Los procedimientos se realizan utilizando la prótesis de Zimmer Trabecular Metal Total de tobillo (Zimmer, Warsaw, IN).

Todos los métodos descritos han sido aprobados por la Junta de revisión institucional y el Comité de ética local y se han realizado conforme a las normas éticas establecidas en la declaración de Helsinki de 1964 y sus modificaciones posteriores.
1. preoperatoria evaluación radiográfica
<ol><li>Realizar las radiografías de tobillo y el pie con vistas al alineamiento antero-posterior, lateral y trasera (vista30) de Saltzman de soporte de peso.</li>
	<li>Realizar una tomografía computada convencional (CT) del tobillo y solicitar cualquier otros exámenes de diagnóstico (como la resonancia magnética), si es necesario, para mejor aclarar el diagnóstico.</li>
	<li>Medir los siguientes parámetros en las radiografías de peso preoperatorios.<ol>
<li>Medir el ángulo tibial distal anterior (ADTA, valor normal 83.0 ± 3,6 °) en la vista lateral del tobillo: medir el ángulo entre el eje anatómico de la tibia y la línea que une los puntos distales en el borde anterior y posterior de la tibia (superficie articular Figura 1) 30 , 31.</li>
		<li>Medir el ángulo tibial distal lateral (LDTA, valor normal 89.0 ± 3,0 °) en la vista de tobillo anteroposterior: medir el ángulo subtendido entre el eje anatómico de la tibia y la línea que une los puntos distales en el borde medial y lateral de la tibia articular superficial (figura 2)32,33,34.</li>
		<li>Medir la relación tibio-femorales talar (relación TT, valor normal 34,8 ± 3,8%): medir este parámetro en la vista lateral del tobillo, es el cociente entre la longitud talar longitudinal posterior (la longitud entre el borde posterior del talar y la intercepción de la anatómica eje tibial) y el vestido talar completo longitudinal (figura 1)33,35,36.</li>
		<li>Medir el ángulo superficie tibio-femorales talar (valor normal 89.0 ± 2,6 °) en la vista de tobillo anteroposterior: medir el ángulo entre el eje anatómico de la tibia y la línea que une el punto proximal en la medial y lateral talar superficie articular (figura 2 )37.</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>Usar la CT para evaluar el stock de hueso disponible y evaluar la severidad de la necrosis avascular del astrágalo, si está presente.</li>
</ol>2. quirúrgica técnica17
Nota: Este procedimiento se realiza bajo anestesia general o regional (anestesia raquídea).
<ol><li>Colocar al paciente en posición supina con una tabla rígida bajo la pierna para mantener el soporte de alineación. Coloque una almohadilla gruesa debajo de la cadera ipsilateral. No use un torniquete.</li>
	<li>Realice una incisión longitudinal con bisturí sobre el maléolo lateral que se curva bajo su punta hacia los tarsos del seno (figura 3). Diseccionar el peroné y la parte anterior de la tibia subperiosteally con el bisturí y el elevador perióstico para obtener una visión completa de los osteofitos y la articulación.</li>
	<li>Lanzamiento de la cápsula posterior de la tibia y el peroné con un elevador perióstico.</li>
	<li>Hacer una osteotomía del maléolo lateral oblicua con una sierra sagital: comienzan desde el borde posterior del peroné, 6-7 cm proximal a la línea común; extremo en el lado anterior del peroné, 2 cm proximal a la línea común. Gire el malleolus fibular distal y un 1,6 mm K-wire para fijar en el calcáneo.</li>
	<li>Eliminar los osteofitos anteriores con la hoja de sierra sagital y una pinza hasta que el tobillo se puede colocar fácilmente en una posición neutral. Nota: El lanzamiento de canal intermedio puede realizarse más adelante durante la preparación tibia.</li>
	<li>Medir el ancho de talar medio-lateral con calibrador del fabricante, elegir el tamaño más grande posible, evitando la proyección.</li>
	<li>Coloque la pierna en el soporte de alineación que se monta en el inicio del procedimiento.</li>
	<li>Internamente rotar el pie y el perno trans-calcáneo para fijarla a la placa base. Utilice el pasador de 4.0 mm para fijar el talo a la placa base: poner el pin tan distal como sea posible en el cuello talar, así facilita una mayor corrección de la inclinación talar.</li>
	<li>Verifique la alineación tibial con fluoroscopia mediante una barra que es paralela al eje tibial mecánico. Uso de la fluoroscopia con los siguientes parámetros: 55 kilovoltios, 3 mA-segundos.</li>
