Name: inguinal subcutaneous white adipose tissue (iswat) transplantation model of murine islets
Uploaded: 2020-02-16T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Inguinal Subcutaneous White Adipose Tissue ISWAT Transplantation Model of Murine Islets at JoVE.com

This work was supported by grants from National Key R&#38;D Program of China (2017YFC1103704)Special Funds for the Construction of High Level Hospitals in Guangdong Province (2019), Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen (SZSM201412020), Fund for High Level Medical Discipline Construction of Shenzhen (2016031638), Shenzhen Foundation of Science and Technology (JCJY20160229204849975, GJHZ20170314171357556), Shenzhen Foundation of Health and Family Planning Commission (SZXJ2017021SZXJ2018059), Medical Scientific Research Foundation of Guangdong Province of China (A2019218), China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2018M633218).

All procedures in this protocol followed the principles of animal welfare of the Ethics Review Committee of Shenzhen Second People&#39;s Hospital. Islet graft recipients and donors were 8- to 10-week-old C57BL/6 male mice purchased from the Medical Animal Center of Guangdong Province. The procedure of the harvesting, isolation, culture, or administration of the harvested cells were carried out in aseptic conditions.
1. Islet preparation
<ol>
	<li>Prepare a collagenase Type V working solution...

<ol>
	<li>Cho, N. H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=IDF+Diabetes+Atlas:+Global+estimates+of+diabetes+prevalence+for+2017+and+projections+for+2045.">IDF Diabetes Atlas: Global estimates of diabetes prevalence for 2017 and projections for 2045.</a> Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice. 138, 271-281 (2018).</li><li>Shapiro, A. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Islet+transplantation+in+seven+patients+with+type+1+diabetes+mellitus+using+a+glucocorticoid-free+immunosuppressive+regimen.">Islet transplantation in seven patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus using a glucocorticoid-free immunosuppressive regimen.</a> New England Journal of Medicine. 343 (4), 230-238 (2000).</li><li>McCall, M., Shapiro, A. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Update+on+islet+transplantation.">Update on islet transplantation.</a> Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine. 2 (7), 007823 (2012).</li><li>Pathak, V., Pathak, N. M., O'Neill, C. L., Guduric-Fuchs, J., Medina, R. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Therapies+for+Type+1+Diabetes:+Current+Scenario+and+Future+Perspectives.">Therapies for Type 1 Diabetes: Current Scenario and Future Perspectives.</a> Clinical Medicine Insights: Endocrinology and Diabetes. 12, 1179551419844521 (2019).</li><li>Bottino, R., Knoll, M. F., Knoll, C. A., Bertera, S., Trucco, M. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+Future+of+Islet+Transplantation+Is+Now.">The Future of Islet Transplantation Is Now.</a> Frontiers in Medicine (Lausanne). 5, 202 (2018).</li><li>Stokes, R. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transplantation+sites+for+human+and+murine+islets.">Transplantation sites for human and murine islets.</a> Diabetologia. 60 (10), 1961-1971 (2017).</li><li>van der Windt, D. J., Echeverri, G. J., Ijzermans, J. N., Cooper, D. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+choice+of+anatomical+site+for+islet+transplantation.">The choice of anatomical site for islet transplantation.</a> Cell Transplantation. 17 (9), 1005-1014 (2008).</li><li>Addison, P., Fatakhova, K., Rodriguez Rilo, H. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Considerations+for+an+Alternative+Site+of+Islet+Cell+Transplantation.">Considerations for an Alternative Site of Islet Cell Transplantation.</a> Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology. , (2019).</li><li>Pepper, A. R., Bruni, A., Shapiro, A. M. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Clinical+islet+transplantation:+is+the+future+finally+now.">Clinical islet transplantation: is the future finally now.</a> Current Opinion in Organ Transplantation. 23 (4), 428-439 (2018).