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Method Article
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To study combined solid organ and vascularized composite allotransplantation, we describe a novel heterotopic en bloc chest wall, thymus, and heart transplant model in mice using a cervical non-suture cuff technique.
Exploration of novel strategies in organ transplantation to prolong allograft survival and minimizing the need for long-term maintenance immunosuppression must be pursued. Employing vascularized bone marrow transplantation and co-transplantation of the thymus have shown promise in this regard in various animal models.1-11 Vascularized bone marrow transplantation allows for the uninterrupted transfer of donor bone marrow cells within the preserved donor microenvironment, and the incorporation of thymus tissue with vascularized bone marrow transplantation has shown to increase T-cell chimerism ultimately playing a supportive role in the induction of immune regulation. The combination of solid organ and vascularized composite allotransplantation can uniquely combine these strategies in the form of a novel transplant model. Murine models serve as an excellent paradigm to explore the mechanisms of acute and chronic rejection, chimerism, and tolerance induction, thus providing the foundation to propagate superior allograft survival strategies for larger animal models and future clinical application. Herein, we developed a novel heterotopic en bloc chest wall, thymus, and heart transplant model in mice using a cervical non-suture cuff technique. The experience in syngeneic and allogeneic transplant settings is described for future broader immunological investigations via an instructional manuscript and video supplement.
Cardiac transplantation is the treatment of choice for end-stage heart failure. Both technical advancements and pharmacological innovations have propelled the field to early graft acceptance rates above 90%.12,13 Despite this, 60-80% 5-year graft survival is at a standstill and chronic rejection, characterized by transplant vasculopathy, remains inevitable.14-16 Furthermore, patients are subjected to multiple surgical procedures and lifelong immunosuppression, which are associated with chest wall deformities and medical sequelae and toxicities, respectively. The need for innovative approaches to extend allograft survival, minimize the immunosuppressive requirements, and offer reconstructive options for anatomical deformities is pressing.
Vascularized composite allotransplantation offers a unique strategy for improving heart transplant outcomes both from an immunological aspect as well as a reconstructive perspective.17 Vascularized composite allografts are also unique in a way that they have an inherent source of donor-derived hematopoietic stem cells which has shown a favorable ability to reduce immunosuppression and induce and sustain mixed chimerism.1-8 Additionally, co-transplantation of the thymus has shown to prolong survival of both, solid organ transplants and vascularized composite allografts.2,9-11 Combining these strategies with heart transplantation offers a novel solution to the aforementioned challenges facing heart transplantation.18
Murine models serve as excellent platforms for mechanistic in vivo investigation because of the availability of antibodies and well-defined inbred and knockout strains.19-21 Although heart transplantation in mice is commonly studied using a heterotopic intraabdominal microsurgical suture transplant model22-25, a heterotopic, cervical, non-suture cuff technique model has shown to be extremely replicable, reliable, and carries fewer rates of thrombosis.19,26,27 The goal of this study is to develop a heterotopic en bloc osteomyocutaneous chest wall, thymus, and heart transplant technique in mice to study the immunological mechanisms of combined solid organ and vascularized composite allotransplantation using a cervical non-suture cuff technique. This cluster allograft is perfused through the anastomosis of the donor descending aorta to the right common carotid artery and the donor pulmonary artery to the right external jugular vein. Preservation of the internal thoracic vessels and associated thymus branches is paramount to perfusing the chest wall (sternum, ribs, muscles, and skin) and thymus.
Todos los procedimientos quirúrgicos se realizaron en cumplimiento de la Universidad Johns Hopkins y el Departamento de Agricultura de los Estados Unidos y los requisitos del Servicio de Salud Pública. Este protocolo sigue el Comité de Cuidado y Uso de Animales de la Universidad de Johns Hopkins, junta de revisión institucional aprobó directrices (número de protocolo M013M490). Datos de supervivencia final se registró durante los procedimientos quirúrgicos se describen a continuación. Tanto los animales donantes y receptores reciben anestesia preventivos utilizando buprenorfina a 0,1 mg / kg sc una hora antes de la cirugía y en el buprenorfina animal receptor es re-administrado a la misma dosis después del trasplante y re-dosifica según sea necesario en las primeras 48 horas después de cirugía.
1. Donantes aloinjerto Recuperación
Nota: Comience la porción donante del trasplante de 40 minutos antes que el beneficiario del trasplante para minimizar el tiempo de anestesia destinatario y para facilitar una hora de finalización simultánea o ligeramente oídohora de finalización lier frente a la preparación destinatario.
2. Destinatario Preparación
Nota: Para minimizar el tiempo de anestesia destinatario,comenzar la preparación receptor en una estación operativa separada aproximadamente 40 min antes de la finalización de la cosecha del injerto donante.
3. aloinjerto Inserción
4. Cuidado posoperatorio
Singénica C57BL / 6 trasplantes logra la supervivencia a largo plazo. El diseño del aloinjerto (Figura 1) demostró ser un éxito desde una perspectiva supervivencia de los animales y la capacidad de evaluar la supervivencia del aloinjerto en curso. Esto fue demostrado a través de la piel suprayacente seguir siendo viable, crecimiento activo aloinjerto permanente del cabello, y los latidos del corazón pudieron ser evaluados con la visualización y palpación del dedo. Los datos de supervivencia se r...
Hay una multitud de fenómenos que un factor en la investigación inmunológica de alotrasplante, que incluyen pero no se limitan a los mecanismos de rechazo agudo y crónico, la presentación directa e indirecta antígeno, la sensibilización destinatario, o la inducción de quimerismo mixto. 19 Los modelos animales se han convertido el estándar de oro para el estudio de la inmunología del trasplante y modelos de ratón se implementan popularmente debido a su bajo costo, la disponibilidad de ratones transg...
The authors do not have any conflicts of interest or financial disclosures to declare.
This work was funded by the American Association of Plastic Surgeons 2014 Academic Scholar Award.
Name | Company | Catalog Number | Comments |
Euro-Collins Solution | The solution is not commercially purchased but rather prepared in the laboratory. To make a 500 ml solution add the ingredient listed below to a 330 ml of double distilled water. Mix well, and then fill in the rest of the 170 ml of double distilled water into the solution to a final volume of 500 ml. Ingredients: 1.02 g KH2PO4, 3.66 g K2HPO4, 0.56 g KCl, 0.42 g NaHCO3, and 17.52 g of glucose. | ||
Suture | Ethilon | MWI 72667 | 6-0 Ethilon https://www.mwivet.com (MWI - Veterinary Supplies) |
Polyimide Cuff Vein (21G) | Vention Medical | 141-0043 | http://www.ventionmedical.com/products-and-services/polyimide-tubing/ |
Polyimide Cuff Artery (24G) | Vention Medical | 141-0027 | http://www.ventionmedical.com/products-and-services/polyimide-tubing/ |
Soft plastic tip catheter | Terumo | SR*OX2419CA | 24G x 3/4" |
Microsurgical dilator | S&T | D-5a.1 | Dilator, 11 cm, FH, 0.1 mm AT10d |
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