	<li>Inserte dos pernos de 5.0 mm en el borde medial de la tibia mientras un asistente empuja la tibia hacia delante si hay un desplazamiento talar sagital anterior. Para aumentar la rigidez de la construcción, una barra de fibra de carbono complementario puede colocarse en posición vertical.</li>
	<li>Verificar el nivel de la línea conjunta deseada con el puntero situado en el orificio de la '' posición '' de la guía de corte de tamaño seleccionado. Compruebe la cantidad de resección ósea con el puntero colocada en la '' talud '' y '' Tibia #1 '' agujero.</li>
	<li>Utilice el taladro de 4.0 mm a través de la guía de pre-corte pretaladrar el talud y las superficies de la tibia. Arme las rebabas de hueso en las piezas de mano neumáticas y poner el juicio talar contralateral del tamaño seleccionado entre las rebabas de hueso y la guía de corte para evaluar la profundidad intermedia del corte de hueso. A continuación, utilice la fresa de hueso para hacer los cortes de hueso definitivo a través de '' talud '' y del '' Tibia #1 '' de la guía. Utilice el orificio '' Tibia #2 '' para llegar al corte entera tibial del lado medial y osteofitos del canal intermedio</li>
	<li>Posición del riel guías de taladro. Utilizar fluoroscopia antero-posterior para comprobar que se colocan correctamente para evitar la proyección lateral. Perforar los carriles y colocar el implante provisional, luego elegir el tamaño del inserto.</li>
	<li>Inserte los implantes definitivos con el insertador de talar y tibial.</li>
	<li>Utilice fluoroscopia para comprobar la posición y dos o tres tornillos de 3,5 mm para fijar el peroné; como alternativa, utilizar una fijación de la placa del maléolo lateral, si la deformidad requiere un maleolar alargamiento o acortamiento no deja suficiente contacto para la fijación del tornillo.</li>
	<li>Comprobar la estabilidad del syndesmosis con una hookapplied ósea en el maléolo lateral. Tire el peroné lateralmente para evaluar cualquier inestabilidad residual tibiofibular. Si hay un movimiento lateral del maléolo lateral, estabilizar con una fijación del tornillo del syndesmosis en cuatro cortezas. Probar el rango de movimiento de tobillo.</li>
	<li>Reparación del ligamento talofibular anterior con sutura reabsorbible antes rutina de cierre de la herida.</li>
</ol>3. postoperatorio cuidado
<ol><li>Colocar la pierna en un molde y prohibir con pesas durante cuatro semanas. Entonces permita que carga con una bota walker por dos semanas.</li>
	<li>Permita que el becerro fortalecimiento, entrenamiento propioceptivo y estiramiento de lo tríceps surae seis semanas después de la cirugía.</li>
</ol>4. clínica y radiográfica
<ol><li>Radiológico y clínico evaluar a los pacientes en uno, dos, seis y doce meses después del procedimiento y, después, cada doce meses. El protocolo de seguimiento consiste en evaluación de función y dolor y SF-12, puntuación de dolor VAS, realizó tobillo y retropié puntuaciones recogidas en cada momento.</li>
	<li>Realizar examen radiográfico: solicitar carga las radiografías del tobillo y del pie con antero-posterior, lateral y vista de Saltzman en cada punto final.</li>
	<li>Medir los siguientes parámetros en las radiografías postoperatorias en cada punto final.<ol>
<li>Medir el ángulo alfa (α-ángulo) en la vista antero-posterior de tobillo: medir el ángulo formado lateralmente por el eje anatómico de la tibia y la superficie articular de la componente tibial (figura 4)38.</li>
		<li>Medir el ángulo beta (β-ángulo) en la vista lateral del tobillo: medir el ángulo subtendido anterior por el eje anatómico de la tibia y la superficie articular de la componente tibial (figura 5)18,38.</li>
		<li>Medir el ángulo gamma (γ-ángulo) en la vista lateral del tobillo: medir el ángulo entre una línea a través de la parte anterior y el borde posterior del componente talar y una línea a lo largo del centro del cuello talar (figura 5)39.</li>
		<li>Medir la relación tibio-femorales talar.</li>
		<li>Medir el ángulo superficie talar tibio-femorales.</li>
	</ol>
</li>
</ol>

Dr. Usuelli recibe subvenciones y gastos personales de Zimmer. Dr. D'Ambrosi, Dr. Maccario, Dr. Manzi y Dr. Indino no tienen nada que revelar.

