This technique was originally described by Abu Hilal et al.16.

1. Patient Selection
<ol>
	<li>Select patients with an upfront resectable pancreatic cancer in the pancreas body or tail visible on a recent contrast enhanced CT scan (maximum of 4 weeks old) without downstaging neoadjuvant therapy.</li>
	<li>Exclude patients with metastatic disease or vascular involvement of vessels other than the splenic vein or artery24.</li>
	<li>During training, it is best to exclude patients with a body max index (BMI) &#62; 35 kg/m2, recurrent acute or chronic pancreatitis, previous major upper abdominal surgery, or pancreas targeted radiotherapy.</li>
</ol>
2. Surgical Technique
<ol>
	<li>Operative setting
	<ol>
		<li>Place the anesthetized patient in the French position on a bean bag. Place both arms in 90&#176; abduction.</li>
		<li>Place sterile drapes so that the suprapubic region is exposed for the Pfannenstiel incision.</li>
		<li>Create pneumoperitoneum via a Veress needle at Palmer&#8217;s point.</li>
		<li>Perform a routine diagnostic laparoscopy to exclude peritoneal and liver metastases.</li>
		<li>The procedure is performed using a 5-port technique. Place additional trocars a shown in Figure 1. 
		NOTE: Use of laparoscopic ultrasound is advisable for staging and localizing the lesion, thereby determining the extent of the resection.</li>
	</ol>
	</li>
	<li>Exploration Phase
	<ol>
		<li>Exposure
		<ol>
			<li>Divide the gastrocolic ligament approximately 2 cm distal from the gastroepiploic artery and vein, thus opening the lesser sac.</li>
			<li>Dissect and ligate the short gastric vessels in preparation of splenectomy. The most superior short gastric vessels may also be spared at this stage to avoid early bleeding without adequate exposure.</li>
			<li>Mobilize the stomach from the pancreas and retract upwards. The stomach may be retracted in various ways. Use of umbilical tape around the stomach, after it has been rolled backwards and secured in this position with surgical gauze between the top of the stomach and the surgical tape is recommended.</li>
			<li>Extract this tape next to the subxiphoidal trocar and grip using a surgical clamp. 
			NOTE: A second piece of tape may pull the pyloric region to the right upper quadrant using a stab incision to extract it25. This second tape is especially useful to obtain maximal exposure of the pancreatic neck and hepatic artery region.</li>
			<li>Divide the splenocolic ligament in order to mobilize the splenic flexure and visualize the pancreatic tail. If needed, the lesion is located using laparoscopic ultrasonography. The transection plane of the pancreas in case of pancreatic cancer is at the portal confluence.</li>
			<li>Mobilize the lower margin of the pancreas from medial to lateral including the splenic inferior border. At this stage, both the superior and inferior mesenteric vein may be visualized. Incise Gerota&#8217;s fascia. 
			NOTE: Care should be taken to avoid venous bleeding. Optionally, the splenic flexure of the colon can be mobilized separately using a lateral to medial approach but often this is not required.</li>
			<li>Identify the splenic vein at the inferior border of the pancreas. 
			NOTE: The inferior mesenteric vein could drain directly into the splenic vein.</li>
			<li>Identify the splenic artery at the superior border of the pancreas.</li>
		</ol>
		</li>
		<li>Pancreatic hanging and dissection of Gerota&#8217;s fascia dissection.
		<ol>
			<li>During the dissection of the posterior plane, mobilize and lift the Gerota&#8217;s fascia (i.e., anterior renal fascia).</li>
			<li>Create the posterior plane underneath the Gerota&#8217;s fascia superior to the adrenal gland toward the superior border of the pancreas. This is an avascular plane. If needed, the adrenal gland can be included (i.e., posterior RAMPS).</li>
			<li>Create a tunnel by dissecting the superior pancreatic margin.</li>
			<li>Pass a quarter length vessel loop through the tunnel and secure with a nonabsorbable locking clip. Use this to hang the pancreas including Gerota&#8217;s fascia.</li>
			<li>Identify the splenic artery at the superior border of the pancreas.</li>
			<li>Mobilize the splenic artery using blunt and sharp dissection and a pass quarter length vessel loop.</li>
			<li>Transect the artery using 3&#8211;4 nonabsorbable locking clips. Alternatively, a vascular endostapler may be used. 
			NOTE: The splenic artery must not be transected until the entire anatomy, especially the hepatic artery, is visualized and confirmed. If the splenic artery cannot be visualized from the pancreatic superior margin, it may identified from beneath the pancreas or by following the hepatic artery towards the celiac artery.</li>
			<li>Perform the same tunneling procedure at the pancreatic neck, on the right side of the pancreatic lesion, mostly above the confluence/portal vein.</li>
			<li>The two vessel loops can be held by an assistant to literally hang the pancreas and expose the posterior margin during the retroperitoneal dissection.</li>
			<li>Determine the transection plane at the inferior border of the pancreas.</li>
			<li>Mobilize the remaining part of the pancreas, including Gerota&#8217;s fascia, exposing the anterior aspect of the kidney.</li>
		</ol>
		</li>
		<li>Pancreatic transection
		<ol>
			<li>Pull the pancreas ventrally using the vessel loops.</li>
			<li>Transect the pancreas at the neck using a stapler with a graded compression technique (vascular or thicker cartridge, based on the pancreatic thickness and texture at the transection level)26. 
			NOTE: With this technique, the stapler is closed very slowly, in steps, until resistance is felt. Before continuing with the compression, the surgeon should wait for 20&#8211;30 s until the resistance decreases. The entire process typically requires 4&#8211;5 min before the stapler is completely closed. Faster closure often leads to rupture of the pancreatic capsule27. If needed, sutures can be applied to the pancreatic stump in case of rupture or bleeding.</li>
			<li>Identify the left gastric vein and the splenic vein. Clip and transect the left gastric vein.</li>
			<li>Mobilize the splenic vein, pass and secure a vessel loop.</li>
			<li>Hereafter, place 3&#8211;4 locking clips on the splenic vein: two on the patient site and at least one on the specimen site. In case of lack of space, an additional metal clip may be placed on the specimen site. 
			NOTE: The standard order of transection is splenic artery, pancreas, splenic vein. This order may be varied based on local anatomy (e.g., by transecting the pancreas first). However, if the splenic vein is transected before the splenic artery, there will be venous congestion with increased risk of conversion due to bleeding.</li>
		</ol>
		</li>
		<li>Lymph node dissection
		<ol>
			<li>Dissect the lymph nodes in a clockwise fashion, according to the description of Strasberg&#8217;s RAMPS procedure15.</li>
			<li>Start with lymph node station 8A at the hepatic artery and station 9 at the celiac trunk. 
			NOTE: If possible, the left gastric artery should be preserved while performing lymphadenectomy. If needed, it can be resected.</li>
			<li>Extend the lymphadenectomy to the left border of the aorta and the left side of the superior mesenteric artery.</li>
			<li>Proceed with the dissection laterally towards the spleen, where any further attached tissue is taken, including the Gerota&#8217;s fascia.</li>
			<li>Detach the spleen by transecting the gastrosplenic ligament, splenorenal ligament, and retroperitoneal adhesion.</li>
		</ol>
		</li>
		<li>Extraction and drain placement
		<ol>
			<li>Once the spleen is detached, remove the specimen using an endo-bag through a Pfannenstiel incision. Turn the camera 180&#176; to the inferior part of the abdomen to visualize the extraction of the specimen.</li>
			<li>The Pfannenstiel incision should be an approximately 6 cm transverse skin incision and 8 cm transverse fascia incision where the midline is divided between both rectus muscles.</li>
			<li>Take caution during the extraction to avoid small bowel injury and compromising of the specimen for pathological assessment.</li>
			<li>Place one surgical drain. This drain enters through the left most trocar site, loops with 2&#8211;3 additional holes through the splenic bed, runs under the stomach, and ends next to the pancreatic stump. 
			NOTE: Care must be taken to avoid direct contact with the pancreas, artery, and vein stump.</li>
		</ol>
		</li>
		<li>Closure
		<ol>
			<li>Close the peritoneum using an absorbable braided suture and the fascia with a monofilament absorbable suture.</li>
			<li>Re-insufflate the abdomen.</li>
			<li>Confirm hemostasis at the transection planes.</li>
			<li>Revert all loops and the gastric hanging.</li>
			<li>Inspect the stomach for any injuries.</li>
			<li>Close any fascia defect larger than 5 mm using an absorbable multifilament suture.</li>
			<li>Close the skin intracutaneously using an absorbable monofilament suture.</li>
		</ol>
		</li>
	</ol>
	</li>
</ol>

