Esta obra fue financiada por los Institutos Nacionales de Salud / Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares (NIH / NINDS) otorga R01-NS074387, R01-R21-NS057711 y NS091555 al MGC; NIH / NINDS otorga R01-NS061107, R01-NS076991, R01-R21-NS082311 y NS084275 de PRL; subvenciones de Leah Corazones Felices, Universidad de Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center adjudicado a MGC y PRL; el Departamento de Neurocirugía de la Universidad de la Escuela de Medicina de Michigan; el Instituto Michigan de Investigación Clínica y de la Salud, con el apoyo de NIH subvención 2UL1-TR000433; la Beca de Formación de Biología de la Universidad de Michigan cáncer apoyado por el NIH / NCI (National Cancer Institute) subvención T32-CA009676; la Universidad de Michigan en Capacitación Clínica y Neurociencia Básica apoyado por el NIH / NINDS conceder T32-NS007222; y la Universidad de Programa de Entrenamiento Científico Michigan Medical apoyado por el NIH / NIGMS (Instituto Nacional de Medicina General de Ciencias) conceder T32-GM007863. Los autores de unre agradecidos por el liderazgo académico y el apoyo recibido del Dr. Karin Muraszko y el Departamento de Neurocirugía; M. Dahlgren, D. TOMFORD, y S. napolitana de apoyo administrativo excelente; M. Dzaman para la asistencia técnica en circulación; y Phil F. Jenkins para el generoso apoyo para la compra de un microscopio electrónico de barrido Zeiss 3D. También reconocemos el laboratorio Kuchroo en la Escuela de Medicina de Harvard de la que se ha elaborado una versión modificada de la estrategia de los medios de comunicación mediada por centrifugación de densidad para el aislamiento de células mononucleares cerebrales.

<ol>
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Los autores no tienen nada que revelar.

Este protocolo describe un método robusto y reproducible para el análisis de citometría de flujo y el aislamiento de PBMCs que se han infiltrado en el microambiente tumoral temprano del ratón cerebro. Suspensiones celulares de glioma se generan a una concentración especificada por el experimentador que se estereotácticamente injertado en el cuerpo estriado del cerebro de ratón. Los ratones son entonces sacrificados en puntos de tiempo predeterminados especificados por el diseño experimental y sus cerebros se cos...

