Diese Arbeit wurde vom National Institutes of Health / Nationale Institut für neurologische Erkrankungen und Schlaganfall (NIH / NINDS) gewährt R01-NS074387, R01-NS057711 und R21-NS091555 zu MGC unterstützt; NIH / NINDS gewährt R01-NS061107, R01-NS076991, R01-NS082311 und R21-NS084275 zu PRL; Zuschüsse aus Leas Happy Hearts, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center an MGC und PRL vergeben; die Klinik für Neurochirurgie, Universität von Michigan School of Medicine; der Michigan-Institut für klinische und Gesundheitsforschung, die von NIH Zuschusses 2UL1-TR000433 unterstützt; die Universität von Michigan Cancer Biology Ausbildungsbeihilfe von NIH / NCI (National Cancer Institute) Zuschuss T32-CA009676 unterstützt; die Universität von Michigan Ausbildung in klinischer und Grundneuroscience von NIH / NINDS unterstützt gewähren T32-NS007222; und der University of Michigan Medical Scientist Training Program von NIH / NIGMS (Nationales Institut für Allgemeinmedizin Wissenschaften) unterstützt gewähren T32-GM007863. Die Autoren einre dankbar für die akademische Führung und Unterstützung von Dr. Karin Muraszko und der Klinik für Neurochirurgie erhalten; M. Dahlgren, D. TOMFORD und S. neapolitanischen für hervorragende administrative Unterstützung; M. Dzaman für herausragende technische Hilfe; und Phil F. Jenkins für die großzügige Unterstützung für den Kauf eines Zeiss 3D Scanning Electron Microscope. Wir erkennen auch die Kuchroo Labor an der Harvard Medical School, von dem eine modifizierte Version des Dichtezentrifugation Medien vermittelte Strategie für die Isolierung von Gehirnmononuklearen Zellen gezogen wurde.

<ol>
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Die Autoren haben nichts zu offenbaren.

Dieses Protokoll beschreibt eine robuste und reproduzierbare Methode zur Isolierung und Durchflusszytometrieanalyse PBMCs, die die frühe Mausgehirn-Tumor-Mikroumgebung infiltriert haben. Gliom Zellsuspensionen werden in einem vom Experimentator, die stereotaktisch in das Striatum des Gehirns der Maus eingepflanzt werden festgelegte Wert generiert. Mäuse werden dann in vorgegebenen von der Versuchsplanung festgelegten Zeitpunkten getötet und ihre Gehirne werden geerntet und verarbeitet, um Gliom-Infiltration PBMCs, di...

