Name: successful in vivo calcium imaging with a head-mount miniaturized microscope in the amygdala of freely behaving mouse
Uploaded: 2020-08-26T14:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 9 min 39 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Successful In vivo Calcium Imaging with a Head-Mount Miniaturized Microscope in the Amygdala of Freely Behaving Mouse at JoVE.com

Diese Arbeit wurde durch Stipendien der Samsung Science and Technology Foundation (Projektnummer SSTF-BA1801-10) unterstützt.

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F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Neural+ensemble+dynamics+underlying+a+long-term+associative+memory.">Neural ensemble dynamics underlying a long-term associative memory.</a> Nature. 543 (7647), 670-675 (2017).</li><li>Cai, D. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+shared+neural+ensemble+links+distinct+contextual+memories+encoded+close+in+time.">A shared neural ensemble links distinct contextual memories encoded close in time.</a> Nature. 534 (7605), 115-118 (2016).</li><li>Lin, M. Z., Schnitzer, M. 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Der Autor hat nichts zu verraten

Geschickte Operationstechniken sind unerlässlich, um eine erfolgreiche optische Kalzium-Bildgebung in vivo mit Kopf-Mount-Miniaturmikroskopie in tieferen Hirnregionen wie der Amygdala zu erreichen, wie wir sie hier beschrieben haben. Obwohl dieses Protokoll eine Richtlinie für optimierte chirurgische Prozesse der Grundplattenbefestigung und der GRIN-Linsenimplantation bietet, können zusätzliche Optimierungsprozesse für kritische Schritte erforderlich sein. Wie im Protokollabschnitt erwähnt, müssen Amygdala-Koordin...

Kalzium ist ein allgegenwärtiger zweiter Botenstoff, der eine entscheidende Rolle in fast allen Zellfunktionen spielt8. In Neuronen führen Aktionspotentialabschuss und synaptische Sendeleistung zu einer schnellen Veränderung der intrazellulären freien [Ca2+]9,10. Daher bietet die Verfolgung von Kalziumtransienten die Möglichkeit, die neuronale Aktivität zu überwachen. GECIs sind leistungsstarke Werkzeuge, die die Überwachung [Ca2+] in definierten Zellpopulationen und intrazellulären Kompartimenten11,12ermöglichen. Unter vielen verschiedenen Arten von proteinbasiertem Kalziumindikator ist GCaMP, eine Ca2+-Sonde, die auf einem einzigen GFP-Molekül13basiert, die am meisten optimierte und daher am weitesten verbreitete GECI. Durch mehrere Runden des Engineerings wurde eine Reihe von Varianten von GCaMP entwickelt12,14,15,16. Wir verwenden einen der kürzlich entwickelten GCaMPs, GCaMP7b, in diesem Protokoll16. GCaMP-Sensoren haben wesentlich zur Untersuchung der Funktionen des neuronalen Schaltkreises in einer Reihe von Modellorganismen beigetragen, wie z. B. der Abbildung von Ca2+ Transienten während der Entwicklung17, in vivo Bildgebung in einer spezifischen kortikalen Schicht18, Messung der Schaltungsdynamik im Motoraufgabenlernen19 und Bildgebung der Zellensembleaktivität im Zusammenhang mit assoziativem Angstgedächtnis im Hippocampus und Amygdala20,21.
Optische Bildgebung von GECIs hat mehrere Vorteile22. Die genetische Codierung ermöglicht es, GECIs für einen längeren Zeitraum stabil in einer bestimmten Teilmenge von Zellen zu exprimieren, die durch genetisches Profil oder spezifische Muster anatomischer Konnektivität definiert sind. Optische Bildgebung ermöglicht in vivo chronische simultane Überwachung von Hunderten bis Tausenden von Neuronen bei lebenden Tieren. Einige optische Bildgebungssysteme wurden für die In-vivo-Bildgebung und Analyse von GECIs im Gehirn frei verhaltender Mäuse mit miniaturisierten Fluoreszenzmikroskopen21,23,24,25entwickelt. Obwohl die optische Bildgebungstechnik in vivo, die auf GECIs, GRIN-Objektiv und einem Head-Mount-Miniaturmikroskop basiert, ein leistungsfähiges Werkzeug ist, um den Zusammenhang zwischen neuronaler Schaltkreisaktivität und Verhalten zu untersuchen, war die Anwendung dieser Technologie auf die Amygdala aufgrund mehrerer technischer Probleme im Zusammenhang mit der Ausrichtung der GRIN-Linse auf Zellen, die GECIs in der Amygdala exzieren, ohne Bewegungsartefakte zu verursachen, die die Qualität der Bildaufnahme stark reduzieren und Zellen finden, die GECIs exdrücken. Dieses Protokoll soll eine hilfreiche Richtlinie für chirurgische Verfahren der Baseplate-Anhaftung und GRIN-Linsenimplantation bieten, die entscheidende Schritte für eine erfolgreiche optische Kalzium-Bildgebung in vivo in der Amygdala sind. Obwohl dieses Protokoll auf die Amygdala abzielt, sind die meisten hier beschriebenen Verfahren allgemein auf andere tiefere Hirnregionen anwendbar. Obwohl dieses Protokoll auf einem bestimmten System (z. B. Inscopix) basiert, kann derselbe Zweck leicht mit anderen alternativen Systemen erreicht werden.

