We would like to acknowledge the funding contributions of the Canadian Surgical Research Fund, the Edmonton Civic Employees Research Assistance Fund, and the Alberta IBD Consortium through a grant from Alberta Innovates.

Protocolos de uso de los animales fueron aprobados por el Cuidado de Animales y el empleo Comisión de Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad de Alberta. 1. Preparación de Instrumentos, Animales y Configuración Operativo <ol><li> Transferencia de los animales a una nueva, ausente jaula limpia de todos los alimentos sólidos 24 h antes del procedimiento. Ellos pueden tener libre acceso al agua, y el líquido dieta ad libitum hasta el momento del procedimiento. </li><li> Autoclave todos los instrumentos necesarios para el procedimiento. Superficie de operación Limpie y cono de la nariz anestesia con etanol al 70%. </li><li> Configurar la superficie de funcionamiento con el microscopio operativo, máquina de anestesia y materiales de construcción de una manera que sea cómoda para el cirujano. Los codos del cirujano se debe permitir que descansar cómodamente en la mesa de operaciones, con las manos y los brazos sin obstáculos por equipos. Instrumentos, suturas, hisopos de algodón, y una jeringa de 10 ml se deben colocar en un lugar que permite un fácil acceso durante el procedimiento. </li><li> Prepararlámparas de calor de arriba para proporcionar tanto calor para el animal durante el procedimiento y de la luz para la superficie de funcionamiento. </li><li> Llenar un tubo cónico de 50 ml con 0.9% de solución salina, y un tubo de 1,5 ml con vaselina y el lugar cerca de la superficie de funcionamiento. NOTA: Esterilizar todos los instrumentos y suministros quirúrgicos. Debido a que el intestino se secciona, el procedimiento en sí no es estéril. Se considera limpia-contaminada. Tome medidas para evitar la introducción de fuentes exógenas de la infección. </li></ol> 2. La resección ileocólica con anastomosis <ol><li> Inducir la anestesia mediante la administración de 4% de isoflurano con una tasa de flujo de oxígeno de 2 L / min a través de cono de la nariz desde el vaporizador de isoflurano hasta que la tasa respiratoria animales se desacelera a aproximadamente 30-40 respiraciones / min. Aplique una presión moderada a la pata trasera del ratón para asegurar que no haya respuesta de dolor antes de iniciar el procedimiento. En este punto, baje isoflurano al 2% y el flujo de oxígeno a 0,5 L / min. De forma intermitentecomprobar la respuesta al dolor durante el procedimiento y ajustar la velocidad de flujo de isoflurano en consecuencia. </li><li> Aplique vaselina en los ojos para evitar que se seque durante la cirugía, e inmovilizar el ratón en la posición supina con las extremidades garantizados utilizando cinta adhesiva transparente. </li><li> Limpie el abdomen con solución povodine / yodo, y el cambio en los nuevos guantes estériles. </li><li> Hacer una incisión en la piel de 1,5 cm en la línea media superior del abdomen utilizando punta afilada disección tijeras para exponer la fascia y el peritoneo. Abra la capa fascial / peritoneal de una manera similar a través de la línea alba para exponer los contenidos peritoneales. </li><li> En contraste con los seres humanos, el ciego ratón se encuentra típicamente en el cuadrante superior izquierdo del abdomen. Una vez identificado, agarre suavemente el ciego con fórceps y entregarlo a través de la incisión. Use hisopos de algodón humedecidos en abanico de aproximadamente 3 cm de íleon terminal que se extiende desde el ciego sobre una gasa estéril cubierto en la superficie abdominal (Figura 1A).Asegúrese de que el intestino expuesto se mantiene húmedo con 0,9% de solución salina durante la totalidad del procedimiento. </li><li> Identificar la arteria ileocecal ramificación de la arteria mesentérica superior lo largo del colon (Figura 1A) usando el microscopio operativo. Diseccionar los tejidos avasculares adyacentes a la arteria ileocecal, rodear y se liga la arteria con un lazo de seda 5-0. A continuación, localice el suministro de sangre regional para el íleon terminal y elegir un punto transección 1,5-2 cm proximal a la unión ileocecal. Ligar las ramas a esta sección de íleon como anteriormente. Divida las arterias con micro tijeras de disección. </li><li> Divida las porciones isquémicas del íleon y colon asegurándose de