Esta investigación fue apoyada por subvenciones de la Israel Science Foundation (No. 1418-1411) para AHH y (N º 1933/12) a AW, la Fundación Alemana de Israel para que los investigadores jóvenes (GIF joven) de AHH, y el Dr. I . Cabakoff Investigación Fondo de Dotación de la Escuela Hadassah de la Universidad de Medicina Dental de AHH y AW hebreo.

Preparar de antemano: <ul><li> PBS + 2% de FCS </li><li> PBS + 2% de FCS con 2 mg / ml de colagenasa tipo II y 1 mg / ml de DNasa tipo I (1 ml por muestra) </li><li> Instrumentos quirúrgicos esterilizados </li><li> Solución de EDTA 0,5 M </li></ul> 1. Técnica de escisión gingival superior <ol><li> La eutanasia a los ratones con orientación IACUC aprobado. </li><li> Corte ambos lados de la cavidad oral, incluyendo las mejillas y la línea de la mandíbula con rectas / romas tijeras rectas. </li><li> Tire hacia abajo la mandíbula. </li><li> Cortar los tejidos blandos y duros en una línea imaginaria 1 mm por detrás de los molares tercios con unas tijeras estándar. Dirigir las tijeras perpendiculares al plano del hueso palatino (Figura 2A, las líneas azules). </li><li> Una incisión en los tejidos blandos y duros 2 mm por detrás de los incisivos (Figura 2A, las líneas azules). </li><li> Tire hacia abajo la parte anterior de la boca. La cavidad nasal es observable después de este paso. </li><li> Coloque las tijerasparalelo al paladar, puso una hoja en la cavidad nasal, la otra cuchilla debe incidir en el vestíbulo. Corte hasta que la incisión posterior (Figura 2A, línea verde). Repita este paso en ambos lados del maxilar. Al final del maxilar superior se separa del resto del cráneo (Figura 2B). </li><li> Retire el maxilar, se corta en la sutura media (Figura 2, línea de trazos negro) y recortar el tejido palatino de cada hemi-maxilar hasta alcanzar el hueso alveolar. </li><li> Pelar los tejidos gingivales (ambos hemi-maxilares) a partir de su borde anterior con Adson fórceps (sin dientes). </li><li> Coloque la encía extirpado en una placa con PBS + 2% FCS. </li></ol> 2. Gingival Procesamiento <ol><li> Ponga la encía extirpado en una placa de cultivo de tejido (35 x 10 mm) con 1 ml de PBS + 2% de FCS, 2 mg / ml de colagenasa tipo II y 1 mg / ml de DNAsa I. Tipo </li><li> Picar bien el tejido con una cuchilla de 15 ° N quirúrgico estéril. </li><li> Transfer el tejido de la placa a un ml tubo de ensayo cónico de 15. </li><li> Lavar las células de los tejidos / restantes en la placa con 1 ml de PBS + 2% de FCS y la transferencia al mismo tubo de ensayo. </li><li> Incubar en un agitador incubador durante 20 min a 37 ° C, 200 rpm (recomendación: precalentar el incubador). </li><li> Añadir 20 l de EDTA 0,5 M y se incuba durante otros 10 min a 37 ° C, 200 rpm. </li><li> Llenar el tubo de ensayo hasta 12 ml con PBS + 2% de FCS y se centrifuga a 4 ° C, 400 xg durante 8 min (recomendación: pre-enfriamiento de la centrífuga). </li><li> Retire las células sobrenadante y resuspender con 2 ml de PBS + 2% de FCS. </li><li> Filtrar la muestra con una célula de 70 micras-colador y guardar el flujo a través. </li><li> Se centrifuga a 4 ° C, 320 xg durante 5 min. </li><li> Eliminar las células sobrenadante y resuspender con 300 l de PBS + 2% FCS. </li><li> Contar las células (células de aproximadamente 5-10 x 10 5 Se espera que a partir de un solo maxilar). </li></ol> 3. Anticuerpo extracelulares e intracelularesLa tinción para el Análisis de Citometría de Flujo Se recomienda para trabajar dentro de una campana, con las luces apagadas. Es crítico para mantener las células en ambiente frío constante, así como todos los materiales necesarios. <ol><li> Mancha de las células contra moléculas extracelulares mediante la adición de 0,2-0,5 g de cada anticuerpo seleccionado por 1 x 10 6 células en un volumen total de 100 l. </li><li> Brevemente Vortex. </li><li> Incubar los tubos durante 15 minutos en la oscuridad a 4 ° C. </li><li> Lavar las células con 2 ml de PBS + 2% FCS. </li><li> Se centrifuga a 4 ° C, 320 xg durante 5 min. </li><li> Aspirar el sobrenadante y resuspender las células añadiendo, gota a gota, 500 l BD frío Cytoperm / Cytofix mientras vórtice. </li><li> Incubar los tubos durante 40 min a 4 ° C en la oscuridad. </li><li> Brevemente Vortex. </li><li> Lavar las células dos veces con 1 ml frío BD Perm / Tampón de lavado y centrifugado a 800 g durante 7 min a 4 ° C. </li><li> Aspirar el sobrenadante con excepción de 300 l. </li><li> Mancha de células intracelularmente porla adición de 1 g de cada anticuerpo seleccionado por 1 x 10 6 células en un volumen total de 100 l. </li><li> Brevemente Vortex. </li><li> Incubar durante 30 minutos en la oscuridad a 4 ° C. </li><li> Lavar las células dos veces con 1 ml frío BD Perm / Tampón de lavado y centrifugado a 800 g durante 7 min a 4 ° C. </li><li> Aspirar el sobrenadante y resuspender las células añadiendo 300 l BD Perm / Wash Buffer frío. </li><li> Brevemente Vortex. </li><li> Transferir la suspensión mientras se filtra a tubos de FACS. </li><li> Mantener los tubos en un lugar oscuro y frío hasta su análisis. </li></ol>