Informaron los métodos y el protocolo que usaremos el TAR de desempeño con enfoque de transfibular lateral. Las contraindicaciones absolutas para el alquitrán son talar necrosis avascular que implican más del 50% de la infección ósea-acción, aguda o activa con o sin osteomielitis, síndrome diabético con polineuropatía, altos riesgos anesthesiologic, neuromusculares trastornos, enfermedad vascular periférica y neuroarthropathy (artropatía de Charcot del mediopié o retropié)19,</s...

La etiología más frecuente de la artrosis de tobillo es el origen post traumático. De hecho, a menudo es secundaria a lesiones traumáticas que afectan generalmente a pacientes jóvenes1,2. Artrosis de tobillo influyen en la calidad de vida del paciente en el mismo grado como artrosis de cadera y de rodilla artrosis3. Fusión de tobillo ha sido considerada el gold-standard para el tratamiento de la artrosis de tobillo, pero algunos estudios muestran que confiere tensión aumentada y mayor riesgo de osteoartritis de las articulaciones adyacentes4,5,6 ,7; Además, todavía existen una serie de complicaciones asociadas con la fusión de tobillo, como la equina o deformidad de pie y doloroso no8,9. Con la evolución de las técnicas quirúrgicas y los diseños de implante, reemplazo total de tobillo (alquitrán) se ha convertido en una excelente alternativa a la fusión del tobillo para un cirujano con una adecuada curva de aprendizaje10,11,12.
TAR permite la preservación del rango de tobillo de movimiento y protege contra la degeneración de la articulación adyacente13. El abordaje anterior permite una visualización óptima de la alineación coronal; al mismo tiempo, este enfoque se inclina por cicatrización complicaciones14,15. Recientemente, un nuevo implante TAR fue diseñado para realizarse vía el acercamiento lateral transfibular que resulta en una visualización ideal del centro de rotación y resecciones curvas que permiten ahorrar hueso cortes16; por otra parte, este enfoque permite la implantación de componentes de fuerzas perpendiculares a las trabéculas de hueso, lo que limita el corte a nivel de la interfaz hueso-implante del16. Esta prótesis consiste en un implante de rodamiento fijo; un sistema de coordenadas de alineación guías las resecciones óseas y facilita abordar ambas deformidades coronales y sagitales17. Los primeros resultados de la artroplastia de tobillo utilizando este implante de alquitrán han sido publican 12,16,17,18. El objetivo del presente trabajo es presentar nuestras preoperativas, operativas y postoperatorio protocolos para el tratamiento de la osteoartritis del tobillo con alquitrán vía el acercamiento lateral.
Selección de los pacientes comienza con una historia y un examen clínico cuidadoso. Una historia clínica de enfermedad inflamatoria vascular, neuropatía o enfermedades neurológicas y diabetes complicada puede modificar la indicación. Envolvente de pobres tejidos blandos del tobillo debe ser evaluado cuidadosamente porque puede comprometer la curación de la herida: piel y tejidos blandos subcutáneos pueden ya han sido comprometidos de una lesión o cirugía previa. Debe considerarse el uso de fármacos que pueden influir en la curación. Función del músculo y tendón, alineación tobillo y retropié y tobillo entre movimiento deben ser evaluados: un examen detallado puede indicar si son necesarios procedimientos accesorios en el momento de cirugía19.
Sugerimos siempre discutir las expectativas del paciente acerca de los resultados del procedimiento y la necesidad de cumplimiento de cuidados postoperatorios. TAR está indicado en pacientes con una enfermedad común del tobillo debido a la artritis postraumática, reumatoide o primaria no responde a opciones conservadoras que incluyen terapia física, modificación de la actividad y los antiinflamatorios no esteroideos19 . Además, la inestabilidad lateral del tobillo puede representar una causa de la degeneración de la articulación definida como ligamentosa de artrosis postraumática tobillo20. Además, osteoartritis secundaria puede asociarse con enfermedades sistémicas: la necrosis avascular del astrágalo, gota, hemofilia, artritis post-infecciosa y hemocromatosis hereditaria21,22,23, 24.
Durante la consulta preoperatoria, grabamos rutinariamente los resultados clínicos y funcionales siguientes: American Orthopaedic Foot & tobillo sociedad (realizó) tobillo y retropié puntuación25,26,27, 12-Item Short Formulario encuesta de salud27,28y analógica Visual escalan de puntaje de dolor (VAS)29.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="880">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:172px;">Zimmer Total Ankle</td>
			<td style="width:204px;">Zimmer, Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">82-0175-162-00</td>
			<td style="width:327px;">Total Ankle Replacement</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:172px;">Calcaneus pin</td>
			<td style="width:204px;">Zimmer, Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">00-4501-040-00</td>
			<td>Trans-calcaneal pin</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:172px;">4.0 mm Pin</td>
			<td style="width:204px;">Zimmer, Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">00-4501-040-04</td>
			<td>Talar pin</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:172px;">5.0 mm Pin</td>
			<td style="width:204px;">Zimmer, Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">00-4501-040-05</td>
			<td>Tibial pins</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:172px;">1.6 mm k-wire</td>
			<td style="width:204px;">Zimmer, Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">00-4501-040-01</td>
			<td>1.6 mm Kirschner wire</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:172px;">Moonray BlueLIne Dual</td>
			<td style="width:204px;">SIMAD</td>
			<td style="width:179px;"></td>
			<td>Mobile C-arm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:172px;">Pre-Cut Guide Drill</td>
			<td style="width:204px;">Zimmer, Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">00-4501-059-00</td>
			<td>Precutting bone drill</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:172px;">Bur</td>
			<td style="width:204px;">Zimmer, Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">00-4501-076-00</td>
			<td>Bone resection burr</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:172px;">Micro 100 Drill</td>
			<td style="width:204px;">Conmed Corporation</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">5053-009</td>
			<td>Pneumatic handpieces</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:172px;">3.5 mm ULS screws</td>
			<td style="width:204px;">Zimmer, Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:179px;"></td>
			<td>Fibular fixation screws</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:172px;">Matlab version 2008</td>
			<td style="width:204px;">The MathWorks Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:179px;"></td>
			<td>Statistical software</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