</li><li>Bellin, M. D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Similar+islet+function+in+islet+allotransplant+and+autotransplant+recipients,+despite+lower+islet+mass+in+autotransplants.">Similar islet function in islet allotransplant and autotransplant recipients, despite lower islet mass in autotransplants.</a> Transplantation. 91 (3), 367-372 (2011).</li><li>Bruni, A., Gala-Lopez, B., Pepper, A. R., Abualhassan, N. S., Shapiro, A. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Islet+cell+transplantation+for+the+treatment+of+type+1+diabetes:+recent+advances+and+future+challenges.">Islet cell transplantation for the treatment of type 1 diabetes: recent advances and future challenges.</a> Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy. 7, 211-223 (2014).</li><li>Smood, B., Bottino, R., Hara, H., Cooper, D. K. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Is+the+renal+subcapsular+space+the+preferred+site+for+clinical+porcine+islet+xenotransplantation?+Review+article.">Is the renal subcapsular space the preferred site for clinical porcine islet xenotransplantation? Review article.</a> International Journal of Surgery and Medicine. 69, 100-107 (2019).</li><li>Luan, N. M., Iwata, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Long-term+allogeneic+islet+graft+survival+in+prevascularized+subcutaneous+sites+without+immunosuppressive+treatment.">Long-term allogeneic islet graft survival in prevascularized subcutaneous sites without immunosuppressive treatment.</a> American Journal of Transplantation. 14 (7), 1533-1542 (2014).</li><li>Yasunami, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+Novel+Subcutaneous+Site+of+Islet+Transplantation+Superior+to+the+Liver.">A Novel Subcutaneous Site of Islet Transplantation Superior to the Liver.</a> Transplantation. 102 (6), 945-952 (2018).</li><li>Rajab, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Islet+transplantation:+alternative+sites.">Islet transplantation: alternative sites.</a> Current Diabetes Reports. 10 (5), 332-337 (2010).</li><li>Ekser, B., Vagefi, P. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Search+for+the+best+site+in+islet+xenotransplantation.">Search for the best site in islet xenotransplantation.</a> International Journal of Surgery and Medicine. 70, 106-107 (2019).</li><li>Lu, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+Method+for+Islet+Transplantation+to+the+Omentum+in+Mouse.">A Method for Islet Transplantation to the Omentum in Mouse.</a> Journal of Visualized Experiments. (143), e57160 (2019).</li><li>Neuman, J. C., Truchan, N. A., Joseph, J. W., Kimple, M. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+method+for+mouse+pancreatic+islet+isolation+and+intracellular+cAMP+determination.">A method for mouse pancreatic islet isolation and intracellular cAMP determination.</a> Journal of Visualized Experiments. (88), e50374 (2014).</li><li>Zmuda, E. J., Powell, C. A., Hai, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+method+for+murine+islet+isolation+and+subcapsular+kidney+transplantation.">A method for murine islet isolation and subcapsular kidney transplantation.</a> Journal of Visualized Experiments. (50), e2096 (2011).</li><li>Khatri, R., Hussmann, B., Rawat, D., Gurol, A. O., Linn, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Intraportal+Transplantation+of+Pancreatic+Islets+in+Mouse+Model.">Intraportal Transplantation of Pancreatic Islets in Mouse Model.</a> Journal of Visualized Experiments. (135), e57559 (2018).</li><li>Carter, J. D., Dula, S. B., Corbin, K. L., Wu, R., Nunemaker, C. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+practical+guide+to+rodent+islet+isolation+and+assessment.">A practical guide to rodent islet isolation and assessment.</a> Biological Procedures Online. 11, 3-31 (2009).</li></ol>

Pancreas islet transplantation is a promising therapy to treat T1DM. The effect of this therapy is affected by many factors and choosing an optimal site for islet implantation is extremely important. The ideal anatomical site for islet transplantation should have the following characteristics: accessibility for simple transplantation, biopsy, and graft retrieval procedures; reduced complications; high success rate of blood glucose control; and long-term survival of the islet grafts15,<s...