<ol>
	<li>Sui, C. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Laparoscopic+versus+open+distal+pancreatectomy:+a+meta-analysis.">Laparoscopic versus open distal pancreatectomy: a meta-analysis.</a> Asian Journal of Surgery. 35, 1-8 (2012).</li><li>Venkat, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Laparoscopic+distal+pancreatectomy+is+associated+with+significantly+less+overall+morbidity+compared+to+the+open+technique:+A+systematic+review+and+meta-analysis.">Laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy is associated with significantly less overall morbidity compared to the open technique: A systematic review and meta-analysis.</a> Annals of Surgery. 255, 1048-1059 (2012).</li><li>Pericleous, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Systematic+review+and+meta-analysis+of+case-matched+studies+comparing+open+and+laparoscopic+distal+pancreatectomy:+is+it+a+safe+procedure.">Systematic review and meta-analysis of case-matched studies comparing open and laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy: is it a safe procedure.</a> Pancreas. 41, 993-1000 (2012).</li><li>Jin, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+systematic+review+and+meta-analysis+of+studies+comparing+laparoscopic+and+open+distal+pancreatectomy.">A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies comparing laparoscopic and open distal pancreatectomy.</a> HPB. 14, 711-724 (2012).</li><li>Jusoh, A. C., Ammori, B. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Laparoscopic+versus+open+distal+pancreatectomy:+a+systematic+review+of+comparative+studies.">Laparoscopic versus open distal pancreatectomy: a systematic review of comparative studies.</a> Surgical Endoscopy. 26, 904-913 (2012).</li><li>Xie, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Laparoscopic+distal+pancreatectomy+is+as+safe+and+feasible+as+open+procedure:+A+meta-analysis.">Laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy is as safe and feasible as open procedure: A meta-analysis.</a> World Journal of Gastroenterology. 18, 1959-1967 (2012).</li><li>De Rooij, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Minimally+Invasive+Versus+Open+Distal+Pancreatectomy+(LEOPARD):+A+Multicenter+Patient-blinded+Randomized+Controlled+Trial.">Minimally Invasive Versus Open Distal Pancreatectomy (LEOPARD): A Multicenter Patient-blinded Randomized Controlled Trial.</a> Annals of Surgery. 269, 2-9 (2019).</li><li>Kim, S. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparative+analysis+of+clinical+outcomes+for+laparoscopic+distal+pancreatic+resection+and+open+distal+pancreatic+resection+at+a+single+institution.">Comparative analysis of clinical outcomes for laparoscopic distal pancreatic resection and open distal pancreatic resection at a single institution.</a> Surgical Endoscopy. 22, 2261-2268 (2008).</li><li>Mehta, S. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Laparoscopic+versus+open+distal+pancreatectomy:+A+single-institution+case-control+study.">Laparoscopic versus open distal pancreatectomy: A single-institution case-control study.</a> Surgical Endoscopy. 26, 402-407 (2012).</li><li>Melotti, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Laparoscopic+distal+pancreatectomy:+Results+on+a+consecutive+series+of+58+patients.">Laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy: Results on a consecutive series of 58 patients.</a> Annals of Surgery. 246, 77-82 (2007).</li><li>Abu Hilal, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Laparoscopic+versus+open+distal+pancreatectomy:+A+clinical+and+cost-effectiveness+study.">Laparoscopic versus open distal pancreatectomy: A clinical and cost-effectiveness study.</a> Surgical Endoscopy. 26, 1670-1674 (2012).</li><li>Richardson, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Implementation+of+enhanced+recovery+programme+for+laparoscopic+distal+pancreatectomy:+Feasibility,+safety+and+cost+analysis.">Implementation of enhanced recovery programme for laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy: Feasibility, safety and cost analysis.</a> Pancreatology. 15, 185-190 (2015).</li><li>Abu Hilal, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Laparoscopic+distal+pancreatectomy:+Critical+analysis+of+preliminary+experience+from+a+tertiary+referral+centre.">Laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy: Critical analysis of preliminary experience from a tertiary referral centre.</a> Surgical Endoscopy. 23, 2743-2747 (2009).</li><li>van Hilst, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Minimally+Invasive+versus+Open+Distal+Pancreatectomy+for+Ductal+Adenocarcinoma+(DIPLOMA):+A+Pan-European+Propensity+Score+Matched+Study.">Minimally Invasive versus Open Distal Pancreatectomy for Ductal Adenocarcinoma (DIPLOMA): A Pan-European Propensity Score Matched Study.</a> Annals of Surgery. 269, 10-17 (2019).</li><li>Strasberg, S. M., Drebin, J. A., Linehan, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Radical+antegrade+modular+pancreatosplenectomy.">Radical antegrade modular pancreatosplenectomy.</a> Surgery. 133, 521-527 (2003).</li><li>Abu Hilal, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Laparoscopic+radical+'no-touch'+left+pancreatosplenectomy+for+pancreatic+ductal+adenocarcinoma:+technique+and+results.">Laparoscopic radical 'no-touch' left pancreatosplenectomy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: technique and results.</a> Surgical Endoscopy. 30, 3830-3838 (2016).</li><li>Abu Hilal, M., Takhar, A. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Laparoscopic+left+pancreatectomy:+Current+concepts.">Laparoscopic left pancreatectomy: Current concepts.</a> Pancreatology. 13, 443-448 (2013).