que hay suficiente suministro de sangre a los extremos seccionados (Figura 1B). A menudo es útil para espatuladas el íleon dividiéndolo en un ángulo de 30 grados para aumentar el diámetro de la luz por lo que es más compatible con el colon. Una vez que la porción ileocecal del intestino se ha eliminado, alinee elestán alineados extremos seccionados del íleon y colon en la gasa, asegurando las fronteras mesentéricas de cada uno. </li><li> Construir la anastomosis mediante la aproximación final seccionado de íleon hasta el final seccionado de colon usando interrumpido 8-0 suturas de polipropileno (Figura 1C). El primer punto se coloca en el borde mesentérico, con suturas posteriores colocan cada 0.5 mm hasta que la anastomosis ileocólica es hermético. Al pasar la aguja de sutura a través del íleon y colon, asegúrese de que el borde de corte no se enrolla, y picaduras de agujas son de 0,5 mm de los bordes cortados del intestino. Una anastomosis típica requerirá de 14 a 16 suturas interrumpidas. Prueba de la integridad y la permeabilidad de la anastomosis al finalizar haciendo rodar una proximal a distal hisopo de algodón sobre el íleon para forzar los contenidos a través de la anastomosis. El contenido del intestino pequeños deben pasar libremente hacia el colon sin dehiscencia de la anastomosis. </li><li> Enjuague el intestino expuesto con 3.4 ml de solución salina al 0,9% de la jeringa de 10 mlpara lavar las heces de la superficie del intestino, del intestino y entregar de nuevo en la cavidad peritoneal. El uso de 2 ml de solución salina al 0,9% a enjuagar la cavidad peritoneal, y luego drenar este líquido mediante la aplicación de presión suave en la pared abdominal lateral. </li><li> Cierre la incisión con una sutura continua de seda 3-0, y suspender el flujo de isoflurano. Administrar 0,1 mg / kg del opiáceo de acción prolongada -buprenorphine- por vía subcutánea para el control del dolor post-operatorio. </li><li> Observe los animales bajo la lámpara de calor hasta que son móviles a continuación, transferirlos a una jaula continuamente calentado. </li></ol> 3. Cuidado post-operatorio y Monitoreo <ol><li> Observar a los animales en una jaula continuamente calentado para signos de sufrimiento para el resto del día. Transfiera los animales de vuelta al centro de cuidado de los animales en una nueva jaula estéril con el acceso a la dieta líquida y agua ad lib. Los animales pueden ser alojados en grupos de 3-4. </li><li> Lleve a cabo un control de los animales después de la operación a la mañana siguiente,aseguran que los animales no aparecen en la angustia. Alimente sólo dieta líquida. Si aparecen incómodo (es decir, postura encorvada o actividad mínima) administrar una dosis adicional de buprenorfina subcutánea. Compruebe en los animales una vez más por la tarde en el día después de la operación 1. </li><li> En la mañana del día después de la operación 2 los animales deben aparecer totalmente recuperado. Evidencia de consumo de alimentos y las deposiciones son signos positivos de recuperación. Ahora, reanudar una dieta de pienso sólido para los animales. NOTA: Los signos de angustia incluyen postura encorvada, la mala preparación, y la actividad mínima. Si los signos de angustia son prominentes los animales deben ser sacrificados. </li><li> La eutanasia a los animales mediante la inducción de la anestesia profunda con 4% de isoflurano a una tasa de flujo de O 2 de 2 L / min hasta que los animales no responden a la presión del pie. Realizar dislocación cervical, y observar si hay signos de eutanasia adecuado. </li><li> Directrices varían, por lo que se refiere a las recomendaciones de las instituciones con respecto a las indicacionesy de métodos apropiados de eutanasia en ratones. </li></ol>

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The authors have nothing to disclose

El ICR murino es un modelo de gran alcance que se puede utilizar para estudiar los efectos de la cirugía en enfermedades intestinales. En este artículo se describe un método para realizar ICR en ratones con una tasa de éxito del 95% y no hay problemas con la falta de crecimiento que se refleja en los pesos estables hasta 28 días después del procedimiento. Los desafíos más importantes para el éxito de ICR incluyen evitar obstrucciones intestinales en la anastomosis y fugas anastomóticas. <p class="jove_cont...