<table><tbody><tr><td>26G needle</td><td>BD</td><td>302002</td><td>Surgery</td></tr><tr><td>AAV1-Syn-GCaMP7b-WPRE</td><td>Addgene</td><td>104493-AAV1</td><td>Surgery</td></tr><tr><td>AAV2/1-CaMKii&amp;alpha;-GFP</td><td>custom made</td><td></td><td>Surgery</td></tr><tr><td>Acrylic-Dental cement (Ortho-jet Acrylic Pink)</td><td>Lang</td><td>1334-pink</td><td>Surgery &amp;amp; Baseplate Attachment</td></tr><tr><td>Air flow manipulator</td><td>Neurotar</td><td>NTR000253-04</td><td>Baseplate Attachment</td></tr><tr><td>Amoxicillin</td><td>SIGMA</td><td>A8523-5G</td><td>Surgery</td></tr><tr><td>Baseplate</td><td>INSCOPIX</td><td>1050-002192</td><td>Baseplate Attachment</td></tr><tr><td>Baseplate cover</td><td>INSCOPIX</td><td>1050-002193</td><td>Baseplate Attachment</td></tr><tr><td>Behavioral apparatus (chamber)</td><td>Coulbourn Instrument</td><td>Testcage</td><td>Behavior test</td></tr><tr><td>Behavioral apparatus (software)</td><td>Coulbourn Instrument</td><td>Freeze Frame</td><td>Behavior test</td></tr><tr><td>Carbon cage</td><td>Neurotar</td><td>180mm x 70mm</td><td>Baseplate Attachment</td></tr><tr><td>Carprofen</td><td>SIGMA</td><td>PHR1452-1G</td><td>Surgery</td></tr><tr><td>Data processing software</td><td>INSCOPIX</td><td>INSCOPIX Data Processing Software</td><td>Baseplate Attachment &amp;amp; Behavior test</td></tr><tr><td>Dexamethasone</td><td>SIGMA</td><td>D1756-500MG</td><td>Surgery</td></tr><tr><td>Drill</td><td>Seyang</td><td>marathon-4</td><td>Surgery</td></tr><tr><td>Drill bur</td><td>ELA</td><td>US1/2, Shank104</td><td>Surgery</td></tr><tr><td>Glass needle</td><td>WPI</td><td>PG10165-4</td><td>Surgery</td></tr><tr><td>GRIN lens (INSCOPIX Proview Lens Probe)</td><td>INSCOPIX</td><td>1050-002208</td><td>Surgery</td></tr><tr><td>Hamilton Syringe</td><td>Hamilton</td><td>84875</td><td>Surgery</td></tr><tr><td>Head plate</td><td>Neurotar</td><td>Model 5</td><td>Surgery</td></tr><tr><td>Hex-key</td><td>INSCOPIX</td><td>1050-004195</td><td>Baseplate Attachment</td></tr><tr><td>Laptop computer</td><td>Samsung</td><td>NT950XBV</td><td>Surgery &amp;amp; Baseplate Attachment</td></tr><tr><td>Lens holder, Stereotaxic rod (INSCOPIX proview implant kit)</td><td>INSCOPIX</td><td>1050-004223</td><td>Surgery</td></tr><tr><td>Microscope gripper</td><td>INSCOPIX</td><td>1050-002199</td><td>Baseplate Attachment</td></tr><tr><td>Microscope, DAQ software, hardware</td><td>INSCOPIX</td><td>nVista 3.0</td><td>Baseplate Attachment &amp;amp; Behavior test</td></tr><tr><td>Mobile homecage</td><td>Neurotar</td><td>MHC V5</td><td>Baseplate Attachment</td></tr><tr><td>Moterized arm</td><td>Neurostar</td><td>Customized</td><td>Surgery</td></tr><tr><td>Moterized arm software</td><td>Neurostar</td><td>Customized</td><td>Surgery</td></tr><tr><td>NI board</td><td>National instrument</td><td></td><td>Behavior test</td></tr><tr><td>Removable epoxy bond</td><td>WPI</td><td>Kwik-Cast</td><td>Surgery</td></tr><tr><td>Resin cement (Super-bond)</td><td>Sun medical</td><td>Super bond C&amp;amp;B</td><td>Surgery</td></tr><tr><td>Skull screw</td><td>Stoelting</td><td>51457</td><td>Surgery</td></tr><tr><td>Stereotaxic electrode holder</td><td>ASI</td><td>EH-600</td><td>Surgery</td></tr><tr><td>Stereotaxic frame</td><td>Stoelting</td><td>51600</td><td>Surgery</td></tr><tr><td>Stereotaxic manipulator</td><td>Stoelting</td><td>51600</td><td>Baseplate Attachment</td></tr></tbody></table>