<ol>
	<li>Arizon, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Langerhans+cells+down-regulate+inflammation-driven+alveolar+bone+loss.">Langerhans cells down-regulate inflammation-driven alveolar bone loss.</a> Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 109, 7043-7048 (2012).</li><li>Listgarten, M. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pathogenesis+of+periodontitis.">Pathogenesis of periodontitis.</a> J. Clin. Periodontol. 13, 418-430 (1986).</li><li>Kinane, D. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Causation+and+pathogenesis+of+periodontal+disease.">Causation and pathogenesis of periodontal disease.</a> Periodontol. 25, 8-20 (2000).</li><li>Jotwani, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mature+dendritic+cells+infiltrate+the+T+cell-rich+region+of+oral+mucosa+in+chronic+periodontitis:+in+situ,+in+vivo,+and+in+vitro+studies.">Mature dendritic cells infiltrate the T cell-rich region of oral mucosa in chronic periodontitis: in situ, in vivo, and in vitro studies.</a> J. Immunol. 167, 4693-4700 (2001).</li><li>Graves, D. T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Interleukin-1+and+tumor+necrosis+factor+antagonists+inhibit+the+progression+of+inflammatory+cell+infiltration+toward+alveolar+bone+in+experimental+periodontitis.">Interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor antagonists inhibit the progression of inflammatory cell infiltration toward alveolar bone in experimental periodontitis.</a> J. Periodontol. 69, 1419-1425 (1998).</li><li>Kabashima, H., Yoneda, M., Nagata, K., Hirofuji, T., Maeda, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+presence+of+chemokine+(MCP-1,+MIP-1alpha,+MIP-1beta,+IP-10,+RANTES)-positive+cells+and+chemokine+receptor+(CCR5,+CXCR3)-positive+cells+in+inflamed+human+gingival+tissues.">The presence of chemokine (MCP-1, MIP-1alpha, MIP-1beta, IP-10, RANTES)-positive cells and chemokine receptor (CCR5, CXCR3)-positive cells in inflamed human gingival tissues.</a> Cytokine. 20, 70-77 (2002).</li><li>Moughal, N. A., Adonogianaki, E., Kinane, D. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Langerhans+cell+dynamics+in+human+gingiva+during+experimentally+induced+inflammation.">Langerhans cell dynamics in human gingiva during experimentally induced inflammation.</a> J. Biol. Buccale. 20, 163-167 (1992).</li><li>Cochran, D. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Inflammation+and+bone+loss+in+periodontal+disease.">Inflammation and bone loss in periodontal disease.</a> J. Periodontol. 79, 1569-1576 (2008).</li><li>Taubman, M. A., Valverde, P., Han, X., Kawai, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Immune+response:+the+key+to+bone+resorption+in+periodontal+disease.">Immune response: the key to bone resorption in periodontal disease.</a> J. Periodontol. 76, 2033-2041 (2005).</li><li>Graves, D. T., Kang, J., Andriankaja, O., Wada, K., Rossa, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Animal+models+to+study+host-bacteria+interactions+involved+in+periodontitis.">Animal models to study host-bacteria interactions involved in periodontitis.</a> Front Oral Biol. 15, 117-132 (2012).</li></ol>