</li><li>De Rooij, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pan-European+survey+on+the+implementation+of+minimally+invasive+pancreatic+surgery+with+emphasis+on+cancer.">Pan-European survey on the implementation of minimally invasive pancreatic surgery with emphasis on cancer.</a> HPB. 18, 170-176 (2016).</li><li>Van Hilst, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Worldwide+survey+on+opinions+and+use+of+minimally+invasive+pancreatic+resection.">Worldwide survey on opinions and use of minimally invasive pancreatic resection.</a> HPB. 19, 190-204 (2017).</li><li>Yang, D. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+oncological+safety+in+minimally+invasive+versus+open+distal+pancreatectomy+for+pancreatic+ductal+adenocarcinoma:+a+systematic+review+and+meta-analysis.">The oncological safety in minimally invasive versus open distal pancreatectomy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.</a> Scientific Reports. 9, 1159 (2019).</li><li>Van Hilst, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Oncologic+outcomes+of+minimally+invasive+versus+open+distal+pancreatectomy+for+pancreatic+ductal+adenocarcinoma:+A+systematic+review+and+meta-analysis.">Oncologic outcomes of minimally invasive versus open distal pancreatectomy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis.</a> European Journal of Surgical Oncology. 45, 719-727 (2018).</li><li>O'Morchoe, C. C. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Lymphatic+system+of+the+pancreas.">Lymphatic system of the pancreas.</a> Microscopy Research and Technique. 37, 456-477 (1997).</li><li>Van Hilst, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Distal+pancreatectomy,+minimally+invasive+or+open,+for+malignancy.">Distal pancreatectomy, minimally invasive or open, for malignancy.</a> ISRCTN Registry. , (2019).</li><li>Ducreux, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cancer+of+the+pancreas:+ESMO+Clinical+Practice+Guidelines+for+diagnosis,+treatment+and+follow-up.">Cancer of the pancreas: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up.</a> Annals of Oncology Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology. 26, 56-68 (2015).</li><li>Dokmak, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Double+Gastric+Hanging+for+Gastric+Exposure+in+Laparoscopic+Distal+Pancreatectomy.">Double Gastric Hanging for Gastric Exposure in Laparoscopic Distal Pancreatectomy.</a> Digestive Surgery. , 1-6 (2019).</li><li>Asbun, H. J., Stauffer, J. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Laparoscopic+approach+to+distal+and+subtotal+pancreatectomy:+A+clockwise+technique.">Laparoscopic approach to distal and subtotal pancreatectomy: A clockwise technique.</a> Surgical Endoscopy. 25, 2643-2649 (2011).</li><li>Kim, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Optimal+stapler+cartridge+selection+according+to+the+thickness+of+the+pancreas+in+distal+pancreatectomy.">Optimal stapler cartridge selection according to the thickness of the pancreas in distal pancreatectomy.</a> The American Journal of Medicine. 95, 0 (2016).</li><li>Hirota, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pancreatoduodenectomy+using+a+no-touch+isolation+technique.">Pancreatoduodenectomy using a no-touch isolation technique.</a> The American Journal of Surgery. 199, 65-68 (2010).</li><li>Magge, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparative+effectiveness+of+minimally+invasive+and+open+distal+pancreatectomy+for+ductal+adenocarcinoma.">Comparative effectiveness of minimally invasive and open distal pancreatectomy for ductal adenocarcinoma.</a> JAMA Surgery. 148, 525-531 (2013).</li><li>Kooby, D. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Left-sided+pancreatectomy:+A+multicenter+comparison+of+laparoscopic+and+open+approaches.">Left-sided pancreatectomy: A multicenter comparison of laparoscopic and open approaches.</a> Annals of Surgery. 248, 438-446 (2008).</li><li>Stauffer, J. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparison+of+open+with+laparoscopic+distal+pancreatectomy:+A+single+institution's+transition+over+a+7-year+period.">Comparison of open with laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy: A single institution's transition over a 7-year period.</a> HPB. 15, 149-155 (2013).</li><li>Baker, M. S., Bentrem, D. J., Ujiki, M. B., Stocker, S., Talamonti, M. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+prospective+single+institution+comparison+of+peri-operative+outcomes+for+laparoscopic+and+open+distal+pancreatectomy.">A prospective single institution comparison of peri-operative outcomes for laparoscopic and open distal pancreatectomy.</a> Surgery. 146, 635-643 (2009).</li><li>Jayaraman, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Laparoscopic+Distal+Pancreatectomy+Evolution+of+a+Technique+at+a+Single+Institution.">Laparoscopic Distal Pancreatectomy Evolution of a Technique at a Single Institution.</a> ACS. 211, 503-509 (2010).</li><li>van Rijssen, L. B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Variation+in+hospital+mortality+after+pancreatoduodenectomy+is+related+to+failure+to+rescue+rather+than+major+complications:+a+nationwide+audit.">Variation in hospital mortality after pancreatoduodenectomy is related to failure to rescue rather than major complications: a nationwide audit.</a> HPB. 20, 759-767 (2018).</li><li>de Rooij, T., Sitarz, R., Busch, O. R., Besselink, M. G., Abu Hilal, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Technical+Aspects+of+Laparoscopic+Distal+Pancreatectomy+for+Benign+and+Malignant+Disease:+Review+of+the+Literature.">Technical Aspects of Laparoscopic Distal Pancreatectomy for Benign and Malignant Disease: Review of the Literature.</a> Gastroenterology of Research and Practice. 2015, 472906 (2015).</li></ol>

