Questa ricerca è stata sostenuta da sovvenzioni dal Israel Science Foundation (n. 1418/11) per AHH e (n. 1933/12) a AW, la Fondazione israeliana tedesco per i giovani ricercatori (GIF Young) di AHH, e la dottoressa mi . Cabakoff Research Fondo di dotazione presso la University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine di AHH e AW ebraico.

Preparare in anticipo: <ul><li> PBS + 2% FCS </li><li> PBS + 2% FCS con 2 mg / ml di collagenasi di tipo II e 1 mg / ml di DNAsi tipo I (1 ml per campione) </li><li> Strumenti chirurgici sterilizzati </li><li> 0,5 M soluzione di EDTA </li></ul> 1. Tomaia gengivale Tecnica escissione <ol><li> Euthanize topo, utilizzando una guida IACUC approvato. </li><li> Tagliare entrambi i lati del cavo orale tra le guance e il ramo mandibolare con un secco / smussato forbici dritte. </li><li> Tirare verso il basso la mandibola. </li><li> Tagliare i tessuti molli e duri in una linea immaginaria 1 millimetro dietro i molari terzi con forbici normali. Dirigono le forbici perpendicolari al piano dell&#39;osso palatale (Figura 2A, linee blu). </li><li> Incidere i tessuti molli e duri 2 millimetri dietro gli incisivi (Figura 2A, linee blu). </li><li> Tirare verso il basso la parte anteriore della bocca. La cavità nasale è osservabile dopo questo passaggio. </li><li> Posizionare le forbiciparallelo al palato, mettere una lama nella cavità nasale, l&#39;altra lama deve incidere al vestibolo. Tagliare finché l&#39;incisione posteriore (Figura 2A, linee verdi). Ripetere questo passaggio su entrambi i lati del mascellare superiore. Alla fine del mascellare è staccata dal resto del cranio (Figura 2B). </li><li> Rimuovere la mascella, tagliarlo nella sutura centro (Figura 2, nero linea tratteggiata) e tagliare il tessuto palatale di ciascun emi-mascellare fino a raggiungere l&#39;osso alveolare. </li><li> Sbucciare i tessuti gengivali (sia emi-mascellari) dal loro margine anteriore con Adson pinza (senza denti). </li><li> Posizionare la gengiva asportato in un piatto con PBS + 2% FCS. </li></ol> 2. Gengivale Elaborazione <ol><li> Mettere la gengiva asportato in un piatto di coltura tissutale (35 x 10 mm) con 1 ml di PBS + 2% FCS, 2 mg / ml di collagenasi di tipo II e 1 mg / ml di DNAsi Tipo I. </li><li> Tritare bene il tessuto con un 15 ° lama chirurgica sterile n. </li><li> Transfer il tessuto dalla piastra ad una provetta ml conica 15. </li><li> Lavare le cellule del tessuto / restano sulla piastra con 1 ml di PBS + 2% FCS e trasferimento alla stessa provetta. </li><li> Incubare in un agitatore incubatore per 20 minuti a 37 ° C, 200 rpm (raccomandazione: preriscaldare l&#39;incubatrice). </li><li> Aggiungere 20 ml di EDTA 0,5 M e incubare per altri 10 min a 37 ° C, 200 rpm. </li><li> Riempire la provetta fino a 12 ml con PBS + 2% FCS e centrifugare a 4 ° C, 400 x g per 8 minuti (si consiglia di pre-raffreddamento della centrifuga). </li><li> Rimuovere le cellule surnatante e risospendere con 2 ml di PBS + 2% FCS. </li><li> Filtrare il campione con un 70 micron cella-filtro e salvare il flusso attraverso. </li><li> Centrifugare a 4 ° C, 320 xg per 5 min. </li><li> Rimuovere le cellule surnatante e risospendere con 300 microlitri di PBS + 2% FCS. </li><li> Contare le cellule (circa 5-10 x 10 5 cellule sono attesi da un singolo mascellare). </li></ol> 3. Anticorpo extracellulare e intracellulareLa colorazione per Citometria a Flusso Analisi Si consiglia di lavorare all&#39;interno di una cappa, con le luci spente. È fondamentale per mantenere le cellule in ambiente freddo costante, così come tutti i materiali necessari. <ol><li> Colorare le cellule contro molecole extracellulari aggiungendo 0,2-0,5 ug di ciascun anticorpo selezionata per 1 x 10 6 cellule in un volume totale di 100 microlitri. </li><li> Vortex brevemente. </li><li> Incubare le provette per 15 minuti al buio a 4 ° C. </li><li> Lavare le cellule con 2 ml di PBS + 2% FCS. </li><li> Centrifugare a 4 ° C, 320 xg per 5 min. </li><li> Aspirare il surnatante e risospendere le cellule aggiungendo, goccia a goccia, 500 microlitri freddo BD Cytoperm / Cytofix mentre vortex. </li><li> Incubare le provette per 40 min a 4 ° C al buio. </li><li> Vortex brevemente. </li><li> Lavare le cellule due volte con 1 ml di freddo BD Perm / tampone di lavaggio e centrifuga a 800 xg per 7 minuti a 4 ° C. </li><li> Aspirare il surnatante eccetto 300 microlitri. </li><li> Colorare le cellule intracellulare dallaaggiungendo 1 ug di ciascun anticorpo selezionata per 1 x 10 6 cellule in un volume totale di 100 microlitri. </li><li> Vortex brevemente. </li><li> Incubare per 30 minuti al buio a 4 ° C. </li><li> Lavare le cellule due volte con 1 ml di freddo BD Perm / tampone di lavaggio e centrifuga a 800 xg per 7 minuti a 4 ° C. </li><li> Aspirare il surnatante e risospendere le cellule con l&#39;aggiunta di 300 ml freddo BD Perm / Wash Buffer. </li><li> Vortex brevemente. </li><li> Trasferire la sospensione, mentre il filtraggio di tubi FACS. </li><li> Tenere i tubi in un ambiente buio e fredda fino all&#39;analisi. </li></ol>

