Chapter 21
Synthetic Polymers
Caratteristiche e nomenclatura degli omopolimeri
Polymers that are made up of identical monomer units are called homopolymers. Only one repeating unit is involved in the construction of the homopolymer ...
Caratteristiche e nomenclatura dei copolimeri
Copolymers are the products obtained from the polymerization of multiple monomer species. So, in a polymer chain itself, there can be multiple repeating ...
Polimeri: definizione del peso molecolare
Unlike small molecules with definite molecular weights, polymers are a mixture of individual polymer chains of varying lengths, each with a unique ...
Polimeri: Distribuzione del peso molecolare
For any given polymer, the weight average molecular weight (Mw) is higher than, if not equal to, the number average molecular weight (Mn). The only ...
Classificazione dei polimeri: Architettura
Polymers are classified as linear or branched on the basis of their chain architecture. The polymer chains in linear polymers have a long chain-like ...
Classificazione dei polimeri: Cristallinità
Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. ...
Classificazione dei polimeri: stereospecificità
Polymerization generates chiral centers along the entire backbone of a polymer chain. Accordingly, the stereochemistry of the substituent group has a ...
Polimerizzazione a catena radicalica: Panoramica
Chain-growth or addition polymerization is successive addition reactions of monomers with a polymer chain. In radical chain-growth polymerization, the ...
Polimerizzazione a catena radicalica: meccanismo
The radical chain-growth polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination of polymerization. The polymerization ...
Polimerizzazione a catena radicale: ramificazione a catena
The skeletal structure of polymers synthesized via radical polymerization is always branched. For example, the polymerization of ethylene by radical ...
Polimerizzazione a catena anionica: Panoramica
The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth ...
Polimerizzazione a catena anionica: meccanismo
The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic ...
Polimerizzazione a catena cationica: meccanismo
The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization ...
Polimerizzazione a catena di Ziegler-Natta: Panoramica
Ziegler–Natta polymerization is another form of addition or chain‐growth polymerization used for synthesizing linear polymers over branched ...
Polimerizzazione a stadi: panoramica
Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are ...
Peso molecolare dei polimeri a gradini
Step growth polymerization involves bi or multifunctional monomers. Bifunctional monomers react to form linear step growth polymers, whereas ...
Tipi di polimeri a stadi: Poliesteri
The introduction of polyesters has brought major development to the textile industry. The wrinkle-free behavior of polyester blends has eliminated the ...
Polimerizzazione della metatesi olefinica: panoramica
Recently, the development of olefin metathesis polymerization advanced the field of polymer synthesis. Simply put, the reorganization of substituents on ...
Polimerizzazione della metatesi olefinica: polimerizzazione della metatesi ad apertura dell'anello (ROMP)
Ring-opening metathesis polymerization or ROMP involves strained cycloalkenes as starting materials. The mechanism of ROMP proceeds by reacting ...
Polimerizzazione della metatesi olefinica: metatesi aciclica del diene (ADMET)
Acyclic diene metathesis polymerization or ADMET polymerization involves cross-metathesis of terminal dienes, such as 1,8-nonadiene, to give linear ...
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