Name: a mouse model of subchronic and mild social defeat stress for understanding stress-induced behavioral and physiological deficits
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作者感谢博士。长冈健太郎（东京农工大学）和饭尾涉（茨城县）的有益的讨论。这项研究是由农业和医学科学（IUCAM）（文部科学省，日本）和研究项目上的农产品和健康促进的好处食品的发展（NARO）之间的茨城大学合作的部分资助（农林水产省，日本） 。

动物研究，批准并满足两个动物护理和茨城大学使用委员会和教育，文化，体育，科学部，技术部（MEXT），日本（71号通知）的准则。该协议的一个完整的概述如图 1所示。 1.仪器<ol><li>配制2种笼:单笼（宽（W）×深度研究[D]×高[H] =143毫米×293毫米×148毫米），和"社会溃败（SD）"笼（W×D× H = 220毫米×320毫米×135毫米）。 </li><li> 如图2，划分的SD笼成两个室与丙烯酸类透明板分频器（5mm厚）15圆形孔（3×5的矩阵:直径8mm）。 </li><li>获得云杉树，纯净，减肥食品颗粒和饮用水瓶用木头做刮片。此外，获得纸巾，掩模，和乳胶手套。 </li&gt; <li>对于社会互动测试，准备旷场竞技场（W×D×H =40厘米×40厘米×40厘米）采用灰聚氯乙烯，由钢（190克）的重量，和一个塑料互动盒（W ×D×H =10厘米×10厘米×13厘米; 100克）与三线目窗（W×D =5厘米×5厘米）（ 图3）。 </li><li>将CCD摄像机（2.8-12毫米; F = 1:1.4; 1/3英寸CCD）和自动跟踪系统，在行为测试室在动物设施。放置一个适当的搁板为鼠标笼在行为测试室使其习惯小鼠到测试室的环境中至少30分钟。 </li></ol> 2.习惯化的环境<ol><li>使用雄性C57BL / 6JJmsSlc（B6）小鼠的7周龄，雄SLC:ICR（ICR）小鼠超过5个月大，并提供从动物养殖公司的设施。 </li><li>独立移动两组B6小鼠（N=每组12只），以该设施;使用一组（筛选B6小鼠）筛选积极的ICR小鼠，另一组（受B6小鼠）为发展sCSDS模型。 </li><li>为了筛选自己的侵略行为引入ICR 小鼠 （n = 12）的设施。 </li><li>众议院小鼠分别单笼1周下一个12小时的明暗周期（约100勒克斯日光灯，灯上08:00）恒温（约23℃）和湿度（40％左右）为了他们，观察者到环境中。通过将使得小鼠不受相邻的小鼠的行为的笼之间白色的塑料板划分每个笼子。 </li><li>使纯化饮食的食物颗粒和反渗透水可用自由采食。使用AIN-93G食物由于其他非纯化饲粮颗粒的成分可以变化。 </li><li>测量体重，食物摄入（FI），和水的摄入的小鼠的（WI）的每一天。计算的B从最初的天ODY体重增加（BWG）。 </li></ol> 3.筛选积极ICR小鼠<ol><li> （:00-17:00 14），下午;习惯为如上所述，1周后，使用驻留-入侵者测试为3分钟试验用筛B6小鼠（8周龄入侵者）筛选ICR鼠（居民）下的大约300勒克司，在容纳室的照明。 <ol><li>具体而言，测试每个ICR小鼠每天三次试验，连续5天（共15次试验）对许多不同的B6小鼠可以找到它ICR小鼠表现出较高的侵略朝入侵者。在测试过程中，记录发作潜伏期和持续时间的攻击行为（快速动作与攻击咬）。 </li></ol></li><li>通过检查损伤伤口B6入侵者只，分别经审讯查明超积极的ICR小鼠。 </li><li>计算试验的比率，其中所述攻击延迟小于30秒作为侵略得分的第一索引。 </li><li> Calculate试验的比率，其中所述攻击延迟小于3分钟作为侵略得分的第二折射率。 </li><li>评估从第一个索引侵略分数。使用第二索引当第一索引相等。 </li><li>选择ICR小鼠具有较高的攻击得分不超攻击行为是积极的ICR小鼠。反复使用积极的ICR小鼠在整个下一组实验，直到大约12个月的年龄;然而，如上所述每个实验之前确认ICR小鼠的攻击性侵略性ICR小鼠进行筛选过程。 </li><li>筛选每次会议之后，记录筛选B6小鼠的损伤程度。如果鼠标受伤，隔离鼠标在单个笼并通过检查它的体重增加，食物摄入量和水摄入量观察进展。在影响生理和行为在小鼠中因伤重的情况下，根据当地的安乐死我他们ACUC准则。 </li></ol> 4. sCSDS <ol><li> （-6天）的初始应力曝光（第1天）和房子的天单独在单一笼小鼠将它们，观察者到环境中前7天引进主体B6小鼠。 </li><li> 1天（上 - 2日）前三天，将积极的ICR小鼠到每个SD笼子里，它是由丙烯酸分频器，让小鼠建立自己的领地，在SD笼（视B6相同数量的隔间老鼠）。 </li><li>通过使用白色的分割板，如在上述的单笼条件划分的SD笼中。 </li><li>对于非强调控制B6小鼠，制备的SD笼（小鼠数量的一半），以保持所述小鼠对;放置两只小鼠到每个隔室10天的SD笼由分频器分频。 </li><li>第1天每天BWG，FI和无线测量后，地方主体B6小鼠到SD笼中AFTE车厢（居民家笼）之一rnoon（14:00-16:00）下的约300勒克斯的房屋室内照明和测量从第一次进攻咬的身体接触的时间来完成驻地 - 入侵者试验。 </li><li>第1天，从第一次发作咬设置物理接触时间为5分钟，并且已经观察计数攻击叮咬ICR小鼠如由Miczek 等人所优先针对对手的背面或侧面的数 。20，以确定物理应力与B6小鼠的程度。 </li><li>物理接触时间后，救援受B6小鼠，检查并记录它们的皮毛状态和创伤。然后，将B6小鼠到另一个隔室旁边的ICR小鼠在SD笼子，直到暴露于物理应力的第二天。 </li><li>因为在SD笼丙烯酸分频器是透明的并且包含孔，露出主体B6小鼠对各种情绪压力，包括视觉，听觉，和嗅觉刺激，从ICR小鼠在邻近舱室换货的SD笼24小时每一天。 </li><li>每天测量BWG，FI和无线控制B6小鼠，然后将它们放置到每个隔间的SD笼1天。 </li><li>第2天，BWG，FI和无线的日常测试后，推出主题B6小鼠成其他ICR小鼠的领土暴露他们生理上的压力。 </li><li>将身体接触的时间从第2天第一次进攻咬住4.5分钟，并计算攻击咬伤的人数。 </li><li>移动控制B6小鼠成不同的车厢和改变对组合，以每天洗牌对的位置和合作伙伴。 </li><li>减少的身体接触的持续时间由每天0.5分钟，以便在第10天的持续时间从第一攻击咬设定为0.5分钟。 </li><li>在第7天，更换约一半的刨花在所有在SD笼隔间。 </li><li>接触到的最后一个物理应力在第10天之后，将受B6小鼠成单笼。类似的主题B6小鼠，移动控制B6小鼠成单笼在第10天。 </li><li>如果ICR小鼠没有表现出任何攻击咬伤，直到5分钟，每个试验的第一天到10，终止审理。更换ICR小鼠有备用积极的ICR小鼠，并进行替换试验为主题B6鼠标。 </li><li>如果鼠标受伤，隔离鼠标在单个笼并通过检查它的体重增加，食物摄入量和水摄入量观察进展。按照镇痛的IACUC的指导方针。在影响生理和行为在小鼠严重伤口的情况下，根据当地IACUC准则安乐死它们。 </li></ol> 5.社会回避试验（社会互动测试） <ol><li>在第11天（00:00-12 09）的社交回避在上午进行行为测试。 </li><li>在测试前30分钟，将控制转移并受B6小鼠的笼上的架子（微光小于1勒克斯）的行为下小于20勒克斯照明检测室，以允许他们使其习惯到环境中。 </li><li>为了减少订单的影响，交替测试控制并受B6小鼠。 </li><li>清洁的开放字段竞技场（照射该场的中心的光的20勒克斯），用浸透70％乙醇的行为测试之前对每只小鼠以除去粪便，尿纸巾一个塑料相互作用盒，和任何气味。 </li><li>从该开场装置附近的单一笼放置一个不熟悉的ICR小鼠（不用作侵略者）。 </li><li>放置B6小鼠到空相互作用盒的开口字段，如图4。监测和使用自动分析系统（在步骤5.10中所述）分析其行为2.5分钟。 </li><li>一审判决后，从现场移除B6老鼠，并将其放置到其家笼。 </li><li>在此之后，将不熟悉的雄性ICR小鼠（社会目标）到互动框，然后介绍了B6鼠标放在田野里并监督其2.5分钟的行为。 </li><li>二审后，返回无论是B6和ICR小鼠其家笼，并清理现场和互动框，上面提到的。 </li><li>重复这些步骤，为每个B6鼠标，以检验其社会行为。在每次试验中，使用记录顶视图电影CCD照相机。 <ol><li>行为测试后，计算每个试验花费在相互作用区（以秒为单位），并在角落区（以秒为单位），如图Goto等13的时间。判断鼠标的基于鼠标的中心的位置。 </li><li>计算社会互动分数作为100×（相互作用时间，用靶）/（相互作用时间，无靶标），以下发表在克里希南等人 21的方法。 </li></ol></li></ol>

