Name: laparoscopic radical left pancreatectomy for pancreatic cancer: surgical strategy and technique video
Uploaded: 2020-06-06T12:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Laparoscopic Radical Left Pancreatectomy for Pancreatic Cancer: Surgical Strategy and Technique Video at JoVE.com

This technique was originally described by Abu Hilal et al.16.

1. Patient Selection
<ol>
	<li>Select patients with an upfront resectable pancreatic cancer in the pancreas body or tail visible on a recent contrast enhanced CT scan (maximum of 4 weeks old) without downstaging neoadjuvant therapy.</li>
	<li>Exclude patients with metastatic disease or vascular involvement of vessels other than the splenic vein or artery24.</li>
	<li>During training, it is best to exclude patients with a body max index (BMI) &#62; 35 kg/m2, recurrent acute or chronic ...

<ol>
	<li>Sui, C. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Laparoscopic+versus+open+distal+pancreatectomy:+a+meta-analysis.">Laparoscopic versus open distal pancreatectomy: a meta-analysis.</a> Asian Journal of Surgery. 35, 1-8 (2012).</li><li>Venkat, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Laparoscopic+distal+pancreatectomy+is+associated+with+significantly+less+overall+morbidity+compared+to+the+open+technique:+A+systematic+review+and+meta-analysis.">Laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy is associated with significantly less overall morbidity compared to the open technique: A systematic review and meta-analysis.</a> Annals of Surgery. 255, 1048-1059 (2012).</li><li>Pericleous, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Systematic+review+and+meta-analysis+of+case-matched+studies+comparing+open+and+laparoscopic+distal+pancreatectomy:+is+it+a+safe+procedure.">Systematic review and meta-analysis of case-matched studies comparing open and laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy: is it a safe procedure.</a> Pancreas. 41, 993-1000 (2012).</li><li>Jin, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+systematic+review+and+meta-analysis+of+studies+comparing+laparoscopic+and+open+distal+pancreatectomy.">A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies comparing laparoscopic and open distal pancreatectomy.</a> HPB. 14, 711-724 (2012).</li><li>Jusoh, A. C., Ammori, B. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Laparoscopic+versus+open+distal+pancreatectomy:+a+systematic+review+of+comparative+studies.">Laparoscopic versus open distal pancreatectomy: a systematic review of comparative studies.</a> Surgical Endoscopy. 26, 904-913 (2012).</li><li>Xie, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Laparoscopic+distal+pancreatectomy+is+as+safe+and+feasible+as+open+procedure:+A+meta-analysis.">Laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy is as safe and feasible as open procedure: A meta-analysis.</a> World Journal of Gastroenterology. 18, 1959-1967 (2012).</li><li>De Rooij, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Minimally+Invasive+Versus+Open+Distal+Pancreatectomy+(LEOPARD):+A+Multicenter+Patient-blinded+Randomized+Controlled+Trial.">Minimally Invasive Versus Open Distal Pancreatectomy (LEOPARD): A Multicenter Patient-blinded Randomized Controlled Trial.</a> Annals of Surgery. 269, 2-9 (2019).</li><li>Kim, S. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparative+analysis+of+clinical+outcomes+for+laparoscopic+distal+pancreatic+resection+and+open+distal+pancreatic+resection+at+a+single+institution.">Comparative analysis of clinical outcomes for laparoscopic distal pancreatic resection and open distal pancreatic resection at a single institution.</a> Surgical Endoscopy. 22, 2261-2268 (2008).</li><li>Mehta, S. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Laparoscopic+versus+open+distal+pancreatectomy:+A+single-institution+case-control+study.">Laparoscopic versus open distal pancreatectomy: A single-institution case-control study.</a> Surgical Endoscopy. 26, 402-407 (2012).