treatment of ankle osteoarthritis with total ankle replacement through a lateral transfibular approach

Reemplazo total de tobillo (TAR) es una opción válida para el tratamiento de la artrosis de tobillo. El abordaje tradicional para el alquitrán es el enfoque anterior. Recientemente, el abordaje transfibular lateral del tobillo ha ganado popularidad desde que un nuevo implante TAR fue diseñado para llevar a cabo a través de este enfoque que resulta en una visualización ideal del centro de rotación del tobillo y resecciones curvas que permiten ahorradores de hueso corta. El objetivo del presente trabajo es presentar nuestras preoperativas, operativas y postoperatorio protocolos para el tratamiento de la osteoartritis del tobillo con alquitrán vía lateral. Presentamos nuestro protocolo clínico y radiográfico preoperatorio. Además, Describimos nuestra técnica quirúrgica con algunos consejos técnicos. Por último, se presenta nuestro plan de seguimiento que incluye la recogida de datos clínicos, funcionales y radiográficas. Los resultados de este procedimiento son alentadores: TAR a través de una transfibular lateral proporciona alivio confiable del dolor y mejoras en los resultados funcionales en pacientes con artrosis de tobillo.

Hemos recogido los resultados de una serie consecutiva de 114 pacientes (114 tobillos) sometidos a TAR vía transfibular lateral entre mayo de 2013 y julio de 2016. Todos los procedimientos operativos se llevaron a cabo por el autor principal.
Los datos se analizaron con un software estadístico (véase Tabla de materiales). Las pruebas de ANOVA y kappa fueron realizados40,<sup...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Treatment of Ankle Osteoarthritis with Total Ankle Replacement Through a Lateral Transfibular Approach at JoVE.com

Treatment of Ankle Osteoarthritis with Total Ankle Replacement Through a Lateral Transfibular Approach

Tratamiento de la artrosis de tobillo con reemplazo Total de tobillo a través de un acercamiento Lateral de Transfibular

Presentamos nuestros protocolos preoperativas, operativas y postoperatorias para el tratamiento de la artrosis de tobillo con reemplazo total de tobillo vía lateral transfibular.