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Res. 44 (5), 302-309 (2010).</li><li>Tao, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Examining+the+relationship+between+lifetime+stressful+life+events+and+the+onset+of+major+depression+in+Chinese+women.">Examining the relationship between lifetime stressful life events and the onset of major depression in Chinese women.</a> J. Affect. Disord. 135 (1-3), 95-99 (2011).</li><li>Valente, S., Fisher, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Recognizing+and+managing+psychogenic+polydipsia+in+mental+health.">Recognizing and managing psychogenic polydipsia in mental health.</a> J. Nurse Pract. 6 (7), 546-550 (2010).</li><li>Dundas, B., Harris, M., Narasimham, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Psychogenic+Polydipsia+Review:+Etiology,+Differential,+and+Treatment.">Psychogenic Polydipsia Review: Etiology, Differential, and Treatment.</a> Curr. Psychiatry Rep. 9 (3), 236-241 (2007).</li><li>Tsumura, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Downregulation+of+AQP2+expression+in+the+kidney+of+polydipsic+STR/N+mice.">Downregulation of AQP2 expression in the kidney of polydipsic STR/N mice.</a> Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 290 (2), F478-F485 (2006).</li><li>Flores, P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Schedule-Induced+Polydipsia:+Searching+for+the+Endophenotype+of+Compulsive+Behavior.">Schedule-Induced Polydipsia: Searching for the Endophenotype of Compulsive Behavior.</a> World J. Neurosci. 4, 253-260 (2014).</li><li>Cryan, J. F., Dinan, T. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mind-altering+microorganisms:+the+impact+of+the+gut+microbiota+on+brain+and+and+behaviour.">Mind-altering microorganisms: the impact of the gut microbiota on brain and and behaviour.</a> Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 13 (10), 701-712 (2012).</li></ol>

作者宣称，他们有没有竞争的财务权益。

有sCSDS小鼠和CSDS小鼠进行标准CSDS协议19（与每天侵略者物理接触5至10分钟）之间的差异确定的体重。时的应力期间sCSDS小鼠显示增加BWG，而标准CSDS小鼠显示体重降低时的应力期间21,22,23。有这两种协议之间的侵略者与身体接触的总时长方面在10天的期限压力很大差异。而原来的CSDS范例包括侵略者和从属小鼠中总（全面CSDS）之间的物理相互作用的50或100分钟时，sCSDS方法包含这种相?...