Gliome sind eine Klasse von neuroepithelial Hirntumoren aus transformierten Gliazellen im Zentralnervensystem (ZNS). Von all den Gliomen, der Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO) Grad IV Gliom oder Glioblastom (GBM), der häufigsten und tödlichen 1. GBM ist hochfeuerfesten dem aktuellen Standard-of-Care, die aus Tumorentfernung in dem Maße möglich, gefolgt von einer Strahlentherapie mit gleichzeitiger und adjuvanter Chemotherapie mit Temozolomid 2 besteht. Diese tödliche Krebserkrankungen führen einen düstere Prognose von nur 15-18 Monaten des Überlebens aus der Zeit der ersten Diagnose mit nur 5% der Patienten überleben die Krankheit nach 5 Jahren 3. Das Vorhandensein der Blut-Hirn-Schranke (BBB), haben Mangel an professionellen Antigen-präsentierenden Zellen (APCs), und das zuvor nicht identifizierte Vorliegen bona fide lymphatischen Strukturen innerhalb des Gehirns 4 auf den Begriff der GBM als Immun privilegierten geführt. Doch jetzt zahlreiche Studien show dass diese Hirntumoren Tat erzeugen die Rekrutierung von peripheren Immunzellen, die vorwiegend myeloiden Ursprungs sind die Monozyten, Makrophagen und myeloische-Suppressorzellen (MDSC) 5 umfassen. GBM auch Einfluss auf die Aktivität der Gehirnansässigen Mikroglia zu pro-tumorigenen 6,7 geworden. Lymphoide Zellen, wie CD8 + T-Zellen 8 und CD56 + natürlichen Killerzellen 9 sind ebenfalls im Tumor-Mikroumgebung vorhanden, jedoch in viel geringerer Zahl, eine Tatsache angenommen, dass aufgrund immunsuppressive Funktion Gliom abstammenden Faktoren auf Tumor-assoziierte Makrophagen eingeleitet werden ( TAMs) 10. CD4 + T-Zellen sind auch in GBM, aber ein großer Teil dieser Bevölkerung drückt auch CD25 und FoxP3, Hersteller von immunsuppressiven regulatorischen T (T reg) Zellen 11. Die Gesamt immunsuppressiven Zustand der GBM gipfelt in der Förderung der immunologischen Flucht und Tumorprogression 12. <p class= &quot;jove_content&quot;&gt; Ein besseres Verständnis der Mechanismen der GBM Immunsuppression ist kritisch für die Entwicklung einer wirksamen immun Strategien entwickelt, um das Immunsystem gegen den Tumor stimulieren. Im Laufe der letzten 15 Jahren unser Labor gearbeitet hat, um die Mechanismen der Gehirntumor immunosuppresson um wirksame neue Anti-GBM-Immuntherapeutika 13-19 Entwicklung zu überwinden. Der Höhepunkt dieser Arbeit wurde nun auf einer klinischen Studie konzipiert, um eine kombinierte zytotoxische und immunstimulatorischen Therapeutikum für Patienten mit neu diagnostiziertem GBM (: NCT01811992 ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier) ​​zu bewerten geführt. Unsere jüngste Arbeit zeigt, dass Maus GL26 und Ratten CNS-1 GBM Zellen blockieren Anti-Tumor-NK-Zell-Immunüberwachung durch die Produktion großer Mengen des β-Galactosid-bindenden Lektin Galectin-1 (Gal-1) 20. Dies wurde durch die Unterdrückung der Expression von gal-1 in Gliomzellen mit shRNA-vermittelte Gen-Knockdown demonstriert. In vitro experiments zeigte, dass gal-1-defizienten Gliomzellen normalerweise in Kultur vermehrt, noch eine rasante Ablehnung bald nach intrakraniellen Verpflanzung in syngene C57BL / 6J oder RAG1 - / - Mäuse und schafft so die Unabhängigkeit der T- oder B-Zellen, die auf diese Form der Tumorabstoßung. NK-Zellen Immunodepletion mit anti-Asialo-GM 1-Antiserum oder monoklonalen Antikörpern NK1.1 führte zur vollständigen Wiederherstellung von intrakraniellen gal-1-defizienten Gliom Wachstum, zur Gründung der Rolle von NK-Zellen in gal-1-defizienten Gliom Ablehnung. Wir zeigen nun, dass die Immundepletion der Gr-1 + / CD11b + myeloiden Zellen ausreichend ist, um Gal-1-defizienten Gliom Ablehnung trotz der Anwesenheit von NK-Zellen zu verhindern, offenbart somit ein unverzichtbares Hilfsrolle für myeloide Zellen in den gleichsinnigen von NK-vermittelte gal -1-defizienten Tumor Lyse (unveröffentlichte Daten). Dieses unerwartete Ergebnis hat uns dazu geführt, eine umfassende Protokoll für die Isolierung und Analyse von peripheren mononukleären Blutzellen (PBMCs) zu entwickeln,infiltrieren das Gehirn Tumor-Mikroumgebung bald nach intrakraniellen engraftment damit wir bessere Charakterisierung der Immuninfiltration Ereignisse, die gal-1-defizienten Gliom Ablehnung Prädikat. Das Verfahren wird hier durch die Verwendung der Maus GL26 Gliom-Zellen, die konstitutiv exprimieren mCitrine fluoreszierendes Protein, genannt GL26-Cit, die direkte Tumorzellvisualisierung mittels Fluoreszenzmikroskopie 21 erlauben demonstriert. Diese Zellen werden stereotaktisch in das Gehirn eines syngenen C57BL / 6J-Mäusen eingeimpft und für 24, 48 oder 72 Stunden vor der Euthanasie Maus wachsen. Gliom-Infiltration PBMCs werden dann isoliert und immun mit Anti -CD45, -GR-1, -CD11b und -NK1.1 Zelloberflächenantikörper zusammen mit intrazelluläre Immunmarkierung für Granzym B (GzmB). Diese spezielle Kombination von Antikörpern erlaubt die Identifizierung von Tumor-infiltrierenden Gr-1 + / CD11b + myeloiden Zellen und NK1.1 +, NK-Zellen, Zelltypen wir been verwickelt in gal-1-defizienten Tumorabstoßung. Die Immuninfiltration Profil gal-1-defizienten GL26-Cit Gliom, hier bezeichnet als GL26-Cit-gal1i, wird dann zu der Gliome exprimieren ein normales Niveau von Gal-1 genannt GL26-Cit-NT, die ein nicht enthalten im Vergleich Targeting Steuer shRNA Haarnadel. Das Protokoll beginnt mit einer Beschreibung, wie man Kultur GL26-Cit-Gliomzellen in vitro, die durch eine Erklärung, wie orthotop engraft diese Zellen in das Striatum von syngenen C57BL / 6J Mäusen folgt. Es geht dann zu den Schritten bei der Isolierung und Immunmarkierung von Gliom-Infiltration PBMCs für durchflusszytometrische Analyse beteiligt aufzuzählen. Das Protokoll schließt mit einer Erläuterung von Standarddatenanalyse und grafische Darstellung. Die Demonstration zeigt, dass sowohl Gr-1 + / CD11b + myeloischen Zellen und NK1.1 + NK-Zellen bevorzugt im gal-1-defizienten Gehirn Tumor-Mikroumgebung innerhalb von 48 akkumulierenhr der Tumorimplantation, ein Ergebnis, das zu erklären, warum diese Tumoren schnell komplette Tumorlyse ca. 1 Woche nach der Tumor-Transplantation unterziehen 20 hilft. Das Verfahren ist leicht an einer Reihe von in vivo verschiedenen experimentellen Designs, in welchem ​​zeitlichen Daten auf Immuninfiltration in das Gehirn erforderlich. Eine einzelne Experimentator kann das Protokoll von Gehirn Ernte durchzuführen, um zytometrische Analyse von Gliom-infiltrierenden PBMCs fließen in etwa 4-6 Stunden, je nach der Anzahl der zu analysierenden Proben. Das Verfahren kann auch mit Experimenten gerichtet, um das Profil des zirkulierenden PBMCs in tumortragenden Mäuse für einen Vergleich mit denen, die das Gehirn infiltrieren so Immunsuppression Phänotypen speziell von der Tumor-Mikroumgebung induziert identifizieren charakterisieren kombiniert werden. Anwendung dieser und ähnlicher Verfahren sollte ein besseres Verständnis der Faktoren, die in den Handel mit peripheren Immunzellen in das Gehirn Tumor-Mikroumgebung beteiligt sind, erleichtern.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Dulbecco&#8217;s Modification of Eagles Medium</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>12430-054</td>
			<td>with 4.5g/L D-glucose, L-glutamine, 25mM HEPES and phenol red&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dulbecco&#8217;s Phosphate-buffered Saline&#160;</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>14190-144&#160;</td>
			<td>without calcium chloride or Magnesium chloride</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fetal bovine serum</td>
			<td>Omega Scientific Inc.</td>
			<td>FB-11</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Penicillin Streptomycin&#160;</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>15140-122</td>
			<td>10,000U/ml Penicillin; 10,000&#956;g/ml Streptomycin&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>L-glutamine</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>25030-081</td>
			<td>200mM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>G418 sulfate&#160;</td>
			<td>Omega Scientific Inc.</td>
			<td>GN-04</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Puromycin dihydrochloride&#160;&#160;</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>P8833</td>
			<td>from Streptomyces alboniger</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>HyClone HyQTase non-mammalian trypsin alternative&#160;</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td>SV30030.01</td>
			<td>in DPBS with EDTA&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Phase contrast hemocytometer</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>Z359629</td>
			<td>0.1mm deep</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Trypan blue stain</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>15250-061</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sterile 0.9% NaCl injection, USP</td>
			<td>Hospira</td>
			<td>NDC: 0409-4888</td>
			<td>10ml vials</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>0.6ml conical polypropylenemi microtubes</td>
			<td>Genesee Scientific</td>
			<td>22-272</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Atipamezole hydrochloride injection</td>
			<td>Orion Pharma</td>
			<td>NDC: 52483-6298</td>