The authors have nothing to disclose.

Advantages of the technique 
LRLP is a standardized, reproducible, and safe procedure if performed by experienced surgeons. Moreover, this minimally invasive procedure offers low intraoperative blood loss, early mobilization, and short hospital stays as confirmed by the LEOPARD trial7. Surgery for pancreatic cancer must aim for a radical resection, adequate lymphadenectomy, and a no-touch dissection to prevent seeding and dissemination of tumor cells16...

Surgical resection combined with systemic chemotherapy is the most effective treatment for resectable pancreatic cancer. Several meta-analyses have shown comparable results for minimally invasive and open distal pancreatectomy for benign and premalignant disease1,2,3,4,5,6. Recently, the first multicenter randomized trial demonstrated a shorter time to functional recovery using laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy (LDP) as compared to open distal pancreatectomy (ODP)7. Although minimally invasive techniques have been shown to be safe and feasible for left pancreatectomy when performed by experienced surgeons8,9,10,11,12,13, the non-inferiority of minimally invasive surgery compared to the open surgical approach for the treatment of pancreatic cancer is still debated14,15,16,17. A pan-European survey showed that 31% of pancreatic surgeons considered ODP superior to minimally invasive distal pancreatectomy (MIDP) in terms of oncological margins and lymphadenectomy in pancreatic cancer18. On both a European and global level, 19&#8211;20% of participating surgeons considered malignancy a contraindication for a minimally invasive approach18,19.
Given the current lack of randomized controlled trials on the effectiveness of MIDP, the only available data to compare the procedures are limited to retrospective and prospective cohort studies. In a recent systematic review and meta-analysis on oncological safety in MIDP versus ODP for pancreatic cancer, no differences between the two groups regarding oncologic outcomes (OR = 0.49, p = 0.12) and overall survival (OS = 3 years, HR = 1.03, p = 0.66; OS = 5 years, HR = 0.91, p = 0.59) were seen20. Another systematic review showed comparable outcomes for MIDP versus ODP in overall survival and a somewhat surprising higher margin-negative (R0) resection rate but at the cost of a lower lymph node dissection in MIDP21.
The radical antegrade modular pancreatosplenectomy (RAMPS) technique, as described by Strasberg in 2003, aims to perform a better, radical resection of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) in the body or the tail of the pancreas including resection of Gerota&#8217;s fascia15. The laparoscopic radical left pancreatectomy (LRLP) technique, as described by Abu Hilal et al.16, aims to obtain the same results but during minimally invasive surgery by combining a formal lymphadenectomy with the no-touch technique. Hereby, a radical oncological resection can be obtained with a minimized risk of tumor dissemination and seeding15,22. The standardization of this technique allows for reproducibility and adoption in different health care centers. This paper describes LRLP, because this technique is currently used in the international, multicenter randomized DIPLOMA trial16,23.