</li><li>Melotti, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Laparoscopic+distal+pancreatectomy:+Results+on+a+consecutive+series+of+58+patients.">Laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy: Results on a consecutive series of 58 patients.</a> Annals of Surgery. 246, 77-82 (2007).</li><li>Abu Hilal, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Laparoscopic+versus+open+distal+pancreatectomy:+A+clinical+and+cost-effectiveness+study.">Laparoscopic versus open distal pancreatectomy: A clinical and cost-effectiveness study.</a> Surgical Endoscopy. 26, 1670-1674 (2012).</li><li>Richardson, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Implementation+of+enhanced+recovery+programme+for+laparoscopic+distal+pancreatectomy:+Feasibility,+safety+and+cost+analysis.">Implementation of enhanced recovery programme for laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy: Feasibility, safety and cost analysis.</a> Pancreatology. 15, 185-190 (2015).</li><li>Abu Hilal, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Laparoscopic+distal+pancreatectomy:+Critical+analysis+of+preliminary+experience+from+a+tertiary+referral+centre.">Laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy: Critical analysis of preliminary experience from a tertiary referral centre.</a> Surgical Endoscopy. 23, 2743-2747 (2009).</li><li>van Hilst, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Minimally+Invasive+versus+Open+Distal+Pancreatectomy+for+Ductal+Adenocarcinoma+(DIPLOMA):+A+Pan-European+Propensity+Score+Matched+Study.">Minimally Invasive versus Open Distal Pancreatectomy for Ductal Adenocarcinoma (DIPLOMA): A Pan-European Propensity Score Matched Study.</a> Annals of Surgery. 269, 10-17 (2019).</li><li>Strasberg, S. M., Drebin, J. A., Linehan, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Radical+antegrade+modular+pancreatosplenectomy.">Radical antegrade modular pancreatosplenectomy.</a> Surgery. 133, 521-527 (2003).</li><li>Abu Hilal, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Laparoscopic+radical+'no-touch'+left+pancreatosplenectomy+for+pancreatic+ductal+adenocarcinoma:+technique+and+results.">Laparoscopic radical 'no-touch' left pancreatosplenectomy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: technique and results.</a> Surgical Endoscopy. 30, 3830-3838 (2016).</li><li>Abu Hilal, M., Takhar, A. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Laparoscopic+left+pancreatectomy:+Current+concepts.">Laparoscopic left pancreatectomy: Current concepts.</a> Pancreatology. 13, 443-448 (2013).</li><li>De Rooij, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pan-European+survey+on+the+implementation+of+minimally+invasive+pancreatic+surgery+with+emphasis+on+cancer.">Pan-European survey on the implementation of minimally invasive pancreatic surgery with emphasis on cancer.</a> HPB. 18, 170-176 (2016).</li><li>Van Hilst, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Worldwide+survey+on+opinions+and+use+of+minimally+invasive+pancreatic+resection.">Worldwide survey on opinions and use of minimally invasive pancreatic resection.</a> HPB. 19, 190-204 (2017).</li><li>Yang, D. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+oncological+safety+in+minimally+invasive+versus+open+distal+pancreatectomy+for+pancreatic+ductal+adenocarcinoma:+a+systematic+review+and+meta-analysis.">The oncological safety in minimally invasive versus open distal pancreatectomy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.</a> Scientific Reports. 9, 1159 (2019).</li><li>Van Hilst, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Oncologic+outcomes+of+minimally+invasive+versus+open+distal+pancreatectomy+for+pancreatic+ductal+adenocarcinoma:+A+systematic+review+and+meta-analysis.">Oncologic outcomes of minimally invasive versus open distal pancreatectomy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis.</a> European Journal of Surgical Oncology. 45, 719-727 (2018).</li><li>O'Morchoe, C. C. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Lymphatic+system+of+the+pancreas.">Lymphatic system of the pancreas.</a> Microscopy Research and Technique. 37, 456-477 (1997).