successful in vivo calcium imaging with a head-mount miniaturized microscope in the amygdala of freely behaving mouse

In vivo Echtzeit-Überwachung von neuronalen Aktivitäten bei frei beweglichen Tieren ist einer der wichtigsten Ansätze, um neuronale Aktivität mit Verhalten zu verknüpfen. Zu diesem Zweck wurde eine in vivo-Bildgebungstechnik entwickelt, die Kalziumtransienten in Neuronen mithilfe genetisch kodierter Calciumindikatoren (GECIs), eines miniaturisierten Fluoreszenzmikroskops und einer Gradienten-Refraktiven-Index-Linse (GRIN) erkennt und erfolgreich auf viele Gehirnstrukturen1,2,3,4,5,6angewendet. Diese bildgebende Technik ist besonders leistungsfähig, da sie eine chronische simultane Bildgebung genetisch definierter Zellpopulationen über einen längeren Zeitraum bis zu mehreren Wochen ermöglicht. Obwohl nützlich, diese bildgebende Technik wurde nicht leicht auf Gehirnstrukturen angewendet, die tief im Gehirn wie Amygdala, eine wesentliche Gehirnstruktur für emotionale Verarbeitung und assoziative Angst Gedächtnis7lokalisieren. Es gibt mehrere Faktoren, die es schwierig machen, die bildgebende Technik auf die Amygdala anzuwenden. Zum Beispiel treten Bewegungsartefakte in der Regel häufiger während der Bildgebung in den tieferen Hirnregionen auf, weil ein tief in das Gehirn implantiertes Kopf-Mount-Mikroskop relativ instabil ist. Ein weiteres Problem ist, dass der seitliche Ventrikel in der Nähe der implantierten GRIN-Linse positioniert ist und seine Bewegung während der Atmung zu hochunregelmäßigen Bewegungsartefakten führen kann, die nicht leicht korrigiert werden können, was es schwierig macht, eine stabile bildgebende Ansicht zu bilden. Da die Zellen in der Amygdala in der Regel in einem ruhenden oder anästhesierten Zustand ruhig sind, ist es schwierig, die Zielzellen, die GECI in der Amygdala exzieren, während des Baseplating-Verfahrens für eine spätere Bildgebung zu finden und zu fokussieren. Dieses Protokoll bietet eine hilfreiche Anleitung, wie zellen, die GECI in der Amygdala exemiten, effizient mit einem miniaturisierten Mikroskop mit Kopfmontage für eine erfolgreiche In-vivo-Calcium-Bildgebung in einer so tieferen Hirnregion gezielt werden können. Es wird darauf hingewiesen, dass dieses Protokoll auf einem bestimmten System (z. B. Inscopix) basiert, aber nicht darauf beschränkt ist.