Los autores tienen nada que revelar.

Tejidos gingivales Maxilla obtenidos a partir de un solo ratón son suficientes para el análisis de subpoblaciones de linfocitos T y B, así como su capacidad para expresar moléculas extracelulares e intracelulares como hemos descrito anteriormente en 1. Sin embargo, si las poblaciones de células raras son de interés (por ejemplo, DC), se recomienda a los tejidos piscina 2-3 ratones. De nota, si así se prefiere, es posible despegar ambos los tejidos gingivales y palatales y luego a impuestos especiales, ...

Encía es el tejido blando que rodea la porción cervical de los dientes y cubre el proceso alveolar (Figura 1). La encía es un tipo de la mucosa masticatoria que se puede separar más a fondo en epitelio de la mucosa y tejido conectivo (también conocido como submucosa o lámina propia). La estructura anatómica de la encía y los dientes adyacentes permite que las bacterias residen y desarrollan la placa (biopelícula) que desafía continuamente el sistema inmune local. Como resultado, la respuesta inflamatoria se desarrolla en la encía, lo que en ciertas circunstancias se convierte en destructivo - una condición denominada enfermedades periodontales 2. Básicamente, patologías periodontales inducidas por placa se pueden dividir en la gingivitis y la periodontitis. Gingivitis representa una condición reversible de la respuesta inflamatoria local que se limita a la encía. La periodontitis, en el otro lado, es un proceso destructivo irreversible en la cual el aparato de inserción (hueso alveolar, periodontalligamento, cemento y encía) se destruye 3. La encía se propuso servir a los sitios, tanto como efectores e inductivo en enfermedades periodontales 4. Los estudios en humanos han sugerido que, en respuesta a la placa dental, células efectoras inmunes y las moléculas se infiltraron en la encía o de salida 5-7 dinámicamente. Esta actividad ha demostrado desempeñar un papel importante en la destrucción periodontal 8,9. Considerando que los datos generados por los estudios proporcionaron información valiosa con respecto a este proceso patológico, que trabaja con tejidos humanos poseen importantes limitaciones éticas, técnicas y experimentales. El desarrollo de modelos experimentales animales experimentos de causa-efecto mediante el empleo de ratones transgénicos y en las intervenciones in vivo 10. Como resultado, nuestro conocimiento de los mecanismos implicados en la enfermedad periodontal aumentó considerablemente durante las últimas dos décadas. Aún así, debido a la complejidad de las enfermedades periodontales, hayun debate sobre la naturaleza de la respuesta inmune local para facilitar la destrucción del tejido. Hay también una falta en nuestra comprensión de la función de las células inmunes centrales en la encía durante enfermedades periodontales. Es por lo tanto esencial para estudiar eventos inflamatorios patológicos que se producen en el tejido diana de la enfermedad, la encía.