			<td>5mg/ml solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ketamine hydrochloride injection</td>
			<td>Fort Dodge</td>
			<td>NDC: 0409-2051</td>
			<td>100mg/ml solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dexmedetomidine hydrochloride injection</td>
			<td>Zoetis</td>
			<td>NDC: 54771-2805</td>
			<td>0.5mg/ml solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Xylazine hydrochloride injection</td>
			<td>Lloyd</td>
			<td>NDC: 61311-481</td>
			<td>100mg/ml solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Carprofen injection</td>
			<td>Pfizer</td>
			<td>NDC: 61106-8501</td>
			<td>50mg/ml solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Buprenorphine hydrochloride injection</td>
			<td>Reckitt Benckiser</td>
			<td>NDC: 12496-0757</td>
			<td>0.3mg/ml ampuls</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1ml tuberculin syringes&#160;</td>
			<td>Covidien</td>
			<td>8881501400</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>26G x &#189; (0.45mm x 13mm) syringe needles&#160;</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>305111</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Surgical clippers</td>
			<td>3M</td>
			<td>9661</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Providone-iodine solution</td>
			<td>Aplicare</td>
			<td>82-217</td>
			<td>NDC: 52380-1905</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sterile petrolatum ophthalmic ointment&#160;</td>
			<td>Dechra</td>
			<td>NDC: 17033-211</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>70% isopropyl alcohol prep pads</td>
			<td>Kendall</td>
			<td>6818</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sterile gauze</td>
			<td>Covidien</td>
			<td>8044</td>
			<td>non-woven, 4&#34; x 4&#34;, 4-ply&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1.7ml conical polypropylene microtubes</td>
			<td>Genesee Scientific</td>
			<td>22-281</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mouse stereotactic frame</td>
			<td>Stoelting</td>
			<td>51730</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Surgical lamp</td>
			<td>Philips Burton</td>
			<td>CS316W</td>
			<td>Coolspot II Variable Spotlight</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Curved dissecting forceps</td>
			<td>Ted Pella Inc.</td>
			<td>5431</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Colibri retractors&#160;</td>
			<td>FST</td>
			<td>17000-03</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cordless precision power drill</td>
			<td>Dremel&#160;</td>
			<td>1100-01</td>
			<td>Stylus model; 7.2-Volt Lithium-Ion with Docking Station</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Engraving Cutter</td>
			<td>Dremel</td>
			<td>105</td>
			<td>1/32&#34; or 0.8 mm bit diameter</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microliter syringe</td>
			<td>Hamilton</td>
			<td>75</td>
			<td>Hamilton Microliter&#174; Syringes 700 series; 5&#956;l volume</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microliter syringe needles</td>
			<td>Hamilton</td>
			<td>7762-06</td>
			<td>33G, small hub RN NDL, 1.5 in, point style 3, 6/PK</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ethilon 3-0 black monofilament nylon sutures&#160;</td>
			<td>Ethicon</td>
			<td>1663</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Magnetic stir bar</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>74950-296</td>
			<td>7.9mm diameter x 50mm length (5/16&#34; diameter x 2&#34; length)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1L glass screw-cap storage bottle</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>1395</td>
			<td>Type 1, Class A borosilicate glass</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Heparin sodium&#160;</td>
			<td>Sagent</td>
			<td>NDC: 25021-400</td>
			<td>1,000U/ml solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Peristaltic pump</td>
			<td>Cole Parmer Instruments Group</td>
			<td>77200-60</td>
			<td>Master Flex Easy Load II console drive</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>compressed carbogen (95% O2 / 5% CO2)</td>
			<td>available from local vendor</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>A-type, large cylinder&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>20G x 1 &#189;&#34; aluminum hub blunt needles</td>
			<td>Kendall</td>
			<td>8881202363</td>
			<td>0.9mm x 38.1mm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Polyurethane ice bucket</td>
			<td>Fisherbrand</td>
			<td>02-591-45</td>
			<td>Capacity: 0.152 oz. (4.5L)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Collagenase (Type I-S)</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>C1639</td>
			<td>from Clostridium histolyticum&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Deoxyribonuclease I</td>
			<td>Worthington Biochemical Corp.</td>
			<td>LS002007</td>
			<td>&#62;2,000 Kunitz units per mg dry weight</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Antistatic polystyrene hexagonal weighing dishes</td>
			<td>Ted Pella Inc.</td>
			<td>20157-3</td>
			<td>top I.D. 115mm, base I.D. 85mm, 203ml volume&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Stainless steel single edged razor blades&#160;</td>
			<td>Garvey</td>
			<td>40475</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bone rongeurs</td>
			<td>FST</td>
			<td>16001-15</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hemostat</td>
			<td>FST</td>
			<td>13014-14</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Large dissection scissors</td>
			<td>Ted Pella Inc.</td>
			<td>1316</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Small dissection scissors</td>
			<td>FST</td>
			<td>14094-11</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Blunt end forceps</td>
			<td>Ted Pella Inc.</td>
			<td>13250</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>7ml glass Dounce tissue grinder</td>
			<td>Kontes</td>
			<td>KT885300-0007</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Percoll Density Centrifugation Media&#160;</td>
			<td>GE Healthcare</td>
			<td>GE17-0891-01</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>10 mL serological pipettes</td>
			<td>Genesee Scientific</td>
			<td>12-104</td>
			<td>single use; sterile</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>70&#956;m sterile nylon mesh cell strainers&#160;</td>
			<td>Fisherbrand</td>
			<td>22363548</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Alexa Fluor 700-conjugated rat anti-mouse CD45 (clone: 30-F11)</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>103128</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>APC-conjugated mouse anti-mouse NK1.1 (clone: PK136)</td>
			<td>eBiosciences&#160;</td>
			<td>17-5941-82</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PE-conjugated rat anti-mouse Gr-1 (clone:RB6-8C5)</td>
			<td>BD Pharmigen</td>
			<td>553128</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PerCP/Cy5.5-conjugated rat anti-mouse CD11b (clone: M1/70)&#160;</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>101228</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Alexa Fluor 700-conjugated rat IgG2b, &#954; (clone: RTK4530) isotype control&#160;</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>400628</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>APC-conjugated mouse IgG2a, &#954; (clone: eBM2a) isotype control&#160;</td>
			<td>eBioscience</td>
			<td>17-4724</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PE-conjugated rat IgG2b, &#954; (clone: eB149/10H5) isotype control&#160;</td>
			<td>eBioscience</td>
			<td>12-4031-82</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PerCP/Cy5.5-conjugated rat IgG2b, &#954; (clone: RTK4530) isotype control</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>400632</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pacific Blue-conjugated mouse anti-mouse granzyme B (Clone: GB11)&#160;</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>515403</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pacific Blue-conjugated mouse IgG1, &#954; (Clone: MOPC-21) isotype control&#160;</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>400151</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cytofix/Cytoperm</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>554714</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>15ml polypropylene centrifuge tubes</td>
			<td>Genesee Scientific</td>
			<td>21-103</td>
			<td>conical bottom&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>50ml polypropylene centrifuge tubes</td>
			<td>Genesee Scientific</td>
			<td>21-108</td>
			<td>conical bottom</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>12x75mm round-bottom polypropylene FACS tubes&#160;</td>
			<td>Fisherbrand</td>
			<td>14-956-1B</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>FACSAria Special Order Research Product flow cytometer/cell sorter</td>
			<td>BD&#160;</td>
			<td>650033</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Class II Biological Safety Cabinet</td>
			<td>The Baker Company</td>
			<td>SG603</td>
			<td>model: SterilGARD III Advance</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