The worldwide incidence and prevalence of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) are quickly rising, according to the statistical data of the International Diabetes Federation (IDF)1. Islet transplantation is one of the most promising approaches for treating T1DM4. Since the great breakthrough made in clinical islet transplantation using the Edmonton protocol2 was reported, functioning islet graft survival in T1DM recipients after 5 years now reaches about 50%3.
In the past, several transplantation sites, such as the liver, kidney capsule, spleen, intramuscular region, subcutaneous space, bone marrow, and omental pouch were explored for experimental islet transplantation5,6,7. Some of the above sites have been tested in clinical settings8. Although islet transplantation into the liver remains the most widely used method in clinical application at present9, there are several important problems to address when using this site. For instance, how to reduce early loss of the transplanted islets caused by the instant blood mediated inflammatory reaction (IBMIR) and poor oxygenation supply10,11 and how to retrieve the islet grafts if necessary, because they diffusely localize in the liver. The renal capsule may be an ideal site for rodent recipients. However, the tight kidney capsule limits the transplantation of sufficient allogeneic islets in humans, although it may be a better fit for islet xenotransplantation due to the highly purified porcine islet preparations used clinically5,12. Therefore, the search for a more suitable site for islet transplantation is in progress.
The subcutaneous space may be used as a clinically applicable site for islet transplantation due to its accessibility. However, the efficiency of islet transplantation into the subcutaneous space is extremely low, thus requiring a relatively large number of islets to reverse hyperglycemia13. Recently, a Japanese research team found the ISWAT, a novel subcutaneous site superior for islet transplantation in a murine model when compared to the liver14. The ISWAT contains the epigastric artery and vein, so the rich blood supply may ensure islet graft revascularization. In this manuscript, we propose an easy implantation method using a basement membrane matrix hydrogel to fix syngeneic murine islets in the ISWAT. This protocol proves effective for islet transplantation.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>0.22 &#956;m Syringe-driven Filter Unit</td>
			<td>Merck Millipore</td>
			<td>SLHV033RB</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1.5 mL centrifuge tube</td>
			<td>Axygen</td>
			<td>MCT-150-C</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>5 mL Pasteur pipette</td>
			<td>JingAn Biological, China</td>
			<td>J00085</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>5 mL syringe</td>
			<td>Szboon, China</td>
			<td>20170829</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>50 mL conical tube</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>430829</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>5-0 surgical suture</td>
			<td>sh-Jinhuan, China</td>
			<td>CR537</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>60 mL syringe</td>
			<td>Szboon, China</td>
			<td>20170623</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>75% Ethanol</td>
			<td>LIRCON, China</td>
			<td>9180527</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Alexa Fluor 488 donkey anti-mouse IgG(H+L)</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>A21202</td>
			<td>Dilution (1:200)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>anti-mouse Glucagon antibody</td>
			<td>Abcam</td>
			<td>ab10988</td>
			<td>Dilution (1:100)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>anti-mouse insulin antibody</td>
			<td>Cell Signaling Technology</td>
			<td>3014s</td>
			<td>Dilution (1:100)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>blunt-pointed perfusion needle</td>
			<td>Oloey, China</td>
			<td>005</td>
			<td>32G, yellow</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BSA</td>
			<td>Meilune, China</td>
			<td>MB4219</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>C57BL/6 Mice</td>
			<td>Medical Animal Center of Guangdong Province</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>8~10 weeks</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>cell culture dish</td>
			<td>BIOFIL, China</td>
			<td>TCD000100</td>
			<td>General,Non-treated,87.8 mm diameter</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>centrifuge</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td>ST16R</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>cephalosporin</td>
			<td>Lukang medical, China</td>
			<td>150303</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CMRL-1066</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>C0422</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Codos Pet Clipper</td>
			<td>Szcodos, China</td>
			<td>CP-8000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>collagenase Type V</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>C9262</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DAPI</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher</td>
			<td>D1306</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>D-hank&#39;s buffer</td>
			<td>Coolaber, China</td>
			<td>PM5140-10</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>dithizone</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>D5130</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dnase I</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>D4263</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Eosin staining media</td>
			<td>Beyotime Biotech, China</td>
			<td>C0109</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>FBS</td>
			<td>GE Healthcare Life Sciences</td>
			<td>SH30084</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>fluorescein diacetate (FDA)</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher</td>
			<td>F1303</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>fluorescent microscope</td>
			<td>Leica</td>
			<td>DMIL</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>gel-loading pipet tips</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>CLS4884</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>HBSS</td>
			<td>Coolaber, China</td>
			<td>PM5150-10</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>hematoxylin staining media</td>
			<td>Cell Signaling Technology</td>
			<td>14166S</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>HISTOPAQUE-1077</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>RNBG0522</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>HISTOPAQUE-1119</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>RNBG0536</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hydrogel</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>356234</td>
			<td>Basement Membrane Matrix</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Iodophor</td>
			<td>LIRCON, China</td>
			<td>5190313</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>light-tight culture dish</td>
			<td>DVS, China</td>
			<td>AN-5058548</td>
			<td>self-made, glass dish sprayed with black paint</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Medical Adhesive Tape</td>
			<td>Cofoe, China</td>
			<td>K12001</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>non-invasive microtweezers</td>
			<td>RWD Life Science</td>
			<td>F11033-11 and F12016-15</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>One Touch ultraeasy Basic blood glucose monitoring system</td>
			<td>Johnson &#38; Johnson</td>
			<td>33391713</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ophthalmic scissors</td>
			<td>RWD Life Science</td>
			<td>S12012-12 and S11001-08</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>P/S (penicillin / streptomycin)</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>15140-122</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>pentobarbital sodium</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>P-010</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Propidium iodide</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>P4864</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>STZ (streptozotocin)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>S0130</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Test Strip</td>
			<td>GenUltimate</td>
			<td>100-50</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>TRITC-conjugated Goat anti-Rabbit IgG(H+L)</td>
			<td>proteintech</td>
			<td>SA00007-2</td>
			<td>Dilution (1:200)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>vascular clamp</td>
			<td>RWD Life Science</td>
			<td>R31006-04</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