Ileocolic resection (ICR) is a common procedure performed in both emergent and elective situations for a variety of illnesses. Crohn&#8217;s disease and colon cancers are the two most common indications for ICR. In both illnesses, recurrence in the bowel at the site of surgery represents a major clinical problem. Local recurrence rates for colon cancer remain an issue even with the most aggressive resections1. Following ICR in Crohn&#8217;s disease, the disease most frequently (in up to 80%) recurs in the neo-terminal ileum at 1 year after surgery2. Given the impact of these two illnesses and their recurrence after surgery, it is important to understand local intestinal factors after ICR, which may have intrinsic influences on the natural history of these diseases. Further, it is also important to consider anastomotic healing after ICR. In the early post-operative period, anastomotic leaks can have devastating consequences for patients resulting in repeat surgeries, stoma creations, significant morbidity, and even mortality3. Despite the importance of this topic, our current understanding of anastomotic healing remains in its infancy as a subject of research. Animal models of ICR, in particular mice, are an excellent platform for studying the intestinal and anastomotic healing following surgery.
A mouse model of ICR was initially developed by Helmrath et al. to be used as a model of short gut syndrome4. The authors experimented with various diet regiments and suture sizes to optimize animal survival following ICR. They concluded that feeding with liquid diet in the perioperative period and using 9-0 monofilament sutures resulted in an optimal post-operative survival of 88%. Since this initial publication, ICR in mice removing 50% of the small bowel has been used in several studies to explore the dynamics of massive small bowel resection and the adaptive growth response in attempt to develop new therapies for short gut syndrome5,6.
The first application of the ICR mouse model to Crohn&#8217;s disease used the IL-10-/- mouse model, which spontaneously develops colitis7. The authors found that after ICR these animals developed inflammation in the neo-terminal ileum similar to that seen in post-operative Crohn&#8217;s disease patients, and that this inflammation was dependent on the presence of bacteria7. More recently, this model was used to explore bacterial changes induced by ICR. In Crohn&#8217;s disease there is an associated dysbiosis with relative decreases in bacteria known to have anti-inflammatory properties and increases in invasive species of bacteria8,9. The association holds true in cases of post-operative recurrence10. Two studies sought to identify microbial changes resulting from ICR. The first used IL-10 null mice, and performed denaturing gel electrophoresis to compare bacterial similarity between the small bowel and colon after ICR11. This study demonstrated that bacterial populations became similar in the small intestine and colon following ICR. A subsequent study used wild type mice and 16s pyrosequencing for phylogenetic classification of bacterial species post-operatively. This study demonstrated a marked shift in bacterial species resulting from surgery alone with Clostridium species becoming dominant as well as an increase in &#978;-proteobacteria. The results also confirmed the findings of the previous study with similar populations found in the small bowel and colon after ICR12. 
ICR is a common procedure for patients with colon cancer involving the cecum and ascending colon, and it is becoming increasingly recognized that the host-response to surgery likely contributes to both local and distant tumor recurrence13. Despite this observation, models of ICR have not been utilized for the study of colorectal cancer and post-operative recurrence. Understanding both the systemic and local immunologic changes resulting from ICR will be important in investigating future therapies. Potential pathways involved in cancer recurrence post ICR include up regulation of growth factors, which may rescue cells from apoptosis and stimulate proliferation, mechanical tumor disruption with cell shedding, and loss of immune surveillance through post-operative immunosuppression13,14. 
Mouse models of ICR have the potential to be a powerful tool for the investigation of short bowel syndrome, Crohn&#8217;s disease, and colon cancer. They may also provide lessons on how to prevent early post-operative anastomotic complications by further defining the cellular and biochemical pathways involved in healing the newly constructed anastomosis. A major barrier in utilizing the murine ICR model is the technical difficulty. The intestinal anastomosis requires the use of 8-0 or 9-0 suture, an operating microscope, and training in microsurgical techniques. The goal of this article is to provide clear instructions on how to perform ICR in mice with the goal of utilizing this procedure in models of disease.