</li><li>Van Hilst, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Distal+pancreatectomy,+minimally+invasive+or+open,+for+malignancy.">Distal pancreatectomy, minimally invasive or open, for malignancy.</a> ISRCTN Registry. , (2019).</li><li>Ducreux, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cancer+of+the+pancreas:+ESMO+Clinical+Practice+Guidelines+for+diagnosis,+treatment+and+follow-up.">Cancer of the pancreas: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up.</a> Annals of Oncology Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology. 26, 56-68 (2015).</li><li>Dokmak, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Double+Gastric+Hanging+for+Gastric+Exposure+in+Laparoscopic+Distal+Pancreatectomy.">Double Gastric Hanging for Gastric Exposure in Laparoscopic Distal Pancreatectomy.</a> Digestive Surgery. , 1-6 (2019).</li><li>Asbun, H. J., Stauffer, J. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Laparoscopic+approach+to+distal+and+subtotal+pancreatectomy:+A+clockwise+technique.">Laparoscopic approach to distal and subtotal pancreatectomy: A clockwise technique.</a> Surgical Endoscopy. 25, 2643-2649 (2011).</li><li>Kim, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Optimal+stapler+cartridge+selection+according+to+the+thickness+of+the+pancreas+in+distal+pancreatectomy.">Optimal stapler cartridge selection according to the thickness of the pancreas in distal pancreatectomy.</a> The American Journal of Medicine. 95, 0 (2016).</li><li>Hirota, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pancreatoduodenectomy+using+a+no-touch+isolation+technique.">Pancreatoduodenectomy using a no-touch isolation technique.</a> The American Journal of Surgery. 199, 65-68 (2010).</li><li>Magge, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparative+effectiveness+of+minimally+invasive+and+open+distal+pancreatectomy+for+ductal+adenocarcinoma.">Comparative effectiveness of minimally invasive and open distal pancreatectomy for ductal adenocarcinoma.</a> JAMA Surgery. 148, 525-531 (2013).</li><li>Kooby, D. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Left-sided+pancreatectomy:+A+multicenter+comparison+of+laparoscopic+and+open+approaches.">Left-sided pancreatectomy: A multicenter comparison of laparoscopic and open approaches.</a> Annals of Surgery. 248, 438-446 (2008).</li><li>Stauffer, J. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparison+of+open+with+laparoscopic+distal+pancreatectomy:+A+single+institution's+transition+over+a+7-year+period.">Comparison of open with laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy: A single institution's transition over a 7-year period.</a> HPB. 15, 149-155 (2013).</li><li>Baker, M. S., Bentrem, D. J., Ujiki, M. B., Stocker, S., Talamonti, M. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+prospective+single+institution+comparison+of+peri-operative+outcomes+for+laparoscopic+and+open+distal+pancreatectomy.">A prospective single institution comparison of peri-operative outcomes for laparoscopic and open distal pancreatectomy.</a> Surgery. 146, 635-643 (2009).</li><li>Jayaraman, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Laparoscopic+Distal+Pancreatectomy+Evolution+of+a+Technique+at+a+Single+Institution.">Laparoscopic Distal Pancreatectomy Evolution of a Technique at a Single Institution.</a> ACS. 211, 503-509 (2010).</li><li>van Rijssen, L. B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Variation+in+hospital+mortality+after+pancreatoduodenectomy+is+related+to+failure+to+rescue+rather+than+major+complications:+a+nationwide+audit.">Variation in hospital mortality after pancreatoduodenectomy is related to failure to rescue rather than major complications: a nationwide audit.</a> HPB. 20, 759-767 (2018).</li><li>de Rooij, T., Sitarz, R., Busch, O. R., Besselink, M. G., Abu Hilal, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Technical+Aspects+of+Laparoscopic+Distal+Pancreatectomy+for+Benign+and+Malignant+Disease:+Review+of+the+Literature.">Technical Aspects of Laparoscopic Distal Pancreatectomy for Benign and Malignant Disease: Review of the Literature.</a> Gastroenterology of Research and Practice. 2015, 472906 (2015).</li></ol>