<table border="1">
 <tbody>
 <tr>
 <td>Comments (optional)</td>
 <td>Catalogue number</td>
 <td>Company</td>
 <td>Name of the reagent</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td></td>
 <td>CLS-2</td>
 <td>Worthington Biochemical Corp.</td>
 <td>Collagenase Type II</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td></td>
 <td>DN25-1G</td>
 <td>SIGMA</td>
 <td>DNAse I</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td></td>
 <td>E6758-100G</td>
 <td>SIGMA</td>
 <td>EDTA</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td></td>
 <td>D8537</td>
 <td>SIGMA</td>
 <td>Dulbecco's PBS</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Heat Inactivated</td>
 <td>04-121-1</td>
 <td>Biological Industries</td>
 <td>Fetal Bovine Serum </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td></td>
 <td>FPE-204-500</td>
 <td>Jet Biofil</td>
 <td>Vacuum-Driven Filter</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td></td>
 <td>352052</td>
 <td>BD Falcon</td>
 <td>5 ml Polystyrene Round-Bottom Tube</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td></td>
 <td>93070</td>
 <td>SPL Lifesciences</td>
 <td>Cell Strainer 70 &mu;m</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td></td>
 <td>153066</td>
 <td>NUNC</td>
 <td>Tissue Culture Dish 35&times;10 mm</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td></td>
 <td>554714</td>
 <td>BD</td>
 <td>BD Cytofix/Cytoperm</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Clone N418</td>
 <td>117305</td>
 <td>Biolegend</td>
 <td>Anti-mouse CD11c antibody</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Clone 104</td>
 <td>109819</td>
 <td>Biolegend</td>
 <td>Anti-mouse CD45.2 antibody</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Clone GK1.5</td>
 <td>100413</td>
 <td>Biolegend</td>
 <td>Anti-mouse CD4 antibody</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Clone 53-6.7</td>
 <td>100733</td>
 <td>Biolegend</td>
 <td>Anti-mouse CD8a antibody</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Clone 17A2</td>
 <td>100214</td>
 <td>Biolegend</td>
 <td>Anti-mouse CD3 antibody</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Clone G8.8</td>
 <td>118219</td>
 <td>Biolegend</td>
 <td>Anti-mouse CD326 (Ep-CAM) antibody</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Clone 929F3.01</td>
 <td>DDX0362D</td>
 <td>Imgenex</td>
 <td>Anti-mouse CD207 (Langerin) antibody</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Clone 39-10-8</td>
 <td>115010</td>
 <td>Biolegend</td>
 <td>Anti-mouse I-Ad (MHC-II) antobody</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td>BD Biosciences</td>
 <td>LSR II Flow Cytometer</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td>Tree Star</td>
 <td>FlowJo Software v 7.6.5</td>
 </tr>
 </tbody>
</table>

isolation, processing and analysis of murine gingival cells

Hemos desarrollado una técnica para aislar y procesar precisamente tejido gingival murino para citometría de flujo y los estudios moleculares. La encía es un tejido único e importante para estudiar los mecanismos inmunes, ya que está implicado en la respuesta inmune del huésped contra la biopelícula oral que podría causar enfermedades periodontales. Por otra parte, la estrecha proximidad de la encía al tejido óseo alveolar también permite el estudio de la remodelación ósea en condiciones inflamatorias. Nuestro método produce gran cantidad de células inmunes que permite el análisis de incluso poblaciones de células raras, tales como las células de Langerhans y células T reguladoras como hemos demostrado previamente 1. El empleo de los ratones para estudiar las respuestas inmunes locales implicadas en la pérdida de hueso alveolar durante enfermedades periodontales es ventajoso debido a la disponibilidad de diversas herramientas inmunológicas y experimental. Sin embargo, debido a su pequeño tamaño y el acceso relativamente inconveniente para la encía murino, muchos estudios evitarse examen de thitejido crítico s. El método descrito en este trabajo podría facilitar el análisis gingival, los que podrán aumentar nuestro subestimando sobre el sistema inmune oral y su papel durante las enfermedades periodontales.

Se presentan ejemplos de análisis de citometría de flujo en células de la encía. Células gingivales agrupados a partir de 2 ratones se llevaron a cabo en un citómetro de flujo LSR II y analizados utilizando el software FlowJo. Figura 3A demostraron la distribución de células de la encía de los ratones no tratados previamente en una dispersión lateral (SSC) frente a dispersión trama hacia adelante (FSC). Estrategia de apertura de puerta para identificar (i) linfocitos (ii) los monocitos / cél...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Isolation, Processing and Analysis of Murine Gingival Cells at JoVE.com

Isolation, Processing and Analysis of Murine Gingival Cells

Este estudio describe una técnica eficiente para aislar y procesar los tejidos gingivales de la cavidad oral del ratón con el fin de producir un cultivo de una sola célula. Las células resultantes pueden ser utilizados además para el análisis de citometría de flujo y los estudios moleculares.

