Chapter 21
Synthetic Polymers
均聚物的特性和命名法
Polymers that are made up of identical monomer units are called homopolymers. Only one repeating unit is involved in the construction of the homopolymer ...
共聚物的特性和命名法
Copolymers are the products obtained from the polymerization of multiple monomer species. So, in a polymer chain itself, there can be multiple repeating ...
聚合物:定义分子量
Unlike small molecules with definite molecular weights, polymers are a mixture of individual polymer chains of varying lengths, each with a unique ...
聚合物:分子量分布
For any given polymer, the weight average molecular weight (Mw) is higher than, if not equal to, the number average molecular weight (Mn). The only ...
聚合物分类: 建筑
Polymers are classified as linear or branched on the basis of their chain architecture. The polymer chains in linear polymers have a long chain-like ...
聚合物分类: 结晶度
Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. ...
聚合物分类: 立体特异性
Polymerization generates chiral centers along the entire backbone of a polymer chain. Accordingly, the stereochemistry of the substituent group has a ...
自由基链生长聚合:概述
Chain-growth or addition polymerization is successive addition reactions of monomers with a polymer chain. In radical chain-growth polymerization, the ...
自由基链生长聚合:机理
The radical chain-growth polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination of polymerization. The polymerization ...
自由基链生长聚合:链支化
The skeletal structure of polymers synthesized via radical polymerization is always branched. For example, the polymerization of ethylene by radical ...
阴离子链生长聚合:概述
The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth ...
阴离子链生长聚合:机理
The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic ...
阳离子链生长聚合:机理
The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization ...
Ziegler-Natta 链生长聚合:概述
Ziegler–Natta polymerization is another form of addition or chain‐growth polymerization used for synthesizing linear polymers over branched ...
阶梯生长聚合:概述
Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are ...
阶梯生长聚合物的分子量
Step growth polymerization involves bi or multifunctional monomers. Bifunctional monomers react to form linear step growth polymers, whereas ...
阶梯生长聚合物的类型:聚酯
The introduction of polyesters has brought major development to the textile industry. The wrinkle-free behavior of polyester blends has eliminated the ...
烯烃复分解聚合:概述
Recently, the development of olefin metathesis polymerization advanced the field of polymer synthesis. Simply put, the reorganization of substituents on ...
烯烃复分解聚合:开环复分解聚合 （ROMP）
Ring-opening metathesis polymerization or ROMP involves strained cycloalkenes as starting materials. The mechanism of ROMP proceeds by reacting ...
烯烃复分解聚合:无环二烯复分解 （ADMET）
Acyclic diene metathesis polymerization or ADMET polymerization involves cross-metathesis of terminal dienes, such as 1,8-nonadiene, to give linear ...
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