated by Hilary McLauchlan and James Hastie). We thank Mhairi Towler and Fraser Murdoch from Vivomotion for their help with making the videos and animations. We thank Steve Soave from 81 films for assistance with the final edits. Esther Sammler is supported by a Scottish Senior Clinical Academic Fellowship and has received funding from Parkinson&#39;s UK (K-1706).

According to local UK regulation all manipulations and pipetting of human blood are undertaken in a category 2 biological safety cabinet. All procedures were performed in compliance with local ethics review board and all participants have provided informed consent.
1. Preparation
<ol>
	<li>Prepare 0.1 mL of EDTA Stock Solution 1 containing 100 mM EDTA in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS).</li>
	<li>Prepare 60 mL of EDTA Stock Solution 2 containing 1 mM EDTA in PBS.</li>
	<li>Prepare lysis buff...

<ol>
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J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=MLi-2,+a+Potent,+Selective,+and+Centrally+Active+Compound+for+Exploring+the+Therapeutic+Potential+and+Safety+of+LRRK2+Kinase+Inhibition.">MLi-2, a Potent, Selective, and Centrally Active Compound for Exploring the Therapeutic Potential and Safety of LRRK2 Kinase Inhibition.</a> Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 355 (3), 397-409 (2015).</li><li>Zimprich, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mutations+in+LRRK2+cause+autosomal-dominant+parkinsonism+with+pleomorphic+pathology.">Mutations in LRRK2 cause autosomal-dominant parkinsonism with pleomorphic pathology.</a> Neuron. 44 (4), 601-607 (2004).</li><li>Sardi, S. P., Cedarbaum, J. M., Brundin, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Targeted+Therapies+for+Parkinson's+Disease:+From+Genetics+to+the+Clinic.">Targeted Therapies for Parkinson's Disease: From Genetics to the Clinic.</a> Journal of Movement Disorders. 33 (5), 684-696 (2018).</li><li>Steger, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Phosphoproteomics+reveals+that+Parkinson's+disease+kinase+LRRK2+regulates+a+subset+of+Rab+GTPases.">Phosphoproteomics reveals that Parkinson's disease kinase LRRK2 regulates a subset of Rab GTPases.</a> Elife. 5, (2016).</li><li>Ito, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Phos-tag+analysis+of+Rab10+phosphorylation+by+LRRK2:+a+powerful+assay+for+assessing+kinase+function+and+inhibitors.">Phos-tag analysis of Rab10 phosphorylation by LRRK2: a powerful assay for assessing kinase function and inhibitors.</a> Biochemical Journal. 473 (17), 2671-2685 (2016).</li><li>Alessi, D. R., SammLer, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=LRRK2+kinase+in+Parkinson's+disease.">LRRK2 kinase in Parkinson's disease.</a> Science. 360 (6384), 36-37 (2018).</li><li>Yue, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Progressive+dopaminergic+alterations+and+mitochondrial+abnormalities+in+LRRK2+G2019S+knock-in+mice.">Progressive dopaminergic alterations and mitochondrial abnormalities in LRRK2 G2019S knock-in mice.</a> Neurobiology of Disease. 78, 172-195 (2015).</li><li>Doggett, E. A., Zhao, J., Mork, C. N., Hu, D., Nichols, R. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Phosphorylation+of+LRRK2+serines+955+and+973+is+disrupted+by+Parkinson's+disease+mutations+and+LRRK2+pharmacological+inhibition.">Phosphorylation of LRRK2 serines 955 and 973 is disrupted by Parkinson's disease mutations and LRRK2 pharmacological inhibition.</a> Journal of Neurochemistry. 120 (1), 37-45 (2012).</li><li>Sheng, Z., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ser1292+autophosphorylation+is+an+indicator+of+LRRK2+kinase+activity+and+contributes+to+the+cellular+effects+of+PD+mutations.">Ser1292 autophosphorylation is an indicator of LRRK2 kinase activity and contributes to the cellular effects of PD mutations.</a> Science Translational Medicine. 4 (164), (2012).</li><li>Fan, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Interrogating+Parkinson's+disease+LRRK2+kinase+pathway+activity+by+assessing+Rab10+phosphorylation+in+human+neutrophils.">Interrogating Parkinson's disease LRRK2 kinase pathway activity by assessing Rab10 phosphorylation in human neutrophils.</a> Biochemical Journal. 475 (1), 23-44 (2018).</li><li>Scott, J. D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Discovery+of+a+3-(4-Pyrimidinyl)+Indazole+(MLi-2),+an+Orally+Available+and+Selective+Leucine-Rich+Repeat+Kinase+2+(LRRK2)+Inhibitor+that+Reduces+Brain+Kinase+Activity.">Discovery of a 3-(4-Pyrimidinyl) Indazole (MLi-2), an Orally Available and Selective Leucine-Rich Repeat Kinase 2 (LRRK2) Inhibitor that Reduces Brain Kinase Activity.</a> Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 60 (7), 2983-2992 (2017).</li><li>Pham, C. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Neutrophil+serine+proteases:+specific+regulators+of+inflammation.">Neutrophil serine proteases: specific regulators of inflammation.</a> Nature Reviews Immunology. 6 (7), 541-550 (2006).</li><li>Lis, P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Development+of+phospho-specific+Rab+protein+antibodies+to+monitor+in+vivo+activity+of+the+LRRK2+Parkinson's+disease+kinase.">Development of phospho-specific Rab protein antibodies to monitor in vivo activity of the LRRK2 Parkinson's disease kinase.</a> Biochemical Journal. 475 (1), 1-22 (2018).</li><li>Mir, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+Parkinson's+disease+VPS35[D620N]+mutation+enhances+LRRK2-mediated+Rab+protein+phosphorylation+in+mouse+and+human.">The Parkinson's disease VPS35[D620N] mutation enhances LRRK2-mediated Rab protein phosphorylation in mouse and human.</a> Biochemical Journal. 475 (11), 1861-1883 (2018).</li><li>Rieckmann, J. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Social+network+architecture+of+human+immune+cells+unveiled+by+quantitative+proteomics.">Social network architecture of human immune cells unveiled by quantitative proteomics.</a> Nature Immunology. 18 (5), 583-593 (2017).</li><li>Borregaard, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Neutrophils,+from+marrow+to+microbes.">Neutrophils, from marrow to microbes.</a> Immunity. 33 (5), 657-670 (2010).</li><li>Bain, B., Dean, A., Broom, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+estimation+of+the+lymphocyte+percentage+by+the+Coulter+Counter+Model+S+Plus+III.">The estimation of the lymphocyte percentage by the Coulter Counter Model S Plus III.</a> Clinical &amp; Laboratory Haematology. 6 (3), 273-285 (1984).</li><li>Tomazella, G. G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Proteomic+analysis+of+total+cellular+proteins+of+human+neutrophils.">Proteomic analysis of total cellular proteins of human neutrophils.</a> Proteome Science. 7, 32 (2009).</li></ol>