Total ankle replacement (TAR) is a valid option for the treatment of ankle osteoarthritis. The traditional surgical approach for TAR is the anterior ...

treatment-ankle-osteoarthritis-with-total-ankle-replacement-through

Research

JoVE Journal

Behavior

11.7K vistas.  Galeazzi Orthopedic Institute for Research and Care. Presentamos nuestros protocolos preoperativas, operativas y postoperatorias para el tratamiento de la artrosis de tobillo con reemplazo total de tobillo vía lateral transfibular.

Video: Treatment of Ankle Osteoarthritis with Total Ankle Replacement Through a Lateral Transfibular Approach

Measuring Sensitivity to Viewpoint Change with and without Stereoscopic Cues

The speed and accuracy of object recognition is compromised by a change in viewpoint; demonstrating that human observers are sensitive to this transformation. Here we discuss a novel method for simulating the appearance of an object that has undergone a rotation-in-depth, and include an exposition of the differences between perspective and orthographic projections. Next we describe a method by which human sensitivity to rotation-in-depth can be measured. Finally we discuss an apparatus for creating a vivid percept of a 3-dimensional rotation-in-depth; the Wheatstone Eight Mirror Stereoscope. By doing so, we reveal a means by which to evaluate the role of stereoscopic cues in the discrimination of viewpoint rotated shapes and objects.

We discuss a novel method forviewpoint-rotation of visual stimuli, and demonstrate using a mirror stereoscopethe three-dimensional percept of rotation-in-depth. The technique can be used to investigate the role of stereoscopic cues in encoding viewpoint-rotated figures.

The speed and accuracy of object recognition is compromised by a change in viewpoint; demonstrating that human observers are sensitive to this ...

Investigación

Comportamiento

Assessment of Age-related Changes in Cognitive Functions Using EmoCogMeter, a Novel Tablet-computer Based Approach

The main goal of this study was to assess the usability of a tablet-computer-based application (EmoCogMeter) in investigating the effects of age on cognitive functions across the lifespan in a sample of 378 healthy subjects (age range 18-89 years). Consistent with previous findings we found an age-related cognitive decline across a wide range of neuropsychological domains (memory, attention, executive functions), thereby proving the usability of our tablet-based application. Regardless of prior computer experience, subjects of all age groups were able to perform the tasks without instruction or feedback from an experimenter. Increased motivation and compliance proved to be beneficial for task performance, thereby potentially increasing the validity of the results. Our promising findings underline the great clinical and practical potential of a tablet-based application for detection and monitoring of cognitive dysfunction.

We tested the usability of a tablet-computer-based application (EmoCogMeter) in investigating the effects of age on cognition. Results show an age-related cognitive decline, thereby proving the usability of our application. Findings underline the great clinical and practical potential of a tablet-based application for detection and monitoring of cognitive dysfunction.

Evaluación de los cambios relacionados con la edad en las funciones cognitivas Uso EmoCogMeter, un Enfoque Basado Novela Tablet-ordenador

The main goal of this study was to assess the usability of a tablet-computer-based application (EmoCogMeter) in investigating the effects of age on ...

Experimental Assessment of Mouse Sociability Using an Automated Image Processing Approach

