1) Collection d&#39;œufs de poisson zèbre <ol><li> Sur l&#39;après-midi précédant le jour de l&#39;écran chimique, mis en place 10 à 20 bassins d&#39;élevage de poisson zèbre. Remplissez chaque réservoir avec l&#39;eau du système de l&#39;aquaculture. En utilisant un filet de poisson, le transfert un mâle adulte et un à deux femelles adultes à l&#39;intérieur de conteneurs dans chaque bac d&#39;élevage. Séparez les poissons mâles et femelles de l&#39;autre avec un diviseur. Étiqueter les cages et mettre un couvercle sur eux. </li><li> Le matin de l&#39;écran, retirez les diviseurs de bassins d&#39;élevage et de permettre le poisson-zèbre pour s&#39;accoupler. Au cours de la prochaine 1 heure, permettent d&#39;œufs fécondés de tomber à travers la grille au fond de chaque récipient intérieur. </li><li> Après 1 heure, le retour de poisson zèbre pour adultes de retour aux réservoirs de stockage permanent, retirez le récipient interne et ramasser les oeufs en filtrant l&#39;eau dans chaque réservoir d&#39;élevage à travers une passoire à thé en plastique. </li><li> Inverser la crépine sur une boîte de Pétri et rincer le filtre doucement à vider les oeufs dans la boîte de Petri en utilisant une bouteille de lavage contenant le milieu de l&#39;E3. </li><li> Tous les œufs non fécondés, qui apparaissent opaque, doit être retiré à l&#39;aide d&#39;une pipette en plastique jetables. Chaque croix d&#39;accouplement devrait produire environ 200 embryons. </li></ol> 2) rangeant embryons en plaques de 96 puits <ol><li> Transfert d&#39;environ 5 embryons dans le milieu de l&#39;E3 dans chaque puits d&#39;une plaque de 96 puits en utilisant une pipette Pasteur en verre. </li><li> Une fois que les embryons sont disposés sur la plaque de 96 puits, enlever autant du milieu E3 que possible hors des puits en utilisant un 12-canaux (30 - 300 ul) pipette, en prenant soin de ne pas percer l&#39;embryon. Utiliser la pipette à 12 canaux, de livrer 250 pi de milieu contenant de la kanamycine E3 0.5μg/ml à chacun des puits aussi rapidement que possible afin de ne pas permettre à des embryons à se tarir. </li><li> Mettre les plaques à 96 puits dans la pépinière 28,5 ° C jusqu&#39;à ce qu&#39;ils atteignent le stade désiré lorsque les composés à ajouter. </li></ol> 3) Transfert de banque de petites molécules Alors que le transfert de composés peuvent être automatisées avec des méthodes de transfert de robotique, nous allons décrire la méthode de transfert manuel. <ol><li> Bibliothèques de petites molécules sont généralement fournis dans un format de 96 puits, avec chaque composé stocké dans le DMSO comme un stock de 10 mm. Environ 60 minutes avant les embryons atteignent le stade où les composés sont à ajouter, décongeler un nombre souhaité de plaques de 96 puits contenant des aliquotes de petites molécules (plaque de source). Prenez note du numéro d&#39;identification de série ou l&#39;autre des plaques source. Pour réduire la condensation sur les plaques, la décongélation peut se produire dans une chambre de dessication contenant Drierite (WA HAMMOND Drierite CO, Xenia, OH). </li><li> Brièvement spin bas les plaques dans une centrifugeuse de table équipé d&#39;un adaptateur plaque multi-puits. </li><li> Retirer le ruban adhésif en aluminium de la plaque source. Avec une pipette à 12 canaux, diluer les composés de la plaque source à la concentration de 0,5 mM (par exemple, si à partir de 250 nL aliquotes de stock 10mM, ajouter 4,75 ul de DMSO dans chaque puits). </li><li> Lorsque les embryons dans la plaque de 96 puits (plaque destinataire) atteindre le stade désiré, utiliser un 12-canaux (2-20 uL) pipette pour transférer 2.5μL de composés (0.5mm) à partir des plaques de source dans les plaques de récipient contenant le embryons. </li><li> Notez le numéro d&#39;identification des plaques de source sur les plaques d&#39;embryon receveur. Couvrir les plaques bénéficiaires désormais contenant les embryons et les composés avec des couvercles, mélanger délicatement les plaques en remuant doucement, et les placer dans un incubateur à 28,5 ° C. </li><li> Couvrir chaque plaque de source contenant de petites molécules inutilisées (0,5 mm) avec un ruban adhésif d&#39;aluminium et placer dans un congélateur à -80 ° C pour stockage à long terme. </li></ol> 4) Le dépistage des effets de petites molécules par inspection visuelle des phénotypes <ol><li> Avant de procéder à l&#39;écran, de formuler un critère spécifique pour ce qui constituerait un &quot;hit&quot;. </li><li> Au moment voulu dans le développement, enlever les plaques de 96 puits contenant le composé traités embryons de l&#39;incubateur et d&#39;examiner chaque puits sous un stéréomicroscope. Pour une meilleure visualisation des changements subtils, tels que des changements dans le modèle circulatoire, un microscope à contraste de phase inversée peut être utilisée. Fluorescent microscopie peut être utilisé pour examiner la perturbation de l&#39;expression de la GFP ou protéines DsRed sous un promoteur tissu-spécifique. </li><li> Numériser rapidement les plaques à 96 puits pour un puits dans lequel au moins 3 des 5 embryons présentent le prescrit &quot;hit&quot; phénotype. Noter l&#39;identité de la plaque et l&#39;emplacement du puits de chaque hit potentiel. </li><li> Réitérer un hit potentiel en retester les effets du composé à des doses de plusieurs (1 uM, 5 uM, 10 um et 50 um). Pour chaque dose, 10 embryons ont été testés dans 0,5 ml de presse E3 dans un format de plaque de 48 puits. Le moment de l&#39;addition composé pour le second test devrait être identique à celle du dépistage initial. Une touche est confirmée lorsque le phénotype provoqué est reproduit sur un nouvel essai sur l&#39;compound </li><li> Identifier le composé frappé de la base de petites molécules chimiques dans la bibliothèque. </li></ol>