Los gliomas son una clase de cánceres de cerebro neuroepiteliales derivadas de la glía transformado dentro del sistema nervioso central (SNC). De todos los gliomas, Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) glioma de grado IV, o glioblastoma (GBM), es el más común y letal 1. GBM es altamente refractaria a la atención estándar de corriente que consta de la resección del tumor a la medida de lo posible seguida de radiación y quimioterapia concomitante y adyuvante con temozolomida 2. Estos cánceres mortales tienen un pronóstico sombrío de sólo 15 a 18 meses de supervivencia desde el momento del diagnóstico inicial con sólo el 5% de los pacientes que sobreviven la enfermedad después de 5 años 3. La presencia de la barrera hematoencefálica (BBB), la falta de células presentadoras de antígenos profesionales (APC), y la existencia previamente no identificado de estructuras linfáticas de buena fe dentro del cerebro 4 han dado lugar a la noción de GBM como inmune privilegiados. Sin embargo, numerosos estudios ahora show que estos cánceres de cerebro de hecho generan el reclutamiento de células inmunes periféricos que son predominantemente de origen mieloide, que incluyen monocitos, macrófagos y células supresoras mieloides derivadas de MDSCs (5). GBM también influye en la actividad de la microglia del cerebro residente para convertirse en pro-tumorigénico 6,7. Las células linfoides tales como células T CD8 + 8 y CD56 células + asesinas naturales 9 también están presentes en el microambiente del tumor, pero en mucho menor número, un hecho piensa que es debido a la función inmunosupresora instigado por factores de glioma derivado de macrófagos asociados al tumor ( TAM) 10. Las células T CD4 + también están presentes en GBM, pero gran parte de esta población también expresa CD25 y FoxP3, los responsables de inmunosupresora T reguladoras (Treg) células 11. El estado inmunosupresor general de GBM culmina en la promoción de evasión inmunológica y la progresión tumoral 12. <p class= &quot;jove_content&quot;&gt; Una mejor comprensión de los mecanismos de GBM inmunosupresión es fundamental para el desarrollo de estrategias inmunoterapéuticas eficaces para estimular el sistema inmune contra el tumor. En los últimos 15 años, nuestro laboratorio ha trabajado para superar los mecanismos de immunosuppresson tumor cerebral con el fin de desarrollar eficaces nuevas inmunoterapias anti-MBG 13-19. La culminación de este trabajo ha dado lugar a un ensayo clínico diseñado para evaluar un citotóxico combinado y terapéutico inmune-estimulantes para los pacientes con diagnóstico reciente (Identificador ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01811992) GBM. Nuestro trabajo más reciente muestra que GL26 de ratón y de rata CNS-1 células GBM bloquean antitumoral de las células NK vigilancia inmunológica mediante la producción de grandes cantidades de la lectina de unión a β-galactosidasa-galectina-1 (Gal-1) 20. Esto se demostró mediante la supresión de la expresión de gal-1 en células de glioma usando mediada por shRNA desmontables gen. In vitro experiments mostraron que las células de glioma-gal 1-deficiente proliferaron normalmente en cultivo, sin embargo, fueron sometidos a rechazo rápido pronto después del injerto singénico intracraneal en ratones C57BL / 6J o RAG1 - / - ratones, estableciendo así la independencia de T o células B en esta forma de el rechazo del tumor. Immunodepletion células NK con anti-asialo GM 1 anti-suero o anticuerpos monoclonales NK1.1 llevó a la restauración completa de glioma intracraneal crecimiento gal-1-deficientes, se crea la función de las células NK en gal-1-deficiente rechazo glioma. Ahora demuestran que immunodepletion de las células mieloides GR-1 + / CD11b + es suficiente para prevenir el rechazo de glioma gal-1-deficiente a pesar de la presencia de células NK, revelando así un papel auxiliar indispensable para las células mieloides en la ayuda a la gal mediada por NK lisis tumoral -1-deficiente (datos no publicados). Este resultado inesperado nos ha llevado a desarrollar un protocolo integral para el aislamiento y el análisis de las células mononucleares de sangre periférica (CMSP) queinfiltrarse en el microambiente del tumor cerebral poco después el injerto intracraneal para que podamos caracterizar mejor los eventos de infiltración inmunes que predican el rechazo glioma gal-1-deficientes. El método se demuestra aquí utilizando células de glioma GL26 de ratón que la proteína fluorescente mCitrine expresan constitutivamente, llamado GL26-Cit, que permite la visualización directa de las células tumorales mediante microscopía de fluorescencia 21. Estas células se estereotácticamente injertaron en el cerebro de singénicos ratones C57BL / 6J y se dejaron crecer durante 24, 48, o 72 hr antes de la eutanasia del ratón. PBMCs glioma infiltrantes son entonces aislados y immunolabeled utilizando anti -CD45, -GR-1, -CD11b y -NK1.1 anticuerpos de la superficie celular, junto con immunolabeling intracelular de granzima B (GzmB). Esta combinación específica de anticuerpos permite la identificación de Gr-1 + / + células CD11b infiltrantes de tumores mieloides y NK1.1 +, células NK, los tipos de células que tenemos been implicado en el rechazo del tumor gal-1-deficientes. El perfil inmunológico de la infiltración gal-1-deficiente GL26-Cit glioma, se hace referencia aquí como GL26-Cit-gal1i, se compara entonces con la de gliomas que expresan niveles normales de gal-1 llamado GL26-Cit-NT que contienen un no- focalización de control shRNA horquilla. El protocolo comienza con una descripción de cómo la cultura células GL26-Cit glioma in vitro, que es seguido por una explicación sobre cómo injertar ortotópicamente estas células en el cuerpo estriado de singeneicos C57BL / 6J. A continuación, procede a enumerar los pasos implicados en el aislamiento y la inmunomarcación de PBMCs de glioma infiltrantes para el análisis de citometría de flujo. El protocolo concluye con una explicación de análisis de datos estándar y representación gráfica. La manifestación revela que tanto Gr-1 + / CD11b + células mieloides y células NK1.1 + NK preferentemente acumularse dentro del microambiente del tumor cerebral gal-1-deficientes dentro de 48h de la implantación del tumor, un resultado que ayuda a explicar por qué estos tumores se someten rápidamente lisis tumoral completa aproximadamente 1 semana injerto post-tumoral 20. El método es fácilmente adaptable a una serie de diferentes diseños experimentales in vivo en el que se requieren los datos temporales sobre la infiltración inmune en el cerebro. Un único experimentador puede realizar el protocolo de recolección cerebro para análisis citométrico de flujo de PBMCs de glioma infiltrantes en aproximadamente 4-6 horas, dependiendo del número de muestras a analizar. El método también se puede combinar con experimentos destinados para caracterizar el perfil de la circulación de PBMCs en ratones portadores de tumor para la comparación con los que se infiltran en el cerebro para identificar fenotipos de inmunosupresión específicamente inducidos por el microambiente tumoral. La aplicación de este y otros métodos debería facilitar una mejor comprensión de los factores que intervienen en el tráfico de células inmunes periféricas en el microambiente del tumor cerebral.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Dulbecco&#8217;s Modification of Eagles Medium</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>12430-054</td>
			<td>with 4.5g/L D-glucose, L-glutamine, 25mM HEPES and phenol red&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dulbecco&#8217;s Phosphate-buffered Saline&#160;</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>14190-144&#160;</td>
			<td>without calcium chloride or Magnesium chloride</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fetal bovine serum</td>
			<td>Omega Scientific Inc.</td>
			<td>FB-11</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Penicillin Streptomycin&#160;</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>15140-122</td>
			<td>10,000U/ml Penicillin; 10,000&#956;g/ml Streptomycin&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>L-glutamine</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>25030-081</td>
			<td>200mM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>G418 sulfate&#160;</td>
			<td>Omega Scientific Inc.</td>
			<td>GN-04</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Puromycin dihydrochloride&#160;&#160;</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>P8833</td>
			<td>from Streptomyces alboniger</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>HyClone HyQTase non-mammalian trypsin alternative&#160;</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td>SV30030.01</td>
			<td>in DPBS with EDTA&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Phase contrast hemocytometer</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>Z359629</td>
			<td>0.1mm deep</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Trypan blue stain</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>15250-061</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sterile 0.9% NaCl injection, USP</td>
			<td>Hospira</td>
			<td>NDC: 0409-4888</td>
			<td>10ml vials</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>0.6ml conical polypropylenemi microtubes</td>
			<td>Genesee Scientific</td>
