We thank Dr. Helene Bernstein for providing us with access to her flow cytometer. We also thank CFAR flow cytometry facility for the flow cytometry services. This project was in part supported by CTSC core utilization funding and STERIS corporation/University Hospitals-Division of Infectious diseases grant to PP.

注：使用小鼠实验是按照该机构的动物福利委员会（IACUC）的指导方针进行。 1.重构的RAG-1 - / -小鼠I N 体外培养Th17细胞（前三天感染） <ol><li>在U型底96孔板单独或联合培养它们沿着用3×104 CD4 + CD25 +的Foxp3 + Treg细胞在可溶性存在建立Th17细胞，培养的CD4 + CD44low CD62Lhigh CD25 - 幼稚T细胞（3×104） α-CD3（1微克/毫升），α-CD28（2微克/毫升）的抗体和抗原呈递细胞，Th17的条件下（使用的IL-6（25毫微克/毫升），TGF-β极化（2纳克/毫升） α-IFN-γ（2微克/毫升）和α-IL-4（2微克/毫升））为三到四天。 注：使用荧光激活细胞分选的幼稚细胞和T 暂存器被排序（FACS）的ð磁性细胞分离程序和培养如前面描述19-22。 </li><li>在第4天，再悬浮用吸管Th17细胞后，从培养物收集它们，并且离心它们在无菌条件下。 <ol><li>取一小等分这些细胞，研究其可行性和表型。重悬他们在500μlRPMI培养基中，加入碘化丙啶（200毫微克/毫升），并通过流式细胞立即评估其可行性术。通过流式细胞仪再刺激评估IL-17A生产进行分型（见6.3）。 </li></ol></li><li>离心机，在4℃下在所有的步骤洗涤细胞的主要散装在无菌PBS以480×g离心6分钟，除非另有规定。 </li><li>使用这些细胞过继转移到6-8周龄CD45.2 RAG1 - / - 免疫缺陷小鼠。 <ol><li>使用冷无菌PBS悬浮细胞以1×10 7个细胞/ ml的细胞密度。 </li><li>注入由intrap 100微升的细胞eritoneal注射，使用上1毫升结核菌素注射器地下25针，使得一只小鼠接收1×10 6个细胞。一些小鼠只接受PBS或Th17细胞，和其它的小鼠将收到的Th17细胞共培养与Treg细胞。 注：执行所有步骤无菌。 </li></ol></li></ol> 2.成长C.白色假丝酵母感染（前一天感染） <ol><li>接种前，驱散CAF2-1 C.五殖民地白色念珠菌实验室菌株在100微升无菌PBS悬浮，并将悬浮液添加到无菌肉汤。 </li><li>接种C. 5殖民地白色念珠菌在50毫升的酵母氮碱（YNB无氨基酸）/蛋白胨/右旋糖肉汤培养基，孵育在摇床培养箱中在30℃下15-18小时，在130转。 </li><li>监视肉汤为混浊，因为这是一个指示用于对真菌的生长。 </li></ol> 3. 念珠菌收获和计数过程（感染的日） <ol><li>收集10毫升念珠菌肉汤的15ml管中。对于较大的卷，收集念珠菌在50毫升管。 </li><li>离心芽生孢子在1900×g离心5分钟，在RT中的所有步骤，除非另有规定。沉淀芽生孢子通过离心，然后除去上清液。 </li><li>如果有一个以上的管，从多个管凝聚念珠菌芽生孢子，加入无菌PBS的颗粒和重悬它们在10ml PBS中用于计数。 </li><li>采取20微升的芽生孢子在1.5ml微量离心管中，加入20微升2倍多聚甲醛和在室温下孵育15-20分钟。计数采用显微镜下血球固定芽生孢子。 注意：多聚甲醛是致癌物质。打开仅在通风橱的原液。 </li><li>在此期间，重复洗涤该芽生孢子的至少两倍，通过离心吨下摆的PBS，造粒的芽生孢子。保持在15ml管中的颗粒在室温，在ABSL1罩，准备感染。 </li><li>留下一些无菌PBS在室温下重悬芽生孢子感染。 </li><li>计数后，添加无菌PBS到芽生粒料以调节酵母细胞芽生号码的酵母细胞/ ml 2×10 8。这是芽生孢子悬浮液，将被用于感染的小鼠。 注：执行所有步骤无菌。 </li></ol> 4.感染小鼠（细胞转移后3-5天） 注：基本感染过程如前面19,23-25 ​​所述进行。 <ol><li>权衡RAG-1 - / - 小鼠接受PBS或细胞三天前。 </li><li>计算的使用他们的体重麻醉剂的剂量。