Advantages of the technique 
LRLP is a standardized, reproducible, and safe procedure if performed by experienced surgeons. Moreover, this minimally invasive procedure offers low intraoperative blood loss, early mobilization, and short hospital stays as confirmed by the LEOPARD trial7. Surgery for pancreatic cancer must aim for a radical resection, adequate lymphadenectomy, and a no-touch dissection to prevent seeding and dissemination of tumor cells16...

Surgical resection combined with systemic chemotherapy is the most effective treatment for resectable pancreatic cancer. Several meta-analyses have shown comparable results for minimally invasive and open distal pancreatectomy for benign and premalignant disease1,2,3,4,5,6. Recently, the first multicenter randomized trial demonstrated a shorter time to functional recovery using laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy (LDP) as compared to open distal pancreatectomy (ODP)7. Although minimally invasive techniques have been shown to be safe and feasible for left pancreatectomy when performed by experienced surgeons8,9,10,11,12,13, the non-inferiority of minimally invasive surgery compared to the open surgical approach for the treatment of pancreatic cancer is still debated14,15,16,17. A pan-European survey showed that 31% of pancreatic surgeons considered ODP superior to minimally invasive distal pancreatectomy (MIDP) in terms of oncological margins and lymphadenectomy in pancreatic cancer18. On both a European and global level, 19&#8211;20% of participating surgeons considered malignancy a contraindication for a minimally invasive approach18,19.
Given the current lack of randomized controlled trials on the effectiveness of MIDP, the only available data to compare the procedures are limited to retrospective and prospective cohort studies. In a recent systematic review and meta-analysis on oncological safety in MIDP versus ODP for pancreatic cancer, no differences between the two groups regarding oncologic outcomes (OR = 0.49, p = 0.12) and overall survival (OS = 3 years, HR = 1.03, p = 0.66; OS = 5 years, HR = 0.91, p = 0.59) were seen20. Another systematic review showed comparable outcomes for MIDP versus ODP in overall survival and a somewhat surprising higher margin-negative (R0) resection rate but at the cost of a lower lymph node dissection in MIDP21.
The radical antegrade modular pancreatosplenectomy (RAMPS) technique, as described by Strasberg in 2003, aims to perform a better, radical resection of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) in the body or the tail of the pancreas including resection of Gerota&#8217;s fascia15. The laparoscopic radical left pancreatectomy (LRLP) technique, as described by Abu Hilal et al.16, aims to obtain the same results but during minimally invasive surgery by combining a formal lymphadenectomy with the no-touch technique. Hereby, a radical oncological resection can be obtained with a minimized risk of tumor dissemination and seeding15,22. The standardization of this technique allows for reproducibility and adoption in different health care centers. This paper describes LRLP, because this technique is currently used in the international, multicenter randomized DIPLOMA trial16,23.

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Arietta Ultrasound</td>
			<td>Hitachi</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Intraoperative laparoscopic ultrasonography</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Autosuture Endo Clip applier 5 mm</td>
			<td>Covidien</td>
			<td>176620</td>
			<td>Sling use clip applier, 5 mm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Blue reload for Echelon 60</td>
			<td>Ethicon</td>
			<td>GST60B</td>
			<td>Regular tissue thickness, open staple height 3.6 mm, closed staple height 1.5 mm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ECHELON FLEX ENDOPATH 60mm Stapler</td>
			<td>Ethicon</td>
			<td>GST60T</td>
			<td>Powered surgical stapler with gripping surface technology</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Endo Catch II Pouch 15 mm</td>
			<td>Covidien</td>
			<td>173049</td>
			<td>For single lymph node extractions a cut off finger surgical glove can be used.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Green reload for Echelon 60</td>
			<td>Ethicon</td>
			<td>GST60G</td>
			<td>Thick tissue thickness, open staple height 4.1 mm, closed staple height 2.0 mm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Harmonic Advanced Hemostasis 36 cm</td>
			<td>Ethicon</td>
			<td>HARH36</td>
			<td>Curved tip, energy sealing and dissecting, diameter 5 mm, length 36 cm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hem-o-lok Clips MLX</td>
			<td>Weck Surgical Instruments, Teleflex Medical, Durham, NC</td>
			<td>544230</td>
			<td>Vascular clip 3 mm &#8211; 10 mm Size Range</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hem-o-lok clips Xl</td>
			<td>Weck Surgical Instruments, Teleflex Medical, Durham, NC</td>
			<td>544250</td>
			<td>Vascular clip 7 mm &#8211; 16 mm Size Range</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hem-o-Lok Polymer Ligation System</td>
			<td>Weck Surgical Instruments, Teleflex Medical, Durham, NC</td>
			<td>544965</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>LigaSure Dolphin Tip Laparoscopic Sealer/Divider</td>
			<td>Medtronic</td>
			<td>LS1500</td>
			<td>Dolphin-nose tip sealer and divider, 37 cm shaft</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>White reload for Echelon 60</td>
			<td>Ethicon</td>
			<td>GST60W</td>
			<td>Mesentery/thin tissue thickness, open staple height 2.6 mm, closed staple height 1.0 mm</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