Compelling clinical, genetic, and biochemical evidence points towards an important role for LRRK2 and in particular its kinase function in Parkinson&#8217;s disease7. LRRK2 kinase inhibitors have been developed and are entering clinical trials2,4,12. As such there is a need for exploiting LRRK2 as a biomarker for target engagement as well as patient stratification. Our protocol describes a robust and easy...

Attempts to slow or stop Parkinson&#8217;s disease (PD) have thus far failed. The discovery of hyperactivating mutations in the leucine rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) that cause and/or increase the risk for PD has led to the development of LRRK2 kinase inhibitors1,2,3. These have now entered clinical trials4. The exact function of LRRK2 is unclear, but a major advancement has been the identification of a subset of Rab GTPase proteins, including Rab10, as the first bona fide physiological substrates of the LRRK2 kinase5,6,7. Key challenges in the era of disease-modifying therapeutics are biochemical markers of LRRK2 kinase activation status and target engagement of LRRK2 kinase inhibitors.
So far, the principal pharmacokinetic marker for LRRK2 inhibitors in vivo has been a cluster of constitutively phosphorylated serine residues of LRRK2, in particular serine 935, that become dephosphorylated in response to diverse LRRK2 inhibitors8,9. However, serine 935 phosphorylation does not correlate with intrinsic cellular LRRK2 kinase activity because it is not directly phosphorylated by LRRK2 and is still phosphorylated in kinase-inactive LRRK210. LRRK2 kinase activity correlates well with autophosphorylation of serine 1292, but it is in practical terms not a suitable readout for endogenous LRRK2 kinase activity by immunoblot analysis of whole cell extracts due to the current lack of reliable and phosphospecific antibodies for this site10,11.
We have developed a robust and easy assay to quantify LRRK2 kinase pathway activity in human peripheral blood cells that measures LRRK2-controlled phosphorylation of its physiological target protein Rab10 at threonine 7311. Peripheral blood is easily accessible by venesection, which is a low risk and quick procedure that causes minimal discomfort. We focus on human peripheral blood neutrophils because they constitute an abundant (37&#8211;80% of all white blood cells) and homogeneous cell population that expresses relatively high levels of both LRRK2 and Rab1011. Furthermore, peripheral blood neutrophils can be isolated quickly and efficiently by employing an immunomagnetic negative approach. To ensure that the subsequent observed Rab10 phosphorylation is mediated by LRRK2, each batch of neutrophils is incubated with or without a potent and selective LRRK2 kinase inhibitor (we use and recommend MLi-2)2,12. This is then followed by cell lysis in a buffer containing the protease inhibitor diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DIFP), which is necessary for suppressing the intrinsic serine protease activity that is known to be high in neutrophils13. For the final analysis by quantitative immunoblotting, we recommend using the MJFF-pRab10 rabbit monoclonal antibody that specifically detects the Rab10 Thr73-phosphoepitope and does not cross-react with other phosphorylated Rab proteins14. Selectivity and specificity of this antibody has been validated in overexpression models of different Rab proteins and a A549 Rab10 knock-out cell line14. Thus, we measure the difference in Rab10 phosphorylation in neutrophil lysates that have been treated with and without a potent and selective LRRK2 kinase inhibitor2. Alternatively, samples could also be analyzed by other methods, such as quantitative mass spectrometry.
In conclusion, LRRK2-controlled Rab10 phosphorylation is a superior marker of LRRK2 kinase activity to LRRK2 phosphorylation at serine 935 and human peripheral blood neutrophils are a valuable resource for PD research into LRRK2. Our protocol provides a robust and easy assay to interrogate LRRK2 pathway activity in peripheral blood neutrophils and allows biochemical stratification of individuals with increased LRRK2 kinase activity15. Importantly, such individuals may benefit from future LRRK2 kinase inhibitor treatment.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width:979px;" width="978">
	<colgroup>
		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
	</colgroup>
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:320px;">1 mL Pipette tips</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">Sarstedt</td>
			<td style="width:95px;">70.762</td>
			<td style="width:432px;">or equivalent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:320px;">1.5 mL Micro tubes</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">Sarstedt</td>
			<td style="width:95px;">72.690.001</td>
			<td style="width:432px;">or equivalent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:320px;">10 mL Pipette tips&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">Sarstedt</td>
			<td style="width:95px;">86.1254.025&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:432px;">or equivalent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:320px;">10 &#956;L Pipette tips</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">Sarstedt</td>
