10.1 : 伦理学和生物伦理学

Ethics is a set of values and moral principles that shape the conduct of individuals or groups.

Bioethics is an applied ethics discipline analyzing the social, legal, and philosophical issues that arise from the connection between life sciences, medicine, and healthcare.

Ethical theories serve as a foundation for decision-making.

Deontology, an ethical theory, emphasizes the obligations and morality of actions, not the consequences. It evaluates situations based on justice and truth.

Utilitarianism theory relies on morally right or wrong actions depending on their effects. It emphasizes the outcome or consequence of an action.

Ethical theories of rights can be natural or conventional.

Natural rights are inherent to humanity, while conventional rights are created by humans that reflect societal values. A large population advocates for these rights as they are ethically correct and justifiable.

According to the theory of virtue ethics, ethical values pertain to a person's character. Having good character leads to consistent behavior. The conduct of a person flows from their character.