Mouse is the preferred model organism for testing drugs designed to increase sociability. We present a method to quantify mouse sociability in which the test mouse is placed in a standardized apparatus and relevant behaviors are assessed in three different sessions (called session I, II, and III).
The apparatus has three compartments (see Figure 1), the left and right compartments contain an inverted cup which can house a mouse (called &#34;stimulus mouse&#34;).
In session I, the test mouse is placed in the cage and its mobility is characterized by the number of transitions made between compartments. In session II, a stimulus mouse is placed under one of the inverted cups and the sociability of the test mouse is quantified by the amounts of time it spends near the cup containing the enclosed stimulus mouse vs. the empty inverted cup. In session III, the inverted cups are removed and both mice interact freely. The sociability of the test mouse in session III is quantified by the number of social approaches it makes toward the stimulus mouse and by the number of times it avoids a social approach by the stimulus mouse.
The automated evaluation of the movie detects the nose of the test mouse, which allows the determination of all described sociability measures in session I and II (in session III, approaches are identified automatically but classified manually). To find the nose, the image of an empty cage is digitally subtracted from each frame of the movie and the resulting image is binarized to identify the mouse pixels. The mouse tail is automatically removed and the two most distant points of the remaining mouse are determined; these are close to nose and base of tail. By analyzing the motion of the mouse and using continuity arguments, the nose is identified.
<img alt="Figure 1" src="/files/ftp_upload/52508/52508fig1.jpg" /> 
Figure 1. Assessment of Sociability During 3 sessions. Session I (top): Acclimation of test mouse to the cage. Session II (middle): Test mouse moving freely in the cage while the stimulus mouse is enclosed in an inverted cup. Session III (bottom): Both test mouse and stimulus mouse are allowed to move freely and interact with each other.

This protocol describes a method to quantify mouse sociability. Mice are videotaped as they move and interact in a special cage. Movie processing allows for the automated quantification of sociability with excellent accuracy and reliability.

Evaluación experimental de ratón sociabilidad Utilizando un enfoque de procesamiento de imágenes automatizado

Mouse is the preferred model organism for testing drugs designed to increase sociability. We present a method to quantify mouse sociability in which the ...

A Treatment Package without Escape Extinction to Address Food Selectivity

Feeding difficulties and feeding disorders are a commonly occurring problem for young children, particularly children with developmental delays including autism. Behavior analytic interventions for the treatment of feeding difficulties oftentimes include escape extinction as a primary component of treatment. The use of escape extinction, while effective, may be problematic as it is also associated with the emergence of challenging behavior (e.g., extinction burst). Such challenging behavior may be an acceptable side effect in treatment cases where feeding problems are severe and chronic (e.g., failure to thrive). However, in more acute cases (e.g., selective eating), the negative side effect may be unwarranted and undesired. More recent research on the behavioral treatment of food selectivity has begun to evaluate treatments for feeding difficulties that do not include escape extinction (e.g., demand fading, behavioral momentum), with some success. However, research to date reveals individual differences in responsiveness to such treatments and no clear preferable treatment has emerged. This manuscript describes a multi-component treatment package that includes shaping, sequential presentation and simultaneous presentation, for the treatment of food selectivity in four young children with developmental delays. This treatment package extends the literature on the behavioral treatment for food selectivity and offers a multi-component treatment protocol that may be clinically applicable across a range of treatment scenarios and settings.

Feeding difficulties are a common problem for children with developmental disorders, including autism, and behavioral interventions often include escape extinction. Recent research has begun to evaluate treatments that do not include escape extinction. This manuscript describes a multicomponent treatment package that does not use escape extinction to treat feeding difficulties.

Un paquete de tratamiento sin Extinción Escape para Dirección de Alimentos Selectividad

Feeding difficulties and feeding disorders are a commonly occurring problem for young children, particularly children with developmental delays including ...

Experimental Research Examining How People Can Cope with Uncertainty Through Soft Haptic Sensations

Human beings are constantly surrounded by uncertainty and change. The question arises how people cope with such uncertainty. To date, most research has focused on the cognitive strategies people adopt to deal with uncertainty. However, especially when uncertainty is due to unpredictable societal events (e.g., economical crises, political revolutions, terrorism threats) of which one is unable to judge the impact on one&#8217;s future live, cognitive strategies (like seeking additional information) is likely to fail to combat uncertainty. Instead, the current paper discusses a method demonstrating that people might deal with uncertainty experientially through soft haptic sensations. More specifically, because touching something soft creates a feeling of comfort and security, people prefer objects with softer as compared to harder properties when feeling uncertain. Seeking for softness is a highly efficient and effective tool to deal with uncertainty as our hands are available at all times. This protocol describes a set of methods demonstrating 1) how environmental (un)certainty can be situationally activated with an experiential priming procedure, 2) that the quality of the softness experience (what type of softness and how it is experienced) matters and 3) how uncertainty can be reduced using different methods.

