Capítulo 21
Polímeros Sintéticos
Características e Nomenclatura de Homopolímeros
Polymers that are made up of identical monomer units are called homopolymers. Only one repeating unit is involved in the construction of the homopolymer ...
Características e Nomenclatura dos Copolímeros
Copolymers are the products obtained from the polymerization of multiple monomer species. So, in a polymer chain itself, there can be multiple repeating ...
Polímeros: Definindo Peso Molecular
Unlike small molecules with definite molecular weights, polymers are a mixture of individual polymer chains of varying lengths, each with a unique ...
Polímeros: Distribuição de Peso Molecular
For any given polymer, the weight average molecular weight (Mw) is higher than, if not equal to, the number average molecular weight (Mn). The only ...
Classificação do Polímero: Arquitetura
Polymers are classified as linear or branched on the basis of their chain architecture. The polymer chains in linear polymers have a long chain-like ...
Classificação do Polímero: Cristalinidade
Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. ...
Classificação do Polímero: Estereoespecificidade
Polymerization generates chiral centers along the entire backbone of a polymer chain. Accordingly, the stereochemistry of the substituent group has a ...
Polimerização Radicalar de Crescimento em Cadeia: Visão Geral
Chain-growth or addition polymerization is successive addition reactions of monomers with a polymer chain. In radical chain-growth polymerization, the ...
Polimerização Radicalar de Crescimento em Cadeia: Mecanismo
The radical chain-growth polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination of polymerization. The polymerization ...
Polimerização Radicalar de Crescimento de Cadeia: Ramificação de Cadeia
The skeletal structure of polymers synthesized via radical polymerization is always branched. For example, the polymerization of ethylene by radical ...
Polimerização por Crescimento de Cadeia Aniônica: Visão Geral
The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth ...
Polimerização de Crescimento de Cadeia Aniônica: Mecanismo
The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic ...
Polimerização de Crescimento de Cadeia Catiônica: Mecanismo
The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization ...
Polimerização de Crescimento em Cadeia de Ziegler-Natta: Visão Geral
Ziegler–Natta polymerization is another form of addition or chain‐growth polymerization used for synthesizing linear polymers over branched ...
Polimerização por etapas de crescimento: Visão Geral
Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are ...
Peso Molecular de Polímeros de Crescimento Gradual
Step growth polymerization involves bi or multifunctional monomers. Bifunctional monomers react to form linear step growth polymers, whereas ...
Tipos de Polímeros de Crescimento Gradual: Poliésteres
The introduction of polyesters has brought major development to the textile industry. The wrinkle-free behavior of polyester blends has eliminated the ...
Polimerização de Metátese de Olefinas: Visão Geral
Recently, the development of olefin metathesis polymerization advanced the field of polymer synthesis. Simply put, the reorganization of substituents on ...
Polimerização de Metátese de Olefina: Polimerização de Metátese de Abertura de Anel (ROMP)
Ring-opening metathesis polymerization or ROMP involves strained cycloalkenes as starting materials. The mechanism of ROMP proceeds by reacting ...
Polimerização de Metátese de Olefina: Metátese de Dieno Acíclico (ADMET)
Acyclic diene metathesis polymerization or ADMET polymerization involves cross-metathesis of terminal dienes, such as 1,8-nonadiene, to give linear ...
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