<ol>
	<li>Arizon, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Langerhans+cells+down-regulate+inflammation-driven+alveolar+bone+loss.">Langerhans cells down-regulate inflammation-driven alveolar bone loss.</a> Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 109, 7043-7048 (2012).</li><li>Listgarten, M. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pathogenesis+of+periodontitis.">Pathogenesis of periodontitis.</a> J. Clin. Periodontol. 13, 418-430 (1986).</li><li>Kinane, D. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Causation+and+pathogenesis+of+periodontal+disease.">Causation and pathogenesis of periodontal disease.</a> Periodontol. 25, 8-20 (2000).</li><li>Jotwani, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mature+dendritic+cells+infiltrate+the+T+cell-rich+region+of+oral+mucosa+in+chronic+periodontitis:+in+situ,+in+vivo,+and+in+vitro+studies.">Mature dendritic cells infiltrate the T cell-rich region of oral mucosa in chronic periodontitis: in situ, in vivo, and in vitro studies.</a> J. Immunol. 167, 4693-4700 (2001).</li><li>Graves, D. T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Interleukin-1+and+tumor+necrosis+factor+antagonists+inhibit+the+progression+of+inflammatory+cell+infiltration+toward+alveolar+bone+in+experimental+periodontitis.">Interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor antagonists inhibit the progression of inflammatory cell infiltration toward alveolar bone in experimental periodontitis.</a> J. Periodontol. 69, 1419-1425 (1998).</li><li>Kabashima, H., Yoneda, M., Nagata, K., Hirofuji, T., Maeda, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+presence+of+chemokine+(MCP-1,+MIP-1alpha,+MIP-1beta,+IP-10,+RANTES)-positive+cells+and+chemokine+receptor+(CCR5,+CXCR3)-positive+cells+in+inflamed+human+gingival+tissues.">The presence of chemokine (MCP-1, MIP-1alpha, MIP-1beta, IP-10, RANTES)-positive cells and chemokine receptor (CCR5, CXCR3)-positive cells in inflamed human gingival tissues.</a> Cytokine. 20, 70-77 (2002).</li><li>Moughal, N. A., Adonogianaki, E., Kinane, D. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Langerhans+cell+dynamics+in+human+gingiva+during+experimentally+induced+inflammation.">Langerhans cell dynamics in human gingiva during experimentally induced inflammation.</a> J. Biol. Buccale. 20, 163-167 (1992).</li><li>Cochran, D. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Inflammation+and+bone+loss+in+periodontal+disease.">Inflammation and bone loss in periodontal disease.</a> J. Periodontol. 79, 1569-1576 (2008).</li><li>Taubman, M. A., Valverde, P., Han, X., Kawai, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Immune+response:+the+key+to+bone+resorption+in+periodontal+disease.">Immune response: the key to bone resorption in periodontal disease.</a> J. Periodontol. 76, 2033-2041 (2005).</li><li>Graves, D. T., Kang, J., Andriankaja, O., Wada, K., Rossa, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Animal+models+to+study+host-bacteria+interactions+involved+in+periodontitis.">Animal models to study host-bacteria interactions involved in periodontitis.</a> Front Oral Biol. 15, 117-132 (2012).</li></ol>