isolation and flow cytometric analysis of glioma-infiltrating peripheral blood mononuclear cells

Unser Labor hat kürzlich gezeigt, dass natürliche Killerzellen (NK) in der Lage, die Beseitigung orthotop implantierten Maus GL26 und Ratten-ZNS-1 malignen Gliomen bald nach intrakraniellen Transplantation, wenn die Krebszellen sind mangelhaft in ihrer Expression des β-Galactosid-bindenden Lektin Galectin erbrachten -1 (Gal-1). Neuere Arbeiten zeigt nun, dass eine Population von Gr-1 + / CD11b + myeloiden Zellen ist wichtig, diesen Effekt. Zum besseren Verständnis der Mechanismen, durch die NK und myeloide Zellen zusammenwirken, um Gal-1-defizienten Tumorabstoßung verleihen haben wir ein umfassendes Protokoll für die Isolierung und Analyse von Gliom-infiltrierenden mononukleären peripheren Blutzellen (PBMC) entwickelt. Das Verfahren wird hier durch den Vergleich PBMC Infiltration in das Tumormikroumgebung demonstriert gal-1-exprimierenden GL26 Gliome mit denen gemacht über shRNA Zuschlags gal-1-Mangel. Das Protokoll beginnt mit einer Beschreibung, wie Kultur und bereiten GL26 cells zur Impfung in den syngenen C57BL / 6J Maus Gehirn. Er erklärt dann die Schritte in der Isolation und durchflusszytometrische Analyse von Gliom-Infiltration PBMCs aus dem frühen Gehirn Tumor-Mikroumgebung beteiligt. Das Verfahren ist adaptierbar an einer Reihe von in vivo Versuchsanordnungen, in denen zeitliche Daten auf Immuninfiltration in das Gehirn erforderlich. Die Methode ist empfindlich und hoch reproduzierbare, als Gliom-Infiltration PBMCs aus intrakraniellen Tumoren so schnell wie 24 Stunden nach der Tumor-Transplantation mit vom Zeitpunkt abgestimmt Tumoren im gesamten unabhängigen Experimenten beobachtet ähnliche Zellzahlen isoliert werden. Eine einzelne Experimentator kann das Verfahren aus dem Gehirn der Ernte durchzuführen, um zytometrische Analyse von Gliom-infiltrierenden PBMCs fließen in etwa 4-6 Stunden, je nach der Anzahl der zu analysierenden Proben. Alternative Gliom-Modelle und / oder zellspezifischen Nachweis Antikörper können auch an der Experimentatoren Ermessen verwendet werden, um das Eindringen von mehreren anderen immun zu bewertene Zelltypen von Interesse ohne die Notwendigkeit für die Änderung des Gesamtverfahrens.