			<td>22-272</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Atipamezole hydrochloride injection</td>
			<td>Orion Pharma</td>
			<td>NDC: 52483-6298</td>
			<td>5mg/ml solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ketamine hydrochloride injection</td>
			<td>Fort Dodge</td>
			<td>NDC: 0409-2051</td>
			<td>100mg/ml solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dexmedetomidine hydrochloride injection</td>
			<td>Zoetis</td>
			<td>NDC: 54771-2805</td>
			<td>0.5mg/ml solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Xylazine hydrochloride injection</td>
			<td>Lloyd</td>
			<td>NDC: 61311-481</td>
			<td>100mg/ml solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Carprofen injection</td>
			<td>Pfizer</td>
			<td>NDC: 61106-8501</td>
			<td>50mg/ml solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Buprenorphine hydrochloride injection</td>
			<td>Reckitt Benckiser</td>
			<td>NDC: 12496-0757</td>
			<td>0.3mg/ml ampuls</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1ml tuberculin syringes&#160;</td>
			<td>Covidien</td>
			<td>8881501400</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>26G x &#189; (0.45mm x 13mm) syringe needles&#160;</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>305111</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Surgical clippers</td>
			<td>3M</td>
			<td>9661</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Providone-iodine solution</td>
			<td>Aplicare</td>
			<td>82-217</td>
			<td>NDC: 52380-1905</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sterile petrolatum ophthalmic ointment&#160;</td>
			<td>Dechra</td>
			<td>NDC: 17033-211</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>70% isopropyl alcohol prep pads</td>
			<td>Kendall</td>
			<td>6818</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sterile gauze</td>
			<td>Covidien</td>
			<td>8044</td>
			<td>non-woven, 4&#34; x 4&#34;, 4-ply&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1.7ml conical polypropylene microtubes</td>
			<td>Genesee Scientific</td>
			<td>22-281</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mouse stereotactic frame</td>
			<td>Stoelting</td>
			<td>51730</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Surgical lamp</td>
			<td>Philips Burton</td>
			<td>CS316W</td>
			<td>Coolspot II Variable Spotlight</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Curved dissecting forceps</td>
			<td>Ted Pella Inc.</td>
			<td>5431</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Colibri retractors&#160;</td>
			<td>FST</td>
			<td>17000-03</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cordless precision power drill</td>
			<td>Dremel&#160;</td>
			<td>1100-01</td>
			<td>Stylus model; 7.2-Volt Lithium-Ion with Docking Station</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Engraving Cutter</td>
			<td>Dremel</td>
			<td>105</td>
			<td>1/32&#34; or 0.8 mm bit diameter</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microliter syringe</td>
			<td>Hamilton</td>
			<td>75</td>
			<td>Hamilton Microliter&#174; Syringes 700 series; 5&#956;l volume</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microliter syringe needles</td>
			<td>Hamilton</td>
			<td>7762-06</td>
			<td>33G, small hub RN NDL, 1.5 in, point style 3, 6/PK</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ethilon 3-0 black monofilament nylon sutures&#160;</td>
			<td>Ethicon</td>
			<td>1663</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Magnetic stir bar</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>74950-296</td>
			<td>7.9mm diameter x 50mm length (5/16&#34; diameter x 2&#34; length)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1L glass screw-cap storage bottle</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>1395</td>
			<td>Type 1, Class A borosilicate glass</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Heparin sodium&#160;</td>
			<td>Sagent</td>
			<td>NDC: 25021-400</td>
			<td>1,000U/ml solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Peristaltic pump</td>
			<td>Cole Parmer Instruments Group</td>
			<td>77200-60</td>
			<td>Master Flex Easy Load II console drive</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>compressed carbogen (95% O2 / 5% CO2)</td>
			<td>available from local vendor</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>A-type, large cylinder&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>20G x 1 &#189;&#34; aluminum hub blunt needles</td>
			<td>Kendall</td>
			<td>8881202363</td>
			<td>0.9mm x 38.1mm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Polyurethane ice bucket</td>
			<td>Fisherbrand</td>
			<td>02-591-45</td>
			<td>Capacity: 0.152 oz. (4.5L)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Collagenase (Type I-S)</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>C1639</td>
			<td>from Clostridium histolyticum&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Deoxyribonuclease I</td>
			<td>Worthington Biochemical Corp.</td>
			<td>LS002007</td>
			<td>&#62;2,000 Kunitz units per mg dry weight</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Antistatic polystyrene hexagonal weighing dishes</td>
			<td>Ted Pella Inc.</td>
			<td>20157-3</td>
			<td>top I.D. 115mm, base I.D. 85mm, 203ml volume&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Stainless steel single edged razor blades&#160;</td>
			<td>Garvey</td>
			<td>40475</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bone rongeurs</td>
			<td>FST</td>
			<td>16001-15</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hemostat</td>
			<td>FST</td>
			<td>13014-14</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Large dissection scissors</td>
			<td>Ted Pella Inc.</td>
			<td>1316</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Small dissection scissors</td>
			<td>FST</td>
			<td>14094-11</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Blunt end forceps</td>
			<td>Ted Pella Inc.</td>
			<td>13250</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>7ml glass Dounce tissue grinder</td>
			<td>Kontes</td>
			<td>KT885300-0007</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Percoll Density Centrifugation Media&#160;</td>
			<td>GE Healthcare</td>
			<td>GE17-0891-01</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>10 mL serological pipettes</td>
			<td>Genesee Scientific</td>
			<td>12-104</td>
			<td>single use; sterile</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>70&#956;m sterile nylon mesh cell strainers&#160;</td>
			<td>Fisherbrand</td>
			<td>22363548</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Alexa Fluor 700-conjugated rat anti-mouse CD45 (clone: 30-F11)</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>103128</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>APC-conjugated mouse anti-mouse NK1.1 (clone: PK136)</td>
			<td>eBiosciences&#160;</td>
			<td>17-5941-82</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PE-conjugated rat anti-mouse Gr-1 (clone:RB6-8C5)</td>
			<td>BD Pharmigen</td>
			<td>553128</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PerCP/Cy5.5-conjugated rat anti-mouse CD11b (clone: M1/70)&#160;</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>101228</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Alexa Fluor 700-conjugated rat IgG2b, &#954; (clone: RTK4530) isotype control&#160;</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>400628</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>APC-conjugated mouse IgG2a, &#954; (clone: eBM2a) isotype control&#160;</td>
			<td>eBioscience</td>
			<td>17-4724</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PE-conjugated rat IgG2b, &#954; (clone: eB149/10H5) isotype control&#160;</td>
			<td>eBioscience</td>
			<td>12-4031-82</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PerCP/Cy5.5-conjugated rat IgG2b, &#954; (clone: RTK4530) isotype control</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>400632</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pacific Blue-conjugated mouse anti-mouse granzyme B (Clone: GB11)&#160;</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>515403</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pacific Blue-conjugated mouse IgG1, &#954; (Clone: MOPC-21) isotype control&#160;</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>400151</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cytofix/Cytoperm</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>554714</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>15ml polypropylene centrifuge tubes</td>
			<td>Genesee Scientific</td>
			<td>21-103</td>
			<td>conical bottom&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>50ml polypropylene centrifuge tubes</td>
			<td>Genesee Scientific</td>
			<td>21-108</td>
			<td>conical bottom</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>12x75mm round-bottom polypropylene FACS tubes&#160;</td>
			<td>Fisherbrand</td>
			<td>14-956-1B</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>FACSAria Special Order Research Product flow cytometer/cell sorter</td>
			<td>BD&#160;</td>
			<td>650033</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Class II Biological Safety Cabinet</td>
			<td>The Baker Company</td>
			<td>SG603</td>
			<td>model: SterilGARD III Advance</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