Validierung der GRIN-Linsenimplantation Bevor die Grundplatte chronisch durch Zementieren am Gehirn befestigt wird, muss die GRIN-Linsenimplantation validiert werden. Bei Tieren mit erfolgreicher Linsenimplantation wurden sowohl GCaMP-Extierzellen als auch Blutgefäße innerhalb eines Fokalebenenbereichs deutlich beobachtet, der durch den Abstand zwischen objektiver Linse des Mikroskops und implantierter GRIN-Linse bestimmt wurde (Abbildung 2Aund...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Successful In vivo Calcium Imaging with a Head-Mount Miniaturized Microscope in the Amygdala of Freely Behaving Mouse at JoVE.com

Successful In vivo Calcium Imaging with a Head-Mount Miniaturized Microscope in the Amygdala of Freely Behaving Mouse

In vivo mikroendoskopische Kalzium-Bildgebung ist ein unschätzbares Werkzeug, das Echtzeit-Überwachung von neuronalen Aktivitäten bei frei verhaltenden Tieren ermöglicht. Jedoch, Anwendung dieser Technik auf die Amygdala war schwierig. Dieses Protokoll soll eine nützliche Leitlinie für die erfolgreiche Ausrichtung auf Amygdala-Zellen mit einem miniaturisierten Mikroskop bei Mäusen bieten.

Erfolgreiche In-vivo-Calcium-Bildgebung mit einem kopfmontierten Miniaturmikroskop in der Amygdala der frei verhaltenden Maus

In vivo real-time monitoring of neuronal activities in freely moving animals is one of key approaches to link neuronal activity to behavior. For this ...

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12.1K Aufrufe.  Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST). In vivo mikroendoskopische Kalzium-Bildgebung ist ein unschätzbares Werkzeug, das Echtzeit-Überwachung von neuronalen Aktivitäten bei frei verhaltenden Tieren ermöglicht. Jedoch, Anwendung dieser Technik auf die Amygdala war schwierig. Dieses Protokoll soll eine nützliche Leitlinie für die erfolgreiche Ausrichtung auf Amygdala-Zellen mit einem miniaturisierten Mikroskop bei Mäusen bieten.

Serie: Successful In vivo Calcium Imaging with a Head-Mount Miniaturized Microscope in the Amygdala of Freely Behaving Mouse

Two-photon Calcium Imaging in Mice Navigating a Virtual Reality Environment

In recent years, two-photon imaging has become an invaluable tool in neuroscience, as it allows for chronic measurement of the activity of genetically identified cells during behavior1-6. Here we describe methods to perform two-photon imaging in mouse cortex while the animal navigates a virtual reality environment. We focus on the aspects of the experimental procedures that are key to imaging in a behaving animal in a brightly lit virtual environment. The key problems that arise in this experimental setup that we here address are: minimizing brain motion related artifacts, minimizing light leak from the virtual reality projection system, and minimizing laser induced tissue damage. We also provide sample software to control the virtual reality environment and to do pupil tracking. With these procedures and resources it should be possible to convert a conventional two-photon microscope for use in behaving mice.