Gli autori non hanno nulla da rivelare.

Maxilla tessuti gengivali ottenuti da un singolo mouse sono sufficienti per analizzare sottopopolazioni di linfociti T e B, così come la loro capacità di esprimere molecole extracellulari ed intracellulari come noi descritta 1. Tuttavia, se le popolazioni di cellule rare sono di interesse (ad esempio DC), si raccomanda di tessuti piscina 2-3 topi. Di nota, se preferibile, è possibile sbucciare entrambi i tessuti palatali e gengivale e quindi di asportare la gengiva (una modifica del passo 1.8-1.9). Va rico...

Gengiva è il tessuto molle che circonda la porzione cervicale dei denti e copre il processo alveolare (Figura 1). La gengiva è un tipo di mucosa masticatoria che può essere ulteriormente separato in epitelio mucoso e tessuto connettivo (noto anche come sottomucosa o lamina propria). La struttura anatomica della gengiva e denti adiacenti permette ai batteri di risiedere e sviluppare placche (biofilm) che sfida costantemente il sistema immunitario locale. Come risultato, risposta infiammatoria sviluppa nella gengiva, che in talune circostanze diventa distruttiva - una condizione nota come malattie periodontali 2. In sostanza, patologie parodontali placca indotte possono essere suddivisi in gengivite e parodontite. La gengivite rappresenta una condizione reversibile della risposta infiammatoria locale che si limita alla gengiva. Periodontite, d&#39;altra parte, è un processo distruttivo irreversibile in cui l&#39;apparato di attacco (osso alveolare, parodontalelegamento, cemento e gengiva) è distrutto 3. La gengiva è stato proposto per servire siti sia come effettori e induttivi durante malattie parodontali 4. Studi sull&#39;uomo hanno suggerito che in risposta alla placca dentale, le cellule immunitarie effettrici e le molecole infiltrate o di partenza la gengiva 5-7 dinamicamente. Questa attività ha dimostrato di svolgere un ruolo importante nella distruzione parodontale 8,9. Considerando che i dati generati da questi studi hanno fornito informazioni importanti per quanto riguarda questo processo patologico, lavorando con i tessuti umani possiedono grandi limiti etici, tecnici e sperimentali. Lo sviluppo di modelli sperimentali animali sperimentazioni di causa-effetto con l&#39;impiego topi transgenici e negli interventi in vivo 10. Come risultato, le nostre conoscenze sui meccanismi coinvolti nella malattia parodontale è aumentato notevolmente nel corso degli ultimi due decenni. Anche così, a causa della complessità delle malattie periodontali, c&#39;èun dibattito in corso in merito alla natura della risposta immunitaria locale facilitando la distruzione dei tessuti. Vi è anche una mancanza nella nostra comprensione sulla funzione delle cellule immunitarie centrali nella gengiva durante malattie periodontali. E &#39;quindi essenziale studiare eventi infiammatori patologici che si verificano nel tessuto bersaglio della malattia, la gengiva.