			<td style="width:95px;">70.113</td>
			<td style="width:432px;">or equivalent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:320px;">15 mL falcon tube&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">Cellstar</td>
			<td style="width:95px;">188 271</td>
			<td style="width:432px;">or equivalent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:320px;">200 &#956;L Pipette tips</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">Sarstedt</td>
			<td style="width:95px;">70.760.002</td>
			<td style="width:432px;">or equivalent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:320px;">25 mL Pipette tips&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">Sarstedt</td>
			<td style="width:95px;">86.1685.001</td>
			<td style="width:432px;">or equivalent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:320px;">50 mL falcon tube&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">Cellstar</td>
			<td style="width:95px;">227 261</td>
			<td style="width:432px;">or equivalent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:320px;">BD Vacutainer Hemogard Closure Plastic K2-EDTA Tube</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">BD&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:95px;">BD 367525</td>
			<td style="width:432px;">or equivalent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:320px;">Beckman Coulter Allegra X-15R centrifuge</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">Beckman</td>
			<td style="width:95px;"></td>
			<td style="width:432px;">or equivalent centrifuge with swimging bucket rotator for 15 mL and 50 mL falcon tubes at speed 1000-1200 x g</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:320px;">Category 2 biological safety cabinet.</td>
			<td style="width:132px;"></td>
			<td style="width:95px;"></td>
			<td style="width:432px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:320px;">cOmplete(EDTA-free) protease inhibitor cocktail</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">Roche</td>
			<td style="width:95px;">11836170001</td>
			<td style="width:432px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:320px;">DIFP (Diisopropylfluorophosphate)&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:95px;">D0879</td>
			<td style="width:432px;">Prepare 0.5M stock solution in isopropanol using special precautions&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Dimethyl sulfoxide&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:95px;">6250</td>
			<td style="width:432px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:320px;">Dry ice or liquid nitrogene</td>
			<td style="width:132px;"></td>
			<td style="width:95px;"></td>
			<td style="width:432px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:320px;">Dulbecco&#39;s phosphate-buffered saline&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">ThermoFisher</td>
			<td style="width:95px;">14190094</td>
			<td style="width:432px;">or equivalent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:320px;">Easy 50 EasySep Magnet&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">Stemcell</td>
			<td style="width:95px;">18002</td>
			<td style="width:432px;">for holding 1 x 50ml conical tube</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:320px;">EasySep Direct Human Neutrophil Isolation Kit&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">Stemcell</td>
			<td style="width:95px;">19666</td>
			<td style="width:432px;">This contains Solutions called &#8220;Isolation Cocktail&#8221; and &#8220;RapidSpheres magnetic beads</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:320px;">EGTA</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:95px;">E3889</td>
			<td style="width:432px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:320px;">Eppendorf centrifuge 5417R centrifuge</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">Eppendorf</td>
			<td style="width:95px;"></td>
			<td style="width:432px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:320px;">Ethanol, in spray bottle</td>
			<td style="width:132px;"></td>
			<td style="width:95px;"></td>
			<td style="width:432px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:95px;">E6758</td>
			<td style="width:432px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:320px;">Ice</td>
			<td style="width:132px;"></td>
			<td style="width:95px;"></td>
			<td style="width:432px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:320px;">Isopropanol (anhydrous grade)&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:95px;">278475</td>
			<td style="width:432px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="168">
			<td height="168" style="height:168px;width:320px;">Lysis buffer (50 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.5, 1%(v/v) Triton X-100, 1 mM EGTA, 1 mM Na3VO4, 50 mM NaF, 10 mM &#946;-glycerophosphate, 5 mM sodium pyrophosphate, 0.27 M sucrose, 0.1% (v/v) &#946;-mercaptoethanol, 1x cOmplete(EDTA-free) protease inhibitor cocktail (Roche), 1 &#956;g/ml Microcystin-LR, 0.5 mM diisopropylfluorophosphate (DIFP).&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:132px;"></td>
