Chapter 21
Synthetic Polymers
Características y nomenclatura de los homopolímeros
Polymers that are made up of identical monomer units are called homopolymers. Only one repeating unit is involved in the construction of the homopolymer ...
Características y nomenclatura de los copolímeros
Copolymers are the products obtained from the polymerization of multiple monomer species. So, in a polymer chain itself, there can be multiple repeating ...
Polímeros: Definiendo el peso molecular
Unlike small molecules with definite molecular weights, polymers are a mixture of individual polymer chains of varying lengths, each with a unique ...
Polímeros: Distribución del peso molecular
For any given polymer, the weight average molecular weight (Mw) is higher than, if not equal to, the number average molecular weight (Mn). The only ...
Clasificación de polímeros: arquitectura
Polymers are classified as linear or branched on the basis of their chain architecture. The polymer chains in linear polymers have a long chain-like ...
Clasificación de polímeros: Cristalinidad
Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. ...
Clasificación de polímeros: estereoespecificidad
Polymerization generates chiral centers along the entire backbone of a polymer chain. Accordingly, the stereochemistry of the substituent group has a ...
Polimerización por crecimiento de cadena radical: descripción general
Chain-growth or addition polymerization is successive addition reactions of monomers with a polymer chain. In radical chain-growth polymerization, the ...
Polimerización por crecimiento de cadena radical: mecanismo
The radical chain-growth polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination of polymerization. The polymerization ...
Polimerización radical por crecimiento de cadena: ramificación de la cadena
The skeletal structure of polymers synthesized via radical polymerization is always branched. For example, the polymerization of ethylene by radical ...
Polimerización de crecimiento en cadena aniónica: descripción general
The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth ...
Polimerización por crecimiento de cadena aniónica: mecanismo
The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic ...
Polimerización de crecimiento en cadena catiónica: mecanismo
The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization ...
Polimerización de crecimiento en cadena Ziegler-Natta: descripción general
Ziegler–Natta polymerization is another form of addition or chain‐growth polymerization used for synthesizing linear polymers over branched ...
Polimerización de crecimiento escalonado: descripción general
Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are ...
Peso molecular de los polímeros de crecimiento escalonado
Step growth polymerization involves bi or multifunctional monomers. Bifunctional monomers react to form linear step growth polymers, whereas ...
Tipos de polímeros de crecimiento escalonado: Poliésteres
The introduction of polyesters has brought major development to the textile industry. The wrinkle-free behavior of polyester blends has eliminated the ...
Polimerización de metátesis de olefinas: descripción general
Recently, the development of olefin metathesis polymerization advanced the field of polymer synthesis. Simply put, the reorganization of substituents on ...
Polimerización de metátesis de olefinas: polimerización de metátesis de apertura de anillo (ROMP)
Ring-opening metathesis polymerization or ROMP involves strained cycloalkenes as starting materials. The mechanism of ROMP proceeds by reacting ...
Polimerización de metátesis de olefinas: metátesis de dieno acíclico (ADMET)
Acyclic diene metathesis polymerization or ADMET polymerization involves cross-metathesis of terminal dienes, such as 1,8-nonadiene, to give linear ...
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