多种压力事件发生在整个人类的生活。过大的应力常导致在人类和动物有害的生理后果。在人类中，压力事件是主要危险因素沉淀精神障碍，例如抑郁症1。疾病研究的全球负担表明，抑郁症是最致残性疾病的伤残调整寿命年（DALY）和多年居住残疾2项之一。此外，抑郁症占自杀的DALY 3的比例最大。患有抑郁症很难管理自己的生活，作为一个结果，他们的生活质量往往恶化。因此，强烈需要开发有效的治疗剂，以改善生活在这些患者中的质量。 许多研究的重大抑郁症被执行，并揭示了疾病susceptibilit的遗传贡献y为约30〜40％，这是由多个位点的小的影响4的作用进行说明。由于抑郁症背后的复杂的致病机理，疾病的病因的详细仍不清楚。临床报告显示，有抑郁症，亚型如忧郁和非典型抑郁症5，其显示降低的和分别6增加体重。虽然25-30％和抑郁症患者15-30％为纯忧郁和非典型特征，分别大多有两种亚型7的混合特征。因此，严重抑郁症有广泛的症状。为了找到生物标志物和开发目标的治疗剂的各类人类的抑郁症的，它建立凹陷8的几个不同的动物模型是重要的。 抑郁症的动物模型用几种方法已经建立了一个包括学无奈，慢性应激和慢性社会的失败应力（CSDS）9-12。丰田和同事建立大鼠和小鼠13-17的CSDS模型，以阐明代谢和与抑郁症相关的行为。由于抑郁症的动物模型是由表面效度18评估，在其中模型建立的环境是很重要的。此外，金等 19报道的方法进行详细创建CSDS小鼠。已知的是，在CSDS小鼠的社会行为的缺陷可以通过慢性治疗中回收，而不是由急性治疗，与抗抑郁药，而且它们在脑源性​​神经营养的调节方面共享的症状类似于在抑郁症患者因素6。 Goto等13以前开发的亚慢性和轻度社会败应力（sCSDS）小鼠模型通过修改方法金等人 。19。该sCSDS小鼠显示以下收益体重和增加身体水分含量13 polydipsia-和亢进样症状。在这份报告中，提供了协议建立sCSDS小鼠模型和我们讨论这个模型的效用。

<table><tbody><tr><td>single cage</td><td>Charles River Laboratories Japan</td><td></td><td>width [W] &amp;times; depth [D] &amp;times; height [H] = 143 &amp;times; 293 &amp;times; 148 mm</td></tr><tr><td>M cage</td><td>Natsume Seisakusho</td><td></td><td>W &amp;times; D &amp;times; H = 220 &amp;times; 320 &amp;times; 135 mm</td></tr><tr><td>Whiteflake</td><td>Charles River Laboratories Japan</td><td></td><td>Wood-shaving chips made from spruce trees</td></tr><tr><td>AIN-93G</td><td>Oriental Yeast</td><td></td><td>purified-diet food pellets</td></tr><tr><td>Kimtowel</td><td>Nippon Paper Crecia Co.</td><td></td><td>Paper towels</td></tr><tr><td>open-field arena</td><td>O&amp;rsquo;Hara &amp;amp; Co.</td><td></td><td>made of gray polyvinylchloride</td></tr></tbody></table>

a mouse model of subchronic and mild social defeat stress for understanding stress-induced behavioral and physiological deficits

Stressful life events often increase the incidence of depression in humans. To study the mechanisms of depression, the development of animal models of depression is essential. Because there are several types of depression, various animal models are needed for a deeper understanding of the disorder. Previously, a mouse model of subchronic and mild social defeat stress (sCSDS) using a modified chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) paradigm was established. In the paradigm, to reduce physical injuries from aggressors, the duration of physical contact between the aggressor and a subordinate was reduced compared to in the original CSDS paradigm. sCSDS mice showed increased body weight gain, food intake, and water intake during the stress period, and their social behaviors were suppressed after the stress period. In terms of the face validity of the stress-induced overeating and overdrinking following the increased body weight gain, the sCSDS mice may show some features related to atypical depression in humans. Thus, a mouse model of sCSDS may be useful for studying the pathogenic mechanisms underlying depression. This protocol will help establish the sCSDS mouse model, especially for studying the mechanisms underlying stress-induced weight gain and polydipsia- and hyperphagia-like symptoms.

