この研究は、イスラエル科学財団（番号1418から1411）からAHHと（番号1933から1912年）にAW、AHHに若い研究者のためのドイツのイスラエル財団（GIFヤング）、博士と私への補助金によって支えられてAHHとAWへの歯科医学のヘブライ大学 - ハダサスクールで。Cabakoff研究基金基金。

事前に準備します。 <ul><li> PBS + 2％FCS </li><li>コラゲナーゼタイプIIおよびDNアーゼタイプIの1 mg / mlの（サンプル当たり1ミリリットル）の2 mg / mlのとPBS + 2％FCS </li><li>滅菌手術器具</li><li> 0.5 M EDTA溶液</li></ul> 1。アッパー歯肉切除テクニック<ol><li>承認された動物実験委員会のガイダンスを使用して、マウスを安楽死させる。 </li><li>頬と鈍い/鋭いストレートハサミで下顎枝含む口腔の両側をカットします。 </li><li>下顎骨をプルダウン。 </li><li>標準ハサミで三分の臼歯の後ろに仮想線1ミリメートルでソフトとハードの組織を切り取る。はさみは口蓋骨の面（ 図2A、青い線）に垂直な演出。 </li><li>前歯の後ろにソフトとハードの組織2ミリメートル（ 図2A、青い線）を切開。 </li><li>口の前部をプルダウン。鼻腔は、この工程の後に観測される。 </li><li>はさみを置き口蓋と平行に、鼻腔内に1ブレードを入れて、他のブレードは前庭で切開する必要があります。後部切開（ 図2A、緑の線）までカットします。上顎の両側に、この手順を繰り返します。端部には上顎骨、頭蓋骨の残りの部分（ 図2B）から取り外される。 </li><li> 、上顎を削除ミドル縫合（ 図2、黒の破線）でそれをカットし、歯槽骨に達するまで、各半上顎の口蓋組織をトリミング。 </li><li>アドソン鉗子（歯なし）との前縁から歯肉組織（両方半上顎）をはがします。 </li><li> PBS + 2％FCSとプレートに切除歯肉を置きます。 </li></ol> 2。歯肉処理<ol><li> 1mlのPBSで組織培養皿（35×10㎜）で切除歯肉を入れ+ 2％FCS、コラゲナーゼタイプIIとタイプDNアーゼIの1 mg / mlの2 mg / mlの</li><li> N°15無菌手術用ブレードとよく組織をミンチ。 </li><li> TRプレートで15 mlコニカル試験管に組織をansfer。 </li><li> 1mlのPBS + 2％FCSと同じ試験管に移すと皿の上に残っている組織/細胞を洗浄。 </li><li> 37℃で20分間シェーカーインキュベーター内でインキュベート℃、200rpmで（推奨：予熱インキュベーター）。 </li><li> 37℃でさらに10分間℃、200rpmで、20 EDTA 0.5 Mの液とインキュベートを追加します。 </li><li> 12 PBS + 2％FCSとml及び4で遠心まで試験管を埋める°C、8分間400×gで（推奨：プレチル遠心分離機）。 </li><li> 2ミリリットルPBS + 2％FCSを上清と再懸濁した細胞を取り除きます。 </li><li> 70μmのセルストレーナーでサンプルをフィルタリングし、フロースルーを保存します。 </li><li> 4℃、5分間320×gで遠心。 </li><li> 300μlのPBS + 2％FCSを上清と再懸濁した細胞を取り除きます。 </li><li>細胞（約5〜10×10 5個の細胞が単一の上顎から期待されている）カウント。 </li></ol> 3。外および細胞内抗体フローサイトメトリー分析のための染色それは、ライトをオフにして、ボンネット内部の作業をすることをお勧めします。それは一定の寒い環境で細胞を維持するだけでなく、必要に応じてすべての材料が重要です。 <ol><li>総容量100μl中に1×10 6個の細胞あたりそれぞれ選択された抗体の0.2〜0.5μgのを加えることによって細胞外分子に対して細胞を染色。 </li><li>簡潔に渦。 </li><li> 4℃で暗所で15分間チューブをインキュベート</li><li> 2ミリリットルPBS + 2％FCSで細胞を洗浄します。 </li><li> 4℃、5分間320×gで遠心。 </li><li>ボルテックスしながら追加して上清と再懸濁した細胞を吸引、賢い、500μlの冷たいBD Cytoperm / Cytofixドロップします。 </li><li> 4℃で40分間チューブをインキュベートし、暗所でC。 </li><li>簡潔に渦。 </li><li> 1ミリリットル冷たいBDパーマで二回細胞を洗浄/ 4で7分間、800×gでバッファとスピンを洗う℃に</li><li> 300μlのを除いて、上清を吸引除去する。 </li><li>によって細胞内に細胞を染色100μlの総体積で1×10 6個の細胞あたりそれぞれ選択された抗体1μgのを追加。 </li><li>簡潔に渦。 </li><li> 4℃で暗所で30分間インキュベート</li><li> 1ミリリットル冷たいBDパーマで二回細胞を洗浄/ 4で7分間、800×gでバッファとスピンを洗う℃に</li><li> 300μlの冷たいBDパーマ/洗浄バッファを追加することで、上清と再懸濁した細胞を吸引。 </li><li>簡潔に渦。 </li><li> FACSチューブにフィルタリングしながらサスペンションを移す。 </li><li>分析まで暗くて寒い環境の中で管を保つ。 </li></ol>