isolation and flow cytometric analysis of glioma-infiltrating peripheral blood mononuclear cells

Nuestro laboratorio ha demostrado recientemente que las células asesinas naturales (NK) son capaces de erradicar ortotópicamente implantado GL26 de ratón y de rata CNS-1 gliomas malignos pronto después del injerto intracraneal si las células cancerosas se vuelven deficientes en su expresión de la galectina lectina β-galactósido vinculante -1 (gal-1). Un trabajo más reciente ahora demuestra que una población de células mieloides Gr-1 + / CD11b + es fundamental en este sentido. Para comprender mejor los mecanismos por los cuales NK y células mieloides cooperan para conferir el rechazo del tumor gal-1-deficiente hemos desarrollado un protocolo completo para el aislamiento y análisis de las células mononucleares de sangre periférica de glioma infiltrantes (PBMC). El método se demuestra aquí comparando PBMC infiltración en el microambiente tumoral de gal-1 que expresan GL26 gliomas con los prestados gal-1-deficientes través shRNA desmontables. El protocolo comienza con una descripción de cómo la cultura y preparar GL26 ceLLS para la inoculación en el singénico C57BL / 6J cerebro de ratón. A continuación, se explican los pasos que intervienen en el aislamiento y el flujo de análisis de citometría de glioma de PBMCs infiltrarse desde el microambiente tumoral temprano del cerebro. El método es adaptable a una serie de diseños experimentales in vivo en el que se requieren los datos temporales sobre la infiltración inmune en el cerebro. El método es sensible y altamente reproducible, como PBMCs de glioma infiltrantes pueden ser aislados de tumores intracraneales tan pronto como 24 hr injerto post-tumor con recuentos de células similares observados desde el punto emparejado tumores tiempo a lo largo experimentos independientes. Un único experimentador puede realizar el método de la cosecha cerebro para análisis citométrico de flujo de PBMCs de glioma infiltrantes en aproximadamente 4-6 horas, dependiendo del número de muestras a analizar. Modelos alternativos de glioma y / o anticuerpos de detección de células específicas también pueden utilizarse a discreción de los experimentadores &#39;para evaluar la infiltración de varios otros immuntipos e celulares de interés sin la necesidad de modificaciones en el procedimiento general.