Die folgende Gating-Strategie für ein typisches Experiment verwendet: FSC-A vs. SSC-A → SSC-H vs. SSC-W → FSC-H vs. FSC-W → CD45 vs. Zahl → Gr-1 vs. CD11b → NK1.1 vs. Count. Tore mit auf Gr-1 + / CD11b + myeloiden Zellen und NK1.1 + NK-Zellen werden dann auf schichtet GzmB Ausdruck (5A) beruht. Backgating diese Zellen als NK1.1 + NK-Zellen und Gr-1 + / CD11b + myeloischen Zellen in unseren Experimenten auf FSC-A vs. SSC-A den k...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Isolation and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Glioma-infiltrating Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells at JoVE.com

Isolation and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Glioma-infiltrating Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells

Dargestellt ist hier die einfache Methode zur Isolierung und Durchflusszytometrieanalyse Gliom-infiltrierenden mononukleären peripheren Blutzellen, die zeitabhängige quantitative Daten über die Anzahl und Aktivierungsstatus von Immunzellen in das Gehirn frühen Tumorumgebung ergibt.

Isolierung und Analyse über Durchflusszytometrie von Gliom-Infiltration peripheren mononukleären Blutzellen

Our laboratory has recently demonstrated that natural killer (NK) cells are capable of eradicating orthotopically implanted mouse GL26 and rat CNS-1 ...

isolation-flow-cytometric-analysis-glioma-infiltrating-peripheral

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

15.6K Aufrufe.  University of Michigan.  Dargestellt ist hier die einfache Methode zur Isolierung und Durchflusszytometrieanalyse Gliom-infiltrierenden mononukleären peripheren Blutzellen, die zeitabhängige quantitative Daten über die Anzahl und Aktivierungsstatus von Immunzellen in das Gehirn frühen Tumorumgebung ergibt. 