<table border="1">
 <tbody>
 <tr>
 <td>Comments (optional)</td>
 <td>Catalogue number</td>
 <td>Company</td>
 <td>Name of the reagent</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td></td>
 <td>CLS-2</td>
 <td>Worthington Biochemical Corp.</td>
 <td>Collagenase Type II</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td></td>
 <td>DN25-1G</td>
 <td>SIGMA</td>
 <td>DNAse I</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td></td>
 <td>E6758-100G</td>
 <td>SIGMA</td>
 <td>EDTA</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td></td>
 <td>D8537</td>
 <td>SIGMA</td>
 <td>Dulbecco's PBS</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Heat Inactivated</td>
 <td>04-121-1</td>
 <td>Biological Industries</td>
 <td>Fetal Bovine Serum </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td></td>
 <td>FPE-204-500</td>
 <td>Jet Biofil</td>
 <td>Vacuum-Driven Filter</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td></td>
 <td>352052</td>
 <td>BD Falcon</td>
 <td>5 ml Polystyrene Round-Bottom Tube</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td></td>
 <td>93070</td>
 <td>SPL Lifesciences</td>
 <td>Cell Strainer 70 &mu;m</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td></td>
 <td>153066</td>
 <td>NUNC</td>
 <td>Tissue Culture Dish 35&times;10 mm</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td></td>
 <td>554714</td>
 <td>BD</td>
 <td>BD Cytofix/Cytoperm</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Clone N418</td>
 <td>117305</td>
 <td>Biolegend</td>
 <td>Anti-mouse CD11c antibody</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Clone 104</td>
 <td>109819</td>
 <td>Biolegend</td>
 <td>Anti-mouse CD45.2 antibody</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Clone GK1.5</td>
 <td>100413</td>
 <td>Biolegend</td>
 <td>Anti-mouse CD4 antibody</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Clone 53-6.7</td>
 <td>100733</td>
 <td>Biolegend</td>
 <td>Anti-mouse CD8a antibody</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Clone 17A2</td>
 <td>100214</td>
 <td>Biolegend</td>
 <td>Anti-mouse CD3 antibody</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Clone G8.8</td>
 <td>118219</td>
 <td>Biolegend</td>
 <td>Anti-mouse CD326 (Ep-CAM) antibody</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Clone 929F3.01</td>
 <td>DDX0362D</td>
 <td>Imgenex</td>
 <td>Anti-mouse CD207 (Langerin) antibody</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Clone 39-10-8</td>
 <td>115010</td>
 <td>Biolegend</td>
 <td>Anti-mouse I-Ad (MHC-II) antobody</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td>BD Biosciences</td>
 <td>LSR II Flow Cytometer</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td>Tree Star</td>
 <td>FlowJo Software v 7.6.5</td>
 </tr>
 </tbody>
</table>

isolation, processing and analysis of murine gingival cells

Abbiamo sviluppato una tecnica per isolare e processare murino tessuto gengivale per la citometria a flusso e studi molecolari con precisione. La gengiva è un tessuto unico e importante per studiare i meccanismi immunitari perché è coinvolto nella risposta immunitaria contro i biofilm orale che potrebbe causare malattie parodontali. Inoltre, la vicinanza della gengiva al tessuto osseo alveolare consente anche studiando rimodellamento osseo in condizioni infiammatorie. Il nostro metodo consente di ottenere grandi quantità di cellule del sistema immunitario che permette l&#39;analisi anche di popolazioni di cellule rare, come le cellule di Langerhans e le cellule T regolatorie, come abbiamo dimostrato in precedenza 1. Impiegando i topi per studiare le risposte immunitarie locali coinvolti nella perdita di osso alveolare durante la malattia parodontale è vantaggioso a causa della disponibilità di vari strumenti immunologici e sperimentali. Tuttavia, a causa della loro piccola dimensione e l&#39;accesso relativamente scomodo per la gengiva murino, molti studi evitati esame di this tessuto critico. Il metodo descritto in questo lavoro potrebbe facilitare l&#39;analisi gengivale, che si spera di aumentare la nostra sottovalutare sul sistema immunitario orale e il suo ruolo durante le malattie parodontali.

Esempi di analisi di citometria a flusso su cellule gengivali sono presentati. Cellule gengivali pool da 2 topi sono stati eseguiti in un LSR II citofluorimetro e analizzati utilizzando il software FlowJo. Figura 3A dimostrato la distribuzione delle cellule gengivali da topi naive in un side scatter (SSC) rispetto forward scatter (FSC) trama. Strategia di gating per identificare (i) linfociti (ii) monociti / cellule dendritiche e (iii) granulociti è indicata. Fini confronto, presentiamo anche una trama...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Isolation, Processing and Analysis of Murine Gingival Cells at JoVE.com

Isolation, Processing and Analysis of Murine Gingival Cells

Questo studio descrive una tecnica efficiente per isolare e processare tessuti gengivali dalla cavità orale topo per produrre una coltura cella singola. Le cellule risultanti possono essere ulteriormente utilizzati per l&#39;analisi di citometria a flusso e studi molecolari.