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Arietta Ultrasound</td>
			<td>Hitachi</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Intraoperative laparoscopic ultrasonography</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Autosuture Endo Clip applier 5 mm</td>
			<td>Covidien</td>
			<td>176620</td>
			<td>Sling use clip applier, 5 mm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Blue reload for Echelon 60</td>
			<td>Ethicon</td>
			<td>GST60B</td>
			<td>Regular tissue thickness, open staple height 3.6 mm, closed staple height 1.5 mm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ECHELON FLEX ENDOPATH 60mm Stapler</td>
			<td>Ethicon</td>
			<td>GST60T</td>
			<td>Powered surgical stapler with gripping surface technology</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Endo Catch II Pouch 15 mm</td>
			<td>Covidien</td>
			<td>173049</td>
			<td>For single lymph node extractions a cut off finger surgical glove can be used.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Green reload for Echelon 60</td>
			<td>Ethicon</td>
			<td>GST60G</td>
			<td>Thick tissue thickness, open staple height 4.1 mm, closed staple height 2.0 mm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Harmonic Advanced Hemostasis 36 cm</td>
			<td>Ethicon</td>
			<td>HARH36</td>
			<td>Curved tip, energy sealing and dissecting, diameter 5 mm, length 36 cm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hem-o-lok Clips MLX</td>
			<td>Weck Surgical Instruments, Teleflex Medical, Durham, NC</td>
			<td>544230</td>
			<td>Vascular clip 3 mm &#8211; 10 mm Size Range</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hem-o-lok clips Xl</td>
			<td>Weck Surgical Instruments, Teleflex Medical, Durham, NC</td>
			<td>544250</td>
			<td>Vascular clip 7 mm &#8211; 16 mm Size Range</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hem-o-Lok Polymer Ligation System</td>
			<td>Weck Surgical Instruments, Teleflex Medical, Durham, NC</td>
			<td>544965</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>LigaSure Dolphin Tip Laparoscopic Sealer/Divider</td>
			<td>Medtronic</td>
			<td>LS1500</td>
			<td>Dolphin-nose tip sealer and divider, 37 cm shaft</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>White reload for Echelon 60</td>
			<td>Ethicon</td>
			<td>GST60W</td>
			<td>Mesentery/thin tissue thickness, open staple height 2.6 mm, closed staple height 1.0 mm</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

laparoscopic radical left pancreatectomy for pancreatic cancer: surgical strategy and technique video

Radical resection margins, resection of Gerota&#8217;s (perirenal) fascia, and adequate lymph node dissection are crucial for an adequate oncological resection of left-sided pancreatic cancer. Several surgical techniques have been described in recent years, but few were specifically designed for minimally invasive approaches. This study describes and demonstrates a standardized and reproducible technique for an adequate oncological resection of pancreatic cancer: laparoscopic radical left pancreatectomy (LRLP).
A 61-year-old woman presented with an incidental finding of a 3 cm mass in the left pancreas suspect for malignancy. Imaging did not reveal distant metastases, central vascular involvement, or morbid obesity, hence the patient was suitable for LRLP. This study describes the main steps of LRLP for pancreatic cancer. First, the lesser sac is opened by transecting the gastrocolic ligament. The splenic flexure of the colon is mobilized and the inferior border of the pancreas including Gerota&#39;s fascia is dissected down to the inferior border of the spleen. The pancreas is tunneled and hung, including Gerota&#8217;s fascia with a vessel loop. At the pancreatic neck, a tunnel is created between the pancreas and the portal vein, likewise a vessel loop is passed. The pancreas is then transected using the graded compression technique with an endostapler. Both the splenic vein and artery are transected before completing the resection. The entire specimen is extracted in a retrieval bag via a small Pfannenstiel incision.
Duration of the surgery was 210 min with 250 mL blood loss. Pathology revealed a R0-resection (&#62;1 mm) of a well-to-moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma originating from an intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm. A total of 15 tumor-negative lymph nodes were resected. This is a detailed description of LRLP for left-sided pancreatic cancer as is currently being used within the international, multicenter randomized DIPLOMA (Distal Pancreatectomy Minimally Invasive or Open for PDAC) trial.

A 61-year-old woman presented with mild liver dysfunction at the surgical outpatient clinic. On both CT and MRI scans, an incidental finding of a 3 cm mass in the pancreatic tail suspect for malignancy was seen with potential involvement of the left adrenal gland (See Figure 2). No distant metastasis or lymph node involvement was seen on the preoperative contrast-enhanced CT scan. Therefore, the patient was deemed suitable for a minimally invasive approach.
The to...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Laparoscopic Radical Left Pancreatectomy for Pancreatic Cancer: Surgical Strategy and Technique Video at JoVE.com

Laparoscopic Radical Left Pancreatectomy for Pancreatic Cancer: Surgical Strategy and Technique Video

Oncologically safe left pancreatectomy requires radical resection (R0), Gerota&#8217;s (perirenal) fascia resection, and adequate lymph node dissection. This study describes the technical details of laparoscopic radical left pancreatectomy (LRLP), used in the first international multicenter randomized trial comparing minimally invasive with open left pancreatectomy for pancreatic cancer, the DIPLOMA trial.

Radical resection margins, resection of Gerota&#8217;s (perirenal) fascia, and adequate lymph node dissection are crucial for an adequate oncological ...

laparoscopic-radical-left-pancreatectomy-for-pancreatic-cancer

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

9.3K Views.  University of Amsterdam. Oncologically safe left pancreatectomy requires radical resection (R0), Gerota’s (perirenal) fascia resection, and adequate lymph node dissection. This study describes the technical details of laparoscopic radical left pancreatectomy (LRLP), used in the first international multicenter randomized trial comparing minimally invasive with open left pancreatectomy for pancreatic cancer, the DIPLOMA trial.