麻醉小鼠通过施用氯胺酮/甲苯​​噻嗪混合物（16.1毫克/毫升和1.6毫克/毫升），利用地下25针上1毫升结核菌素注射器，由INTRaperitoneal注入。 <ol><li>管理每10克的机身重量50微升。 （ 即，分别为0.8毫克氯胺酮和0.08毫克的甲苯噻嗪/ 10克体重或80毫克氯胺酮和每公斤体重甲苯噻嗪的8毫克）。观察的脚趾捏响应麻醉后，每15分钟。 注意：此剂量将诱发60-90分钟麻醉的，这是不够的感染过程。 </li><li>适用的眼用润滑剂软膏在小鼠的眼中，以防止角膜干燥。由于眼睛的润滑剂可以干出，重复眼科润滑每隔45分钟。 </li></ol></li><li>注入1毫升盐水（0.9％NaCl）中皮下注射在背部邻接到前肢，帮助麻醉期间小鼠的补液。 </li><li>获得一个新的，干净的笼子。按照感染的程序一个鼠标的时间，将每只小鼠成一旦感染新的笼子。首先执行PBS /假感染，然后进行念珠菌感染GROups。 </li><li>拿起麻醉鼠标，打开口宽透露舌根。 <ol><li>放置用50μlPBS或芽生孢子悬浮液的饱和3毫米直径棉球，舌下在口腔中90分钟。翻转小鼠每隔15分钟正面和背面，以防止肺充血，确保棉球不移动。 </li></ol></li><li>设置一个定时器，每鼠，以确保在口腔中90分钟的深水或念珠菌接种。 </li><li>让他们下的热灯（4英尺远）一个笼子，每只小鼠对热凝胶垫。 </li><li>确保该舌片从牙齿内部和远离撤出，以避免齿划破舌头。 </li><li>在90分钟结束时，从鼠的口中除去棉花球。留意任何鼠标可能从麻醉中恢复早于75分钟。在这样的情况下，只用氯胺酮（40毫克/千克）再次麻醉它们。 </li></ol> 5.后ProcedurE监测（90分钟麻醉过程中） <ol><li>在90分钟的麻醉过程中使用的热凝胶垫。 <ol><li>为了保持体温，防止窒息，不要让老鼠恢复的常规玉米芯鼠标床上用品。 </li></ol></li><li>从麻醉中恢复后，施用额外的1毫升无菌的0.9％NaCl皮下的，背面的两个位置。 </li><li>跟上五PBS（假）每笼接种小鼠。房子只有1-2元笼感染小鼠。 </li><li>每天在手术后填写过程卡缩写记下的变化的体重，疏导习惯和总体健康状况。 </li></ol> 6.评估炎症 6.1）减肥<ol><li>每天在感染期间称重小鼠，开始在感染前过程的那一天。 注：通常情况下，注射Th17细胞和不要选丁字暂存器的免疫缺陷小鼠死于20-30％的重量损失是由于增加的真菌负担19和加剧炎症。 </li></ol> 6.2）组织学舌得分<ol><li>牺牲小鼠用CO 2窒息之后颈脱位。 </li><li>打开颌骨和解剖用剪刀和镊子的舌头。使用钝钳保持舌，以及使用该剪刀接触到口腔的后部，以切开舌的后端。 </li><li>对于免疫细胞化学苏木精和曙红舌组织（H＆E）染色，冲洗舌组织用冰冷的PBS。加入5毫升10％的福尔马林2-3舌头和解决这些问题O / N在15毫升管。 <ol><li>第二天，除去福尔马林浸泡组织在5毫升70％的乙醇，以防止超固定。送他们到商业服务，继续用石蜡包埋，切片和石蜡切片染色。 注：商业组织学服务用来执行这些步骤。 </LI&gt; </ol></li><li>一旦载玻片从商业组织学服务回，等级炎症通过观察在光学显微镜下的组织切片。 <ol><li>得分从0至5，其中0是无炎症，和5是最严重的炎症。评分使用表1中的炎症。 </li></ol></li></ol> 6.3）细胞因子产量Th17细胞注意：过量TNF-α生产的读数过度免疫病理之一。当小鼠过继与Th17细胞转移只，它导致了与过度的TNF-α产生中Th17细胞相关的免疫病理学。 <ol><li>收集来自脾脏，颈部淋巴结，腋窝淋巴结和舌单细胞悬浮液，使用先前描述的方法19,26。 </li><li>重新刺激细胞与佛波醇肉豆蔻乙酸酯（PMA）（50纳克/毫升）和离子霉素（500毫微克/毫升）4小时用布雷菲德菌素A（10微克/毫升），在升加入AST 2小时。用PBS洗涤细胞，并使用根据制造商的说明商用固定/透化试剂盒解决这些问题。 </li><li>使用荧光染料缀合的抗TNF-α，抗IL-17A和ROR-γT抗体如先前19描述的执行帧内蜂窝细胞因子染色。 </li><li>简言之，将悬浮在与抗TNF-α，抗IL-17A和ROR-γT抗体，每种抗体在2的鸡尾酒的1X透化缓冲液中的细胞 - 3微克/毫升的最终浓度。 </li><li>孵育细胞1小时，在室温。 </li><li>培养后，洗涤细胞用1X透化缓冲液。 </li><li>重悬在500μlPBS中的0.5％牛血清白蛋白进行流式细胞术分析细胞沉淀。 </li></ol>