To date research has focused on cognitive strategies people adopt to cope with uncertainty. This research examines instead an experiential way of dealing with uncertainty and introduces a set of experimental methods showing how the experience of haptic softness can serve as a tool to deal with uncertainty.

Investigación Experimental Examinar cómo la gente puede hacer frente a la incertidumbre a través de suaves hápticos Sensaciones

Human beings are constantly surrounded by uncertainty and change. The question arises how people cope with such uncertainty. To date, most research has ...

Pavlovian Conditioned Approach Training in Rats

Cues that are contingently paired with unconditioned, rewarding stimuli can acquire rewarding properties themselves through a process known as the attribution of incentive salience, or the transformation of neutral stimuli into attractive, &#34;wanted&#39; stimuli capable of motivating behavior. Pavlovian conditioned approach (PCA) develops after the response-independent presentation of a conditioned stimulus (CS; e.g., a lever) that predicts the delivery of an unconditioned stimulus (US; e.g., a food pellet) and can be used to measure incentive salience. During training, three patterns of conditioned responses (CRs) can develop: sign-tracking behavior (CS-directed CR), goal-tracking behavior (US-directed CR), and an intermediate response (both CRs). Sign-trackers attribute incentive salience to reward-related cues and are more vulnerable to cue-induced reinstatement of drug-seeking as well as other addiction-related behaviors, making PCA a potentially valuable procedure for studying addiction vulnerability. Here, we describe materials and methods used to elicit PCA behavior from rats as well as analyze and interpret PCA behavior in individual experiments.

Here, we present a protocol to elicit Pavlovian conditioned approach behavior in rats. This procedure can be used to measure individual differences in the tendency to approach and attribute incentive salience to reward-related cues and investigate addiction vulnerability.

Pavloviano Formación Enfoque acondicionado en ratas

Cues that are contingently paired with unconditioned, rewarding stimuli can acquire rewarding properties themselves through a process known as the ...

Eye-Tracking Control to Assess Cognitive Functions in Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder with pathological involvement of upper and lower motoneurons, subsequently leading to progressive loss of motor and speech abilities. In addition, cognitive functions are impaired in a subset of patients. To evaluate these potential deficits in severely physically impaired ALS patients, eye-tracking is a promising means to conduct cognitive tests. The present article focuses on how eye movements, an indirect means of communication for physically disabled patients, can be utilized to allow for detailed neuropsychological assessment. The requirements, in terms of oculomotor parameters that have to be met for sufficient eye-tracking in ALS patients are presented. The properties of stimuli, including type of neuropsychological tests and style of presentation, best suited to successfully assess cognitive functioning, are also described. Furthermore, recommendations regarding procedural requirements are provided. Overall, this methodology provides a reliable, easy to administer and fast approach for assessing cognitive deficits in patients who are unable to speak or write such as patients with severe ALS. The only confounding factor might be deficits in voluntary eye movement control in a subset of ALS patients.

Cognitive deficits are common in about one third of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, a neurological condition leading to progressive impairments in speech and movement abilities. To conduct cognitive tests in patients unable to speak or write a reliable and easy to administer eye-tracking paradigm was developed.

Eye-Tracking de control para evaluar las funciones cognitivas en pacientes con esclerosis lateral amiotrófica

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder with pathological involvement of upper and lower motoneurons, subsequently leading to ...

Behavioral Disturbances: An Innovative Approach to Monitor the Modulatory Effects of a Nutraceutical Diet

In dogs, diets are often used to modulate behavioral disturbances related to chronic anxiety and stress caused by intense and restless activity. However, the traditional ways to monitor behavioral changes in dogs are complicated and not efficient. In the current clinical evaluation, a new, simple monitoring system was used to assess the effectiveness of a specific diet in positively modulating the intense and restless activity of 24 dogs of different ages and breeds. This protocol describes how to easily and rapidly evaluate improvement in a set of symptoms related to generalized anxiety by using a specific sensor, a mobile phone app, a wireless router, and a computer. The results showed that dogs treated with specific diets showed significant improvement in the times spent active and at rest after 10 days (p &lt; 0.01 and p &lt; 0.05, respectively). These dogs also showed an overall significant improvement in clinical and behavioral symptoms. A specific sensor, along with its related hardware, was demonstrated to successfully monitor behavioral changes relating to movement in dogs.

