Chapter 21
Synthetic Polymers
Caractéristiques et nomenclature des homopolymères
Polymers that are made up of identical monomer units are called homopolymers. Only one repeating unit is involved in the construction of the homopolymer ...
Caractéristiques et nomenclature des copolymères
Copolymers are the products obtained from the polymerization of multiple monomer species. So, in a polymer chain itself, there can be multiple repeating ...
Polymères : définition de la masse moléculaire
Unlike small molecules with definite molecular weights, polymers are a mixture of individual polymer chains of varying lengths, each with a unique ...
Polymères : distribution de la masse moléculaire
For any given polymer, the weight average molecular weight (Mw) is higher than, if not equal to, the number average molecular weight (Mn). The only ...
Classification des polymères : Architecture
Polymers are classified as linear or branched on the basis of their chain architecture. The polymer chains in linear polymers have a long chain-like ...
Classification des polymères : Cristallinité
Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. ...
Classification des polymères : stéréospécificité
Polymerization generates chiral centers along the entire backbone of a polymer chain. Accordingly, the stereochemistry of the substituent group has a ...
Polymérisation en chaîne radicalaire : vue d’ensemble
Chain-growth or addition polymerization is successive addition reactions of monomers with a polymer chain. In radical chain-growth polymerization, the ...
Polymérisation à croissance en chaîne radicalaire : mécanisme
The radical chain-growth polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination of polymerization. The polymerization ...
Polymérisation radicalaire par croissance en chaîne : ramification en chaîne
The skeletal structure of polymers synthesized via radical polymerization is always branched. For example, the polymerization of ethylene by radical ...
Polymérisation par croissance en chaîne anionique : aperçu
The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth ...
Polymérisation par croissance en chaîne anionique : mécanisme
The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic ...
Polymérisation par croissance en chaîne cationique : mécanisme
The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization ...
Polymérisation par croissance en chaîne de Ziegler-Natta : aperçu
Ziegler–Natta polymerization is another form of addition or chain‐growth polymerization used for synthesizing linear polymers over branched ...
Polymérisation par paliers : vue d’ensemble
Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are ...
Poids moléculaire des polymères à croissance par étapes
Step growth polymerization involves bi or multifunctional monomers. Bifunctional monomers react to form linear step growth polymers, whereas ...
Types de polymères à croissance par étapes : Polyesters
The introduction of polyesters has brought major development to the textile industry. The wrinkle-free behavior of polyester blends has eliminated the ...
Polymérisation par métathèse d’oléfine : aperçu
Recently, the development of olefin metathesis polymerization advanced the field of polymer synthesis. Simply put, the reorganization of substituents on ...
Polymérisation par métathèse d’oléfine : polymérisation par métathèse d’ouverture de cycle (ROMP)
Ring-opening metathesis polymerization or ROMP involves strained cycloalkenes as starting materials. The mechanism of ROMP proceeds by reacting ...
Polymérisation de la métathèse des oléfines : métathèse du diène acyclique (ADMET)
Acyclic diene metathesis polymerization or ADMET polymerization involves cross-metathesis of terminal dienes, such as 1,8-nonadiene, to give linear ...
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