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R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Th17+cells+and+IL-17+receptor+signaling+are+essential+for+mucosal+host+defense+against+oral+candidiasis.">Th17 cells and IL-17 receptor signaling are essential for mucosal host defense against oral candidiasis.</a> J Exp Med. 206 (2), 299-311 (2009).</li><li>Kamai, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=New+model+of+oropharyngeal+candidiasis+in+mice.">New model of oropharyngeal candidiasis in mice.</a> Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy. 45 (11), 3195-3197 (2001).</li><li>Pandiyan, P., Bhaskaran, N., Zhang, Y., Weinberg, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isolation+of+T+cells+from+mouse+oral+tissues.">Isolation of T cells from mouse oral tissues.</a> Biological Procedures Online. 16 (1), 4 (2014).</li><li>Gladiator, A., Wangler, N., Trautwein-Weidner, K., LeibundGut-Landmann, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cutting+edge:+IL-17-secreting+innate+lymphoid+cells+are+essential+for+host+defense+against+fungal+infection.">Cutting edge: IL-17-secreting innate lymphoid cells are essential for host defense against fungal infection.</a> J Immunol. 190 (2), 521-525 (2013).</li><li>Leppkes, M., Roulis, M., Neurath, M. F., Kollias, G., Becker, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pleiotropic+functions+of+TNF-alpha+in+the+regulation+of+the+intestinal+epithelial+response+to+inflammation.">Pleiotropic functions of TNF-alpha in the regulation of the intestinal epithelial response to inflammation.</a> International Immunology. 26 (9), 509-515 (2014).</li><li>Bishu, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+adaptor+CARD9+is+required+for+adaptive+but+not+innate+immunity+to+oral+mucosal+Candida+albicans+infections.">The adaptor CARD9 is required for adaptive but not innate immunity to oral mucosal Candida albicans infections.</a> Infection and Immunity. 82 (3), 1173-1180 (2014).</li><li>Quintin, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Differential+role+of+NK+cells+against+Candida+albicans+infection+in+immunocompetent+or+immunocompromised+mice.">Differential role of NK cells against Candida albicans infection in immunocompetent or immunocompromised mice.</a> Eur J Immunol. 44 (8), 2405-2414 (2014).</li><li>Ramirez-Garcia, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Candida+albicans+and+cancer:+Can+this+yeast+induce+cancer+development+or+progression.">Candida albicans and cancer: Can this yeast induce cancer development or progression.</a> Critical Reviews In Microbiology. , 1-13 (2014).</li></ol>