<ol>
	<li>Arizon, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Langerhans+cells+down-regulate+inflammation-driven+alveolar+bone+loss.">Langerhans cells down-regulate inflammation-driven alveolar bone loss.</a> Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 109, 7043-7048 (2012).</li><li>Listgarten, M. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pathogenesis+of+periodontitis.">Pathogenesis of periodontitis.</a> J. Clin. Periodontol. 13, 418-430 (1986).</li><li>Kinane, D. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Causation+and+pathogenesis+of+periodontal+disease.">Causation and pathogenesis of periodontal disease.</a> Periodontol. 25, 8-20 (2000).</li><li>Jotwani, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mature+dendritic+cells+infiltrate+the+T+cell-rich+region+of+oral+mucosa+in+chronic+periodontitis:+in+situ,+in+vivo,+and+in+vitro+studies.">Mature dendritic cells infiltrate the T cell-rich region of oral mucosa in chronic periodontitis: in situ, in vivo, and in vitro studies.</a> J. Immunol. 167, 4693-4700 (2001).</li><li>Graves, D. T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Interleukin-1+and+tumor+necrosis+factor+antagonists+inhibit+the+progression+of+inflammatory+cell+infiltration+toward+alveolar+bone+in+experimental+periodontitis.">Interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor antagonists inhibit the progression of inflammatory cell infiltration toward alveolar bone in experimental periodontitis.</a> J. Periodontol. 69, 1419-1425 (1998).</li><li>Kabashima, H., Yoneda, M., Nagata, K., Hirofuji, T., Maeda, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+presence+of+chemokine+(MCP-1,+MIP-1alpha,+MIP-1beta,+IP-10,+RANTES)-positive+cells+and+chemokine+receptor+(CCR5,+CXCR3)-positive+cells+in+inflamed+human+gingival+tissues.">The presence of chemokine (MCP-1, MIP-1alpha, MIP-1beta, IP-10, RANTES)-positive cells and chemokine receptor (CCR5, CXCR3)-positive cells in inflamed human gingival tissues.</a> Cytokine. 20, 70-77 (2002).</li><li>Moughal, N. A., Adonogianaki, E., Kinane, D. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Langerhans+cell+dynamics+in+human+gingiva+during+experimentally+induced+inflammation.">Langerhans cell dynamics in human gingiva during experimentally induced inflammation.</a> J. Biol. Buccale. 20, 163-167 (1992).</li><li>Cochran, D. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Inflammation+and+bone+loss+in+periodontal+disease.">Inflammation and bone loss in periodontal disease.</a> J. Periodontol. 79, 1569-1576 (2008).</li><li>Taubman, M. A., Valverde, P., Han, X., Kawai, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Immune+response:+the+key+to+bone+resorption+in+periodontal+disease.">Immune response: the key to bone resorption in periodontal disease.</a> J. Periodontol. 76, 2033-2041 (2005).</li><li>Graves, D. T., Kang, J., Andriankaja, O., Wada, K., Rossa, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Animal+models+to+study+host-bacteria+interactions+involved+in+periodontitis.">Animal models to study host-bacteria interactions involved in periodontitis.</a> Front Oral Biol. 15, 117-132 (2012).</li></ol>