			<td style="width:95px;"></td>
			<td style="width:432px;">alternatively frozen lysis buffer in aliquots without Microcystin-LR, DIFP available from MRC-PPU Reagents (http://mrcppureagents.dundee.ac.uk/)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:320px;">Merck LRRK2 inhibitor II (MLi-2)</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">Merck</td>
			<td style="width:95px;">438194-10MG</td>
			<td style="width:432px;">or equivalent (potent and selective LRRK2 inhinitor)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:320px;">Microcystin-LR</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">Enzo Life Sciences</td>
			<td style="width:95px;">ALX-350-012-M001</td>
			<td style="width:432px;">1 mg/ml stock in DMSO and store at -80 oC.&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:320px;">Na3VO4</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:95px;">450243</td>
			<td style="width:432px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:320px;">NaF</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:95px;">S7920</td>
			<td style="width:432px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Odyssey CLx scan Western Blot imaging system</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">Odyssey</td>
			<td style="width:95px;"></td>
			<td style="width:432px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:320px;">Permanent marker pen</td>
			<td style="width:132px;"></td>
			<td style="width:95px;"></td>
			<td style="width:432px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:320px;">Personal protection equipment</td>
			<td style="width:132px;"></td>
			<td style="width:95px;"></td>
			<td style="width:432px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:320px;">RPMI 1640 Medium&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">ThermoFisher</td>
			<td style="width:95px;">21875034</td>
			<td style="width:432px;">or equivalent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:320px;">sodium pyrophosphate</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:95px;">S22</td>
			<td style="width:432px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:320px;">sucrose</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:95px;">S0389</td>
			<td style="width:432px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:320px;">&#946;-glycerophosphate</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:95px;">50020</td>
			<td style="width:432px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:320px;">&#946;-mercaptoethanol</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:95px;">M3148</td>
			<td style="width:432px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Suggested antibodies for Western blotting</td>
			<td style="width:132px;"></td>
			<td style="width:95px;"></td>
			<td style="width:432px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:320px;">Anti-RAB10 (phospho T73) antibody [MJF-R21]</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">abcam</td>
			<td style="width:95px;">ab230261</td>
			<td style="width:432px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:320px;">Anti-&#945;-tubulin</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">Cell Signaling Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:95px;">5174</td>
			<td style="width:432px;">used at 1:2000 dilution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:320px;">Goat anti-mouse IRDye 680LT</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">LI-COR</td>
			<td style="width:95px;">926-68020</td>
			<td style="width:432px;">used at 1:10,000 dilution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:320px;">Goat anti-mouse IRDye 800CW</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">LI-COR</td>
			<td style="width:95px;">926-32210</td>
			<td style="width:432px;">used at 1:10,000 dilution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:320px;">Goat anti-rabbit IRDye 800CW</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">LI-COR</td>
			<td style="width:95px;">926-32211</td>
			<td style="width:432px;">used at 1:10,000 dilution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:320px;">MJFF-total Rab10 mouse antibody</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">generated by nanoTools (nanotools.de)</td>
			<td style="width:95px;">not applicable*</td>
			<td style="width:432px;">used at 2 &#956;g/ml final concentration; * The MJFF-total Rab10 antibody generated by nanoTools (www.nanotools.de) [11] will be commercialised by the Michael J Fox Foundation in 2018</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:320px;">Mouse anti-LRRK2 C-terminus antibody</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">Antibodies Incorporated</td>
			<td style="width:95px;">&#160;75-253</td>
			<td style="width:432px;">used at 1 &#956;g/ml final concentration</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:320px;">pS935-LRRK2</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">MRC PPU Reagents and Services</td>
			<td style="width:95px;">UDD2</td>
			<td style="width:432px;">MJFF-total Rab10 mouse antibody</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