Isolamento, elaborazione ed analisi dei murini gengivali

We have developed a technique to precisely isolate and process murine gingival tissue for flow cytometry and molecular studies. The gingiva is a unique ...

isolation-processing-and-analysis-of-murine-gingival-cells

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

18.8K Views.  Hebrew University - Hadassah Medical Center. Questo studio descrive una tecnica efficiente per isolare e processare tessuti gengivali dalla cavità orale topo per produrre una coltura cella singola. Le cellule risultanti possono essere ulteriormente utilizzati per l'analisi di citometria a flusso e studi molecolari.

Video: Isolation, Processing and Analysis of Murine Gingival Cells

Flow Cytometry Analysis of Immune Cells Within Murine Aortas

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory process of medium and large size vessels that is characterized by the formation of plaques consisting of foam cells, immune cells, vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells, platelets, extracellular matrix, and a lipid-rich core with extensive necrosis and fibrosis of surrounding tissues.1 The innate and adaptive arms of the immune response are involved in the initiation, development and persistence of atherosclerosis.2, 3 There is a significant body of evidence that different subsets of the immune cells, such as macrophages, dendritic cells, T and B lymphocytes, are present within the aortas of healthy and atherosclerosis-prone mice4. Additionally, immune cells are found in the surrounding aortic adventitia which suggests an important role of this tissue in atherogenesis.2
For some time, the quantitative detection of different types of immune cells, their activation status, and the cellular composition within the aortic wall was limited by RT-PCR and immunohistochemical methods for the study of atherosclerosis. Few attempts were made to perform flow cytometry using human aortas, and a number of problems, such as a high autofluorescence, have been reported5,6. Human atherosclerotic plaques were digested with collagenase 1, and free cells were collected and stained for CD14+/CD11c+ to highlight macrophage-derived foam cells. In this study, a "mock" channel was used to avoid false-positive staining.6 Necrotic materials accumulating during the digestion process give rise in a large amount of debris that generates a high autofluorescence in aortic samples. To resolve this problem, a panel of negative and positive controls has been proposed, but only double staining could be applied in these samples. We have developed a new flow cytometry-based method7 to analyze the immune cell composition and characterize the activation, proliferation, differentiation of immune cells in healthy and atherosclerosis-prone aorta. This method allows the investigation of the immune cell composition of the aortic wall and opens possibilities to use a broad spectrum of immunological methods for investigations of immune aspects of this disease.

This paper presents a flow cytometry-based method to investigate the immune composition of aortas. The paper also illustrates an additional technique that allows examining surrounding adventitia and vessel wall separately. This method opens possibilities to perform phenotypical analyses of aortic leukocytes and apply several immunological assays for atherosclerosis studies.

Analisi Citometria a flusso di cellule immunitarie all&#39;interno aorte Murine

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory process of medium and large size vessels that is characterized by the formation of plaques consisting of foam ...

Ricerca

Immunologia e infezioni

Isolation, Identification, and Purification of Murine Thymic Epithelial Cells

The thymus is a vital organ for T lymphocyte development. Of thymic stromal cells, thymic epithelial cells (TECs) are particularly crucial at multiple stages of T cell development: T cell commitment, positive selection and negative selection. However, the function of TECs in the thymus remains incompletely understood. In the article, we provide a method to isolate TEC subsets from fresh mouse thymus using a combination of mechanical disruption and enzymatic digestion. The method allows thymic stromal cells and thymocytes to be efficiently released from cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix connections and to form a single-cell suspension. Using the isolated cells, multiparameter flow cytometry can be applied to identification and characterization of TECs and dendritic cells. Because TECs are a rare cell population in the thymus, we also describe an effective way to enrich and purify TECs by depleting thymocytes, the most abundant cell type in the thymus. Following the enrichment, cell sorting time can be decreased so that loss of cell viability can be minimized during purification of TECs. Purified cells are suitable for various downstream analyses like Real Time-PCR, Western blot and gene expression profiling. The protocol will promote research of TEC function and as well as the development of in vitro T cell reconstitution.

Here we describe an efficient method for isolation, identification, and purification of mouse thymic epithelial cells (TECs). The protocol can be utilized for studies of thymus function for normal T cell development, thymus dysfunction, and T cell reconstitution.