La estrategia gating siguiente se utiliza para un experimento típico: FSC-A vs SSC-A → SSC-H vs SSC-W → FSC-H vs FSC-W → CD45 vs. recuento → Gr-1 vs. CD11b → NK1.1 vs. recuento. Puertas coloca en Gr-1 células mieloides + / CD11b + y las células NK1.1 + NK son estratificados basados ​​en la expresión GzmB (Figura 5A). Backgating las células identificadas como células NK1.1 + NK y Gr-1 + / CD11b + células mieloides en n...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Isolation and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Glioma-infiltrating Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells at JoVE.com

Isolation and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Glioma-infiltrating Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells

Se presenta aquí un método sencillo para el aislamiento y análisis de citometría de flujo de células mononucleares de sangre periférica de glioma infiltrantes que produce datos cuantitativos dependientes del tiempo sobre el número y el estado de activación de las células inmunes que entran en el microambiente tumoral temprano del cerebro.

El aislamiento y la citometría de flujo análisis de las células mononucleares de sangre periférica Glioma infiltrantes

Our laboratory has recently demonstrated that natural killer (NK) cells are capable of eradicating orthotopically implanted mouse GL26 and rat CNS-1 ...

isolation-flow-cytometric-analysis-glioma-infiltrating-peripheral

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

15.6K vistas.  University of Michigan.  Se presenta aquí un método sencillo para el aislamiento y análisis de citometría de flujo de células mononucleares de sangre periférica de glioma infiltrantes que produce datos cuantitativos dependientes del tiempo sobre el número y el estado de activación de las células inmunes que entran en el microambiente tumoral temprano del cerebro. 

Video: Isolation and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Glioma-infiltrating Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells

Isolation of Mouse Peritoneal Cavity Cells

The peritoneal cavity is a membrane-bound and fluid-filled abdominal cavity of mammals, which contains the liver, spleen, most of the gastro-intestinal tract and other viscera. It harbors a number of immune cells including macrophages, B cells and T cells. The presence of a high number of na&iuml;ve macrophages in the peritoneal cavity makes it a preferred site for the collection of na&iuml;ve tissue resident macrophages (1). The peritoneal cavity is also important to the study of B cells because of the presence of a unique peritoneal cavity-resident B cell subset known as B1 cells in addition to conventional B2 cells. B1 cells are subdivided into B1a and B1b cells, which can be distinguished by the surface expression of CD11b and CD5. B1 cells are an important source of natural IgM providing early protection from a variety of pathogens (2-4). These cells are autoreactive in nature (5), but how they are controlled to prevent autoimmunity is still not understood completely. On the contrary, CD5+ B1a cells possess some regulatory properties by virtue of their IL-10 producing capacity (6). Therefore, peritoneal cavity B1 cells are an interesting cell population to study because of their diverse function and many unaddressed questions associated with their development and regulation. The isolation of peritoneal cavity resident immune cells is tricky because of the lack of a defined structure inside the peritoneal cavity. Our protocol will describe a procedure for obtaining viable immune cells from the peritoneal cavity of mice, which then can be used for phenotypic analysis by flow cytometry and for different biochemical and immunological assays.