Video: Laparoscopic Radical Left Pancreatectomy for Pancreatic Cancer: Surgical Strategy and Technique Video

Voluntary Breath-hold Technique for Reducing Heart Dose in Left Breast Radiotherapy

Breath-holding techniques reduce the amount of radiation received by cardiac structures during tangential-field left breast radiotherapy. With these techniques, patients hold their breath while radiotherapy is delivered, pushing the heart down and away from the radiotherapy field. Despite clear dosimetric benefits, these techniques are not yet in widespread use. One reason for this is that commercially available solutions require specialist equipment, necessitating not only significant capital investment, but often also incurring ongoing costs such as a need for daily disposable mouthpieces. The voluntary breath-hold technique described here does not require any additional specialist equipment. All breath-holding techniques require a surrogate to monitor breath-hold consistency and whether breath-hold is maintained. Voluntary breath-hold uses the distance moved by the anterior and lateral reference marks (tattoos) away from the treatment room lasers in breath-hold to monitor consistency at CT-planning and treatment setup. Light fields are then used to monitor breath-hold consistency prior to and during radiotherapy delivery.

The current priority in breast cancer radiotherapy is to reduce cardiac doses without compromising target tissue coverage. The voluntary breath-hold technique described here is a simple, inexpensive solution to this problem and capable of being instituted widely without the need for specialized equipment.

Breath-holding techniques reduce the amount of radiation received by cardiac structures during tangential-field left breast radiotherapy. With these ...

Application of End-to-end Anastomosis in Robotic Central Pancreatectomy

Central pancreatectomy is carried out for the treatment of benign or low-malignant potential tumors located in the pancreatic neck or proximal part of pancreatic body. With technological development, the robotic surgical system has shown its advantage in minimally invasive surgery and been increasingly applied in central pancreatectomy. However, reconstruction of the continuity of pancreas with end-to-end anastomosis after robotic central pancreatectomy has not been applied. In this study, we report surgical techniques for robotic central pancreatectomy with end-to-end anastomosis. The pancreas is reconstructed by duct-to-duct anastomosis of the pancreatic duct with a pancreatic stent inserted in the two stumps of pancreatic duct, and by end-to-end anastomosis of the pancreatic parenchyma. Compared with traditional central pancreatectomy with pancreaticoenteric anastomosis, this approach decreases the operative injury to the patient, and also conserves the integrity and continuity of the digestive duct and pancreatic duct. The robotic surgical system integrated with multiple instruments with flexible and precise movement is particularly suitable for the dissection and reconstruction of the pancreatic duct. We found that robotic central pancreatectomy with end-to-end anastomosis is safe and feasible, and we need more experience to evaluate its best indications and long-term outcomes.

The robotic central pancreatectomy with end-to-end anastomosis is feasible and safe for tumor in the pancreatic neck and proximal portion of pancreatic body. The operative techniques of this operation are presented.

Central pancreatectomy is carried out for the treatment of benign or low-malignant potential tumors located in the pancreatic neck or proximal part of ...

Generating a Murine Orthotopic Metastatic Breast Cancer Model and Performing Murine Radical Mastectomy

In vivo mouse models to assess breast cancer progression are essential for cancer research, including preclinical drug developments. However, the majority of the practical and technical details are commonly omitted in published manuscripts which, therefore, makes it challenging to reproduce the models, particularly when it involves surgical techniques. Bioluminescence technology allows for the evaluation of small amounts of cancer cells even when a tumor is not palpable. Utilizing luciferase-expressing cancer cells, we establish a breast cancer orthotopic inoculation technique with a high tumorigenesis rate. Lung metastasis is assessed utilizing an ex vivo technique. We, then, establish a mastectomy model with a low local recurrence rate to assess the metastatic tumor burden. Herein, we describe, in detail, the surgical techniques of orthotopic implantation and mastectomy for breast cancer with a high tumorigenesis rate and low local recurrence rates, respectively, to improve breast cancer model efficiency.

We introduce a murine orthotopic breast cancer model and radical mastectomy model with bioluminescence technology to quantify the tumor burden to mimic human breast cancer progression.

In vivo mouse models to assess breast cancer progression are essential for cancer research, including preclinical drug developments. However, the majority ...

DIPLOMA Approach for Standardized Pathology Assessment of Distal Pancreatectomy Specimens

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal malignant cancers. A minority (20%) of PDACs are found in the pancreatic body and tail. Accurate pathology assessment of the pancreatic specimen is essential for providing prognostic information and it may guide further treatment strategies. The recent 8th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer/Union for International Cancer Control (AJCC/UICC) staging system for pancreatic tumors has incorporated significant changes to tumor (pT) stage, which is predominantly based on tumor size. This change emphasizes the importance of careful block selection. Owing to the greater prevalence of tumors in the head of the pancreas, efforts are made to standardize the assessment of pancreatoduodenectomy specimens. However, consensus regarding the macroscopic assessment of distal (i.e., left) pancreatectomy specimens is lacking. The DIPLOMA approach includes the standardized measurement of pancreas and other resected organs, inking of relevant surgical margins and anatomical surfaces without removing covering layers of fat, measurement of tumor size (for T-stage), together with assessment of splenic vessel involvement (and other organs if present). All relevant margins are assessed, and relevant blocks are selected to confirm these parameters microscopically. The current protocol describes a standardized approach to the macroscopic assessment of distal pancreatectomy specimens. This approach was developed during several meetings with pathologists and surgeons during the preparation phase for an international multicenter trial (DIPLOMA, ISRCTN44897265), which focuses on radicality of distal pancreatectomy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. This standardized approach can be instrumental in the design of studies and will uniform reporting on the outcomes of distal pancreatectomy. The described technique is used in the DIPLOMA trial for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma but may also be useful for other indications.