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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">LD101 liquid rodent diet</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Glass plate</td>
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			<td>For operating surface</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Cotton swabs</td>
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			<td>World Precision Instruments</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Castroviejo straight scissors</td>
			<td>World Precision Instruments</td>
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			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">5-0 silk pre-cut sutures</td>
			<td>Ethicon</td>
			<td>A182H</td>
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			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">8-0 Prolene on BV130-5 needle</td>
			<td>Ethicon</td>
			<td>8732H</td>
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			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">3-0 Silk on FS-2 needls</td>
			<td>Ethicon</td>
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			<td>Vaseline</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">10 ml syringe</td>
			<td>BD biosciences</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Povidone-iodine 7.5% surgical Scrub</td>
			<td><a href="http://betadine.com">betadine.com</a></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Heat lamps</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">buprenorphine 0.3 mg/ml</td>
			<td>Reckitt Benckiser Healthcare Ltd.&#160;</td>
			<td>PL36699/0006</td>
			<td></td>
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murine ileocolic bowel resection with primary anastomosis

Intestinal resections are frequently required for treatment of diseases involving the gastrointestinal tract, with Crohn&#8217;s disease and colon cancer being two common examples. Despite the frequency of these procedures, a significant knowledge gap remains in describing the inherent effects of intestinal resection on host physiology and disease pathophysiology. This article provides detailed instructions for an ileocolic resection with primary end-to-end anastomosis in mice, as well as essential aspects of peri-operative care to maximize post-operative success. When followed closely, this procedure yields a 95% long-term survival rate, no failure to thrive, and minimizes post-operative complications of bowel obstruction and anastomotic leak. The technical challenges of performing the procedure in mice are a barrier to its wide spread use in research. The skills described in this article can be acquired without previous surgical experience. Once mastered, the murine ileocolic resection procedure will provide a reproducible tool for studying the effects of intestinal resection in models of human disease.

Las tasas de mortalidad y el cambio de peso después de la operación. Las tasas de mortalidad siguientes ICR en 129S1 ratones de tipo salvaje son generalmente ~ 5%. La causa más común de la moral es la obstrucción intestinal en la anastomosis. Otras causas de la mortalidad incluyen fuga anastomótica y hernia interna que conduce a la obstrucción intestinal. La pérdida de peso se puede ver hasta 14 días después de la operación, pero generalmente no es significativa. L...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Murine Ileocolic Bowel Resection with Primary Anastomosis at JoVE.com

Murine Ileocolic Bowel Resection with Primary Anastomosis

Ileocolic resection is commonly performed in several human diseases; however, little is known regarding the impact of intestinal resection on surgical illnesses. This article provides instruction on executing the procedure in mice with high success, providing a means to study the effects of ileocolic resection in models of disease.

Murino ileocólica Resección intestinal con anastomosis primaria

Intestinal resections are frequently required for treatment of diseases involving the gastrointestinal tract, with Crohn&#8217;s disease and colon cancer ...

murine-ileocolic-bowel-resection-with-primary-anastomosis

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

16.2K vistas.  University of Alberta. Ileocolic resection is commonly performed in several human diseases; however, little is known regarding the impact of intestinal resection on surgical illnesses. This article provides instruction on executing the procedure in mice with high success, providing a means to study the effects of ileocolic resection in models of disease.