著者らは、開示することは何もありません。

単一のマウスから得られた上顎歯肉組織は、我々は以前に説明したように1外および細胞内の分子を発現するTリンパ球およびBリンパ球の亜集団、ならびにそれらの能力を分析するために十分である。希少細胞集団が興味（例えばDCの）である場合にもかかわらず、それは2-3マウスからプール組織に推奨されます。望ましい場合に注目すべきは、それが歯肉（ステップ1.8から1.9の変更）...

歯肉は、歯頸部の周囲の軟部組織である歯槽プロセス（ 図1）をカバーしています。歯肉はさらに、粘膜上皮と結合組織（また、粘膜または粘膜固有層とも呼ばれる）に分けることができる咀嚼粘膜の一種である。歯肉と隣接する歯の解剖学的構造は、細菌が常にローカル免疫系に挑戦プラーク（バイオフィルム）が存在し、開発することができます。結果として、炎症反応は、特定の状況では破壊的になる歯肉に発症-条件は、歯周病2と呼ば。基本的には、歯垢誘発性歯周病態は、歯肉炎と歯周炎に分けることができます。歯肉炎は歯肉に限定されている地元の炎症反応の可逆的な状態を表しています。歯周炎、その一方で、不可逆的な破壊的なプロセスである取付装置（歯槽骨、歯周靭帯、セメント質と歯肉）は3を破壊している。 歯肉は歯周病4時などのエフェクターや誘導サイトの両方を提供することを提案した。ヒトでの研究は、歯垢に対応して、免疫エフェクター細胞および分子が動的に浸潤または出発歯肉5-7を示唆している。この活性は、歯周破壊8,9において主要な役割を果たすことが示された。ヒト組織と協力し、この病理学的過程に関する貴重な情報を提供し、それらの研究によって生成されたデータは、主要な、倫理的、技術的、実験的な限界を持っているのに対し。トランスジェニックマウスを用いてビアおよびin vivoでの介入10因果実験法を許可した実験モデルの開発。その結果、歯周病に関与するメカニズムに関する我々の知識は、最後の二十年の間に大幅に増加した。そうであっても、歯周病の複雑さに起因がある組織破壊を促進する局所免疫応答の性質に関する進行中の議論。歯周病の間の歯肉の中心的な免疫細胞の機能に関する我々の理解に不足があります。それは病気、歯肉の標的組織で発生する病理学的炎症事象を研究することが不可欠です。