<ol>
	<li>Bayliss, P. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chemical+modulation+of+receptor+signaling+inhibits+regenerative+angiogenesis+in+adult+zebrafish.">Chemical modulation of receptor signaling inhibits regenerative angiogenesis in adult zebrafish.</a> Nature chemical biology. 2, 265-273 (2006).</li><li>Burns, C. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=High-throughput+assay+for+small+molecules+that+modulate+zebrafish+embryonic+heart+rate.">High-throughput assay for small molecules that modulate zebrafish embryonic heart rate.</a> Nature chemical biology. 1, 263-264 (2005).</li><li>Hao, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+vivo+structure-activity+relationship+study+of+dorsomorphin+analogues+identifies+selective+VEGF+and+BMP+inhibitors.">In vivo structure-activity relationship study of dorsomorphin analogues identifies selective VEGF and BMP inhibitors.</a> ACS chemical biology. 5, 245-253 (2010).</li><li>Hong, C. C., Peterson, Q. P., Hong, J. Y., Peterson, R. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Artery/vein+specification+is+governed+by+opposing+phosphatidylinositol-3+kinase+and+MAP+kinase/ERK+signaling.">Artery/vein specification is governed by opposing phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase and MAP kinase/ERK signaling.</a> Curr Biol. 16, 1366-1372 (2006).</li><li>Milan, D. J., Peterson, T. A., Ruskin, J. N., Peterson, R. T., MacRae, C. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Drugs+that+induce+repolarization+abnormalities+cause+bradycardia+in+zebrafish.">Drugs that induce repolarization abnormalities cause bradycardia in zebrafish.</a> Circulation. 107, 1355-1358 (2003).</li><li>Peterson, R. T., Link, B. A., Dowling, J. E., Schreiber, S. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Small+molecule+developmental+screens+reveal+the+logic+and+timing+of+vertebrate+development.">Small molecule developmental screens reveal the logic and timing of vertebrate development.</a> Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 97, 12965-12969 (2000).</li><li>Yu, P. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dorsomorphin+inhibits+BMP+signals+required+for+embryogenesis+and+iron+metabolism.">Dorsomorphin inhibits BMP signals required for embryogenesis and iron metabolism.</a> Nature chemical biology. 4, 33-41 (2008).</li><li>Zon, L. I., Peterson, R. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+vivo+drug+discovery+in+the+zebrafish.">In vivo drug discovery in the zebrafish.</a> Nature reviews. 4, 35-44 (2005).</li><li>Stern, H. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Small+molecules+that+delay+S+phase+suppress+a+zebrafish+bmyb+mutant.">Small molecules that delay S phase suppress a zebrafish bmyb mutant.</a> Nature chemical biology. 1, 366-370 (2005).</li><li>Peterson, R. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chemical+suppression+of+a+genetic+mutation+in+a+zebrafish+model+of+aortic+coarctation.">Chemical suppression of a genetic mutation in a zebrafish model of aortic coarctation.</a> Nature biotechnology. 22, 595-599 (2004).</li></ol>