The current study highlights a standardized approach to the macroscopic assessment of distal pancreatectomy specimens for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, with special emphasis on the measurement of pancreatic dimensions and those of other organs, inking of margins, measurement of tumor size and proximity to margins, lymph node sampling and block selection.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal malignant cancers. A minority (20%) of PDACs are found in the pancreatic body and tail. ...

Organotypic Slice Cultures as Preclinical Models of Tumor Microenvironment in Primary Pancreatic Cancer and Metastasis

Realistic preclinical models of primary pancreatic cancer and metastasis are urgently needed to test the therapy response ex vivo and facilitate personalized patient treatment. However, the absence of tumor-specific microenvironment in currently used models, e.g., patient-derived cell lines and xenografts, only allows limited predictive insights. Organotypic slice cultures (OTSCs) comprise intact multicellular tissue, which can be rapidly used for the spatially resolved drug response testing.
This protocol describes the generation and cultivation of viable tumor slices of pancreatic cancer and its metastasis. Briefly, tissue is casted in low melt agarose and stored in cold isotonic buffer. Next, tissue slices of 300 &#181;m thickness are generated with a vibratome. After preparation, slices are cultured at an air-liquid interface using cell culture inserts and an appropriate cultivation medium. During cultivation, changes in cell differentiation and viability can be monitored. Additionally, this technique enables the application of treatment to viable human tumor tissue ex vivo and subsequent downstream analyses, such as transcriptome and proteome profiling.
OTSCs provide a unique opportunity to test the individual treatment response ex vivo and identify individual transcriptomic and proteomic profiles associated with the respective response of distinct slices of a tumor. OTSCs can be further explored to identify therapeutic strategies to personalize treatment of primary pancreatic cancer and metastasis.

This protocol describes the preparation of organotypic slice cultures (OTSCs). This technique facilitates the ex vivo cultivation of intact multicellular tissue. OTSCs can be used immediately to test for their respective response to drugs in a multicellular environment.

Realistic preclinical models of primary pancreatic cancer and metastasis are urgently needed to test the therapy response ex vivo and facilitate ...

Laparoscopic Pancreatoduodenectomy for Pancreatic Cancer Using In-Situ No-Touch Isolation Technique

Laparoscopic pancreatoduodenectomy (LPD) is a standard radical operation for pancreatic head malignant tumors by now. Due to the complex laparoscopic resection and reconstruction techniques, it is difficult to perform LPD for patients with locally advanced pancreatic head cancer after neoadjuvant therapy. Our team initiates LPD using the in-situ No-Touch isolation technique. The innovation and optimization of this modified No-Touch isolation technique emphasize exploring the distal section of superior mesenteric vein&#160;(SMV) and the left side of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) prior to evaluating the resectability by subcolonic mesenteric approach, which is an ideal exploring approach. After that, we use the median-anterior, and left-posterior of SMA approaches to cut off the blood flow of the pancreatic head to make the tumor isolated intact, then move and dissect the tumor. It is a process fitting the surgical principle of tumor-free. This article aims to demonstrate the feasibility and safety of performing LPD using the in-situ No-Touch isolation technique, which might elevate the R0 resection rate. It is an oncological ideal operation process.

Laparoscopic Pancreatoduodenectomy for Pancreatic Cancer Using In-Situ No-Touch Isolation Technique

No-Touch isolation procedures might prevent the dissemination of cancer cells from the primary tumor. However, these techniques are not widely accepted in laparoscopic pancreatoduodenectomy (LPD) by now. We herein present in-situ No-Touch isolation LPD with partial resection and reconstruction of the superior mesenteric vein (SMV) for pancreatic cancer after neoadjuvant therapy.

Laparoscopic pancreatoduodenectomy (LPD) is a standard radical operation for pancreatic head malignant tumors by now. Due to the complex laparoscopic ...

Laparoscopic Radical Antegrade Modular Pancreatosplenectomy via Dorsal-Caudal Artery Approach for Pancreatic Neck-Body Cancer

Laparoscopic radical resection of the pancreatic neck is one of the most complicated radical operations for pancreatic cancer, especially for patients who have had neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Here, we present a technique to perform laparoscopic radical antegrade modular pancreatosplenectomy (L-RAMPS) using the dorsal-caudal artery approach by making full use of the high-definition vision and operation modes of the laparoscope.
The innovation and optimization of this operation are provided in the protocol. Priority should be given to the dorsal resection plane, including the dorsal side of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA), the dorsal side of the pancreatic head, the root of the celiac artery (CeA), the ventral side of the left renal vessels, and the renal hilum. On the condition that the operation for pancreatic neck-body cancer is feasible and safe, the second step is to perform tumor resection en bloc surrounding the SMA and CeA from the caudal to the cephalic side to increase the rate of R0 (radical zero) resection and further prognosis.

Laparoscopic Radical Antegrade Modular Pancreatosplenectomy via Dorsal-Caudal Artery Approach for Pancreatic Neck-Body Cancer

With advancements in laparoscopic techniques, laparoscopic radical antegrade modular pancreatosplenectomy (L-RAMPS) has been widely recognized. However, owing to several technical difficulties in this procedure, the artery-first approach in L-RAMPS still remains uncommon. Here, we developed the dorsal-caudal artery approach for L-RAMPS, which might be safe and beneficial for pancreatic neck tumors.