<table border="1">
 <tbody>
 <tr>
 <td>Comments (optional)</td>
 <td>Catalogue number</td>
 <td>Company</td>
 <td>Name of the reagent</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td></td>
 <td>CLS-2</td>
 <td>Worthington Biochemical Corp.</td>
 <td>Collagenase Type II</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td></td>
 <td>DN25-1G</td>
 <td>SIGMA</td>
 <td>DNAse I</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td></td>
 <td>E6758-100G</td>
 <td>SIGMA</td>
 <td>EDTA</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td></td>
 <td>D8537</td>
 <td>SIGMA</td>
 <td>Dulbecco's PBS</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Heat Inactivated</td>
 <td>04-121-1</td>
 <td>Biological Industries</td>
 <td>Fetal Bovine Serum </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td></td>
 <td>FPE-204-500</td>
 <td>Jet Biofil</td>
 <td>Vacuum-Driven Filter</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td></td>
 <td>352052</td>
 <td>BD Falcon</td>
 <td>5 ml Polystyrene Round-Bottom Tube</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td></td>
 <td>93070</td>
 <td>SPL Lifesciences</td>
 <td>Cell Strainer 70 &mu;m</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td></td>
 <td>153066</td>
 <td>NUNC</td>
 <td>Tissue Culture Dish 35&times;10 mm</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td></td>
 <td>554714</td>
 <td>BD</td>
 <td>BD Cytofix/Cytoperm</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Clone N418</td>
 <td>117305</td>
 <td>Biolegend</td>
 <td>Anti-mouse CD11c antibody</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Clone 104</td>
 <td>109819</td>
 <td>Biolegend</td>
 <td>Anti-mouse CD45.2 antibody</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Clone GK1.5</td>
 <td>100413</td>
 <td>Biolegend</td>
 <td>Anti-mouse CD4 antibody</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Clone 53-6.7</td>
 <td>100733</td>
 <td>Biolegend</td>
 <td>Anti-mouse CD8a antibody</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Clone 17A2</td>
 <td>100214</td>
 <td>Biolegend</td>
 <td>Anti-mouse CD3 antibody</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Clone G8.8</td>
 <td>118219</td>
 <td>Biolegend</td>
 <td>Anti-mouse CD326 (Ep-CAM) antibody</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Clone 929F3.01</td>
 <td>DDX0362D</td>
 <td>Imgenex</td>
 <td>Anti-mouse CD207 (Langerin) antibody</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Clone 39-10-8</td>
 <td>115010</td>
 <td>Biolegend</td>
 <td>Anti-mouse I-Ad (MHC-II) antobody</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td>BD Biosciences</td>
 <td>LSR II Flow Cytometer</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td>Tree Star</td>
 <td>FlowJo Software v 7.6.5</td>
 </tr>
 </tbody>
</table>

isolation, processing and analysis of murine gingival cells

我々は正確にフローサイトメトリーや分子の研究のためにネズミ歯肉組織を分離して処理するための技術を開発した。歯肉は、それが歯周病の原因となることがあり、口腔バイオフィルムに対する宿主免疫応答に関与しているため、免疫機構を研究するためのユニークで重要な組織である。さらに、歯槽骨組織への歯肉のすぐ近くには、炎症性の条件下で骨リモデリングを勉強できます。本手法は、我々は以前に1を示したようなランゲルハンス細胞およびT調節細胞でさえ希少細胞集団の分析を可能にする免疫細胞を大量に得られる。歯周病の間に歯槽骨の損失に関わる局所免疫応答を研究するためにマウスを採用するため、様々な免疫学的および実験的なツールの利用可能性に有利である。それにもかかわらず、彼らの小さなサイズとネズミ歯肉に比較的不便なアクセスによる、多くの研究は、THIの検査を避けたの重要な組織。この作品に記載された方法がうまくいけば、歯周病の間に私達の経口免疫システムに過小とその役割が大きくなり歯肉分析を容易にすることができます。

歯肉細胞に対するフローサイトメトリー分析の例が示されている。 2匹のマウスからのプールされた歯肉細胞をLSR IIフローサイトメーターで実行され、FlowJoソフトウェアを用いて分析した。 図3A側方散乱（SSC）対前方散乱（FSC）プロットにおけるナイーブマウスから歯肉細胞の分布を示した。識別するためのゲーティング戦略は、（i）リンパ球（ii）の単球/樹状細胞および（iii?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Isolation, Processing and Analysis of Murine Gingival Cells at JoVE.com

Isolation, Processing and Analysis of Murine Gingival Cells

この研究は、単一細胞培養を生成するために、マウス口腔から歯肉組織を分離して処理するための効率的な手法が記載されている。得られた細胞をさらにフローサイトメトリー分析および分子生物学的研究のために使用することができる。

マウス歯肉細胞の単離、処理と解析

We have developed a technique to precisely isolate and process murine gingival tissue for flow cytometry and molecular studies. The gingiva is a unique ...

isolation-processing-and-analysis-of-murine-gingival-cells

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

18.7K ビュー.  Hebrew University - Hadassah Medical Center. この研究は、単一細胞培養を生成するために、マウス口腔から歯肉組織を分離して処理するための効率的な手法が記載されている。得られた細胞をさらにフローサイトメトリー分析および分子生物学的研究のために使用することができる。