The authors declare that they have no competing financial interests.

该模型是基于对诱导口服C.白色念珠菌感染相关的Th17细胞炎症。因为没有T 暂存器的，所述的Th17细胞诱导的炎症是无节制，并导致解决不良免疫病理学。 体外衍生的极化作为Th17细胞被用于过继转移幼稚的CD4细胞。 40 - 培养的CD4 +细胞的50％表现出约3天可检测的IL-17A的表达（Th17细胞），并因此被用于注射的小鼠。模型的主要优点是，Th17细胞引起，可有效地改善与调节</sub...

Oral infections and inflammation have been related to cancer and cardiovascular diseases, and have dramatic impact on overall human health2,3. Opportunistic infections and inflammation caused by C. albicans are associated with primary immunodeficiencies (PID)4,5, inflammatory disorders such as periodontitis 6,7, Sjogren&#8217;s syndrome, and salivary gland disease8,9, as well as oral squamous cell carcinoma 10-12. C. albicans is a dimorphic commensal fungus that colonizes the mouths of 60% of healthy humans asymptomatically, yet it is the most common fungal pathogen causing infections when the host defense is weakened13-15. It causes recurring and chronic infections and inflammation in patients with AIDS and PID, and also in other immunocompromised individuals. As a commensal, its colonization load is associated with the change in the diversity of the overall oral microbiome16. As a pathogen it causes several forms of oropharyngeal candidiasis such as acute pseudomembranous, acute atrophic, chronic atrophic, chronic hypertrophic/hyperplastic, and angular cheilitis. 
Protection against C. albicans is determined not only by host immune resistance, but also by the ability to appropriately control Candida-induced immunopathology. Although commensals such as C. albicans contribute to modulation and exacerbation of other oral inflammatory conditions, the mechanisms by which dysbiosis occur during opportunistic infections are unclear. Besides the known role of adaptive Th17 cells in memory response to C. albicans17, their role in initiation and perpetuation of inflammation pathology during chronic infections remain unclear. Furthermore, oral inflammatory diseases such as Sjogren&#8217;s syndrome and periodontitis are associated with Th17 mediated pathology. Interestingly, these diseases are also strongly associated with frequent OPC. However, the interactions among Th17 cells, oral immunopathology of OPC and other oral inflammatory diseases are unstudied. 
Although mouse models of primary and secondary infection of oral candidiasis are available, a mouse model to study Candida infection associated Th17 inflammation, especially in the context of immunodeficiency is unavailable. This study presents a method for establishing oral Th17 inflammation associated with oral Candida infection in mice. Candida infection in mice is characterized by fungal lesions, inflammation in the tongue, decreased food intake, weight loss and eventually a moribund state. Oral pathology resembles chronic candidal infection lesions, as well as epithelial dysplasia in mouse oral cancer models12,18.