El aislamiento, tratamiento y análisis de células gingivales murinos

We have developed a technique to precisely isolate and process murine gingival tissue for flow cytometry and molecular studies. The gingiva is a unique ...

isolation-processing-and-analysis-of-murine-gingival-cells

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

18.8K vistas.  Hebrew University - Hadassah Medical Center. Este estudio describe una técnica eficiente para aislar y procesar los tejidos gingivales de la cavidad oral del ratón con el fin de producir un cultivo de una sola célula. Las células resultantes pueden ser utilizados además para el análisis de citometría de flujo y los estudios moleculares.

Video: Isolation, Processing and Analysis of Murine Gingival Cells

Flow Cytometry Analysis of Immune Cells Within Murine Aortas

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory process of medium and large size vessels that is characterized by the formation of plaques consisting of foam cells, immune cells, vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells, platelets, extracellular matrix, and a lipid-rich core with extensive necrosis and fibrosis of surrounding tissues.1 The innate and adaptive arms of the immune response are involved in the initiation, development and persistence of atherosclerosis.2, 3 There is a significant body of evidence that different subsets of the immune cells, such as macrophages, dendritic cells, T and B lymphocytes, are present within the aortas of healthy and atherosclerosis-prone mice4. Additionally, immune cells are found in the surrounding aortic adventitia which suggests an important role of this tissue in atherogenesis.2
For some time, the quantitative detection of different types of immune cells, their activation status, and the cellular composition within the aortic wall was limited by RT-PCR and immunohistochemical methods for the study of atherosclerosis. Few attempts were made to perform flow cytometry using human aortas, and a number of problems, such as a high autofluorescence, have been reported5,6. Human atherosclerotic plaques were digested with collagenase 1, and free cells were collected and stained for CD14+/CD11c+ to highlight macrophage-derived foam cells. In this study, a "mock" channel was used to avoid false-positive staining.6 Necrotic materials accumulating during the digestion process give rise in a large amount of debris that generates a high autofluorescence in aortic samples. To resolve this problem, a panel of negative and positive controls has been proposed, but only double staining could be applied in these samples. We have developed a new flow cytometry-based method7 to analyze the immune cell composition and characterize the activation, proliferation, differentiation of immune cells in healthy and atherosclerosis-prone aorta. This method allows the investigation of the immune cell composition of the aortic wall and opens possibilities to use a broad spectrum of immunological methods for investigations of immune aspects of this disease.

This paper presents a flow cytometry-based method to investigate the immune composition of aortas. The paper also illustrates an additional technique that allows examining surrounding adventitia and vessel wall separately. This method opens possibilities to perform phenotypical analyses of aortic leukocytes and apply several immunological assays for atherosclerosis studies.

Análisis por citometría de flujo de células inmunes dentro de aortas murino

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory process of medium and large size vessels that is characterized by the formation of plaques consisting of foam ...

Investigación

Inmunología e Infección

Isolation, Identification, and Purification of Murine Thymic Epithelial Cells

The thymus is a vital organ for T lymphocyte development. Of thymic stromal cells, thymic epithelial cells (TECs) are particularly crucial at multiple stages of T cell development: T cell commitment, positive selection and negative selection. However, the function of TECs in the thymus remains incompletely understood. In the article, we provide a method to isolate TEC subsets from fresh mouse thymus using a combination of mechanical disruption and enzymatic digestion. The method allows thymic stromal cells and thymocytes to be efficiently released from cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix connections and to form a single-cell suspension. Using the isolated cells, multiparameter flow cytometry can be applied to identification and characterization of TECs and dendritic cells. Because TECs are a rare cell population in the thymus, we also describe an effective way to enrich and purify TECs by depleting thymocytes, the most abundant cell type in the thymus. Following the enrichment, cell sorting time can be decreased so that loss of cell viability can be minimized during purification of TECs. Purified cells are suitable for various downstream analyses like Real Time-PCR, Western blot and gene expression profiling. The protocol will promote research of TEC function and as well as the development of in vitro T cell reconstitution.

Here we describe an efficient method for isolation, identification, and purification of mouse thymic epithelial cells (TECs). The protocol can be utilized for studies of thymus function for normal T cell development, thymus dysfunction, and T cell reconstitution.

El aislamiento, la identificación y purificación de células epiteliales del timo murino

The thymus is a vital organ for T lymphocyte development. Of thymic stromal cells, thymic epithelial cells (TECs) are particularly crucial at multiple ...