ビデオ: Isolation, Processing and Analysis of Murine Gingival Cells

Flow Cytometry Analysis of Immune Cells Within Murine Aortas

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory process of medium and large size vessels that is characterized by the formation of plaques consisting of foam cells, immune cells, vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells, platelets, extracellular matrix, and a lipid-rich core with extensive necrosis and fibrosis of surrounding tissues.1 The innate and adaptive arms of the immune response are involved in the initiation, development and persistence of atherosclerosis.2, 3 There is a significant body of evidence that different subsets of the immune cells, such as macrophages, dendritic cells, T and B lymphocytes, are present within the aortas of healthy and atherosclerosis-prone mice4. Additionally, immune cells are found in the surrounding aortic adventitia which suggests an important role of this tissue in atherogenesis.2
For some time, the quantitative detection of different types of immune cells, their activation status, and the cellular composition within the aortic wall was limited by RT-PCR and immunohistochemical methods for the study of atherosclerosis. Few attempts were made to perform flow cytometry using human aortas, and a number of problems, such as a high autofluorescence, have been reported5,6. Human atherosclerotic plaques were digested with collagenase 1, and free cells were collected and stained for CD14+/CD11c+ to highlight macrophage-derived foam cells. In this study, a "mock" channel was used to avoid false-positive staining.6 Necrotic materials accumulating during the digestion process give rise in a large amount of debris that generates a high autofluorescence in aortic samples. To resolve this problem, a panel of negative and positive controls has been proposed, but only double staining could be applied in these samples. We have developed a new flow cytometry-based method7 to analyze the immune cell composition and characterize the activation, proliferation, differentiation of immune cells in healthy and atherosclerosis-prone aorta. This method allows the investigation of the immune cell composition of the aortic wall and opens possibilities to use a broad spectrum of immunological methods for investigations of immune aspects of this disease.

This paper presents a flow cytometry-based method to investigate the immune composition of aortas. The paper also illustrates an additional technique that allows examining surrounding adventitia and vessel wall separately. This method opens possibilities to perform phenotypical analyses of aortic leukocytes and apply several immunological assays for atherosclerosis studies.

マウス大動脈内の免疫細胞のフローサイトメトリー分析

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory process of medium and large size vessels that is characterized by the formation of plaques consisting of foam ...

免疫・感染学

Isolation, Identification, and Purification of Murine Thymic Epithelial Cells

The thymus is a vital organ for T lymphocyte development. Of thymic stromal cells, thymic epithelial cells (TECs) are particularly crucial at multiple stages of T cell development: T cell commitment, positive selection and negative selection. However, the function of TECs in the thymus remains incompletely understood. In the article, we provide a method to isolate TEC subsets from fresh mouse thymus using a combination of mechanical disruption and enzymatic digestion. The method allows thymic stromal cells and thymocytes to be efficiently released from cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix connections and to form a single-cell suspension. Using the isolated cells, multiparameter flow cytometry can be applied to identification and characterization of TECs and dendritic cells. Because TECs are a rare cell population in the thymus, we also describe an effective way to enrich and purify TECs by depleting thymocytes, the most abundant cell type in the thymus. Following the enrichment, cell sorting time can be decreased so that loss of cell viability can be minimized during purification of TECs. Purified cells are suitable for various downstream analyses like Real Time-PCR, Western blot and gene expression profiling. The protocol will promote research of TEC function and as well as the development of in vitro T cell reconstitution.

Here we describe an efficient method for isolation, identification, and purification of mouse thymic epithelial cells (TECs). The protocol can be utilized for studies of thymus function for normal T cell development, thymus dysfunction, and T cell reconstitution.

単離、同定、およびマウス胸腺上皮細胞の精製

The thymus is a vital organ for T lymphocyte development. Of thymic stromal cells, thymic epithelial cells (TECs) are particularly crucial at multiple ...