Serie: Isolation and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Glioma-infiltrating Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells

Isolation of Mouse Peritoneal Cavity Cells

The peritoneal cavity is a membrane-bound and fluid-filled abdominal cavity of mammals, which contains the liver, spleen, most of the gastro-intestinal tract and other viscera. It harbors a number of immune cells including macrophages, B cells and T cells. The presence of a high number of na&iuml;ve macrophages in the peritoneal cavity makes it a preferred site for the collection of na&iuml;ve tissue resident macrophages (1). The peritoneal cavity is also important to the study of B cells because of the presence of a unique peritoneal cavity-resident B cell subset known as B1 cells in addition to conventional B2 cells. B1 cells are subdivided into B1a and B1b cells, which can be distinguished by the surface expression of CD11b and CD5. B1 cells are an important source of natural IgM providing early protection from a variety of pathogens (2-4). These cells are autoreactive in nature (5), but how they are controlled to prevent autoimmunity is still not understood completely. On the contrary, CD5+ B1a cells possess some regulatory properties by virtue of their IL-10 producing capacity (6). Therefore, peritoneal cavity B1 cells are an interesting cell population to study because of their diverse function and many unaddressed questions associated with their development and regulation. The isolation of peritoneal cavity resident immune cells is tricky because of the lack of a defined structure inside the peritoneal cavity. Our protocol will describe a procedure for obtaining viable immune cells from the peritoneal cavity of mice, which then can be used for phenotypic analysis by flow cytometry and for different biochemical and immunological assays.

The peritoneal cavity in mammals contains different immune cell populations crucial for innate immune responses. An efficient isolation method is required for biochemical and functional analyses of these cells. Here we provide a comprehensive method for the isolation of peritoneal cavity cells in the mouse.

Isolierung von Maus Bauchhöhle Cells

The peritoneal cavity is a membrane-bound and fluid-filled abdominal cavity of mammals, which contains the liver, spleen, most of the gastro-intestinal ...

Forschung

Immunologie und Infektion

Detecting Glycogen in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells with Periodic Acid Schiff Staining

Periodic acid Schiff (PAS) staining is an immunohistochemical technique used on muscle biopsies and as a diagnostic tool for blood samples. Polysaccharides such as glycogen, glycoproteins, and glycolipids stain bright magenta making it easy to enumerate positive and negative cells within the tissue. In muscle cells PAS staining is used to determine the glycogen content in different types of muscle cells, while in blood cell samples PAS staining has been explored as a diagnostic tool for a variety of conditions. Blood contains a proportion of white blood cells that belong to the immune system. The notion that cells of the immune system possess glycogen and use it as an energy source has not been widely explored. Here, we describe an adapted version of the PAS staining protocol that can be applied on peripheral blood mononuclear immune cells from human venous blood. Small cells with PAS-positive granules and larger cells with diffuse PAS staining were observed. Treatment of samples with amylase abrogates these patterns confirming the specificity of the stain. An alternate technique based on enzymatic digestion confirmed the presence and amount of glycogen in the samples. This protocol is useful for hematologists or immunologists studying polysaccharide content in blood-derived lymphocytes.

Periodic acid Schiff staining is a technique that visualizes the polysaccharide content of tissues. This article demonstrates periodic acid Schiff staining protocol adapted for use on peripheral blood mononuclear cells purified from human venous blood. Such samples are enriched for lymphocytes and other white blood cells of the immune system.

Erkennen von Glykogen in peripheren mononukleären Blutzellen mit Perjodsäure-Schiff-Färbung

Periodic acid Schiff (PAS) staining is an immunohistochemical technique used on muscle biopsies and as a diagnostic tool for blood samples. ...

Isolation and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Immune Cells from the Ischemic Mouse Brain

Ischemic stroke initiates a robust inflammatory response that starts in the intravascular compartment and involves rapid activation of brain resident cells. A key mechanism of this inflammatory response is the migration of circulating immune cells to the ischemic brain facilitated by chemokine release and increased endothelial adhesion molecule expression. Brain-invading leukocytes are well-known contributing to early-stage secondary ischemic injury, but their significance for the termination of inflammation and later brain repair has only recently been noticed.
Here, a simple protocol for the efficient isolation of immune cells from the ischemic mouse brain is provided. After transcardial perfusion, brain hemispheres are dissected and mechanically dissociated. Enzymatic digestion with Liberase&#160;is followed by density gradient (such as Percoll) centrifugation to remove myelin and cell debris. One major advantage of this protocol is the single-layer density gradient procedure which does not require time-consuming preparation of gradients and can be reliably performed. The approach yields highly reproducible cell counts per brain hemisphere and allows for measuring several flow cytometry panels in one biological replicate. Phenotypic characterization and quantification of brain-invading leukocytes after experimental stroke may contribute to a better understanding of their multifaceted roles in ischemic injury and repair.

Inflammation plays a central role in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke. Increasing evidence suggests that it acts as a double-edged sword which exacerbates early brain injury, but also contributes to later repair. This protocol describes the isolation of immune cells from the ischemic brain and their subsequent flow cytometric phenotyping.

Isolation und Analyse über Durchflusszytometrie von Immunzellen aus dem ischämischen Gehirn der Maus

Ischemic stroke initiates a robust inflammatory response that starts in the intravascular compartment and involves rapid activation of brain resident ...