Here we describe the experimental procedures involved in two-photon imaging of mouse cortex during behavior in a virtual reality environment.

Zwei-Photonen-Calcium Imaging in Mäuse Navigieren in einer Virtual-Reality-Umgebung

In recent years, two-photon imaging has become an invaluable tool in neuroscience, as it allows for chronic measurement of the activity of genetically ...

Forschung

Verhalten

In vivo Calcium Imaging in Mouse Inferior Olive

Inferior olive (IO), a nucleus in the ventral medulla, is the only source of climbing fibers that form one of the two input pathways entering the cerebellum. IO has long been proposed to be crucial for motor control and its activity is currently considered to be at the center of many hypotheses of both motor and cognitive functions of the cerebellum. While its physiology and function have been relatively well studied on single-cell level in vitro, presently there are no reports on the organization of the IO network activity in living animals. This is largely due to the extremely challenging anatomical location of the IO, making it difficult to subject to conventional fluorescent imaging methods, where an optic path must be created through the entire brain located dorsally to the region of interest.
Here we describe an alternative method for obtaining state-of-the-art -level calcium imaging data from the IO network. The method takes advantage of the extreme ventral location of the IO and involves a surgical procedure for inserting a gradient-refractive index (GRIN) lens through the neck viscera to come into contact with the ventral surface of the calcium sensor GCaMP6s-expressing IO in anesthetized mice. A representative calcium imaging recording is shown to demonstrate the feasibility to record IO neuron activity after the surgery. While this is a non-survival surgery and the recordings must be conducted under anesthesia, it avoids damage to life-critical brainstem nuclei and allows conducting large variety of experiments investigating spatiotemporal activity patterns and input integration in the IO. This procedure with modifications could be used for recordings in other, adjacent regions of the ventral brainstem.

In vivo Calcium Imaging in Mouse Inferior Olive

We present a protocol to expose the brainstem of adult mouse from the ventral side. By using a gradient-refractive index lens with a miniature microscope, calcium imaging can be used to examine the activity of inferior olive neural somata in vivo.

In vivo Calcium Imaging in Maus Inferior Olive

Inferior olive (IO), a nucleus in the ventral medulla, is the only source of climbing fibers that form one of the two input pathways entering the ...

Neurowissenschaften

Craniotomy Procedure for Visualizing Neuronal Activities in Hippocampus of Behaving Mice

Imaging neuronal activities at single-cell resolution in awake behaving animals is a very powerful approach for the investigation of neural circuit functions in systems neuroscience. However, high absorbance and scattering of light in mammalian tissue limit intravital imaging mostly to superficial brain regions, leaving deep-brain areas, such as the hippocampus, out of reach for optical microscopy. In this video, we show the preparation and implantation of the custom-made imaging window to enable chronic in vivo imaging of the dorsal hippocampal CA1 region in head-fixed behaving mice. The custom-made window is supplemented with an infusion cannula that allows targeted delivery of viral vectors and drugs to the imaging area. By combining this preparation with wide-field imaging, we performed a long-term recording of neuronal activity using a fluorescent calcium indicator from large subsets of neurons in behaving mice over several weeks. We also demonstrated the applicability of this preparation for voltage imaging with single-spike resolution. High-performance genetically encoded indicators of neuronal activity and scientific CMOS cameras allowed the recurrent visualization of subcellular morphological details of single neurons at high temporal resolution. We also discuss the advantages and potential limitations of the described method and its compatibility with other imaging techniques.

This article demonstrates the preparation of a custom-made imaging window supplemented with infusion cannula and its implantation onto the CA1 region of the hippocampus in mice.