Isolation of Murine Lymph Node Stromal Cells

Secondary lymphoid organs including lymph nodes are composed of stromal cells that provide a structural environment for homeostasis, activation and differentiation of lymphocytes. Various stromal cell subsets have been identified by the expression of the adhesion molecule CD31 and glycoprotein podoplanin (gp38), T zone reticular cells or fibroblastic reticular cells, lymphatic endothelial cells, blood endothelial cells and FRC-like pericytes within the double negative cell population. For all populations different functions are described including, separation and lining of different compartments, attraction of and interaction with different cell types, filtration of the draining fluidics and contraction of the lymphatic vessels. In the last years, different groups have described an additional role of stromal cells in orchestrating and regulating cytotoxic T cell responses potentially dangerous for the host. 
Lymph nodes are complex structures with many different cell types and therefore require a appropriate procedure for isolation of the desired cell populations. Currently, protocols for the isolation of lymph node stromal cells rely on enzymatic digestion with varying incubation times; however, stromal cells and their surface molecules are sensitive to these enzymes, which results in loss of surface marker expression and cell death. Here a short enzymatic digestion protocol combined with automated mechanical disruption to obtain viable single cells suspension of lymph node stromal cells maintaining their surface molecule expression is proposed.

Isolation of lymph node stromal cells is a multistep procedure including enzymatic digestion and mechanical disaggregation to obtain fibroblastic reticular cells, lymphatic and blood endothelial cells. In the described procedure, a short digestion is combined with automated mechanical disaggregation to minimize surface marker degradation of viable lymph node stromal cells.

Aislamiento de células estromales murinas en nódulos linfáticos

Secondary lymphoid organs including lymph nodes are composed of stromal cells that provide a structural environment for homeostasis, activation and ...

Isolation of Murine Peritoneal Macrophages to Carry Out Gene Expression Analysis Upon Toll-like Receptors Stimulation

During infection and inflammation, circulating monocytes leave the bloodstream and migrate into tissues, where they differentiate into macrophages. Macrophages express surface Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which recognize molecular patterns conserved through evolution in a wide range of microorganisms. TLRs play a central role in macrophage activation which is usually associated with gene expression alteration. Macrophages are critical in many diseases and have emerged as attractive targets for therapy. In the following protocol, we describe a procedure to isolate murine peritoneal macrophages using Brewer&#8217;s thioglycollate medium. The latter will boost monocyte migration into the peritoneum, accordingly this will raise macrophage yield by 10-fold. Several studies have been carried out using bone marrow, spleen or peritoneal derived macrophages. However, peritoneal macrophages were shown to be more mature upon isolation and are more stable in their functionality and phenotype. Thus, macrophages isolated from murine peritoneal cavity present an important cell population that can serve in different immunological and metabolic studies. Once isolated, macrophages were stimulated with different TLR ligands and consequently&#160;gene expression was evaluated.

We describe here a simple protocol to isolate murine peritoneal macrophages. This procedure is followed by RNA extraction to carry out gene expression analysis upon Toll-like receptors stimulation.

Aislamiento de macrófagos peritoneales murinos para llevar a cabo análisis de expresión génica Al Toll-like Receptores Estimulación

During infection and inflammation, circulating monocytes leave the bloodstream and migrate into tissues, where they differentiate into macrophages. ...

Isolation and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Immune Cells from the Ischemic Mouse Brain

Ischemic stroke initiates a robust inflammatory response that starts in the intravascular compartment and involves rapid activation of brain resident cells. A key mechanism of this inflammatory response is the migration of circulating immune cells to the ischemic brain facilitated by chemokine release and increased endothelial adhesion molecule expression. Brain-invading leukocytes are well-known contributing to early-stage secondary ischemic injury, but their significance for the termination of inflammation and later brain repair has only recently been noticed.
Here, a simple protocol for the efficient isolation of immune cells from the ischemic mouse brain is provided. After transcardial perfusion, brain hemispheres are dissected and mechanically dissociated. Enzymatic digestion with Liberase&#160;is followed by density gradient (such as Percoll) centrifugation to remove myelin and cell debris. One major advantage of this protocol is the single-layer density gradient procedure which does not require time-consuming preparation of gradients and can be reliably performed. The approach yields highly reproducible cell counts per brain hemisphere and allows for measuring several flow cytometry panels in one biological replicate. Phenotypic characterization and quantification of brain-invading leukocytes after experimental stroke may contribute to a better understanding of their multifaceted roles in ischemic injury and repair.