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			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:380px;">CAF-2</td>
			<td style="width:411px;">University of Pittsburgh (Sarah Gaffen)</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">-</td>
			<td style="width:380px;">Candida culture</td>
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			<td height="26" style="height:26px;">U-bottom 96 well plates&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:411px;">Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">055588</td>
			<td>Used for cell culture</td>
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			<td>Polarization of cells to Th17 conditions</td>
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			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">a-CD28&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:411px;">eBiosciences</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">16-0281-85</td>
			<td>Polarization of cells to Th17 conditions</td>
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			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">m-IL-6</td>
			<td style="width:411px;">Bio Basic</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">RC232</td>
			<td>Polarization of cells to Th17 conditions</td>
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			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">h-TGF-b&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:411px;">R&#38;D</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">240-B</td>
			<td>Polarization of cells to Th17 conditions</td>
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			<td style="width:411px;">eBiosciences</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">16-7311-85</td>
			<td>Polarization of cells to Th17 conditions</td>
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			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">a-IL-4&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:411px;">eBiosciences</td>
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			<td>Polarization of cells to Th17 conditions</td>
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			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:380px;">&#945;-IL17A ef660</td>
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			<td>50-7177-82</td>
			<td>Used for cell culture - 1:50</td>
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			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:380px;">&#945;-TNFa-PE-Cy7</td>
			<td>eBiosciences</td>
			<td>25-7423-41</td>
			<td>Used for cell culture - 1:100</td>
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		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:380px;">&#945;-RORgt PE&#160;</td>
			<td>eBiosciences</td>
			<td>12-6981-82</td>
			<td>Used for cell culture - 1:50</td>
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		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;">YNB w/o amino acids)/Peptone/Dextrose broth medium&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:411px;">Bio Basic</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">S507.SIZE</td>
			<td>Mediium for candida growth</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;">Shaker incubator&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:411px;">New Brunswick Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Innova 4300</td>
			<td>Incubation growth for candida</td>
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		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:24px;">15 ml tubes</td>
			<td style="width:411px;">Bio Basic</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">BT888-SY</td>
			<td>Used for cell culture and candida growth</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;">50 ml tubes</td>
			<td style="width:411px;">Bio Basic</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">CT 788-YS</td>
			<td>Used for cell culture and candida growth</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Table top Centrifuge</td>
			<td style="width:411px;">VWR International LLC</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">82017-654</td>
			<td>For pelleting candida -900 g</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Allegra Centrifuge</td>
			<td style="width:411px;">Beckman Coulter</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">392302</td>
			<td>Cell culture - 480 g</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;">1.5 ml eppendorf tubes</td>
			<td style="width:411px;">Bio Basic</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">BT620-NS</td>
			<td>Preparing final concentration of candida</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:24px;">2x paraformaldehyde</td>
			<td style="width:411px;">Electron Microscopy Sciences</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">15710</td>
			<td>Fixing candida for count</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Hemocytometer</td>
			<td style="width:411px;">VWR International LLC</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">15170-172</td>
			<td>Counting cells</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">PBS - Phosphate Buffered Saline</td>
			<td style="width:411px;">Bio Basic</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">PD8117</td>
			<td>Preparation of buffers</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="23">
			<td height="23" style="height:23px;">Ketamine/xylazine&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:411px;">Case Western Reserve University - Animal Resource Center</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">-</td>
			<td>Obtained from ARC approved protocol for anesthesia</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Ophthalmic lubricant ointment&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:411px;">Allergan</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">-</td>
			<td>Eye ointment for animals to prevent dryness</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;">Saline (0.9% NaCl)</td>
			<td style="width:411px;">G Biosciences</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">786-561</td>
			<td>Administerd to animals to prevent dehydration</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">3-mm-diameter cotton wool ball&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:411px;">VWR International LLC</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">BP7603</td>
			<td>3 mm balls for candida infection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;">Heat gel pads</td>
			<td style="width:411px;">Case Western Reserve University - Animal Resource Center</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">-</td>
			<td>for maintaining the body temperaturre and fast recovery</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Hematoxylin and Eosin staining</td>
			<td style="width:411px;">Histoserv - MD</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">-</td>
			<td>Tissue histology</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:24px;">10% formalin&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:411px;">Electron Microscopy Sciences</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">JC1111/MC</td>
			<td>Tissue histology</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">70% ethanol&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:411px;">VWR International LLC</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">97064-490</td>
			<td>Sterilization purpose</td>
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		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">PMA - Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate</td>
			<td style="width:411px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">P1585-1MG</td>
			<td>Restimulation of cells</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Ionomycin</td>
			<td style="width:411px;">Life Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">124222 1mg</td>
			<td>Restimulation of cells</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Fixation permeabilization kit</td>
			<td style="width:411px;">eBiosciences</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">E16913-106</td>
			<td>Fixing cells for Flow cytometry</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:380px;">Tuberculin syringes</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td align="right">309659</td>
			<td>Mice injection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">25 G x 3/8 needles</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td align="right">309626</td>
			<td>Mice injection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="39">
			<td height="39" style="height:39px;">Rag1 -/- mice</td>
			<td style="width:411px;">Jackson laboratories</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Stock no: 002216</td>
			<td>Recipient mice</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">CD45.1 congenic mice</td>
			<td style="width:411px;">Jackson laboratories</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Stock no:002014&#160;</td>
			<td>Donor Th17 cells</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="39">
			<td height="39" style="height:39px;width:380px;">CB17-SCID mice</td>
			<td style="width:411px;">Jackson laboratories</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Stock no: 001303</td>
			<td>Recipient mice</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="39">
			<td height="39" style="height:39px;width:380px;">Balb/c mice</td>
			<td style="width:411px;">Jackson laboratories</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Stock no: 000651</td>
			<td>Donor Th17 cells</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