laparoscopic radical left pancreatectomy for pancreatic cancer: surgical strategy and technique video

Radical resection margins, resection of Gerota&#8217;s (perirenal) fascia, and adequate lymph node dissection are crucial for an adequate oncological resection of left-sided pancreatic cancer. Several surgical techniques have been described in recent years, but few were specifically designed for minimally invasive approaches. This study describes and demonstrates a standardized and reproducible technique for an adequate oncological resection of pancreatic cancer: laparoscopic radical left pancreatectomy (LRLP).
A 61-year-old woman presented with an incidental finding of a 3 cm mass in the left pancreas suspect for malignancy. Imaging did not reveal distant metastases, central vascular involvement, or morbid obesity, hence the patient was suitable for LRLP. This study describes the main steps of LRLP for pancreatic cancer. First, the lesser sac is opened by transecting the gastrocolic ligament. The splenic flexure of the colon is mobilized and the inferior border of the pancreas including Gerota&#39;s fascia is dissected down to the inferior border of the spleen. The pancreas is tunneled and hung, including Gerota&#8217;s fascia with a vessel loop. At the pancreatic neck, a tunnel is created between the pancreas and the portal vein, likewise a vessel loop is passed. The pancreas is then transected using the graded compression technique with an endostapler. Both the splenic vein and artery are transected before completing the resection. The entire specimen is extracted in a retrieval bag via a small Pfannenstiel incision.
Duration of the surgery was 210 min with 250 mL blood loss. Pathology revealed a R0-resection (&#62;1 mm) of a well-to-moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma originating from an intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm. A total of 15 tumor-negative lymph nodes were resected. This is a detailed description of LRLP for left-sided pancreatic cancer as is currently being used within the international, multicenter randomized DIPLOMA (Distal Pancreatectomy Minimally Invasive or Open for PDAC) trial.

A 61-year-old woman presented with mild liver dysfunction at the surgical outpatient clinic. On both CT and MRI scans, an incidental finding of a 3 cm mass in the pancreatic tail suspect for malignancy was seen with potential involvement of the left adrenal gland (See Figure 2). No distant metastasis or lymph node involvement was seen on the preoperative contrast-enhanced CT scan. Therefore, the patient was deemed suitable for a minimally invasive approach.
The to...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Laparoscopic Radical Left Pancreatectomy for Pancreatic Cancer: Surgical Strategy and Technique Video at JoVE.com

Laparoscopic Radical Left Pancreatectomy for Pancreatic Cancer: Surgical Strategy and Technique Video

Oncologically safe left pancreatectomy requires radical resection (R0), Gerota&#8217;s (perirenal) fascia resection, and adequate lymph node dissection. This study describes the technical details of laparoscopic radical left pancreatectomy (LRLP), used in the first international multicenter randomized trial comparing minimally invasive with open left pancreatectomy for pancreatic cancer, the DIPLOMA trial.

Radical resection margins, resection of Gerota&#8217;s (perirenal) fascia, and adequate lymph node dissection are crucial for an adequate oncological ...