Flow Cytometric Analysis of Natural Killer Cell Lytic Activity in Human Whole Blood

NK cell cytotoxicity is a widely used measure to determine the effect of outside intervention on NK cell function. However, the accuracy and reproducibility of this assay can be considered unstable, either because of user&#39;s errors or because of the sensitivity of NK cells to experimental manipulation. To eliminate these issues, a workflow that reduces them to a minimum was established and is presented here. To illustrate, we obtained blood samples, at various time points, from runners (n = 4) that were submitted to an intense bout of exercise. First, NK cells are simultaneously identified and isolated through CD56 tagging and magnetic-based sorting, directly from whole blood and from as little as one milliliter. The sorted NK cells are removed of any reagent or capping antibodies. They can be counted in order to establish an accurate NK cell count per milliliter of blood. Secondly, the sorted NK cells (effectors cells or E) can be mixed with 3,3&#39;-Diotadecyloxacarbocyanine Perchlorate (DiO) tagged K562 cells (target cells or T) at an assay-optimal 1:5 T:E ratio, and analyzed using an imaging flow-cytometer that allows for the visualization of each event and the elimination of any false positive or false negatives (such as doublets or effector cells). This workflow can be completed in about 4 h, and allows for very stable results even when working with human samples. When available, research teams can test several experimental interventions in human subjects, and compare measurements across several time points without compromising the data&#39;s integrity.

This work describes an advanced workflow for the accurate and fast determination of NK (Natural Killer) cell count and NK cell cytotoxicity in human blood samples.

Durchflusszytometrische Analyse von natürlichen Killerzellen lytische Aktivität in menschlichem Vollblut

NK cell cytotoxicity is a widely used measure to determine the effect of outside intervention on NK cell function. However, the accuracy and ...

Isolation and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Human Endocervical Gamma Delta T Cells

The female reproductive tract (FRT) mucosal immune system serves as the first line of defense. Better knowledge of the genital mucosa is therefore essential for understanding pathogenicity of different pathogens including HIV. Gamma delta (GD) T cells are the prototype of &#39;unconventional&#39; T cells and represent a relatively small subset of T cells defined by their expression of heterodimeric T-cell receptors (TCRs) composed of gamma and delta chains. This sets them apart from the classical and much better known CD4+ helper T cells and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells that are defined by alpha-beta TCRs. GD T cells often show tissue-specific localization and are enriched in epithelium. GD T cells orchestrate immune responses in inflammation, tumor surveillance, infectious disease, and autoimmunity.
Here, we present a method to reproducibly isolate and analyze human endocervical intraepithelial GD T lymphocytes. We have used endocervical cytobrush samples from women participating in the Women&#39;s Interagency HIV Infection Study (WIHS). Knowledge about GD T cells interactions during conditions in which there is an insult to the vaginal mucosal could be applied to any clinical study in which mucosal vulnerability is addressed, including the development of vaginal microbicides.In addition, knowledge about mucosal GD T cell responses has potential for application of GD T cell-based immune therapy in treating infectious diseases.

We describe here an isolation method to obtain human endocervical intraepithelial lymphocytes for the analysis of intraepithelial gamma delta T cells. This protocol can be extended for the purification of endocervical gamma delta T cells by magnetic beads or by cell sorting.

Isolierung und Analyse über Durchflusszytometrie der Menschen Endozervikale Gamma-Delta-T-Zellen

The female reproductive tract (FRT) mucosal immune system serves as the first line of defense. Better knowledge of the genital mucosa is therefore ...

Digestion of the Murine Liver for a Flow Cytometric Analysis of Lymphatic Endothelial Cells

Within the liver, lymphatic vessels are found within the portal triad, and their described function is to remove interstitial fluid from the liver to the lymph nodes where cellular debris and antigens can be surveyed. We are very interested in understanding how the lymphatic vasculature might be involved in inflammation and immune cell function within the liver. However, very little has been published establishing digestion protocols for the isolation of lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) from the liver or specific markers that can be used to evaluate liver LECs on a per cell basis. Therefore, we optimized a method for the digestion and staining of the liver in order to evaluate the LEC population in the liver. We are confident that the method outlined here will be useful for the identification and isolation of LECs from the liver and will strengthen our understanding of how LECs respond to the liver microenvironment.

The goal of this protocol is to identify lymphatic endothelial cell populations within the liver using described markers. We utilize collagenase IV and DNase and a gentle mincing of tissue, combined with flow cytometry, to identify a distinct population of lymphatic endothelial cells.

Verdauung der murinen Leber für eine durchflusszytometrischen Analyse der lymphatische Endothelial Zellen

Within the liver, lymphatic vessels are found within the portal triad, and their described function is to remove interstitial fluid from the liver to the ...

