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Method Article
* Questi autori hanno contribuito in egual misura
To study combined solid organ and vascularized composite allotransplantation, we describe a novel heterotopic en bloc chest wall, thymus, and heart transplant model in mice using a cervical non-suture cuff technique.
Exploration of novel strategies in organ transplantation to prolong allograft survival and minimizing the need for long-term maintenance immunosuppression must be pursued. Employing vascularized bone marrow transplantation and co-transplantation of the thymus have shown promise in this regard in various animal models.1-11 Vascularized bone marrow transplantation allows for the uninterrupted transfer of donor bone marrow cells within the preserved donor microenvironment, and the incorporation of thymus tissue with vascularized bone marrow transplantation has shown to increase T-cell chimerism ultimately playing a supportive role in the induction of immune regulation. The combination of solid organ and vascularized composite allotransplantation can uniquely combine these strategies in the form of a novel transplant model. Murine models serve as an excellent paradigm to explore the mechanisms of acute and chronic rejection, chimerism, and tolerance induction, thus providing the foundation to propagate superior allograft survival strategies for larger animal models and future clinical application. Herein, we developed a novel heterotopic en bloc chest wall, thymus, and heart transplant model in mice using a cervical non-suture cuff technique. The experience in syngeneic and allogeneic transplant settings is described for future broader immunological investigations via an instructional manuscript and video supplement.
Cardiac transplantation is the treatment of choice for end-stage heart failure. Both technical advancements and pharmacological innovations have propelled the field to early graft acceptance rates above 90%.12,13 Despite this, 60-80% 5-year graft survival is at a standstill and chronic rejection, characterized by transplant vasculopathy, remains inevitable.14-16 Furthermore, patients are subjected to multiple surgical procedures and lifelong immunosuppression, which are associated with chest wall deformities and medical sequelae and toxicities, respectively. The need for innovative approaches to extend allograft survival, minimize the immunosuppressive requirements, and offer reconstructive options for anatomical deformities is pressing.
Vascularized composite allotransplantation offers a unique strategy for improving heart transplant outcomes both from an immunological aspect as well as a reconstructive perspective.17 Vascularized composite allografts are also unique in a way that they have an inherent source of donor-derived hematopoietic stem cells which has shown a favorable ability to reduce immunosuppression and induce and sustain mixed chimerism.1-8 Additionally, co-transplantation of the thymus has shown to prolong survival of both, solid organ transplants and vascularized composite allografts.2,9-11 Combining these strategies with heart transplantation offers a novel solution to the aforementioned challenges facing heart transplantation.18
Murine models serve as excellent platforms for mechanistic in vivo investigation because of the availability of antibodies and well-defined inbred and knockout strains.19-21 Although heart transplantation in mice is commonly studied using a heterotopic intraabdominal microsurgical suture transplant model22-25, a heterotopic, cervical, non-suture cuff technique model has shown to be extremely replicable, reliable, and carries fewer rates of thrombosis.19,26,27 The goal of this study is to develop a heterotopic en bloc osteomyocutaneous chest wall, thymus, and heart transplant technique in mice to study the immunological mechanisms of combined solid organ and vascularized composite allotransplantation using a cervical non-suture cuff technique. This cluster allograft is perfused through the anastomosis of the donor descending aorta to the right common carotid artery and the donor pulmonary artery to the right external jugular vein. Preservation of the internal thoracic vessels and associated thymus branches is paramount to perfusing the chest wall (sternum, ribs, muscles, and skin) and thymus.
Tutte le procedure operative sono state completate in conformità con la Johns Hopkins University e il Dipartimento dell'Agricoltura degli Stati Uniti e le esigenze di servizio di sanità pubblica. Questo protocollo segue il Hopkins University cura e l'uso degli animali Comitato Johns, comitato istituzionale di revisione approvato le linee guida (numero di protocollo M013M490). Dati di sopravvivenza finale è stato registrato per le procedure chirurgiche descritte di seguito. Entrambi gli animali donatori e beneficiari ricevono l'anestesia di prelazione con buprenorfina a 0.1 mg / kg sc un'ora prima di un intervento chirurgico e la buprenorfina destinatario animale è ri-somministrato alla stessa dose dopo il trapianto e ri-dosato come necessario nelle prime 48 ore dopo l'intervento chirurgico.
1. donatori Allograft recupero
Nota: Inizia la parte del donatore del trapianto 40 minuti prima del trapianto destinatario di minimizzare il tempo di anestesia destinatario e per facilitare un tempo di fine simultaneo o leggermente orecchioora di fine lier contro la preparazione destinatario.
2. Destinatario Preparazione
Nota: Per ridurre al minimo il tempo di anestesia destinatario,iniziare la preparazione destinatario in una stazione operativa separata circa 40 minuti prima del completamento del raccolto allograft donatore.
3. Allograft dell'inserzione
4. Cura postoperatoria
Singenico C57BL / 6 trapianti raggiunto sopravvivenza a lungo termine. Il disegno del eterologo (Figura 1) si sono dimostrati efficaci da una prospettiva di sopravvivenza degli animali e la capacità di valutare la sopravvivenza allograft corso. Questo è stato dimostrato attraverso la pelle sovrastante rimanente praticabile, crescita attiva dei capelli allogenico in corso, e battiti cardiaci sono stati in grado di valutare con la visualizzazione e il dito palpazione. Dati di sopravvivenza è rappresent...
Ci sono una moltitudine di fenomeni che fattore nella ricerca immunologica di allotrapianto, che includono ma non sono limitati a meccanismi di rigetto acuto e cronico, la presentazione diretta e indiretta dell'antigene, destinatario di sensibilizzazione o l'induzione di chimerismo misto. 19 modelli animali sono diventati il gold standard per lo studio di Immunologia dei Trapianti, e modelli di topo sono comunemente implementate a causa del loro basso costo, la disponibilità di transgenici e gene top...
The authors do not have any conflicts of interest or financial disclosures to declare.
This work was funded by the American Association of Plastic Surgeons 2014 Academic Scholar Award.
Name | Company | Catalog Number | Comments |
Euro-Collins Solution | The solution is not commercially purchased but rather prepared in the laboratory. To make a 500 ml solution add the ingredient listed below to a 330 ml of double distilled water. Mix well, and then fill in the rest of the 170 ml of double distilled water into the solution to a final volume of 500 ml. Ingredients: 1.02 g KH2PO4, 3.66 g K2HPO4, 0.56 g KCl, 0.42 g NaHCO3, and 17.52 g of glucose. | ||
Suture | Ethilon | MWI 72667 | 6-0 Ethilon https://www.mwivet.com (MWI - Veterinary Supplies) |
Polyimide Cuff Vein (21G) | Vention Medical | 141-0043 | http://www.ventionmedical.com/products-and-services/polyimide-tubing/ |
Polyimide Cuff Artery (24G) | Vention Medical | 141-0027 | http://www.ventionmedical.com/products-and-services/polyimide-tubing/ |
Soft plastic tip catheter | Terumo | SR*OX2419CA | 24G x 3/4" |
Microsurgical dilator | S&T | D-5a.1 | Dilator, 11 cm, FH, 0.1 mm AT10d |
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