Isolation of Murine Lymph Node Stromal Cells

Secondary lymphoid organs including lymph nodes are composed of stromal cells that provide a structural environment for homeostasis, activation and differentiation of lymphocytes. Various stromal cell subsets have been identified by the expression of the adhesion molecule CD31 and glycoprotein podoplanin (gp38), T zone reticular cells or fibroblastic reticular cells, lymphatic endothelial cells, blood endothelial cells and FRC-like pericytes within the double negative cell population. For all populations different functions are described including, separation and lining of different compartments, attraction of and interaction with different cell types, filtration of the draining fluidics and contraction of the lymphatic vessels. In the last years, different groups have described an additional role of stromal cells in orchestrating and regulating cytotoxic T cell responses potentially dangerous for the host. 
Lymph nodes are complex structures with many different cell types and therefore require a appropriate procedure for isolation of the desired cell populations. Currently, protocols for the isolation of lymph node stromal cells rely on enzymatic digestion with varying incubation times; however, stromal cells and their surface molecules are sensitive to these enzymes, which results in loss of surface marker expression and cell death. Here a short enzymatic digestion protocol combined with automated mechanical disruption to obtain viable single cells suspension of lymph node stromal cells maintaining their surface molecule expression is proposed.

Isolation of lymph node stromal cells is a multistep procedure including enzymatic digestion and mechanical disaggregation to obtain fibroblastic reticular cells, lymphatic and blood endothelial cells. In the described procedure, a short digestion is combined with automated mechanical disaggregation to minimize surface marker degradation of viable lymph node stromal cells.

ネズミリンパ節間質細胞の単離

Secondary lymphoid organs including lymph nodes are composed of stromal cells that provide a structural environment for homeostasis, activation and ...

Isolation of Murine Peritoneal Macrophages to Carry Out Gene Expression Analysis Upon Toll-like Receptors Stimulation

During infection and inflammation, circulating monocytes leave the bloodstream and migrate into tissues, where they differentiate into macrophages. Macrophages express surface Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which recognize molecular patterns conserved through evolution in a wide range of microorganisms. TLRs play a central role in macrophage activation which is usually associated with gene expression alteration. Macrophages are critical in many diseases and have emerged as attractive targets for therapy. In the following protocol, we describe a procedure to isolate murine peritoneal macrophages using Brewer&#8217;s thioglycollate medium. The latter will boost monocyte migration into the peritoneum, accordingly this will raise macrophage yield by 10-fold. Several studies have been carried out using bone marrow, spleen or peritoneal derived macrophages. However, peritoneal macrophages were shown to be more mature upon isolation and are more stable in their functionality and phenotype. Thus, macrophages isolated from murine peritoneal cavity present an important cell population that can serve in different immunological and metabolic studies. Once isolated, macrophages were stimulated with different TLR ligands and consequently&#160;gene expression was evaluated.

We describe here a simple protocol to isolate murine peritoneal macrophages. This procedure is followed by RNA extraction to carry out gene expression analysis upon Toll-like receptors stimulation.

Toll様受容体刺激時の遺伝子発現解析を行うためにマウス腹腔マクロファージの単離

During infection and inflammation, circulating monocytes leave the bloodstream and migrate into tissues, where they differentiate into macrophages. ...

Isolation and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Glioma-infiltrating Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells

Our laboratory has recently demonstrated that natural killer (NK) cells are capable of eradicating orthotopically implanted mouse GL26 and rat CNS-1 malignant gliomas soon after intracranial engraftment if the cancer cells are rendered deficient in their expression of the &#946;-galactoside-binding lectin galectin-1 (gal-1). More recent work now shows that a population of Gr-1+/CD11b+ myeloid cells is critical to this effect. To better understand the mechanisms by which NK and myeloid cells cooperate to confer gal-1-deficient tumor rejection we have developed a comprehensive protocol for the isolation and analysis of glioma-infiltrating peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). The method is demonstrated here by comparing PBMC infiltration into the tumor microenvironment of gal-1-expressing GL26 gliomas with those rendered gal-1-deficient via shRNA knockdown. The protocol begins with a description of&#160;how to culture and prepare GL26 cells for inoculation into the syngeneic C57BL/6J mouse brain. It then explains the steps involved in the isolation and flow cytometric analysis of glioma-infiltrating PBMCs from the early brain tumor microenvironment. The method is adaptable to a number of in vivo experimental designs in which temporal data on immune infiltration into the brain is required. The method is sensitive and highly reproducible, as glioma-infiltrating PBMCs can be isolated from intracranial tumors as soon as 24 hr post-tumor engraftment with similar cell counts observed from time point matched tumors throughout independent experiments. A single experimentalist can perform the method from brain harvesting to flow cytometric analysis of glioma-infiltrating PBMCs in roughly 4-6 hr depending on the number of samples to be analyzed. Alternative glioma models and/or cell-specific detection antibodies may also be used at the experimentalists&#8217; discretion to assess the infiltration of several other immune cell types of interest without the need for alterations to the overall procedure.

Presented here is a straightforward method for the isolation and flow cytometric analysis of glioma-infiltrating peripheral blood mononuclear cells that yields time-dependent quantitative data on the number and activation status of immune cells entering the early brain tumor microenvironment.

神経膠腫浸潤末梢血単核細胞の単離およびフローサイトメトリー分析

Our laboratory has recently demonstrated that natural killer (NK) cells are capable of eradicating orthotopically implanted mouse GL26 and rat CNS-1 ...

Isolation, Characterization and Functional Examination of the Gingival Immune Cell Network

Immune cell networks in tissues play a vital role in mediating local immunity and maintaining tissue homeostasis, yet little is known of the resident immune cell populations in the oral mucosa and gingiva. We have established a technique for the isolation and study of immune cells from murine gingival tissues, an area of constant microbial exposure and a vulnerable site to a common inflammatory disease, periodontitis. Our protocol allows for a detailed phenotypic characterization of the immune cell populations resident in the gingiva, even at steady state. Our procedure also yields sufficient cells with high viability for use in functional studies, such as the assessment of cytokine secretion ex vivo. This combination of phenotypic and functional characterization of the gingival immune cell network should aid towards investigating the mechanisms involved in oral immunity and periodontal homeostasis, but will also advance our understanding of the mechanisms involved in local immunopathology.

We have established a technique for the isolation, phenotypic characterization and functional analysis of immune cells from murine gingiva.

単離、特徴付けおよび歯肉免疫細胞ネットワークの機能検討

Immune cell networks in tissues play a vital role in mediating local immunity and maintaining tissue homeostasis, yet little is known of the resident ...

Isolation and Activation of Murine Lymphocytes

B and T cells, with their extremely diverse antigen-receptor repertoires, have the ability to mount specific immune responses against almost any invading pathogen1,2. Understandably, such intricate abilities are controlled by a large number of molecules involved in various cellular processes to ensure timely and spatially regulated immune responses3. Here, we describe experimental procedures that allow rapid isolation of highly purified murine lymphocytes using magnetic cell sorting technology. The resulting purified lymphocytes can then be subjected to various in vitro or in vivo functional assays, such as the determination of lymphocyte signaling capacity upon stimulation by immunoblotting4 and the investigation of proliferative abilities by 3H-thymidine incorporation or carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE) labeling5-7. In addition to comparing the functional capacities of control and genetically modified lymphocytes, we can also determine the T cell stimulatory capacity of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in vivo, as shown in our representative results using transplanted CFSE-labeled OT-I T cells.

Lymphocytes are the major players in adaptive immune responses. Here, we present a lymphocyte purification protocol to determine the physiological functions of the desired molecules in lymphocyte activation in vitro and in vivo. The described experimental procedures are suitable for comparing functional capacities between control and genetically modified lymphocytes.

単離とマウスリンパ球の活性化

B and T cells, with their extremely diverse antigen-receptor repertoires, have the ability to mount specific immune responses against almost any invading ...