Isolamento, identificazione e purificazione di cellule murine timica epiteliali

The thymus is a vital organ for T lymphocyte development. Of thymic stromal cells, thymic epithelial cells (TECs) are particularly crucial at multiple ...

Isolation of Murine Lymph Node Stromal Cells

Secondary lymphoid organs including lymph nodes are composed of stromal cells that provide a structural environment for homeostasis, activation and differentiation of lymphocytes. Various stromal cell subsets have been identified by the expression of the adhesion molecule CD31 and glycoprotein podoplanin (gp38), T zone reticular cells or fibroblastic reticular cells, lymphatic endothelial cells, blood endothelial cells and FRC-like pericytes within the double negative cell population. For all populations different functions are described including, separation and lining of different compartments, attraction of and interaction with different cell types, filtration of the draining fluidics and contraction of the lymphatic vessels. In the last years, different groups have described an additional role of stromal cells in orchestrating and regulating cytotoxic T cell responses potentially dangerous for the host. 
Lymph nodes are complex structures with many different cell types and therefore require a appropriate procedure for isolation of the desired cell populations. Currently, protocols for the isolation of lymph node stromal cells rely on enzymatic digestion with varying incubation times; however, stromal cells and their surface molecules are sensitive to these enzymes, which results in loss of surface marker expression and cell death. Here a short enzymatic digestion protocol combined with automated mechanical disruption to obtain viable single cells suspension of lymph node stromal cells maintaining their surface molecule expression is proposed.

Isolation of lymph node stromal cells is a multistep procedure including enzymatic digestion and mechanical disaggregation to obtain fibroblastic reticular cells, lymphatic and blood endothelial cells. In the described procedure, a short digestion is combined with automated mechanical disaggregation to minimize surface marker degradation of viable lymph node stromal cells.

Isolamento di cellule murine Linfonodo stromali

Secondary lymphoid organs including lymph nodes are composed of stromal cells that provide a structural environment for homeostasis, activation and ...

Isolation of Murine Peritoneal Macrophages to Carry Out Gene Expression Analysis Upon Toll-like Receptors Stimulation

During infection and inflammation, circulating monocytes leave the bloodstream and migrate into tissues, where they differentiate into macrophages. Macrophages express surface Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which recognize molecular patterns conserved through evolution in a wide range of microorganisms. TLRs play a central role in macrophage activation which is usually associated with gene expression alteration. Macrophages are critical in many diseases and have emerged as attractive targets for therapy. In the following protocol, we describe a procedure to isolate murine peritoneal macrophages using Brewer&#8217;s thioglycollate medium. The latter will boost monocyte migration into the peritoneum, accordingly this will raise macrophage yield by 10-fold. Several studies have been carried out using bone marrow, spleen or peritoneal derived macrophages. However, peritoneal macrophages were shown to be more mature upon isolation and are more stable in their functionality and phenotype. Thus, macrophages isolated from murine peritoneal cavity present an important cell population that can serve in different immunological and metabolic studies. Once isolated, macrophages were stimulated with different TLR ligands and consequently&#160;gene expression was evaluated.

We describe here a simple protocol to isolate murine peritoneal macrophages. This procedure is followed by RNA extraction to carry out gene expression analysis upon Toll-like receptors stimulation.

Isolamento di murini peritoneale macrofagi di effettuare analisi di espressione genica Al Toll-like recettori stimolazione

During infection and inflammation, circulating monocytes leave the bloodstream and migrate into tissues, where they differentiate into macrophages. ...

Isolation and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Immune Cells from the Ischemic Mouse Brain

Ischemic stroke initiates a robust inflammatory response that starts in the intravascular compartment and involves rapid activation of brain resident cells. A key mechanism of this inflammatory response is the migration of circulating immune cells to the ischemic brain facilitated by chemokine release and increased endothelial adhesion molecule expression. Brain-invading leukocytes are well-known contributing to early-stage secondary ischemic injury, but their significance for the termination of inflammation and later brain repair has only recently been noticed.
Here, a simple protocol for the efficient isolation of immune cells from the ischemic mouse brain is provided. After transcardial perfusion, brain hemispheres are dissected and mechanically dissociated. Enzymatic digestion with Liberase&#160;is followed by density gradient (such as Percoll) centrifugation to remove myelin and cell debris. One major advantage of this protocol is the single-layer density gradient procedure which does not require time-consuming preparation of gradients and can be reliably performed. The approach yields highly reproducible cell counts per brain hemisphere and allows for measuring several flow cytometry panels in one biological replicate. Phenotypic characterization and quantification of brain-invading leukocytes after experimental stroke may contribute to a better understanding of their multifaceted roles in ischemic injury and repair.