Kraniotomie-Verfahren zur Visualisierung neuronaler Aktivitäten im Hippocampus von sich benehmenden Mäusen

Imaging neuronal activities at single-cell resolution in awake behaving animals is a very powerful approach for the investigation of neural circuit ...

Implantation of a Cranial Window for Repeated In Vivo Imaging in Awake Mice

To fully understand the cellular physiology of neurons and glia in behaving animals, it is necessary to visualize their morphology and record their activity in vivo in behaving mice. This paper describes a method for the implantation of a chronic cranial window to allow for the longitudinal imaging of brain cells in awake, head-restrained mice. In combination with genetic strategies and viral injections, it is possible to label specific cells and regions of interest with structural or physiological markers. This protocol demonstrates how to combine viral injections to label neurons in the vicinity of GCaMP6-expressing astrocytes in the cortex for simultaneous imaging of both cells through a cranial window. Multiphoton imaging of the same cells can be performed for days, weeks, or months in awake, behaving animals. This approach provides researchers with a method for viewing cellular dynamics in real time and can be applied to answer a number of questions in neuroscience.

Implantation of a Cranial Window for Repeated In Vivo Imaging in Awake Mice

Presented here is a protocol for the implantation of a chronic cranial window for the longitudinal imaging of brain cells in awake, head-restrained mice.

Implantation eines kranialen Fensters für wiederholte In-vivo-Bildgebung bei wachen Mäusen

To fully understand the cellular physiology of neurons and glia in behaving animals, it is necessary to visualize their morphology and record their ...

Stereotaxic Viral Injection and Gradient-Index Lens Implantation for Deep Brain In Vivo Calcium Imaging

A miniature fluorescence microscope (miniscope) is a potent tool for in vivo calcium imaging from freely behaving animals. It offers several advantages over conventional multi-photon calcium imaging systems: (1) compact; (2) light-weighted; (3) affordable; and (4) allows recording from freely behaving animals. This protocol describes brain surgeries for deep brain in vivo calcium imaging using a custom-developed miniscope recording system. The preparation procedure consists of three steps, including (1) stereotaxically injecting the virus at the desired brain region of a mouse brain to label a specific subgroup of neurons with genetically encoded calcium sensor; (2) implantation of gradient-index (GRIN) lens that can relay calcium image from deep brain region to the miniscope system; and (3) affixing the miniscope holder over the mouse skull where miniscope can be attached later. To perform in vivo calcium imaging, the miniscope is fastened onto the holder, and neuronal calcium images are collected along with simultaneous behavior recordings. The present surgery protocol is compatible with any commercial or custom-built single-photon and two-photon imaging systems for deep brain in vivo calcium imaging.

Stereotaxic Viral Injection and Gradient-Index Lens Implantation for Deep Brain In Vivo Calcium Imaging

Miniscope in vivo calcium imaging is a powerful technique to study neuronal dynamics and microcircuits in freely behaving mice. This protocol describes performing brain surgeries to achieve good in vivo calcium imaging using a miniscope.

Stereotaktische virale Injektion und Gradientenindex-Linsenimplantation für Deep Brain In Vivo Calcium Imaging

A miniature fluorescence microscope (miniscope) is a potent tool for in vivo calcium imaging from freely behaving animals. It offers several advantages ...

Simultaneous Imaging of Microglial Dynamics and Neuronal Activity in Awake Mice

Since brain functions are under the continuous influence of the signals derived from peripheral tissues, it is critical to elucidate how glial cells in the brain sense various biological conditions in the periphery and transmit the signals to neurons. Microglia, immune cells in the brain, are involved in synaptic development and plasticity. Therefore, the contribution of microglia to neural circuit construction in response to the internal state of the body should be tested critically by intravital imaging of the relationship between microglial dynamics and neuronal activity.
Here, we describe a technique for the simultaneous imaging of microglial dynamics and neuronal activity in awake mice. Adeno-associated virus encoding R-CaMP, a gene-encoded calcium indicator of red fluorescence protein, was injected into layer 2/3 of the primary visual cortex in CX3CR1-EGFP transgenic mice expressing EGFP in microglia. After viral injection, a cranial window was installed onto the brain surface of the injected region. In vivo two-photon imaging in awake mice 4 weeks after the surgery demonstrated that neural activity and microglial dynamics could be recorded simultaneously at the sub-second temporal resolution. This technique can uncover the coordination between microglial dynamics and neuronal activity, with the former responding to peripheral immunological states and the latter encoding the internal brain states.