Video: Murine Ileocolic Bowel Resection with Primary Anastomosis

The C-seal: A Biofragmentable Drain Protecting the Stapled Colorectal Anastomosis from Leakage

Colorectal anastomotic leakage (AL) is a serious complication in colorectal surgery leading to high morbidity and mortality rates1. The incidence of AL varies between 2.5 and 20% 2-5. Over the years, many strategies aimed at lowering the incidence of anastomotic leakage have been examined6, 7. 
The cause of AL is probably multifactorial. Etiological factors include insufficient arterial blood supply, tension on the anastomosis, hematoma and/or infection at the anastomotic site, and co-morbid factors of the patient as diabetes and atherosclerosis8. Furthermore, some anastomoses may be insufficient from the start due to technical failure.
Currently a new device is developed in our institute aimed at protecting the colorectal anastomosis and lowering the incidence of AL. This so called C-seal is a biofragmentable drain, which is stapled to the anastomosis with the circular stapler. It covers the luminal side of the colorectal anastomosis thereby preventing leakage.
The C-seal is a thin-walled tube-like drain, with an approximate diameter of 4 cm and an approximate length of 25 cm (figure 1). It is a tubular device composed of biodegradable polyurethane. Two flaps with adhesive tape are found at one end of the tube. These flaps are used to attach the C-seal to the anvil of the circular stapler, so that after the anastomosis is made the C-seal can be pulled through the anus. The C-seal remains in situ for at least 10 days. Thereafter it will lose strength and will degrade to be secreted from the body together with the gastrointestinal natural contents.
The C-seal does not prevent the formation of dehiscences. However, it prevents extravasation of faeces into the peritoneal cavity. This means that a gap at the anastomotic site does not lead to leakage.
Currently, a phase II study testing the C-seal in 35 patients undergoing (colo-)rectal resection with stapled anastomosis is recruiting. The C-seal can be used in both open procedures as well as laparoscopic procedures. The C-seal is only applied in stapled anastomoses within 15cm from the anal verge. In the video, application of the C-seal is shown in an open extended sigmoid resection in a patient suffering from diverticular disease with a stenotic colon.

The C-seal is a biofragmentable drain protecting the stapled colorectal anastomosis. In this video, details of the manufacturing, deployment and use are shown.

El C-sello: Un drenaje Biofragmentable protección de la anastomosis colorrectal grapada de fuga

Colorectal anastomotic leakage (AL) is a serious complication in colorectal surgery leading to high morbidity and mortality rates1. The incidence of AL ...

Investigación

Medicina

Orthotopic Small Bowel Transplantation in Rats

Small bowel transplantation has become an accepted clinical option for patients with short gut syndrome and failure of parenteral nutrition (irreversible intestinal failure). In specialized centers improved operative and managing strategies have led to excellent short- and intermediate term patient and graft survival while providing high quality of life 1,3. Unlike in the more common transplantation of other solid organs (i.e. heart, liver) many underlying mechanisms of graft function and immunologic alterations induced by intestinal transplantation are not entirely known6,7. Episodes of acute rejection, sepsis and chronic graft failure are the main obstacles still contributing to less favorable long term outcome and hindering a more widespread employment of the procedure despite a growing number of patients on home parenteral nutrition who would potentially benefit from such a transplant. The small intestine contains a large number of passenger leucocytes commonly referred to as part of the gut associated lymphoid system (GALT) this being part of the reason for the high immunogenity of the intestinal graft. The presence and close proximity of many commensals and pathogens in the gut explains the severity of sepsis episodes once graft mucosal integrity is compromised (for example by rejection). To advance the field of intestinal- and multiorgan transplantation more data generated from reliable and feasible animal models is needed. The model provided herein combines both reliability and feasibility once established in a standardized manner and can provide valuable insight in the underlying complex molecular, cellular and functional mechanisms that are triggered by intestinal transplantation. We have successfully used and refined the described procedure over more than 5 years in our laboratory 8-11. The JoVE video-based format is especially useful to demonstrate the complex procedure and avoid initial pitfalls for groups planning to establish an orthotopic rodent model investigating intestinal transplantation.

Small bowel transplantation has become an accepted treatment option for patients with irreversible intestinal failure. Our experimental model of orthotopic small bowel transplantation in rats serves as a reliable tool to address underlying immunologic and inflammatory processes that complicate intestinal transplantation.

El trasplante ortotópico de intestino delgado en ratas

Small  bowel transplantation has become an accepted clinical option for patients with  short gut syndrome and failure of parenteral nutrition ...