Lors de la planification d&#39;un écran chimiques à base de poisson zèbre, une attention particulière doit être portée à la robustesse du phénotype à l&#39;étude et le taux de base du phénotype tel. Ceci est particulièrement important pour les écrans des suppresseurs chimique d&#39;un phénotype induit. Par exemple, pour un phénotype causé par un choc thermique par induction d&#39;un transgène, la condition qui provoque le phénotype reproductible doit être précisément tracé avant de lancer l&#39;éc...

<ol><li> Minimum de 20 paires de poisson zèbre adulte du génotype voulu. </li><li> Filets de poisson, les réservoirs d&#39;élevage, avec récipient intérieur amovible et séparateurs (habitats aquatiques). </li><li> Boîtes de Pétri (10 cm). </li><li> Passoire à thé en plastique. </li><li> L&#39;eau de lavage d&#39;embryon bouteille containg. </li><li> Pipettes de transfert jetables en polyéthylène. </li><li> Polystyrène plaques de 96 puits d&#39;essai à fond rond (Corning Costar, Lowell, MA). </li><li> Pipette Pasteur en verre (Fisher Scientific). </li><li> Manuel pipette pompe, 10 ml (Bel-Art Products, Pequannock, NJ). </li><li> Moyennes embryon E3: 5 mM de NaCl, 0,17 mM de KCl, 0,33 mM de CaCl2, 0,33 mM MgSO 4, contenant 0,003% (phénylthio-urée, Sigma, St. Louis, MO) PTU. PTU peut être préparée comme une solution en dissolvant 0,3 10x-g PTU dans 1 L de médias embryon E3. Les solutions contenant du PTU devrait être protégé de la lumière en couvrant avec du papier aluminium. </li><li> 12-canaux des pipettes, 2-20 uL (Eppendorf). </li><li> 12-canaux pipettes, 300-300 uL (Eppendorf). </li><li> Jetable en polystyrène pipettes bassin, 50 ml (Fisher Scientific). </li><li> Bibliothèques de petites molécules de divers composés structurellement disposés dans un format 96-WLL à 10 mM dans le DMSO stocks. Chaque plaque maître est répartie dans des plaques de 96 puits de stockage en polypropylène (Corning), et conservés à -80 ° C jusqu&#39;à utilisation. </li><li> Aluminium Bande d&#39;étanchéité pour les plaques 96 puits (Nunc, Rochester, NY). </li><li> DMSO (Sigma, St. Louis, MO). </li><li> Base incubateur, 28,5 ° C (Fisher Scientific). </li><li> Stéréomicroscope avec la base de lumière transmise (Leica Microsystems, Bannockburn, IL). </li></ol>

large scale zebrafish-based in vivo small molecule screen

Compte tenu de leur taille petit embryon, le développement rapide, la transparence, la fécondité, et de nombreuses similitudes moléculaires, morphologiques et physiologiques chez les mammifères, le poisson-zèbre est apparu comme un puissant<em&gt; In vivo</em&gt; Plate-forme pour les écrans de la drogue basée sur le phénotype et l&#39;analyse chimique génétique. Ici, nous démontrons une méthode simple et pratique pour criblage à grande échelle de petites molécules à partir d&#39;embryons de poisson zèbre.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Large Scale Zebrafish-Based In vivo Small Molecule Screen at JoVE.com

Large Scale Zebrafish-Based In vivo Small Molecule Screen

Le poisson zèbre est apparu comme un puissant<em&gt; In vivo</em&gt; Plate-forme pour les écrans de la drogue basée sur le phénotype et l&#39;analyse chimique génétique. Ici, nous démontrons une méthode simple et pratique pour criblage à grande échelle de petites molécules à partir d&#39;embryons de poisson zèbre.

