Unsystematic risk refers to the uncertainty associated with individual companies or specific sectors rather than the entire stock market or economy.

There are four main types of unsystematic risks:
Business risk involves the operational challenges within a company. These risks stem from factors such as production issues, supply chain disruptions, or changes in consumer preferences. For example, if a company faces a significant problem in its supply chain, its stock prices might drop. This risk affects the company directly but does not necessarily impact the entire industry.
Financial risk is related to a company's financial structure and decisions. It arises from how a company finances its operations and growth, including using debt. If a company takes on excessive debt to fund an expansion that is not generating the expected profits, this financial strain could negatively impact its stock value. Poor financial management can lead to increased borrowing costs, reduced profitability, and potential insolvency.

Sector risk is specific to a company's industry and can arise from industry-wide changes or challenges. For instance, if increased tax regulations impact pricing within a particular industry, companies operating in that sector might see their stock prices decline. This risk affects all companies within the same sector but does not extend to the broader market.

Management risk is associated with the decisions and actions of a company's leadership. Poor management decisions can lead to significant losses and a decline in stock value. For example, if a company's management makes controversial or unethical decisions, it can damage its reputation and financial performance, decreasing stock prices.
Diversification is a crucial strategy for reducing unsystematic risk. By diversifying their investments across various industries, investors can minimize the impact of poor performance in any single investment, thereby improving their portfolios' stability and potential returns.