We report a simple approach to evaluate the effectiveness of a specific diet in positively modulating the daily activity and clinical and behavioral symptoms of dogs with evident behavioral disturbances.

Alteraciones del comportamiento: Un enfoque innovador para controlar los efectos moduladores de una dieta nutracéutica

In dogs, diets are often used to modulate behavioral disturbances related to chronic anxiety and stress caused by intense and restless activity. However, ...

Enactive Phenomenological Approach to the Trier Social Stress Test: A Mixed Methods Point of View

The single Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) and the TSST for groups (TSST-G) are the most used protocols to experimentally induce psychosocial stress. These tests are based on uncontrollability and social-evaluative threat, inducing psychological and physiological consequences (e.g., anxiety, emotional states, salivary cortisol increases). Many quantitative experimental studies have investigated these stress inducers and these consequences. But, as far as we know, this study is the first to provide a qualitative analysis to access the participants' voices so as to understand the dynamics of their experience throughout the TSST and the TSST-G. This paper outlines a mixed methods approach to the TSST. This approach can help to maximize the information that can be gained from the TSST, which researchers often use without looking more closely at what is qualitatively happening psychologically for participants during the stressor itself. In this way, this protocol is an example of mixed methods, showing the added value of using the enactive phenomenological approach to analyze experimental protocols more deeply. This kind of mixed methods is helpful to access the experience, to understand the actor's point of view, and to analyze in-depth the dynamics of cognitive processes like intentions, perceptions, enacted knowledge, and emotion. The discussion section shows the different uses of a mixed methods protocol, exploiting the enactive phenomenological approach to analyze a protocol or to give a cross vision of the same research subject. This section deals with different existing applications, pointing out some critical steps in this mixed methods approach.

Here, we present an original mixed method combining a quantitative and a qualitative approach to examine accurately participants&#39; experiences during the Trier Social Stress Test and the Trier Social Stress Test for groups.

Enfoque fenomenológico enactivo a Trier Social Stress prueba: un punto de vista de métodos mixtos

The single Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) and the TSST for groups (TSST-G) are the most used protocols to experimentally induce psychosocial stress. ...

Use of a Wireless Video-EEG System to Monitor Epileptiform Discharges Following Lateral Fluid-Percussion Induced Traumatic Brain Injury

The lateral fluid percussion injury (FPI) model is well established and has been used to study TBI and post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE). However, considerable variability has been reported for the specific parameters used in different studies that have employed this model, making it difficult to harmonize and interpret the results between laboratories. For example, variability has been reported regarding the size and location of the craniectomy, how the Luer lock hub is placed relative to the craniectomy, the atmospheric pressure applied to the dura and the duration of the pressure pulse. Each of these parameters can impact injury severity, which directly correlates with the incidence of PTE. This has been manifested as a wide range of mortality rates, righting reflex times and incidence of convulsive seizures reported. Here we provide a detailed protocol for the method we have used to help facilitate harmonization between studies. We used FPI in combination with a wireless EEG telemetry system to continuously monitor for electrographic changes and detect seizure activity.&#160; FPI is induced by creating a 5 mm craniectomy over the left hemisphere, between the Bregma and Lambda and adjacent to the lateral ridge. A Luer lock hub is secured onto the skull over the craniectomy. This hub is connected to the FPI device, and a 20-millisecond pressure pulse is delivered directly to the intact dura through pressure tubing connected to the hub via a twist lock connector. Following recovery, rats are re-anesthetized to remove the hub. Five 0.5 mm, stainless steel EEG electrode screws are placed in contact with the dura through the skull and serve as four recording electrodes and one reference electrode. The electrode wires are collected into a pedestal connector which is secured into place with bone cement. Continuous video/EEG recordings are collected for up to 4 weeks post TBI.

Here we present a protocol to induce severe TBI with the lateral fluid percussion injury (FPI) model in adult, male Wistar rats. We also demonstrate the use of a wireless telemetry system to collect continuous video-EEG recordings and monitor for epileptiform discharges consistent with post-traumatic epileptogenesis.&#160;

Uso de un sistema inalámbrico de video-eEG para monitorear descargas epiptiformes después de una lesión cerebral traumática inducida por percusión de fluido lateral