Application of End-to-end Anastomosis in Robotic Central Pancreatectomy

Central pancreatectomy is carried out for the treatment of benign or low-malignant potential tumors located in the pancreatic neck or proximal part of pancreatic body. With technological development, the robotic surgical system has shown its advantage in minimally invasive surgery and been increasingly applied in central pancreatectomy. However, reconstruction of the continuity of pancreas with end-to-end anastomosis after robotic central pancreatectomy has not been applied. In this study, we report surgical techniques for robotic central pancreatectomy with end-to-end anastomosis. The pancreas is reconstructed by duct-to-duct anastomosis of the pancreatic duct with a pancreatic stent inserted in the two stumps of pancreatic duct, and by end-to-end anastomosis of the pancreatic parenchyma. Compared with traditional central pancreatectomy with pancreaticoenteric anastomosis, this approach decreases the operative injury to the patient, and also conserves the integrity and continuity of the digestive duct and pancreatic duct. The robotic surgical system integrated with multiple instruments with flexible and precise movement is particularly suitable for the dissection and reconstruction of the pancreatic duct. We found that robotic central pancreatectomy with end-to-end anastomosis is safe and feasible, and we need more experience to evaluate its best indications and long-term outcomes.

The robotic central pancreatectomy with end-to-end anastomosis is feasible and safe for tumor in the pancreatic neck and proximal portion of pancreatic body. The operative techniques of this operation are presented.

Aplicación de End-to-end Anastomosis en robótica Pancreatectomía Central

Central pancreatectomy is carried out for the treatment of benign or low-malignant potential tumors located in the pancreatic neck or proximal part of ...

Endoscopic Septoplasty with Limited Two-line Resection: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Septal Deviation

Endoscopic septoplasty is a surgical procedure in otolaryngology that is commonly performed to treat nasal airway obstruction caused by nasal septal deviation. It has a long history with multiple variations. In this article, a modified endoscopic septoplasty procedure using the limited two-line resection (2LoRs) technique at the posterior and inferior junction of the cartilaginous and bony septum is presented based on embryologic and anatomic knowledge of the nasal septum and the biomechanics of cartilaginous behavior. With this procedure, the quadrangular cartilage can be preserved as much as possible, which is helpful in retaining the supporting framework and rigidness of the septum. 2LoRs has been proven effective and sound for the correction of nasal septal deviation with rare complications. This modified procedure can be applied to correct the deviated nasal septum in the absence of any external nasal deformity to improve nasal patency or to improve access to the middle meatus or to the axillary region of the middle turbinate. It may also be used to expand the indications of septoplasty to children and adolescents because of its minimally invasive approach.

Endoscopic septoplasty is a time-honored surgical procedure with multiple variations. This paper focuses on a step-by-step surgical approach to perform a modified septoplasty procedure known as limited two-line resection. This surgical technique can be applied to correct a deviated nasal septum in the absence of an external nasal deformity.

Septoplastia endoscópica con la resección limitada de dos líneas: cirugía mínimamente invasiva para la desviación Septal

Endoscopic septoplasty is a surgical procedure in otolaryngology that is commonly performed to treat nasal airway obstruction caused by nasal septal ...

Vessel-sparing Excision and Primary Anastomosis

Urethroplasty is considered to be the standard treatment for urethral strictures since it provides excellent long-term success rates. For isolated short bulbar or posterior urethral strictures, urethroplasty by excision and primary anastomosis (EPA) is recommended. As EPA only requires the excision of the narrowed segment and the surrounding spongiofibrosis, a full-thickness transection of the corpus spongiosum, as performed in the traditional transecting EPA (tEPA), is usually unnecessary. Jordan et al. introduced the idea of a vessel-sparing approach in 2007, aiming to reduce surgical trauma, especially to the dual arterial blood supply of the urethra, and, thus, potentially reducing the risk of postoperative erectile dysfunction or glans ischemia. This approach could also be beneficial for subsequent urethral interventions such as redo urethroplasty using a free graft, in which a well-vascularized graft bed is imperative. Nevertheless, these potential benefits are only assumptions as prospective studies comparing the functional outcome of both techniques with validated questionnaires are currently lacking. Moreover, vessel-sparing EPA (vsEPA) should at least be able to provide similar surgical outcomes as tEPA. The aim of this paper is to give an elaborate, step-by-step overview of how to manage patients with isolated short bulbar or posterior urethral strictures with vsEPA. The main objective of this manuscript is to outline the surgical technique and to report the representative surgical outcome. A total of 117 patients were managed according to the described protocol. The analysis was performed on the entire patient cohort and on the bulbar (n = 91) and posterior (n = 26) vsEPA group separately. Success rates were 93.4% and 88.5% for the bulbar and posterior vsEPA, respectively. To conclude, vsEPA, as outlined in the protocol, provides excellent success rates with low complication rates for isolated short bulbar and posterior urethral strictures.