The peritoneal cavity in mammals contains different immune cell populations crucial for innate immune responses. An efficient isolation method is required for biochemical and functional analyses of these cells. Here we provide a comprehensive method for the isolation of peritoneal cavity cells in the mouse.

Aislamiento de células de ratón cavidad peritoneal

The peritoneal cavity is a membrane-bound and fluid-filled abdominal cavity of mammals, which contains the liver, spleen, most of the gastro-intestinal ...

Investigación

Inmunología e Infección

Detecting Glycogen in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells with Periodic Acid Schiff Staining

Periodic acid Schiff (PAS) staining is an immunohistochemical technique used on muscle biopsies and as a diagnostic tool for blood samples. Polysaccharides such as glycogen, glycoproteins, and glycolipids stain bright magenta making it easy to enumerate positive and negative cells within the tissue. In muscle cells PAS staining is used to determine the glycogen content in different types of muscle cells, while in blood cell samples PAS staining has been explored as a diagnostic tool for a variety of conditions. Blood contains a proportion of white blood cells that belong to the immune system. The notion that cells of the immune system possess glycogen and use it as an energy source has not been widely explored. Here, we describe an adapted version of the PAS staining protocol that can be applied on peripheral blood mononuclear immune cells from human venous blood. Small cells with PAS-positive granules and larger cells with diffuse PAS staining were observed. Treatment of samples with amylase abrogates these patterns confirming the specificity of the stain. An alternate technique based on enzymatic digestion confirmed the presence and amount of glycogen in the samples. This protocol is useful for hematologists or immunologists studying polysaccharide content in blood-derived lymphocytes.

Periodic acid Schiff staining is a technique that visualizes the polysaccharide content of tissues. This article demonstrates periodic acid Schiff staining protocol adapted for use on peripheral blood mononuclear cells purified from human venous blood. Such samples are enriched for lymphocytes and other white blood cells of the immune system.

La detección de glucógeno en las células mononucleares de sangre periférica con ácido periódico de Schiff tinción

Periodic acid Schiff (PAS) staining is an immunohistochemical technique used on muscle biopsies and as a diagnostic tool for blood samples. ...

Isolation and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Immune Cells from the Ischemic Mouse Brain

Ischemic stroke initiates a robust inflammatory response that starts in the intravascular compartment and involves rapid activation of brain resident cells. A key mechanism of this inflammatory response is the migration of circulating immune cells to the ischemic brain facilitated by chemokine release and increased endothelial adhesion molecule expression. Brain-invading leukocytes are well-known contributing to early-stage secondary ischemic injury, but their significance for the termination of inflammation and later brain repair has only recently been noticed.
Here, a simple protocol for the efficient isolation of immune cells from the ischemic mouse brain is provided. After transcardial perfusion, brain hemispheres are dissected and mechanically dissociated. Enzymatic digestion with Liberase&#160;is followed by density gradient (such as Percoll) centrifugation to remove myelin and cell debris. One major advantage of this protocol is the single-layer density gradient procedure which does not require time-consuming preparation of gradients and can be reliably performed. The approach yields highly reproducible cell counts per brain hemisphere and allows for measuring several flow cytometry panels in one biological replicate. Phenotypic characterization and quantification of brain-invading leukocytes after experimental stroke may contribute to a better understanding of their multifaceted roles in ischemic injury and repair.

Inflammation plays a central role in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke. Increasing evidence suggests that it acts as a double-edged sword which exacerbates early brain injury, but also contributes to later repair. This protocol describes the isolation of immune cells from the ischemic brain and their subsequent flow cytometric phenotyping.

Aislamiento y análisis de citometría de flujo de células inmunes del cerebro isquémico Ratón

Ischemic stroke initiates a robust inflammatory response that starts in the intravascular compartment and involves rapid activation of brain resident ...