Large Scale Zebrafish-Based In vivo Écran petites molécules

Given their small embryo size, rapid development, transparency, fecundity, and numerous molecular, morphological and physiological similarities to ...

large-scale-zebrafish-based-in-vivo-small-molecule-screen

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Biology

Large Scale Zebrafish-Based In vivo Small Molecule Screen

13.4K vues.  Vanderbilt University School of Medicine. Le poisson zèbre est apparu comme un puissant In vivo Plate-forme pour les écrans de la drogue basée sur le phénotype et l'analyse chimique génétique. Ici, nous démontrons une méthode simple et pratique pour criblage à grande échelle de petites molécules à partir d'embryons de poisson zèbre.

Vidéo: Large Scale Zebrafish-Based In vivo Small Molecule Screen

Large-Scale Screens of Metagenomic Libraries

Metagenomic libraries archive large fragments of contiguous genomic sequences from microorganisms without requiring prior cultivation. Generating a streamlined procedure for creating and screening metagenomic libraries is therefore useful for efficient high-throughput investigations into the genetic and metabolic properties of uncultured microbial assemblages. Here, key protocols are presented on video, which we propose is the most useful format for accurately describing a long process that alternately depends on robotic instrumentation and (human) manual interventions. First, we employed robotics to spot library clones onto high-density macroarray membranes, each of which can contain duplicate colonies from twenty-four 384-well library plates. Automation is essential for this procedure not only for accuracy and speed, but also due to the miniaturization of scale required to fit the large number of library clones into highly dense spatial arrangements. Once generated, we next demonstrated how the macroarray membranes can be screened for genes of interest using modified versions of standard protocols for probe labeling, membrane hybridization, and signal detection. We complemented the visual demonstration of these procedures with detailed written descriptions of the steps involved and the materials required, all of which are available online alongside the video.

Grands écrans des banques métagénomiques

Metagenomic libraries archive large fragments of contiguous genomic sequences from microorganisms without requiring prior cultivation.  Generating a ...

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Biologie

Batch Immunostaining for Large-Scale Protein Detection in the Whole Monkey Brain

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is one of the most widely used laboratory techniques for the detection of target proteins in situ. Questions concerning the expression pattern of a target protein across the entire brain are relatively easy to answer when using IHC in small brains, such as those of rodents. However, answering the same questions in large and convoluted brains, such as those of primates presents a number of challenges. Here we present a systematic approach for immunodetection of target proteins in an adult monkey brain. This approach relies on the tissue embedding and sectioning methodology of NeuroScience Associates (NSA) as well as tools developed specifically for batch-staining of free-floating sections. It results in uniform staining of a set of sections which, at a particular interval, represents the entire brain. The resulting stained sections can be subjected to a wide variety of analytical procedures in order to measure protein levels, the population of neurons expressing a certain protein.

Large-scale immunodetection of target proteins across the entire primate brain is possible by employing novel tissue embedding and sectioning methods combined with the use of creative apparatus for batch staining of multiple free-floating sections at a given time.

Immunocoloration lots pour la détection de protéines à grande échelle dans le cerveau du singe entier

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is one of the most widely used laboratory techniques for the detection of target proteins in situ. Questions concerning the ...

Isolation and Large Scale Expansion of Adult Human Endothelial Colony Forming Progenitor Cells

This paper introduces a novel recovery strategy for endothelial colony forming progenitor cells (ECFCs) from heparinized but otherwise unmanipulated adult human peripheral blood within a mean of 12 days. After large scale expansion &gt;1x108 ECFCs can be obtained for further tests. Advantageously by using pHPL the contact of human cells with bovine serum antigens can be excluded. By flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry the isolated cells can be characterized as ECFC and their in vitro functionality to form vascular like structures can be tested in a matrigel assay. Further these cells can be subcutaneously injected in a mouse model to form functional, perfused vessels in vivo. After long term expansion and cryopreservation proliferation, function and genomic stability appear to be preserved. 3,4
This animal-protein free isolation and expansion method is easily applicable to generate a large quantity of ECFCs.

Endothelial colony forming progenitor cells (ECFCs) are a promising tool to study vascular homeostasis and repair.1,2 This paper introduces a novel animal-serum free method for isolation and expansion of ECFC from heparinised adult human peripheral blood with pooled human platelet lysate (pHPL) diminishing the risk of anti-bovine immunisation.

L&#39;isolement et expansion à grande échelle des cellules adultes humaines Colony Forming progénitrices endothéliales

This paper introduces a novel recovery strategy for endothelial colony forming progenitor cells (ECFCs) from heparinized but otherwise unmanipulated adult ...

