Name: an improved and high throughput respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) micro-neutralization assay
Uploaded: 2019-01-26T14:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about An Improved and High Throughput Respiratory Syncytial Virus RSV Micro-neutralization Assay at JoVE.com

The authors thank all the participants involved. We acknowledge the Victorian Government's Operational Infrastructure Support Program. PVL is a NHMRC Career Development Fellowship recipient.

NOTE: All steps have to be performed in a BSL2 hood unless stated differently. Viral titration is required in advance of a PRN assay to determine the optimal RSV concentration used in the PRN assay. It is recommended to aliquot the virus stocks in a small volume that will be thawed once and used for each NAb assay. Using the same viral stock for all NAb assays performed for all samples from one study is also recommended. Make sure culture media and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) is warmed at 37 &#176;C ...

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We have developed and optimized a simple and efficient RSV micro-neutralization assay that can be readily adapted in most laboratories. This assay is able to measure viral infection ability as well as measuring the inhibition of viral infection by NAb at the cellular level using computerized image scanning. The use of an imaging-based platform and specific antibody-based systems has increased the specificity and sensitivity of spot detection compared to traditional plaque detection methods6,<...

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections in the pediatric population worldwide1. Despite its high burden, there is still no vaccine or treatment available. Since 2013, the World Health Organization (WHO) has declared RSV vaccine development as a major research priority, with annual WHO consultation meetings2,3. The WHO has agreed on using RSV neutralizing antibody (NAb) measurement to monitor vaccine immunogenicity, as this is recognized as the major serological marker of protection4. NAbs have been shown to protect against severe RSV infection in a number of studies as well as clinical trials of the anti-RSV monoclonal antibody palivizumab, currently the only prophylactic strategy available4.
There are multiple NAb assay formats used by laboratories worldwide, including cell-based and molecular-based assays, which have made standardization efforts challenging5,6,7,8. However, the conventional plaque-reduction neutralization (PRN) assay that measures the number of reduced plaque forming units (PFU) by the presence of an RSV-specific antibody still remains the gold standard9. Here, we report an improved, simplified, and high-throughput PRN protocol that can be used on numerous cell lines, for different RSV strains and with increased assay throughput. This protocol has been tested using clinical samples from different settings as well as on samples from animal model experiments.