Here, we present an elaborate and efficient protocol to treat isolated short bulbar or posterior urethral strictures with vessel-sparing excision and primary anastomosis.

La supresión conservadora de vasos y Anastomosis primaria

Urethroplasty is considered to be the standard treatment for urethral strictures since it provides excellent long-term success rates. For isolated short ...

Creation of Colonic Anastomosis in Mice

Intestinal anastomoses are commonly performed in both elective and emergent operations. Even so, anastomotic leaks are a highly feared complications of colonic surgeries and can occur in up to 26% of surgical anastomoses, with mortality being up to 39% for patients with such a leak. Currently, there remains a paucity of data detailing the cellular mechanisms of anastomotic healing. Devising preventative strategies and treatment modalities for anastomotic leak could be greatly potentiated by a better understanding of appropriate anastomotic healing.
A murine model is ideal as previous studies have shown that the murine anastomosis is the most clinically similar to the human case as compared with other animal models. We offer an easily reproducible murine model of colonic anastomosis in mice that will allow for further illustration of anastomotic healing.

Anastomotic leak or breakdown after surgery is a major cause of postoperative morbidity and mortality. Our surgery for creating a colonic anastomosis is a reliable and reproducible method for studying the healing mechanisms of anastomoses.

Creación de Anastomosis de colon en ratones

Intestinal anastomoses are commonly performed in both elective and emergent operations. Even so, anastomotic leaks are a highly feared complications of ...

One-anastomosis Gastric Bypass (OAGB) in Rats

The goal of this protocol is to set up a preclinical model of bariatric surgery and, more specifically, OAGB in obese rats. Based on this preclinical model, longitudinal studies can be carried out to provide an improved understanding of the mechanisms underlying the outcomes seen after bariatric surgery in humans. For this purpose, rats are operated on through a laparotomy under general anesthesia with isoflurane. First, the surgeon creates a long and tubular gastric pouch: after greater curve and hiatal dissection, the nonglandular stomach is stapled and removed. Then, the remaining stomach is also stapled in order to create a gastric tube and exclude the antrum of the stomach. After that, the surgeon performs a single end-to-side gastrojejunostomy 35 cm from the duodenojejunal angle. This limb length has been chosen in order to reproduce the same ratio between the biliopancreatic limb (BPL) and common limb (CL) length as in human bariatric surgery. The operation ends by aponeurotic and cutaneous closure. The early postoperative management consists of subcutaneous hydration, an intramuscular prophylactic antibiotic injection, a parietal injection of xylocaine, the administration of painkillers, and a progressive reintroduction of diet.

One-anastomosis Gastric Bypass OAGB in Rats

This protocol is for the performance of one-anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) on rat. The operator performs a long and tubular-stapled gastric pouch followed by hand-sewn anastomosis. For this model, the operator reproduces the same ratio between biliopancreatic and common limb in humans; therefore, the biliopancreatic limb measures 35 cm.

Bypass gástrico de una anastomosis (OAGB) en ratas

The goal of this protocol is to set up a preclinical model of bariatric surgery and, more specifically, OAGB in obese rats. Based on this preclinical ...