Inflammation plays a central role in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke. Increasing evidence suggests that it acts as a double-edged sword which exacerbates early brain injury, but also contributes to later repair. This protocol describes the isolation of immune cells from the ischemic brain and their subsequent flow cytometric phenotyping.

Aislamiento y análisis de citometría de flujo de células inmunes del cerebro isquémico Ratón

Ischemic stroke initiates a robust inflammatory response that starts in the intravascular compartment and involves rapid activation of brain resident ...

Isolation and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Glioma-infiltrating Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells

Our laboratory has recently demonstrated that natural killer (NK) cells are capable of eradicating orthotopically implanted mouse GL26 and rat CNS-1 malignant gliomas soon after intracranial engraftment if the cancer cells are rendered deficient in their expression of the &#946;-galactoside-binding lectin galectin-1 (gal-1). More recent work now shows that a population of Gr-1+/CD11b+ myeloid cells is critical to this effect. To better understand the mechanisms by which NK and myeloid cells cooperate to confer gal-1-deficient tumor rejection we have developed a comprehensive protocol for the isolation and analysis of glioma-infiltrating peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). The method is demonstrated here by comparing PBMC infiltration into the tumor microenvironment of gal-1-expressing GL26 gliomas with those rendered gal-1-deficient via shRNA knockdown. The protocol begins with a description of&#160;how to culture and prepare GL26 cells for inoculation into the syngeneic C57BL/6J mouse brain. It then explains the steps involved in the isolation and flow cytometric analysis of glioma-infiltrating PBMCs from the early brain tumor microenvironment. The method is adaptable to a number of in vivo experimental designs in which temporal data on immune infiltration into the brain is required. The method is sensitive and highly reproducible, as glioma-infiltrating PBMCs can be isolated from intracranial tumors as soon as 24 hr post-tumor engraftment with similar cell counts observed from time point matched tumors throughout independent experiments. A single experimentalist can perform the method from brain harvesting to flow cytometric analysis of glioma-infiltrating PBMCs in roughly 4-6 hr depending on the number of samples to be analyzed. Alternative glioma models and/or cell-specific detection antibodies may also be used at the experimentalists&#8217; discretion to assess the infiltration of several other immune cell types of interest without the need for alterations to the overall procedure.

Presented here is a straightforward method for the isolation and flow cytometric analysis of glioma-infiltrating peripheral blood mononuclear cells that yields time-dependent quantitative data on the number and activation status of immune cells entering the early brain tumor microenvironment.

El aislamiento y la citometría de flujo análisis de las células mononucleares de sangre periférica Glioma infiltrantes

Our laboratory has recently demonstrated that natural killer (NK) cells are capable of eradicating orthotopically implanted mouse GL26 and rat CNS-1 ...

Isolation, Characterization and Functional Examination of the Gingival Immune Cell Network

Immune cell networks in tissues play a vital role in mediating local immunity and maintaining tissue homeostasis, yet little is known of the resident immune cell populations in the oral mucosa and gingiva. We have established a technique for the isolation and study of immune cells from murine gingival tissues, an area of constant microbial exposure and a vulnerable site to a common inflammatory disease, periodontitis. Our protocol allows for a detailed phenotypic characterization of the immune cell populations resident in the gingiva, even at steady state. Our procedure also yields sufficient cells with high viability for use in functional studies, such as the assessment of cytokine secretion ex vivo. This combination of phenotypic and functional characterization of the gingival immune cell network should aid towards investigating the mechanisms involved in oral immunity and periodontal homeostasis, but will also advance our understanding of the mechanisms involved in local immunopathology.

We have established a technique for the isolation, phenotypic characterization and functional analysis of immune cells from murine gingiva.

El aislamiento, caracterización y examen funcional de la red celular gingival Inmune

Immune cell networks in tissues play a vital role in mediating local immunity and maintaining tissue homeostasis, yet little is known of the resident ...