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Cell line</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>A549</td>
			<td>ATCC</td>
			<td>CCL-185</td>
			<td>provided by Dr Keith Chappell, University of Queensland</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Viral strains</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>RSV A2</td>
			<td>ATCC</td>
			<td>VR-1540</td>
			<td>lot number 60430286</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Reagents</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Acetone</td>
			<td>Merck</td>
			<td>1000142511</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Alexa-Fluor donkey anti-goat IgG (stored at 4 &#176;C)</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>A11055</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CMC sodium salt powder</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>C5678-500G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DMEM (no serum, 3.7 g/L NaHC, P/S) (stored at 4 &#176;C)</td>
			<td>Scientific Services &#8211; Tissue Culture</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>MCRI in house supply</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Foetal calf Serum (stored in 50ml aliquots at -20 &#176;C)</td>
			<td>Interpath</td>
			<td>SFBS-F</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Goat X RSV antibody</td>
			<td>Merck</td>
			<td>AB1128</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>human polyclonal antiserum to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (stored in 45 &#181;L aliquots at -20 &#176;C)</td>
			<td>BEI Resources</td>
			<td>NR-4022</td>
			<td>Free order through BEI Resources upon registration. This serum belong to a panel of human antiserum and immune globulin to RSV (NR-32832)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>M199 powder</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>31100035</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Milk diluent blocking solution (stored at 4 &#176;C)</td>
			<td>Australian Biosearch</td>
			<td>50-82-01</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Penicillin/Streptomycin (stored in 6mL aliquots at -20 &#176;C)</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>15140122</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>s.d.H2O from Milli-Q dispenser</td>
			<td>Merck</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>In-house dispensation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sterile 1X PBS for culture (stored at 4&#176;C)</td>
			<td>Scientific Services &#8211; Tissue Culture</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>MCRI in house supply</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tween 20 polysorbate</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>9005-64-5</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>General Consumables</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Conical Falcon tubes (50 mL)</td>
			<td>Invitro Technologies</td>
			<td>FAL352070</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Filter unit 0.22um (500 mL)</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher</td>
			<td>NAL5660020</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sterile Eppendorf tubes (1.5 mL)</td>
			<td>Australia PL</td>
			<td>AM12400</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sterile flat-bottom plates (96-well with lid)</td>
			<td>Interpath</td>
			<td>655180</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sterile U-bottom plates (96-well with lid)</td>
			<td>Interpath</td>
			<td>650180</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>5ml serological pipette</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>CLS4487-200EA</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>10 mL serological pipette</td>
			<td>Interpath</td>
			<td>607180</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>25 mL serological pipette</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>CLS4251-200EA</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tip Pipette 1-200 &#181;L Clear Maxymum Recovery Racked Pre-sterilized 10RACKS x 96TIPS PKG960</td>
			<td>Fisher Biotec</td>
			<td>TF-200-L-R-S</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tip Pipette 5-20 &#181;L Clear Maxymum Recovery Racked Pre-sterilized 10RACKS x 96TIPS PKG960</td>
			<td>Fisher Biotec</td>
			<td>TF-20-L-R-S</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tip Pipette 100-1000 &#181;LClear Maxymum Recovery Racked Pre-sterilized 10RACKS x 100TIPS PKG1000</td>
			<td>Fisher Biotec</td>
			<td>TF-1000-L-R-S</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tip Pipette 1-10 &#181;L Clear Maxymum Recovery Racked Pre-sterilized 10RACKS x 100TIPS PKG1001</td>
			<td>Fisher Biotec</td>
			<td>TXLF-10-L-R-S</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Equipments and softwares</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ELISpot reader system</td>
			<td>AID iSpot, Autoimmun Diagnostika GmbH, Strasburg, Germany</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>AID ELISpot software version 5.0</td>
			<td>AID iSpot, Autoimmun Diagnostika GmbH, Strasburg, Germany</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microsoft Excel 2007</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

an improved and high throughput respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) micro-neutralization assay

Respiratory syncytial virus-specific neutralizing antibodies (RSV NAbs) are an important marker of protection against RSV. A number of different assay formats are currently in use worldwide so there is a need for an accurate and high-throughput method for measuring RSV NAbs. We describe here an imaging-based micro-neutralization assay that has been tested on RSV subgroup A and can also be adapted for RSV subgroup B and different sample types. This method is highly reproducible, with inter-assay variations for the reference antiserum being less than 10%. We believe this assay can be readily established in many laboratories worldwide at relatively low cost. Development of an improved, high-throughput assay that measures RSV NAbs represents a significant step forward for the standardization of this method internationally as well as being critical for the evaluation of novel RSV vaccine candidates in the future.

The titration of a virus stock was performed from 1:10 to 1:108 dilution to determine the virus stock concentration prior to the PRN assay (representative results shown in Figure 5). From Figure 5, PFU can be counted reliably at dilutions of 1:104 and 1:105. The average number of PFU from triplicate wells at the same dilution was calculated. Since the average number of spots at 1:105 di...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about An Improved and High Throughput Respiratory Syncytial Virus RSV Micro-neutralization Assay at JoVE.com

An Improved and High Throughput Respiratory Syncytial Virus RSV Micro-neutralization Assay

This study describes a high throughput, imaging-based micro-neutralization assay to determine the titer of neutralizing antibodies specific for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). This assay format has been tested on different sample types.

An Improved and High Throughput Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Micro-neutralization Assay

Respiratory syncytial virus-specific neutralizing antibodies (RSV NAbs) are an important marker of protection against RSV. A number of different assay ...

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