Inflammation plays a central role in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke. Increasing evidence suggests that it acts as a double-edged sword which exacerbates early brain injury, but also contributes to later repair. This protocol describes the isolation of immune cells from the ischemic brain and their subsequent flow cytometric phenotyping.

Isolamento e analisi citofluorimetrica delle cellule immunitarie dal cervello ischemica mouse

Ischemic stroke initiates a robust inflammatory response that starts in the intravascular compartment and involves rapid activation of brain resident ...

Isolation and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Glioma-infiltrating Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells

Our laboratory has recently demonstrated that natural killer (NK) cells are capable of eradicating orthotopically implanted mouse GL26 and rat CNS-1 malignant gliomas soon after intracranial engraftment if the cancer cells are rendered deficient in their expression of the &#946;-galactoside-binding lectin galectin-1 (gal-1). More recent work now shows that a population of Gr-1+/CD11b+ myeloid cells is critical to this effect. To better understand the mechanisms by which NK and myeloid cells cooperate to confer gal-1-deficient tumor rejection we have developed a comprehensive protocol for the isolation and analysis of glioma-infiltrating peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). The method is demonstrated here by comparing PBMC infiltration into the tumor microenvironment of gal-1-expressing GL26 gliomas with those rendered gal-1-deficient via shRNA knockdown. The protocol begins with a description of&#160;how to culture and prepare GL26 cells for inoculation into the syngeneic C57BL/6J mouse brain. It then explains the steps involved in the isolation and flow cytometric analysis of glioma-infiltrating PBMCs from the early brain tumor microenvironment. The method is adaptable to a number of in vivo experimental designs in which temporal data on immune infiltration into the brain is required. The method is sensitive and highly reproducible, as glioma-infiltrating PBMCs can be isolated from intracranial tumors as soon as 24 hr post-tumor engraftment with similar cell counts observed from time point matched tumors throughout independent experiments. A single experimentalist can perform the method from brain harvesting to flow cytometric analysis of glioma-infiltrating PBMCs in roughly 4-6 hr depending on the number of samples to be analyzed. Alternative glioma models and/or cell-specific detection antibodies may also be used at the experimentalists&#8217; discretion to assess the infiltration of several other immune cell types of interest without the need for alterations to the overall procedure.

Presented here is a straightforward method for the isolation and flow cytometric analysis of glioma-infiltrating peripheral blood mononuclear cells that yields time-dependent quantitative data on the number and activation status of immune cells entering the early brain tumor microenvironment.

Isolamento e analisi citofluorimetrica di-Glioma infiltrazione sangue periferico mononucleari Cellule

Our laboratory has recently demonstrated that natural killer (NK) cells are capable of eradicating orthotopically implanted mouse GL26 and rat CNS-1 ...

Isolation, Characterization and Functional Examination of the Gingival Immune Cell Network

Immune cell networks in tissues play a vital role in mediating local immunity and maintaining tissue homeostasis, yet little is known of the resident immune cell populations in the oral mucosa and gingiva. We have established a technique for the isolation and study of immune cells from murine gingival tissues, an area of constant microbial exposure and a vulnerable site to a common inflammatory disease, periodontitis. Our protocol allows for a detailed phenotypic characterization of the immune cell populations resident in the gingiva, even at steady state. Our procedure also yields sufficient cells with high viability for use in functional studies, such as the assessment of cytokine secretion ex vivo. This combination of phenotypic and functional characterization of the gingival immune cell network should aid towards investigating the mechanisms involved in oral immunity and periodontal homeostasis, but will also advance our understanding of the mechanisms involved in local immunopathology.

We have established a technique for the isolation, phenotypic characterization and functional analysis of immune cells from murine gingiva.

Isolamento, caratterizzazione e esame funzionale della cella di rete gengivale immunitario

Immune cell networks in tissues play a vital role in mediating local immunity and maintaining tissue homeostasis, yet little is known of the resident ...