以监测物理应力的程度超过10天的期间，攻击叮咬ICR小鼠的数目由研究人员进行手动计数。 图5A指示各值接收攻击叮咬的数目。有在早期阶段（第1天约10-120叮咬）相当大的变化，但这种变化被减少了后期（第10天约为:5-20叮咬）。 图5B表示接收攻击叮咬的平均数量逐渐降低随着时间的推移，由于物理接触的持续时间减少（从5分钟至0.5分钟）。 受试者?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Mouse Model of Subchronic and Mild Social Defeat Stress for Understanding Stress-induced Behavioral and Physiological Deficits at JoVE.com

A Mouse Model of Subchronic and Mild Social Defeat Stress for Understanding Stress-induced Behavioral and Physiological Deficits

这里，为了开发亚慢性和轻度社会败应力的小鼠模型中的方法描述和用于研究抑郁症的致病特性，包括hyperphagia-和烦渴样症状以下增加体重。

亚慢性和温和的社会失败应激的小鼠模型理解应激诱导行为和生理赤字

Stressful life events often increase the incidence of depression in humans. To study the mechanisms of depression, the development of animal models of ...

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Research

JoVE Journal

Behavior

19.6K 次观看.  Ibaraki University. 这里，为了开发亚慢性和轻度社会败应力的小鼠模型中的方法描述和用于研究抑郁症的致病特性，包括hyperphagia-和烦渴样症状以下增加体重。 

视频: A Mouse Model of Subchronic and Mild Social Defeat Stress for Understanding Stress-induced Behavioral and Physiological Deficits

An Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress Protocol for Instigating Depressive Symptoms, Behavioral Changes and Negative Health Outcomes in Rodents

Chronic, unresolved stress is a major risk factor for the development of clinical depression. While many preclinical models of stress-induced depression have been reported, the unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) protocol is an established translationally-relevant model for inducing behavioral symptoms commonly associated with clinical depression, such as anhedonia, altered grooming behavior, and learned helplessness in rodents. The UCMS protocol also induces physiological (e.g., hypercortisolemia, hypertension) and neurological (e.g., anhedonia, learned helplessness) changes that are clinically associated with depression. Importantly, UCMS-induced depressive symptoms can be ameliorated through chronic, but not acute, treatment with common SSRIs. As such, the UCMS protocol offers many advantages over acute stress protocols or protocols that utilize more extreme stressors. Our protocol involves randomized, daily exposures to 7 distinct stressors: damp bedding, removal of bedding, cage tilt, alteration of light/dark cycles, social stresses, shallow water bath, and predator sounds/smells. By subjecting rodents 3-4 hr daily to these mild stressors for 8 weeks, we demonstrate both significant behavioral changes and poor health outcomes to the cardiovascular system. This approach allows for in-depth interrogation of the neurological, behavioral, and physiological alterations associated with chronic stress-induced depression, as well as for testing of new potential therapeutic agents or intervention strategies.

The unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) protocol is a validated method for studying behavioral and physiological changes associated with chronic stress and depressive symptoms. Eight weeks of imposition of the UCMS protocol induces behavioral changes and poor health outcomes in rodents of either gender.

煽动抑郁症状，行为变化和不利健康结果鼠害一个不可预知的慢性轻度应激协议

Chronic, unresolved stress is a major risk factor for the development of clinical depression. While many preclinical models of stress-induced depression ...

科研

行为学

The Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress Protocol for Inducing Anhedonia in Mice

Depression is a highly prevalent and debilitating condition, only partially addressed by current pharmacotherapies. The lack of response to treatment by many patients prompts the need to develop new therapeutic alternatives and to better understand the etiology of the disorder. Pre-clinical models with translational merits are rudimentary for this task. Here we present a protocol for the unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) method in mice. In this protocol, adolescent mice are chronically exposed to interchanging unpredictable mild stressors. Resembling the pathogenesis of depression in humans, stress exposure during the sensitive period of mice adolescence instigates a depressive-like phenotype evident in adulthood. UCMS can be used for screenings of antidepressants on the variety of depressive-like behaviors and neuromolecular indices. Among the more prominent tests to assess depressive-like behavior in rodents is the sucrose preference test (SPT), which reflects anhedonia (core symptom of depression). The SPT will also be presented in this protocol. The ability of UCMS to induce anhedonia, instigate long-term behavioral deficits and enable reversal of these deficits via chronic (but not acute) treatment with antidepressants strengthens the protocol&#39;s validity compared to other animal protocols for inducing depressive-like behaviors.