th17 inflammation model of oropharyngeal candidiasis in immunodeficient mice

Oropharyngeal Candidiasis (OPC) disease is caused not only due to the lack of host immune resistance, but also the absence of appropriate regulation of infection-induced immunopathology. Although Th17 cells are implicated in antifungal defense, their role in immunopathology is unclear. This study presents a method for establishing oral Th17 immunopathology associated with oral candidal infection in immunodeficient mice. The method is based on reconstituting lymphopenic mice with in vitro cultured Th17 cells, followed by oral infection with Candida albicans (C. albicans). Results show that unrestrained Th17 cells result in inflammation and pathology, and is associated with several measurable read-outs including weight loss, pro-inflammatory cytokine production, tongue histopathology and mortality, showing that this model may be valuable in studying OPC immunopathology. Adoptive transfer of regulatory cells (Tregs) controls and reduces the inflammatory response, showing that this model can be used to test new strategies to counteract oral inflammation. This model may also be applicable in studying oral Th17 immunopathology in general in the context of other oral diseases.

在这个模型中，无论是念珠菌 -感染的小鼠和未感染的小鼠中RAG-1 - / -背景的免疫缺陷过继与Th17细胞3-5天前，感染传送。总共10-12只小鼠用于实验，用2只小鼠中每一深水感染组，并且在每个所述念珠菌感染的群体的4-5。幼稚细胞来自同类Thy1.1的或CD45.1小鼠，使注入的Th17细胞被跟踪中使用Thy1.1的或CD45.1染色分别（ 图1A） 的体内 。联合转移的T 暂存...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Th17 Inflammation Model of Oropharyngeal Candidiasis in Immunodeficient Mice at JoVE.com

Th17 Inflammation Model of Oropharyngeal Candidiasis in Immunodeficient Mice

Although Candida infection models are available to study host immune resistance, a model to study T cell mediated immunopathology in the context of Candida infection is absent. Here we describe a method to establish Th17 immunopathology associated with oral Candida infection in immunodeficient mice.

口咽念珠菌病的免疫缺陷小鼠Th17细胞炎症模型

Oropharyngeal Candidiasis (OPC) disease is caused not only due to the lack of host immune resistance, but also the absence of appropriate regulation of ...

th17-inflammation-model-oropharyngeal-candidiasis-immunodeficient

Research

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Medicine

9.9K 次观看.  Case Western Reserve University. Although Candida infection models are available to study host immune resistance, a model to study T cell mediated immunopathology in the context of Candida infection is absent. Here we describe a method to establish Th17 immunopathology associated with oral Candida infection in immunodeficient mice. 