Isolation and Activation of Murine Lymphocytes

B and T cells, with their extremely diverse antigen-receptor repertoires, have the ability to mount specific immune responses against almost any invading pathogen1,2. Understandably, such intricate abilities are controlled by a large number of molecules involved in various cellular processes to ensure timely and spatially regulated immune responses3. Here, we describe experimental procedures that allow rapid isolation of highly purified murine lymphocytes using magnetic cell sorting technology. The resulting purified lymphocytes can then be subjected to various in vitro or in vivo functional assays, such as the determination of lymphocyte signaling capacity upon stimulation by immunoblotting4 and the investigation of proliferative abilities by 3H-thymidine incorporation or carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE) labeling5-7. In addition to comparing the functional capacities of control and genetically modified lymphocytes, we can also determine the T cell stimulatory capacity of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in vivo, as shown in our representative results using transplanted CFSE-labeled OT-I T cells.

Lymphocytes are the major players in adaptive immune responses. Here, we present a lymphocyte purification protocol to determine the physiological functions of the desired molecules in lymphocyte activation in vitro and in vivo. The described experimental procedures are suitable for comparing functional capacities between control and genetically modified lymphocytes.

Aislamiento y activación de los linfocitos murinos

B and T cells, with their extremely diverse antigen-receptor repertoires, have the ability to mount specific immune responses against almost any invading ...

Isolation and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Human Endocervical Gamma Delta T Cells

The female reproductive tract (FRT) mucosal immune system serves as the first line of defense. Better knowledge of the genital mucosa is therefore essential for understanding pathogenicity of different pathogens including HIV. Gamma delta (GD) T cells are the prototype of &#39;unconventional&#39; T cells and represent a relatively small subset of T cells defined by their expression of heterodimeric T-cell receptors (TCRs) composed of gamma and delta chains. This sets them apart from the classical and much better known CD4+ helper T cells and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells that are defined by alpha-beta TCRs. GD T cells often show tissue-specific localization and are enriched in epithelium. GD T cells orchestrate immune responses in inflammation, tumor surveillance, infectious disease, and autoimmunity.
Here, we present a method to reproducibly isolate and analyze human endocervical intraepithelial GD T lymphocytes. We have used endocervical cytobrush samples from women participating in the Women&#39;s Interagency HIV Infection Study (WIHS). Knowledge about GD T cells interactions during conditions in which there is an insult to the vaginal mucosal could be applied to any clinical study in which mucosal vulnerability is addressed, including the development of vaginal microbicides.In addition, knowledge about mucosal GD T cell responses has potential for application of GD T cell-based immune therapy in treating infectious diseases.

We describe here an isolation method to obtain human endocervical intraepithelial lymphocytes for the analysis of intraepithelial gamma delta T cells. This protocol can be extended for the purification of endocervical gamma delta T cells by magnetic beads or by cell sorting.

Aislamiento y Análisis de citometría de flujo, de Human endocervical Gamma Delta T Cells

The female reproductive tract (FRT) mucosal immune system serves as the first line of defense. Better knowledge of the genital mucosa is therefore ...

Digestion of the Murine Liver for a Flow Cytometric Analysis of Lymphatic Endothelial Cells

Within the liver, lymphatic vessels are found within the portal triad, and their described function is to remove interstitial fluid from the liver to the lymph nodes where cellular debris and antigens can be surveyed. We are very interested in understanding how the lymphatic vasculature might be involved in inflammation and immune cell function within the liver. However, very little has been published establishing digestion protocols for the isolation of lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) from the liver or specific markers that can be used to evaluate liver LECs on a per cell basis. Therefore, we optimized a method for the digestion and staining of the liver in order to evaluate the LEC population in the liver. We are confident that the method outlined here will be useful for the identification and isolation of LECs from the liver and will strengthen our understanding of how LECs respond to the liver microenvironment.

The goal of this protocol is to identify lymphatic endothelial cell populations within the liver using described markers. We utilize collagenase IV and DNase and a gentle mincing of tissue, combined with flow cytometry, to identify a distinct population of lymphatic endothelial cells.

Digestión del hígado murino para el análisis cytometric del flujo de las células endoteliales linfáticas

Within the liver, lymphatic vessels are found within the portal triad, and their described function is to remove interstitial fluid from the liver to the ...