Here we present the unpredictable chronic mild stress protocol in mice. This protocol induces a long-term depressive-like phenotype and enables to assess the efficacy of putative antidepressants in reversing the behavioral and neuromolecular depressive-like deficits.

诱导小鼠快感缺失的不可预测慢性轻度应力协议

Depression is a highly prevalent and debilitating condition, only partially addressed by current pharmacotherapies. The lack of response to treatment by ...

A Chronic Immobilization Stress Protocol for Inducing Depression-Like Behavior in Mice

Depression is not yet fully understood, but various causative factors have been reported. Recently, the prevalence of depression has increased. However, therapeutic treatments for depression or research on depression is scarce. Thus, in the present paper, we propose a mouse model of depression induced by movement restriction. Chronic mild stress (CMS) is a well-known technique to induce depressive-like behavior. However, it necessitates a complex procedure consisting of a combination of various mild stresses. In contrast, chronic immobilization stress (CIS) is a readily accessible chronic stress model, modified from a restraint model that induces depressive behavior by restricting movement using a restrainer for a certain period. To evaluate the depressive-like behaviors, the sucrose preference test (SPT), the tail suspension test (TST), and the ELISA assay to measure stress marker corticosterone levels are combined in the present experiment. The described protocols illustrate the induction of CIS and evaluation of the changes in behavior and physiological factors for the validation of depression.

This article provides a simplified and standardized protocol for induction of depressive-like behavior in chronically immobilized mice by using a restrainer. In addition, behavior and physiological techniques to verify induction of depression are explained.

诱导小鼠抑郁行为的慢性固定性压力协议

Depression is not yet fully understood, but various causative factors have been reported. Recently, the prevalence of depression has increased. However, ...

Chronic Stress Shifts Effort-Related Choice Behavior in a Y-Maze Barrier Task in Mice

Mood disorders, including major depressive disorder, can be precipitated by chronic stress. The Y-maze barrier task is an effort-related choice test that measures motivation to expend effort and obtain reward. In mice, chronic stress exposure significantly impacts motivation to work for a higher value reward when a lesser value reward is freely available compared to unstressed mice. Here we describe the chronic corticosterone administration paradigm, which produces a shift in effortful responding in the Y-maze barrier task. In the Y-maze task, one arm contains 4 food pellets, while the other arm contains only 2 pellets. After mice learn to select the high reward arm, barriers with progressively increasing height are then introduced into the high reward arm over multiple test sessions. Unfortunately, most chronic stress paradigms (including corticosterone and social defeat) were developed in male mice and are less effective in female mice. Therefore, we also discuss chronic non-discriminatory social defeat stress (CNSDS), a stress paradigm we developed that is effective in both male and female mice. Repeating results with multiple distinct chronic stressors in male and female mice combined with increased usage of translationally relevant behavior tasks will help to advance the understanding of how chronic stress can precipitate mood disorders.

The Y-maze barrier task is a behavior test that examines motivation to expend effort for reward. Here, we discuss testing multiple well-validated chronic stressors including chronic corticosterone and social defeat stress with this behavior, as well as the novel chronic non-discriminatory social defeat stress (CNSDS), which is effective in females.

在小鼠的 Y-Maze 障碍任务中，慢性应力转移与工作量相关的选择行为

Mood disorders, including major depressive disorder, can be precipitated by chronic stress. The Y-maze barrier task is an effort-related choice test that ...