Flow Cytometric Analysis of Natural Killer Cell Lytic Activity in Human Whole Blood

NK cell cytotoxicity is a widely used measure to determine the effect of outside intervention on NK cell function. However, the accuracy and reproducibility of this assay can be considered unstable, either because of user&#39;s errors or because of the sensitivity of NK cells to experimental manipulation. To eliminate these issues, a workflow that reduces them to a minimum was established and is presented here. To illustrate, we obtained blood samples, at various time points, from runners (n = 4) that were submitted to an intense bout of exercise. First, NK cells are simultaneously identified and isolated through CD56 tagging and magnetic-based sorting, directly from whole blood and from as little as one milliliter. The sorted NK cells are removed of any reagent or capping antibodies. They can be counted in order to establish an accurate NK cell count per milliliter of blood. Secondly, the sorted NK cells (effectors cells or E) can be mixed with 3,3&#39;-Diotadecyloxacarbocyanine Perchlorate (DiO) tagged K562 cells (target cells or T) at an assay-optimal 1:5 T:E ratio, and analyzed using an imaging flow-cytometer that allows for the visualization of each event and the elimination of any false positive or false negatives (such as doublets or effector cells). This workflow can be completed in about 4 h, and allows for very stable results even when working with human samples. When available, research teams can test several experimental interventions in human subjects, and compare measurements across several time points without compromising the data&#39;s integrity.

This work describes an advanced workflow for the accurate and fast determination of NK (Natural Killer) cell count and NK cell cytotoxicity in human blood samples.

Análisis de citometría de flujo de las células asesinas naturales lítico Actividad en sangre entera humana

NK cell cytotoxicity is a widely used measure to determine the effect of outside intervention on NK cell function. However, the accuracy and ...

Isolation and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Human Endocervical Gamma Delta T Cells

The female reproductive tract (FRT) mucosal immune system serves as the first line of defense. Better knowledge of the genital mucosa is therefore essential for understanding pathogenicity of different pathogens including HIV. Gamma delta (GD) T cells are the prototype of &#39;unconventional&#39; T cells and represent a relatively small subset of T cells defined by their expression of heterodimeric T-cell receptors (TCRs) composed of gamma and delta chains. This sets them apart from the classical and much better known CD4+ helper T cells and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells that are defined by alpha-beta TCRs. GD T cells often show tissue-specific localization and are enriched in epithelium. GD T cells orchestrate immune responses in inflammation, tumor surveillance, infectious disease, and autoimmunity.
Here, we present a method to reproducibly isolate and analyze human endocervical intraepithelial GD T lymphocytes. We have used endocervical cytobrush samples from women participating in the Women&#39;s Interagency HIV Infection Study (WIHS). Knowledge about GD T cells interactions during conditions in which there is an insult to the vaginal mucosal could be applied to any clinical study in which mucosal vulnerability is addressed, including the development of vaginal microbicides.In addition, knowledge about mucosal GD T cell responses has potential for application of GD T cell-based immune therapy in treating infectious diseases.

We describe here an isolation method to obtain human endocervical intraepithelial lymphocytes for the analysis of intraepithelial gamma delta T cells. This protocol can be extended for the purification of endocervical gamma delta T cells by magnetic beads or by cell sorting.

Aislamiento y Análisis de citometría de flujo, de Human endocervical Gamma Delta T Cells

The female reproductive tract (FRT) mucosal immune system serves as the first line of defense. Better knowledge of the genital mucosa is therefore ...

Digestion of the Murine Liver for a Flow Cytometric Analysis of Lymphatic Endothelial Cells

Within the liver, lymphatic vessels are found within the portal triad, and their described function is to remove interstitial fluid from the liver to the lymph nodes where cellular debris and antigens can be surveyed. We are very interested in understanding how the lymphatic vasculature might be involved in inflammation and immune cell function within the liver. However, very little has been published establishing digestion protocols for the isolation of lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) from the liver or specific markers that can be used to evaluate liver LECs on a per cell basis. Therefore, we optimized a method for the digestion and staining of the liver in order to evaluate the LEC population in the liver. We are confident that the method outlined here will be useful for the identification and isolation of LECs from the liver and will strengthen our understanding of how LECs respond to the liver microenvironment.

The goal of this protocol is to identify lymphatic endothelial cell populations within the liver using described markers. We utilize collagenase IV and DNase and a gentle mincing of tissue, combined with flow cytometry, to identify a distinct population of lymphatic endothelial cells.

Digestión del hígado murino para el análisis cytometric del flujo de las células endoteliales linfáticas

Within the liver, lymphatic vessels are found within the portal triad, and their described function is to remove interstitial fluid from the liver to the ...

Digestion of Whole Mouse Eyes for Multi-Parameter Flow Cytometric Analysis of Mononuclear Phagocytes

The innate immune system plays important roles in ocular pathophysiology including uveitis, diabetic retinopathy, and age-related macular degeneration. Innate immune cells, specifically mononuclear phagocytes, express overlapping cell surface markers, which makes identifying these populations a challenge. Multi-parameter flow cytometry allows for the simultaneous, quantitative analysis of multiple cell surface markers in order to differentiate monocytes, macrophages, microglia, and dendritic cells in mouse eyes. This protocol describes the enucleation of whole mouse eyes, ocular dissection, digestion into a single cell suspension, and staining of the single cell suspension for myeloid cell markers. Additionally, we explain the proper methods for determining voltages using single color controls and for delineating positive gates using fluorescence minus one controls. The major limitation of multi-parameter flow cytometry is the absence of tissue architecture. This limitation can be overcome by multi-parameter flow cytometry of individual ocular compartments or complimentary immunofluorescence staining. However, immunofluorescence is limited by its lack of quantitative analysis and reduced number of fluorophores on most microscopes. We describe the use of multi-parametric flow cytometry to provide highly quantitative analysis of mononuclear phagocytes in laser-induced choroidal neovascularization. Additionally, multi-parameter flow cytometry can be used for the identification of macrophage subsets, fate mapping, and cell sorting for transcriptomic or proteomic studies.