Studying Murine Small Bowel Mechanosensing of Luminal Particulates

Gastrointestinal (GI) motility is critical for normal digestion and absorption. In the small bowel, which absorbs nutrients, motility optimizes digestion and absorption. For this reason, some of the motility patterns in the small bowel include segmentation for mixing of luminal contents and peristalsis for their propulsion. Physical properties of luminal contents modulate the patterns of small bowel motility. The mechanical stimulation of GI mechanosensory circuits by transiting luminal contents and underlying gut motility initiate and modulate complex GI motor patterns. Yet, the mechanosensory mechanisms that drive this process remain poorly understood. This is primarily due to a lack of tools to dissect how the small bowel handles materials of different physical properties. To study how the small bowel handles particulates of varying sizes, we have modified an established in vivo method to determine small bowel transit. We gavage live mice with fluorescent liquid or tiny fluorescent beads. After 30 minutes, we dissect out the bowels to image the distribution of fluorescent contents across the entirety of the GI tract. In addition to high-resolution measurements of the geometric center, we use variable size binning and spectral analysis to determine how different materials affect small bowel transit. We have explored how a recently discovered "gut touch" mechanism affects small bowel motility using this approach.

To study how the small bowel handles particulates of varying sizes, we have modified an established in vivo method to determine small bowel transit.

Estudio de la mecanodetección murina del intestino delgado de partículas luminales

Gastrointestinal (GI) motility is critical for normal digestion and absorption. In the small bowel, which absorbs nutrients, motility optimizes digestion ...

Modified Posterior Vertebral Column Resection for Patients with Thoracolumbar Kyphotic Deformity

Old compression vertebrae fracture or congenital kyphoscoliosis with abnormal vertebral body development and other diseases that invade the spine may cause severe thoracolumbar kyphotic deformity, often accompanied by intractable low back pain or compression of the spinal cord, leading to severe neurological symptoms or even paralysis. If conservative treatment cannot relieve the symptoms or correct the deformities, surgical treatment is usually needed. For severe kyphotic deformity, reconstruction of the physiological curvature and rigid fixation determine the prognosis of the patients. Osteotomy and orthopedics are the standard procedure for deformities with severe compression of the front and middle column, but the trauma to the patients is high, with a long operation time and massive blood loss. To avoid these disadvantages, we have developed a modified technique to remove the diseased vertebra unilaterally. In this technique, we use a modified trephine to resect the vertebral columns like in the pedicle screw technique by adding a locking instrument that can restrict the trephine to lower the risk of osteotomy and shorten the surgery time and blood loss.

We describe a modified technique for resecting the posterior vertebral column unilaterally based on a modified trephine for patients with thoracolumbar kyphotic deformity.

Resección modificada de la columna vertebral posterior para pacientes con deformidad cifótica toracolumbar

Old compression vertebrae fracture or congenital kyphoscoliosis with abnormal vertebral body development and other diseases that invade the spine may ...

Single-Anastomosis Duodeno-Ileal Bypass with Sleeve Gastrectomy Model in Mice

Obesity is a major health issue worldwide. As a response, bariatric surgeries have emerged to treat obesity and its related comorbidities (e.g., diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, cardiovascular events, and cancers) through restrictive and malabsorptive mechanisms. Understanding the mechanisms by which these procedures allow such improvements often require their transposition into animals, especially in mice, because of the ease of generating genetically modified animals. Recently, the single-anastomosis duodeno-ileal bypass with sleeve gastrectomy (SADI-S) has emerged as a procedure that uses both restrictive and malabsorptive effects, which is being used as an alternative to gastric bypass in case of major obesity. Thus far, this procedure has been associated with strong metabolic improvements, which has led to a marked increase in its use in daily clinical practice. However, the mechanisms underlying these metabolic effects have been poorly studied as a result of a lack of animal models. In this article, we present a reliable and reproducible model of SADI-S in mice, with a special focus on perioperative management. The description and use of this new rodent model will be helpful for the scientific community to better understand the molecular, metabolic, and structural changes induced by the SADI-S and to better define the surgical indications for clinical practice.

Single-anastomosis duodeno-ileal bypass (SADI-S) is an emerging bariatric procedure with important metabolic effects. In this article, we present a reliable and reproducible model of SADI-S in mice.

Bypass duodeno-ileal de anastomosis única con modelo de gastrectomía en manga en ratones

Obesity is a major health issue worldwide. As a response, bariatric surgeries have emerged to treat obesity and its related comorbidities (e.g., diabetes ...