小鼠模型应激易感性或恢复力的威胁安全性测试

Social Threat-Safety Test Uncovers Psychosocial Stress-Related Phenotypes

Social stress is a major cause of the development of mental disorders. To enhance the translational value of preclinical studies, social stress experience and its behavioral impact on mice should be comparable to humans. Chronic social defeat (CSD) utilizes a type of social stress involving physical attacks and sensory threats to induce mental dysfunctions resembling human affective disorders. To strengthen the psychosocial component of CSD, a 10-day CSD protocol was applied in which daily physical attacks are standardized to three 10 s episodes followed by a 24 h sensory phase. After the 10th sensory phase, the CSD protocol is followed by a refined behavioral assay called the social threat-safety test (STST). Post-stress behavioral assays need to determine how and to what extent the social stressor has influenced behavior. The STST allows chronically socially defeated male mice to interact with 2 novel male individuals (social targets): one social target from the attacking strain encountered during the CSD days and the other from a novel strain. Both are presented simultaneously in different compartments of a three-chambered test arena. The test enables a simultaneous assessment of social avoidance development to measure successful aversive conditioned learning and social threat-safety discrimination ability. The development of social avoidance towards both strains reflects a generalized aversive response and thus, a measurement of stress susceptibility. Meanwhile, the development of social avoidance towards only the attacking strain reflects threat-safety discrimination and thus, a measurement of stress resilience. Finally, the absence of social avoidance towards the attacking strain reflects impaired aversive conditioned learning. The protocol aims to refine the currently used mouse models of stress susceptibility/resilience by including translational criteria, specifically threat-safety discrimination and aversive response generalization, to categorize a single group of chronically socially defeated animals into resilient and susceptible subgroups, eventually advancing future translational approaches.

作者聚焦:揭示压力恢复力的机制 - 重要发现、进展和未来研究

The social threat-safety test allows a simultaneous assessment of social avoidance development as a measurement of aversive conditioned learning and social threat-safety discrimination ability, both utilized to identify stress-susceptible and stress-resilient individuals within a single group of chronically socially defeated male mice.

社会威胁安全测试揭示了与社会心理压力相关的表型

Social stress is a major cause of the development of mental disorders. To enhance the translational value of preclinical studies, social stress experience ...

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>对小鼠的早期生活创伤进行建模以研究 PTSD 和社交回避行为

Chronic Social Defeat Stress in Early Adolescent Male Mice

Physical abuse and trauma in childhood is reported in as many as 1 in 7 children and is a major risk factor for the development of psychiatric diseases, such as Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), in adolescence and adulthood. Hallmark behavioral symptoms of PTSD include avoidance of cues and contexts associated with trauma. The ability to model long-lasting changes in the brain due to early life trauma is critical to determine potential circuit and molecular targets for the modulation of resultant symptoms. This manuscript describes a protocol for modeling early life physical and psychological trauma in early adolescent male mice that produces socially avoidant behavior. Adolescent male mice are exposed to repeated aggressive encounters followed by overnight housing, which provides an added dimension of psychological stress, with an adult male aggressor every day for 10 days. Repeated social defeat paired with overnight housing by the aggressor in early adolescence produces robust social avoidance behavior that lasts throughout adulthood. Social avoidance can be readily quantified in early adolescents, adolescents, and adults using open field social interaction testing. Early adolescent social defeat robustly produces more than 60% susceptible animals in adulthood.

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>青春期早期雄性小鼠的慢性社交挫败应激

This protocol details how to perform 10 day chronic social defeat stress in early adolescent male mice to produce long-lasting social avoidance in adulthood in more than 60% of mice.

青春期早期雄性小鼠的慢性社交挫败应激

Physical abuse and trauma in childhood is reported in as many as 1 in 7 children and is a major risk factor for the development of psychiatric diseases, ...

亚慢性和温和的社会失败应激的小鼠模型理解应激诱导行为和生理赤字

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此视频中的章节

煽动抑郁症状，行为变化和不利健康结果鼠害一个不可预知的慢性轻度应激协议

诱导小鼠快感缺失的不可预测慢性轻度应力协议

诱导小鼠抑郁行为的慢性固定性压力协议

在小鼠的 Y-Maze 障碍任务中，慢性应力转移与工作量相关的选择行为

社会威胁安全测试揭示了与社会心理压力相关的表型

社会威胁安全测试揭示了与社会心理压力相关的表型

社会威胁安全测试揭示了与社会心理压力相关的表型

青春期早期雄性小鼠的慢性社交挫败应激

青春期早期雄性小鼠的慢性社交挫败应激

青春期早期雄性小鼠的慢性社交挫败应激