Here, we describe a protocol combining adeno-associated virus injection with cranial window implantation for simultaneous imaging of microglial dynamics and neuronal activity in awake mice.

Simultane Bildgebung von Mikrogliadynamik und neuronaler Aktivität in wachen Mäusen

Since brain functions are under the continuous influence of the signals derived from peripheral tissues, it is critical to elucidate how glial cells in ...

In Vivo Wide-Field and Two-Photon Calcium Imaging from a Mouse Using a Large Cranial Window

Wide-field calcium imaging from the mouse&#39;s neocortex allows one to observe cortex-wide neural activity related to various brain functions. On the other hand, two-photon imaging can resolve the activity of local neural circuits at the single-cell level. It is critical to make a large cranial window to perform multiple-scale analysis using both imaging techniques in the same mouse. To achieve this, one must remove a large section of the skull and cover the exposed cortical surface with transparent materials. Previously, glass skulls and polymer-based cranial windows have been developed for this purpose, but these materials are not easily fabricated. The present protocol describes a simple method for making a large cranial window consisting of commercially available polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC) wrapping film, a transparent silicone plug, and a cover glass. For imaging the dorsal surface of an entire hemisphere, the window size was approximately 6 x 3 mm2. Severe brain vibrations were not observed regardless of such a large window. Importantly, the condition of the brain surface did not deteriorate for more than one month. Wide-field imaging of a mouse expressing a genetically-encoded calcium indicator (GECI), GCaMP6f, specifically in astrocytes, revealed synchronized responses in a few millimeters. Two-photon imaging of the same mouse showed prominent calcium responses in individual astrocytes over several seconds. Furthermore, a thin layer of an adeno-associated virus was applied to the PVDC film and successfully expressed GECI in cortical neurons over the cranial window. This technique is reliable and cost-effective for making a large cranial window and facilitates the investigation of the neural and glial dynamics and their interactions during behavior at the macroscopic and microscopic levels.

In Vivo Wide-Field and Two-Photon Calcium Imaging from a Mouse Using a Large Cranial Window

The present protocol describes making a large (6 x 3 mm2) cranial window using food wrap, transparent silicone, and cover glass. This cranial window allows in vivo wide-field and two-photon calcium imaging experiments in the same mouse.

Im lebenden Organismus Weitfeld- und Zwei-Photonen-Kalzium-Bildgebung einer Maus mit einem großen Schädelfenster

Wide-field calcium imaging from the mouse&#39;s neocortex allows one to observe cortex-wide neural activity related to various brain functions. On the ...

Subcellular Imaging of Neuronal Calcium Handling In Vivo

Calcium (Ca2+) imaging has been largely used to examine neuronal activity, but it is becoming increasingly clear that subcellular Ca2+ handling is a crucial component of intracellular signaling. The visualization of subcellular Ca2+ dynamics in vivo,&#160;where neurons can be studied in their native, intact circuitry, has proven technically challenging in complex nervous systems. The transparency and relatively simple nervous system of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans enable the cell-specific expression and in vivo visualization of fluorescent tags and indicators. Among these are fluorescent indicators that have been modified for use in the cytoplasm as well as various subcellular compartments, such as the mitochondria. This protocol enables non-ratiometric Ca2+ imaging in vivo with a subcellular resolution that permits the analysis of Ca2+ dynamics down to the level of individual dendritic spines and mitochondria. Here, two available genetically encoded indicators with different Ca2+ affinities are used to demonstrate the use of this protocol for measuring relative Ca2+ levels within the cytoplasm or mitochondrial matrix in a single pair of excitatory interneurons (AVA). Together with the genetic manipulations and longitudinal observations possible in C. elegans, this imaging protocol may be useful for answering questions regarding how Ca2+ handling regulates neuronal function and plasticity.