human peripheral blood neutrophil isolation for interrogating the parkinson's associated lrrk2 kinase pathway by assessing rab10 phosphorylation

The leucine rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) is the most frequently mutated gene in hereditary Parkinson&#8217; disease (PD) and all pathogenic LRRK2 mutations result in hyperactivation of its kinase function. Here, we describe an easy and robust assay to quantify LRRK2 kinase pathway activity in human peripheral blood neutrophils by measuring LRRK2-controlled phosphorylation of one of its physiological substrates, Rab10 at threonine 73. The immunoblotting analysis described requires a fully selective and phosphospecific antibody that recognizes the Rab10 Thr73 epitope phosphorylated by LRRK2, such as the MJFF-pRab10 rabbit monoclonal antibody. It uses human peripheral blood neutrophils, because peripheral blood is easily accessible and neutrophils are an abundant and homogenous constituent. Importantly, neutrophils express relatively high levels of both LRRK2 and Rab10. A potential drawback of neutrophils is their high intrinsic serine protease activity, which necessitates the use of very potent protease inhibitors such as the organophosphorus neurotoxin diisopropylfluorophosphate (DIFP) as part of the lysis buffer. Nevertheless, neutrophils are a valuable resource for research into LRRK2 kinase pathway activity in vivo and should be considered for inclusion into PD biorepository collections.

Our assay allows interrogating the activation of the PD-associated LRRK2 kinase in human peripheral blood neutrophils with LRRK2-dependent Rab10 phosphorylation as a readout. Neutrophils are a homogenous and abundant peripheral white blood cell population that expresses high levels of both the LRRK2 and Rab10 proteins (Figure 1). The only other cell population among the remaining peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with high copy numbers of both proteins are monocytes, but these make ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Human Peripheral Blood Neutrophil Isolation for Interrogating the Parkinson's Associated LRRK2 Kinase Pathway by Assessing Rab10 Phosphorylation at JoVE.com

Human Peripheral Blood Neutrophil Isolation for Interrogating the Parkinson's Associated LRRK2 Kinase Pathway by Assessing Rab10 Phosphorylation

Mutations in the leucine rich repeat kinase 2 gene (LRRK2) cause hereditary Parkinson&#8217;s disease. We have developed an easy and robust method for assessing LRRK2-controlled phosphorylation of Rab10 in human peripheral blood neutrophils. This may help identify individuals with increased LRRK2 kinase pathway activity.

The leucine rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) is the most frequently mutated gene in hereditary Parkinson&#8217; disease (PD) and all pathogenic LRRK2 ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Biochemistry

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Oligopeptide Competition Assay for Phosphorylation Site Determination

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Rab10 Phosphorylation Detection by LRRK2 Activity Using SDS-PAGE with a Phosphate-binding Tag

Mutations in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) have been shown to be linked with familial Parkinson&#39;s disease (FPD). Since abnormal activation of ...

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Identification of Cyclin-dependent Kinase 1 Specific Phosphorylation Sites by an In Vitro Kinase Assay

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Kinase Inhibitor Screening In Self-assembled Human Protein Microarrays

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