Digestion of Whole Mouse Eyes for Multi-Parameter Flow Cytometric Analysis of Mononuclear Phagocytes

The innate immune system plays important roles in ocular pathophysiology including uveitis, diabetic retinopathy, and age-related macular degeneration. Innate immune cells, specifically mononuclear phagocytes, express overlapping cell surface markers, which makes identifying these populations a challenge. Multi-parameter flow cytometry allows for the simultaneous, quantitative analysis of multiple cell surface markers in order to differentiate monocytes, macrophages, microglia, and dendritic cells in mouse eyes. This protocol describes the enucleation of whole mouse eyes, ocular dissection, digestion into a single cell suspension, and staining of the single cell suspension for myeloid cell markers. Additionally, we explain the proper methods for determining voltages using single color controls and for delineating positive gates using fluorescence minus one controls. The major limitation of multi-parameter flow cytometry is the absence of tissue architecture. This limitation can be overcome by multi-parameter flow cytometry of individual ocular compartments or complimentary immunofluorescence staining. However, immunofluorescence is limited by its lack of quantitative analysis and reduced number of fluorophores on most microscopes. We describe the use of multi-parametric flow cytometry to provide highly quantitative analysis of mononuclear phagocytes in laser-induced choroidal neovascularization. Additionally, multi-parameter flow cytometry can be used for the identification of macrophage subsets, fate mapping, and cell sorting for transcriptomic or proteomic studies.

This protocol provides a method to digest whole eyes into a single cell suspension for the purpose of multi-parameter flow cytometric analysis in order to identify specific ocular mononuclear phagocytic populations, including monocytes, microglia, macrophages, and dendritic cells.

Verdauung von Ganzmausaugen für multiparameterflow Cytometric Analysis of Mononuclear Phagozyten

The innate immune system plays important roles in ocular pathophysiology including uveitis, diabetic retinopathy, and age-related macular degeneration. ...

Flotation-Based T Cell Isolation, Activation, and Expansion from Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell Samples Using Microbubbles

The process of isolating T cells from peripheral blood mononuclear&#160;cells (PBMCs) to establish ex vivo cultures is crucial for research, clinical testing, and cell-based therapies. In this study, a simple, novel protocol to isolate, activate, and expand T cells from PBMCs ex vivo is presented. This study utilizes functionalized buoyancy-activated cell sorting (BACS) technology to isolate and activate T cells. Briefly, the protocol involves the positive selection of CD3+ cells from leukopak-derived PBMCs, followed by a 48 h co-stimulation with pre-conjugated anti-CD28-bound streptavidin microbubbles (SAMBs) prior to transduction in 24-well plates. Functionalized microbubbles offer a unique opportunity to buoyantly activate cells, leading to proliferative phenotypes that allow for expansion with minimal exhaustion. This technique offers reduced exhaustion because the co-stimulatory microbubbles remain buoyant and return to the top of the culture medium, thus reducing the amount of time that the expanding cells are in contact with the co-stimulatory factors. The results indicate that the isolated and cultured T cells receive enough stimulation to activate and proliferate but not to an extent that leads to overactivation, which then leads to exhaustion, as demonstrated by the presence of excessive PD-1.

The objective of this study is to demonstrate the feasibility of flotation-based separation to isolate, activate, and expand primary human T cells.

Flotationsbasierte T-Zell-Isolierung, -Aktivierung und -Expansion aus mononukleären Blutproben des menschlichen peripheren Blutes unter Verwendung von Mikrobläschen

The process of isolating T cells from peripheral blood mononuclear&#160;cells (PBMCs) to establish ex vivo cultures is crucial for research, clinical ...

PBMC-Sammlung und Kryolagerung für die mitochondriale Bioenergetikanalyse

Cryopreservation and Bioenergetic Evaluation of Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells

The physiological functions of eukaryotic cells rely on energy mainly provided by mitochondria. Mitochondrial dysfunction is linked to metabolic diseases and aging. Oxidative phosphorylation plays a decisive role, as it is crucial for the maintenance of energetic homeostasis. PBMCs have been identified as a minimally invasive sample to measure mitochondrial function and have been shown to reflect disease conditions. However, measurement of mitochondrial bioenergetic function can be limited by several factors in human samples. Limitations are the amount of samples taken, sampling time, which is often spread over several days, and locations. Cryopreservation of the collected samples can ensure consistent collection and measurement of samples. Care should be taken to ensure that the parameters measured are comparable between cryopreserved and freshly prepared cells. Here, we describe methods for isolating and cryopreserving PBMCs from human blood samples to analyze the bioenergetic function of the mitochondria in these cells. PBMC cryopreserved according to the protocol described here show only minor differences in cell number and viability, adenosine triphosphate levels, and measured respiratory chain activity compared with freshly harvested cells. Only 8-24 mL of human blood is needed for the described preparations, making it possible to collect samples during clinical studies multicentrally and determine their bioenergetics on site.

Autor im Rampenlicht: Konservierung bioenergetischer Parameter in mononukleären Zellen des peripheren Blutes nach Kryokonservierung 

Isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells can be used for the analysis of immune functions and disorders, metabolic diseases, or mitochondrial functions. In this work, we describe a standardized method for the preparation of PBMCs from whole blood and the subsequent cryopreservation. Cryopreservation makes this time and place independent.

Kryokonservierung und bioenergetische Bewertung von mononukleären Zellen des menschlichen peripheren Blutes

The physiological functions of eukaryotic cells rely on energy mainly provided by mitochondria. Mitochondrial dysfunction is linked to metabolic diseases ...