Isolation and Activation of Murine Lymphocytes

B and T cells, with their extremely diverse antigen-receptor repertoires, have the ability to mount specific immune responses against almost any invading pathogen1,2. Understandably, such intricate abilities are controlled by a large number of molecules involved in various cellular processes to ensure timely and spatially regulated immune responses3. Here, we describe experimental procedures that allow rapid isolation of highly purified murine lymphocytes using magnetic cell sorting technology. The resulting purified lymphocytes can then be subjected to various in vitro or in vivo functional assays, such as the determination of lymphocyte signaling capacity upon stimulation by immunoblotting4 and the investigation of proliferative abilities by 3H-thymidine incorporation or carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE) labeling5-7. In addition to comparing the functional capacities of control and genetically modified lymphocytes, we can also determine the T cell stimulatory capacity of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in vivo, as shown in our representative results using transplanted CFSE-labeled OT-I T cells.

Lymphocytes are the major players in adaptive immune responses. Here, we present a lymphocyte purification protocol to determine the physiological functions of the desired molecules in lymphocyte activation in vitro and in vivo. The described experimental procedures are suitable for comparing functional capacities between control and genetically modified lymphocytes.

L&#39;isolamento e l&#39;attivazione di linfociti murini

B and T cells, with their extremely diverse antigen-receptor repertoires, have the ability to mount specific immune responses against almost any invading ...

Isolation and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Human Endocervical Gamma Delta T Cells

The female reproductive tract (FRT) mucosal immune system serves as the first line of defense. Better knowledge of the genital mucosa is therefore essential for understanding pathogenicity of different pathogens including HIV. Gamma delta (GD) T cells are the prototype of &#39;unconventional&#39; T cells and represent a relatively small subset of T cells defined by their expression of heterodimeric T-cell receptors (TCRs) composed of gamma and delta chains. This sets them apart from the classical and much better known CD4+ helper T cells and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells that are defined by alpha-beta TCRs. GD T cells often show tissue-specific localization and are enriched in epithelium. GD T cells orchestrate immune responses in inflammation, tumor surveillance, infectious disease, and autoimmunity.
Here, we present a method to reproducibly isolate and analyze human endocervical intraepithelial GD T lymphocytes. We have used endocervical cytobrush samples from women participating in the Women&#39;s Interagency HIV Infection Study (WIHS). Knowledge about GD T cells interactions during conditions in which there is an insult to the vaginal mucosal could be applied to any clinical study in which mucosal vulnerability is addressed, including the development of vaginal microbicides.In addition, knowledge about mucosal GD T cell responses has potential for application of GD T cell-based immune therapy in treating infectious diseases.

We describe here an isolation method to obtain human endocervical intraepithelial lymphocytes for the analysis of intraepithelial gamma delta T cells. This protocol can be extended for the purification of endocervical gamma delta T cells by magnetic beads or by cell sorting.

L&#39;isolamento e la citometria a flusso Analisi di Human endocervicale Gamma Delta T Cells

The female reproductive tract (FRT) mucosal immune system serves as the first line of defense. Better knowledge of the genital mucosa is therefore ...

Digestion of the Murine Liver for a Flow Cytometric Analysis of Lymphatic Endothelial Cells

Within the liver, lymphatic vessels are found within the portal triad, and their described function is to remove interstitial fluid from the liver to the lymph nodes where cellular debris and antigens can be surveyed. We are very interested in understanding how the lymphatic vasculature might be involved in inflammation and immune cell function within the liver. However, very little has been published establishing digestion protocols for the isolation of lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) from the liver or specific markers that can be used to evaluate liver LECs on a per cell basis. Therefore, we optimized a method for the digestion and staining of the liver in order to evaluate the LEC population in the liver. We are confident that the method outlined here will be useful for the identification and isolation of LECs from the liver and will strengthen our understanding of how LECs respond to the liver microenvironment.

The goal of this protocol is to identify lymphatic endothelial cell populations within the liver using described markers. We utilize collagenase IV and DNase and a gentle mincing of tissue, combined with flow cytometry, to identify a distinct population of lymphatic endothelial cells.

Digestione del fegato murino per un'analisi citofluorimetrica delle cellule endoteliali linfatiche

Within the liver, lymphatic vessels are found within the portal triad, and their described function is to remove interstitial fluid from the liver to the ...