Subcellular Imaging of Neuronal Calcium Handling In Vivo

The current methods describe a non-ratiometric approach for high-resolution, sub-compartmental calcium imaging in vivo in Caenorhabditis elegans using readily available genetically encoded calcium indicators.

Subzelluläre Bildgebung des neuronalen Calcium-Handlings in vivo

Calcium (Ca2+) imaging has been largely used to examine neuronal activity, but it is becoming increasingly clear that subcellular Ca2+ handling is a ...

Zwei-Photonen- und Weitfeld-Kalziumbildgebung im Colliculus superior

Calcium Imaging in Mouse Superior Colliculus

The superior colliculus (SC), an evolutionarily conserved midbrain structure in all vertebrates, is the most sophisticated visual center before the emergence of the cerebral cortex. It receives direct inputs from ~30 types of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), with each encoding a specific visual feature. It remains elusive whether the SC simply inherits retinal features or if additional and potentially de novo processing occurs in the SC. To reveal the neural coding of visual information in the SC, we provide here a detailed protocol to optically record visual responses with two complementary methods in awake mice. One method uses two-photon microscopy to image calcium activity at single-cell resolution without ablating the overlaying cortex, while the other uses wide-field microscopy to image the whole SC of a mutant mouse whose cortex is largely undeveloped. This protocol details these two methods, including animal preparation, viral injection, headplate implantation, plug implantation, data acquisition, and data analysis. The representative results show that the two-photon calcium imaging reveals visually evoked neuronal responses at single-cell resolution, and the wide-field calcium imaging reveals&#160;neural activity across the entire SC. By combining these two methods, one can reveal the neural coding in the SC at different scales, and such combination can also be applied to other brain regions.

Autor im Rampenlicht: Enthüllung der neuronalen Kodierung und der Mechanismen der visuellen Verarbeitung im Colliculus superior 

This protocol details the procedure for imaging calcium responses in the superior colliculus (SC) of awake mice, including imaging single-neuron activity with two-photon microscopy while leaving the cortex intact in wild-type mice, and imaging the entire SC with wide-field microscopy in partial-cortex mutant mice.

Kalzium-Bildgebung beim Colliculus superior der Maus

The superior colliculus (SC), an evolutionarily conserved midbrain structure in all vertebrates, is the most sophisticated visual center before the ...

Erfolgreiche In-vivo-Calcium-Bildgebung mit einem kopfmontierten Miniaturmikroskop in der Amygdala der frei verhaltenden Maus

Zusammenfassung

Weitere Videos entdecken

Kapitel in diesem Video

Zwei-Photonen-Calcium Imaging in Mäuse Navigieren in einer Virtual-Reality-Umgebung

In vivo Calcium Imaging in Maus Inferior Olive

Kraniotomie-Verfahren zur Visualisierung neuronaler Aktivitäten im Hippocampus von sich benehmenden Mäusen

Implantation eines kranialen Fensters für wiederholte In-vivo-Bildgebung bei wachen Mäusen

Stereotaktische virale Injektion und Gradientenindex-Linsenimplantation für Deep Brain In Vivo Calcium Imaging

Simultane Bildgebung von Mikrogliadynamik und neuronaler Aktivität in wachen Mäusen

Im lebenden Organismus Weitfeld- und Zwei-Photonen-Kalzium-Bildgebung einer Maus mit einem großen Schädelfenster

Subzelluläre Bildgebung des neuronalen Calcium-Handlings in vivo

Kalzium-Bildgebung beim Colliculus superior der Maus

Kalzium-Bildgebung beim Colliculus superior der Maus