Efficient Derivation of Human Cardiac Precursors and Cardiomyocytes from Pluripotent Human Embryonic Stem Cells with Small Molecule Induction

To date, the lack of a suitable human cardiac cell source has been the major setback in regenerating the human myocardium, either by cell-based transplantation or by cardiac tissue engineering1-3. Cardiomyocytes become terminally-differentiated soon after birth and lose their ability to proliferate. There is no evidence that stem/progenitor cells derived from other sources, such as the bone marrow or the cord blood, are able to give rise to the contractile heart muscle cells following transplantation into the heart1-3. The need to regenerate or repair the damaged heart muscle has not been met by adult stem cell therapy, either endogenous or via cell delivery1-3. The genetically stable human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) have unlimited expansion ability and unrestricted plasticity, proffering a pluripotent reservoir for in vitro derivation of large supplies of human somatic cells that are restricted to the lineage in need of repair and regeneration4,5. Due to the prevalence of cardiovascular disease worldwide and acute shortage of donor organs, there is intense interest in developing hESC-based therapies as an alternative approach. However, how to channel the wide differentiation potential of pluripotent hESCs efficiently and predictably to a desired phenotype has been a major challenge for both developmental study and clinical translation. Conventional approaches rely on multi-lineage inclination of pluripotent cells through spontaneous germ layer differentiation, resulting in inefficient and uncontrollable lineage-commitment that is often followed by phenotypic heterogeneity and instability, hence, a high risk of tumorigenicity6-8 (see a schematic in Fig. 1A). In addition, undefined foreign/animal biological supplements and/or feeders that have typically been used for the isolation, expansion, and differentiation of hESCs may make direct use of such cell-specialized grafts in patients problematic9-11. To overcome these obstacles, we have resolved the elements of a defined culture system necessary and sufficient for sustaining the epiblast pluripotence of hESCs, serving as a platform for de novo derivation of clinically-suitable hESCs and effectively directing such hESCs uniformly towards clinically-relevant lineages by small molecules12 (see a schematic in Fig. 1B). After screening a variety of small molecules and growth factors, we found that such defined conditions rendered nicotinamide (NAM) sufficient to induce the specification of cardiomesoderm direct from pluripotent hESCs that further progressed to cardioblasts that generated human beating cardiomyocytes with high efficiency (Fig. 2). We defined conditions for induction of cardioblasts direct from pluripotent hESCs without an intervening multi-lineage embryoid body stage, enabling well-controlled efficient derivation of a large supply of human cardiac cells across the spectrum of developmental stages for cell-based therapeutics.

We have established a protocol for induction of cardioblasts direct from pluripotent human embryonic stem cells maintained under defined conditions with small molecules, which enables derivation of a large supply of human cardiac progenitors and functional cardiomyocytes for cardiovascular repair.

Dérivation efficace des ressources humaines précurseurs cardiaques et les cardiomyocytes à partir pluripotentes cellules souches embryonnaires humaines à l&#39;induction de petites molécules

To date, the lack of a suitable human cardiac cell source has been the major setback in regenerating the human myocardium, either by cell-based ...

Small-scale Nuclear Extracts for Functional Assays of Gene-expression Machineries

A great deal of progress in understanding gene expression has been made using in vitro systems. For most studies, functional assays are carried out using extracts that are prepared in bulk from 10-50 or more liters of cells grown in suspension. However, these large-scale preparations are not amenable to rapidly testing in vitro effects that result from a variety of in vivo cellular treatments or conditions. This journal video article shows a method for preparing functional small-scale nuclear extracts, using HeLa cells as an example. This method is carried out using as few as three 150 mm plates of cells grown as adherent monolayers. To illustrate the efficiency of the small-scale extracts, we show that they are as active as bulk nuclear extracts for coupled RNA Polymerase II transcription/splicing reactions. To demonstrate the utility of the extract protocol, we show that splicing is abolished in extracts prepared from HeLa cells treated with the splicing inhibitor drug E7107. The small-scale protocol should be generally applicable to any process or cell type that can be investigated in vitro using cellular extracts. These include patient cells that are only available in limited quantities or cells exposed to numerous agents such as drugs, DNA damaging agents, RNAi, or transfection, which require the use of small cell populations. In addition, small amounts of freshly grown cells are convenient and/or required for some applications.

A protocol for preparation of robust, small-scale HeLa nuclear extracts is described. This protocol is valuable for assays that require use of small populations of cells, such as cells treated with drugs or RNAi. The method should be applicable to a wide variety of gene expression assays and other cell types, including patient cells.