Isolation and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Human Endocervical Gamma Delta T Cells

The female reproductive tract (FRT) mucosal immune system serves as the first line of defense. Better knowledge of the genital mucosa is therefore essential for understanding pathogenicity of different pathogens including HIV. Gamma delta (GD) T cells are the prototype of &#39;unconventional&#39; T cells and represent a relatively small subset of T cells defined by their expression of heterodimeric T-cell receptors (TCRs) composed of gamma and delta chains. This sets them apart from the classical and much better known CD4+ helper T cells and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells that are defined by alpha-beta TCRs. GD T cells often show tissue-specific localization and are enriched in epithelium. GD T cells orchestrate immune responses in inflammation, tumor surveillance, infectious disease, and autoimmunity.
Here, we present a method to reproducibly isolate and analyze human endocervical intraepithelial GD T lymphocytes. We have used endocervical cytobrush samples from women participating in the Women&#39;s Interagency HIV Infection Study (WIHS). Knowledge about GD T cells interactions during conditions in which there is an insult to the vaginal mucosal could be applied to any clinical study in which mucosal vulnerability is addressed, including the development of vaginal microbicides.In addition, knowledge about mucosal GD T cell responses has potential for application of GD T cell-based immune therapy in treating infectious diseases.

We describe here an isolation method to obtain human endocervical intraepithelial lymphocytes for the analysis of intraepithelial gamma delta T cells. This protocol can be extended for the purification of endocervical gamma delta T cells by magnetic beads or by cell sorting.

ヒト子宮頸管ガンマ・デルタT細胞の単離およびフローサイトメトリー分析

The female reproductive tract (FRT) mucosal immune system serves as the first line of defense. Better knowledge of the genital mucosa is therefore ...

Digestion of the Murine Liver for a Flow Cytometric Analysis of Lymphatic Endothelial Cells

Within the liver, lymphatic vessels are found within the portal triad, and their described function is to remove interstitial fluid from the liver to the lymph nodes where cellular debris and antigens can be surveyed. We are very interested in understanding how the lymphatic vasculature might be involved in inflammation and immune cell function within the liver. However, very little has been published establishing digestion protocols for the isolation of lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) from the liver or specific markers that can be used to evaluate liver LECs on a per cell basis. Therefore, we optimized a method for the digestion and staining of the liver in order to evaluate the LEC population in the liver. We are confident that the method outlined here will be useful for the identification and isolation of LECs from the liver and will strengthen our understanding of how LECs respond to the liver microenvironment.

The goal of this protocol is to identify lymphatic endothelial cell populations within the liver using described markers. We utilize collagenase IV and DNase and a gentle mincing of tissue, combined with flow cytometry, to identify a distinct population of lymphatic endothelial cells.

リンパ管内皮細胞のフローサイトのマウス肝臓の消化

Within the liver, lymphatic vessels are found within the portal triad, and their described function is to remove interstitial fluid from the liver to the ...

Analysis of Shear Flow-induced Migration of Murine Marginal Zone B Cells In Vitro

Marginal zone B cells (MZBs) are a population of B cells that reside in the mouse splenic marginal zones that envelop follicles. To reach the follicles, MZBs must migrate up the shear force of blood flow. We present here a method for analyzing this flow-induced MZB migration in vitro. First, MZBs are isolated from the mouse spleen. Second, MZBs are settled on integrin ligands in flow chamber slides, exposed to shear flow, and imaged under a microscope while migrating. Third, images of the migrating MZBs are processed using the MTrack2 automatic cell tracking plugin for ImageJ, and the resulting cell tracks are quantified using the Ibidi chemotaxis tool. The migration data reveal how fast the cells move, how often they change direction, whether the shear flow vector affects their migration direction, and which integrin ligands are involved. Although we use MZBs, the method can easily be adapted for analyzing migration of any leukocyte that responds to the force of shear flow.

Marginal zone B cells (MZBs) respond to the force of shear flow by re-orienting their migration path up the flow. This protocol shows how to record and analyze the migration using a fluidics unit, pump, microscope imaging system, and free software.

生体外でマウス縁帯 B 細胞のせん断流動誘起移行の解析

Marginal zone B cells (MZBs) are a population of B cells that reside in the mouse splenic marginal zones that envelop follicles. To reach the follicles, ...