Laparoscopic radical left pancreatectomy for malignancy. Adequate lymph node dissection and radical resection margins are crucial in obtaining safe oncological dissection of tumors in distal pancreatectomy. We demonstrate all steps of the laparoscopic radical left pancreatectomy as described by Abu Hilal, et al.A 61-year-old woman presented with an incidental finding of a three centimeter mass, suspect for malignancy, in the pancreatic tail. No distant metastasis, nor lymph node involvement was present on the preoperative CT scan. The patient was suitable for minimally invasive approach.The operative steps comprised trocar placement, five distinct surgical phases, and closure of the trocar sites. The pneumoperitoneum is created by a Veress needle in the left hypochondrium. First, a diagnostic laparoscopy is performed to exclude peritoneal and liver metastasis.Hereafter, the additional trocars are placed as shown. The exposure phase enables adequate handling of the pancreatic tail and identification of major vessels and planes. After opening the gastrocolic ligament, the short gastric vessels are dissected and ligated in preparation of spleen resection.The stomach is detached from the pancreas and retracted anteriorly. To do so, an umbilical tape is placed around the stomach as described by The anterior plane of the pancreas is now exposed. This enables identification of the splenic vein at the inferior border of the pancreas and incision of Gerota's fascia that remains with the pancreatic specimen.Remember, the inferior mesenteric vein could be inserted into the splenic vein at this position. Therefore, it is wise to consult imaging of this area. The splenic artery is localized at the superior margin of the pancreas.The next step is pancreatic hanging and dissection of Gerota's fascia. First, the pancreatocolic ligament and the splenocolic ligament can be transected. Especially, Gerota's fascia can be transected to expose the anterior aspect of the kidney.Now the pancreas is tunneled at the lateral position. Then it is lifted with the hanging technique. This includes Gerota's fascia that remains with the pancreatic specimen.The splenic and hepatic artery are clearly identified. The splenic artery is either occluded using a bulldog clamp or transected using Hem-o-lok clips or a stapler. Special care should be taken not to mistake the hepatic artery for the splenic artery.The now limited splenic perfusion reduces blood loss during dissection. Secondly in this phase, the pancreatic neck is tunneled and lifted using the same hanging technique. Additional posterior exposure is created anteriorly of the splenic vein.At this area, the stapler will be inserted. The next step is the pancreatic transection. The stapler is closed gently until a resistance is felt.At this point, the surgeon should wait until the resistance is decreased before continuing with compression. This creative compression technique as described by takes four to five minutes and is crucial to avoid rupture of the pancreatic capsule. If needed, sutures for further closure can be applied to the pancreatic stump.From here, the first point of tension will be transection of the splenic vein. After lifting the splenic vein, it is transected either with Hem-o-lok clips or a vascular stapler. The next operative step is the lymph node dissection.Carefully and meticulously, the arteries are freed of lymphatics. Lymphadenectomy should be extended to the left border of the aorta and the left side of the superior mesenteric artery. The left gastric artery should be preserved while performing lymphadenectomy around it.Finally, the dissection is proceeded laterally towards the spleen where any further attachment tissue is taken. Attention should be directed to the dissection of the spleen starting with the gastrosplenic ligament. The spleen is detached from the retroperitoneal adhesions.The last phase is the extraction of the specimen and drain placement. Once free, the specimen is removed with an endobag through a Pfannenstiel incision. The camera should be turned 180 degrees downward to the inferior part of the abdomen.Once surgical drain is placed, this drain enters through the most left-side trocar site and has two extra side holes cut at the location of the splenic fossa for better drainage. Care is taken to avoid direct contact with the pancreas, artery, and vein stump. The fascia of the 12 millimeter port is closed using Vicryl sutures and skin intracutaneously.The total duration of the procedure was 210 minutes with an estimated blood loss of 250 milliliters. Histopathology revealed an R0 resection of a good to moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma. It originated from an intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm.A total of 15 tumor negative lymph nodes were resected. This is a detailed description of a laparoscopic radical left pancreatectomy for cancer as performed within the DIPLOMA trial.

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