inguinal subcutaneous white adipose tissue (iswat) transplantation model of murine islets

Pancreatic islet transplantation is a well-established therapeutic treatment for type 1 diabetes. The kidney capsule is the most commonly used site for islet transplantation in rodent models. However, the tight kidney capsule limits the transplantation of sufficient islets in large animals and humans. The inguinal subcutaneous white adipose tissue (ISWAT), a new subcutaneous space, was found to be a potentially valuable site for islet transplantation. This site has better blood supply than other subcutaneous spaces. Moreover, the ISWAT accommodates a larger islet mass than the kidney capsule, and transplantation into it is simple. This manuscript describes the procedure of mouse islet isolation and transplantation in the ISWAT site of syngeneic diabetic mouse recipients. Using this protocol, murine pancreatic islets were isolated by standard collagenase digestion and a basement membrane matrix hydrogel was used for fixing the purified islets in the ISWAT site. The blood glucose levels of the recipient mice were monitored for more than 100 days. Islet grafts were retrieved at day 100 after transplantation for histological analysis. The protocol for islet transplantation in the ISWAT site described in this manuscript is simple and effective.

Two procedures are introduced in this protocol: murine islet preparation and islet transplantation into the ISWAT site. In the first procedure, after perfusing and digesting with Type V collagenase solution, purifying with Histopaque-1119 and Histopaque-1077 and an additional hand-picking step, the isolated murine islets will be sufficiently pure for transplantation (as shown in Figure 1) and the isolated islets that have a high viability will be used for transplantation (as shown in <strong...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Inguinal Subcutaneous White Adipose Tissue ISWAT Transplantation Model of Murine Islets at JoVE.com

Inguinal Subcutaneous White Adipose Tissue ISWAT Transplantation Model of Murine Islets

In this protocol, a method of murine islet isolation and transplantation into the inguinal subcutaneous white adipose tissue is described. Isolated syngeneic murine islets are transplanted into a murine recipient using a basement membrane hydrogel. The blood glucose level of the recipients is monitored, and histology analysis of the islet grafts is performed.

Inguinal Subcutaneous White Adipose Tissue (ISWAT) Transplantation Model of Murine Islets

Pancreatic islet transplantation is a well-established therapeutic treatment for type 1 diabetes. The kidney capsule is the most commonly used site for ...

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