This protocol provides a method to digest whole eyes into a single cell suspension for the purpose of multi-parameter flow cytometric analysis in order to identify specific ocular mononuclear phagocytic populations, including monocytes, microglia, macrophages, and dendritic cells.

Digestión de ojos enteros del ratón para el análisis citométrico de flujo multiparamétrico de fagocitos mononucleares

The innate immune system plays important roles in ocular pathophysiology including uveitis, diabetic retinopathy, and age-related macular degeneration. ...

Flotation-Based T Cell Isolation, Activation, and Expansion from Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell Samples Using Microbubbles

The process of isolating T cells from peripheral blood mononuclear&#160;cells (PBMCs) to establish ex vivo cultures is crucial for research, clinical testing, and cell-based therapies. In this study, a simple, novel protocol to isolate, activate, and expand T cells from PBMCs ex vivo is presented. This study utilizes functionalized buoyancy-activated cell sorting (BACS) technology to isolate and activate T cells. Briefly, the protocol involves the positive selection of CD3+ cells from leukopak-derived PBMCs, followed by a 48 h co-stimulation with pre-conjugated anti-CD28-bound streptavidin microbubbles (SAMBs) prior to transduction in 24-well plates. Functionalized microbubbles offer a unique opportunity to buoyantly activate cells, leading to proliferative phenotypes that allow for expansion with minimal exhaustion. This technique offers reduced exhaustion because the co-stimulatory microbubbles remain buoyant and return to the top of the culture medium, thus reducing the amount of time that the expanding cells are in contact with the co-stimulatory factors. The results indicate that the isolated and cultured T cells receive enough stimulation to activate and proliferate but not to an extent that leads to overactivation, which then leads to exhaustion, as demonstrated by the presence of excessive PD-1.

The objective of this study is to demonstrate the feasibility of flotation-based separation to isolate, activate, and expand primary human T cells.

Aislamiento, activación y expansión de células T basadas en flotación a partir de muestras de células mononucleares de sangre periférica humana utilizando microburbujas

The process of isolating T cells from peripheral blood mononuclear&#160;cells (PBMCs) to establish ex vivo cultures is crucial for research, clinical ...

Recolección y crioalmacenamiento de PBMC para el análisis bioenergético mitocondrial

Cryopreservation and Bioenergetic Evaluation of Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells

The physiological functions of eukaryotic cells rely on energy mainly provided by mitochondria. Mitochondrial dysfunction is linked to metabolic diseases and aging. Oxidative phosphorylation plays a decisive role, as it is crucial for the maintenance of energetic homeostasis. PBMCs have been identified as a minimally invasive sample to measure mitochondrial function and have been shown to reflect disease conditions. However, measurement of mitochondrial bioenergetic function can be limited by several factors in human samples. Limitations are the amount of samples taken, sampling time, which is often spread over several days, and locations. Cryopreservation of the collected samples can ensure consistent collection and measurement of samples. Care should be taken to ensure that the parameters measured are comparable between cryopreserved and freshly prepared cells. Here, we describe methods for isolating and cryopreserving PBMCs from human blood samples to analyze the bioenergetic function of the mitochondria in these cells. PBMC cryopreserved according to the protocol described here show only minor differences in cell number and viability, adenosine triphosphate levels, and measured respiratory chain activity compared with freshly harvested cells. Only 8-24 mL of human blood is needed for the described preparations, making it possible to collect samples during clinical studies multicentrally and determine their bioenergetics on site.

Autor destacado: Preservación de parámetros bioenergéticos en células mononucleares de sangre periférica después de la criopreservación 

Isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells can be used for the analysis of immune functions and disorders, metabolic diseases, or mitochondrial functions. In this work, we describe a standardized method for the preparation of PBMCs from whole blood and the subsequent cryopreservation. Cryopreservation makes this time and place independent.

Criopreservación y Evaluación Bioenergética de Células Mononucleares de Sangre Periférica Humana

The physiological functions of eukaryotic cells rely on energy mainly provided by mitochondria. Mitochondrial dysfunction is linked to metabolic diseases ...