Laparoscopic radical resection of the pancreatic neck is one of the most complicated radical operations for pancreatic cancer, especially for patients who ...

Application of Laparoscopic Hepatectomy Combined with Intraoperative Microwave Ablation in Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastasis

Laparoscopic hepatectomy is a common treatment for colorectal cancer liver metastasis. Previously, a sufficient number of functional liver masses had to be maintained during laparoscopic hepatectomy, with a residual liver volume of &gt;40% in cirrhotic patients and &gt;30% in non-cirrhotic patients. The high incidence of complications such as bleeding, bile leakage, or liver failure due to the exposure and difficulty of the resection of specific liver segments such as S2 and S7 reduces the success rate of liver resection. At present, microwave ablation is mainly applied in the treatment of liver metastasis using a percutaneous approach, which makes it difficult to identify hidden parts or small lesions. For some liver segments, the percutaneous puncture of liver segment 7 (S7) is likely to pass through the thoracic cavity, and the percutaneous puncture of liver segment 2 (S2) adjacent to the diaphragm is likely to injure the diaphragm and heart; these issues restrict the application of percutaneous ablation in colorectal cancer liver metastasis. Considering multiple lesions, laparoscopic microwave ablation combined with hepatectomy was performed in this study. The location of the lesions was determined by contrast-enhanced ultrasound under laparoscopy, and small lesions that were difficult to detect before the operation were identified. For the scattered lesions, which had diameters less than 3 cm and were difficult to resect, ablation was adopted to substitute hepatectomy. This technique helped to more explicitly locate the tumors, simplified the operation procedures, reduced the risk of complications such as bleeding and bile leakage, shortened the operation time, accelerated the postoperative recovery, significantly improved the success rate of operation, and enhanced the clinical prognosis of colorectal cancer liver metastasis by surgical resection.

This protocol describes the laparoscopic resection of colorectal cancer liver metastases combined with ultrasound-guided microwave ablation. This technique can safely, effectively, and accurately treat refractory liver metastases &lt;3 cm, reduce postoperative complications, and accelerate the postoperative rehabilitation of patients.

Laparoscopic hepatectomy is a common treatment for colorectal cancer liver metastasis. Previously, a sufficient number of functional liver masses had to ...

Laparoscopic Posterior Radical Antegrade Modular Pancreatosplenectomy for Distal Pancreatic Carcinoma

Distal pancreatic carcinoma is a highly malignant tumor with strong invasiveness, often growing to the edge of the pancreas and penetrating the pancreatic capsule to infiltrate surrounding tissues. In conventional distal pancreatosplenectomy (DPS), tumor cells are prone to spread along the direction of blood and lymphatic reflux due to surgical compression. Additionally, inflammation makes it challenging to achieve R0 resection, leading to a lower patient survival rate. To address these limitations, radical antegrade modular pancreatosplenectomy (RAMPS) was developed, emphasizing deeper excision, including the left anterior renal fascia, the left anterior renal adipose sac, and even the left adrenal gland, to improve the R0 resection rate. With the advancement of minimally invasive surgical techniques, laparoscopic RAMPS (L-RAMPS) is being considered technically safe and feasible in oncology. However, due to technical difficulties and a lack of supporting evidence for clinical application, only a few institutions are currently conducting L-RAMPS. In this context, this article presents detailed techniques for laparoscopic posterior radical antegrade modular pancreatosplenectomy (L-pRAMPS), offering promise for future clinical applications.

Laparoscopic radical antegrade modular pancreatosplenectomy (L-RAMPS) is currently considered technically safe and feasible. However, due to technical challenges and a lack of supporting evidence for widespread clinical applications, only a limited number of institutions are currently conducting L-RAMPS. This article aims to provide detailed techniques for laparoscopic posterior radical antegrade modular pancreatosplenectomy.

Distal pancreatic carcinoma is a highly malignant tumor with strong invasiveness, often growing to the edge of the pancreas and penetrating the pancreatic ...

Laparoscopic Duodenum-Preserving Pancreatic Head Resection via Inferior Infracolic Approach: A Surgical Approach for Benign Lesions

Minimally invasive pancreatic resections are gaining popularity despite being technically demanding. However, in contrast to laparoscopic pancreatoduodenectomy (LPD), laparoscopic duodenum-preserving pancreatic head resection (LDPPHR) has not yet obtained wide acceptance. This could be attributed to the technical challenges involved in preserving the blood supply of the duodenum and bile duct.
This study describes and demonstrates all the steps of LDPPHR. A 48-year-old woman was diagnosed with a 3.0 cm x 2.5 cm pancreatic head cystic mass, which was detected unexpectedly. The surgery was performed using the 3D laparoscopy via an inferior infracolic approach. The operation lasted approximately 310 min with 100 mL of blood loss. Postoperatively, the patient experienced no complications and was discharged 5 days later. Pathology revealed intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms.
LDPPHR via an inferior infracolic approach is feasible and safe when performed by experienced surgeons in selected patients with thin mesenteric fat layers. The described technique for LDPPHR via inferior infracolic approach should be well standardized and performed at high-volume centers with experienced surgeons in both open and laparoscopic pancreatology.

This article provides a whole technical process of laparoscopic duodenum-preserving pancreatic head resection via an inferior infracolic approach. This is a surgical approach for benign tumors without intraoperative fluorescence image guidance.