Les petits extraits nucléaires pour les dosages fonctionnels de l&#39;expression génétique Machineries

A great deal of progress in understanding gene expression has been made using in vitro systems.  For most studies, functional assays are carried out using ...

Infinium Assay for Large-scale SNP Genotyping Applications

Genotyping variants in the human genome has proven to be an efficient method to identify genetic associations with phenotypes. The distribution of variants within families or populations can facilitate identification of the genetic factors of disease. Illumina&#39;s panel of genotyping BeadChips allows investigators to genotype thousands or millions of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) or to analyze other genomic variants, such as copy number, across a large number of DNA samples. These SNPs can be spread throughout the genome or targeted in specific regions in order to maximize potential discovery. The Infinium assay has been optimized to yield high-quality, accurate results quickly. With proper setup, a single technician can process from a few hundred to over a thousand DNA samples per week, depending on the type of array. This assay guides users through every step, starting with genomic DNA and ending with the scanning of the array. Using propriety reagents, samples are amplified, fragmented, precipitated, resuspended, hybridized to the chip, extended by a single base, stained, and scanned on either an iScan or Hi Scan high-resolution optical imaging system. One overnight step is required to amplify the DNA. The DNA is denatured and isothermally amplified by whole-genome amplification; therefore, no PCR is required. Samples are hybridized to the arrays during a second overnight step. By the third day, the samples are ready to be scanned and analyzed. Amplified DNA may be stockpiled in large quantities, allowing bead arrays to be processed every day of the week, thereby maximizing throughput.

A protocol is described that uses Illumina&#39;s Infinium assays to perform large-scale genotyping. These assays can reliably genotype millions of SNPs across hundreds of individual DNA samples in three days. Once generated, these genotypes can be used to check for associations with a variety of different diseases or phenotypes.

Infinium Assay pour Grands génotypage SNP Applications

Genotyping variants in the human genome has proven to be an efficient method to identify genetic associations with phenotypes. The distribution of ...

A Strategy for Sensitive, Large Scale Quantitative Metabolomics

Metabolite profiling has been a valuable asset in the study of metabolism in health and disease. However, current platforms have different limiting factors, such as labor intensive sample preparations, low detection limits, slow scan speeds, intensive method optimization for each metabolite, and the inability to measure both positively and negatively charged ions in single experiments. Therefore, a novel metabolomics protocol could advance metabolomics studies. Amide-based hydrophilic chromatography enables polar metabolite analysis without any chemical derivatization. High resolution MS using the Q-Exactive (QE-MS) has improved ion optics, increased scan speeds (256 msec at resolution 70,000), and has the capability of carrying out positive/negative switching. Using a cold methanol extraction strategy, and coupling an amide column with QE-MS enables robust detection of 168 targeted polar metabolites and thousands of additional features simultaneously.&#160; Data processing is carried out with commercially available software in a highly efficient way, and unknown features extracted from the mass spectra can be queried in databases.

Metabolite profiling has been a valuable asset in the study of metabolism in health and disease. Utilizing normal-phased liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry with polarity switching and a rapid duty cycle, we describe a protocol to analyze the polar metabolic composition of biological material with high sensitivity, accuracy, and resolution.

Une stratégie pour sensibles à grande échelle quantitatives métabolomique

Metabolite profiling has been a valuable asset in the study of metabolism in health and disease. However, current platforms have different limiting ...

A Manual Small Molecule Screen Approaching High-throughput Using Zebrafish Embryos

Zebrafish have become a widely used model organism to investigate the mechanisms that underlie developmental biology and to study human disease pathology due to their considerable degree of genetic conservation with humans. Chemical genetics entails testing the effect that small molecules have on a biological process and is becoming a popular translational research method to identify therapeutic compounds. Zebrafish are specifically appealing to use for chemical genetics because of their ability to produce large clutches of transparent embryos, which are externally fertilized. Furthermore, zebrafish embryos can be easily drug treated by the simple addition of a compound to the embryo media. Using whole-mount in situ hybridization (WISH), mRNA expression can be clearly visualized within zebrafish embryos. Together, using chemical genetics and WISH, the zebrafish becomes a potent whole organism context in which to determine the cellular and physiological effects of small molecules. Innovative advances have been made in technologies that utilize machine-based screening procedures, however for many labs such options are not accessible or remain cost-prohibitive. The protocol described here explains how to execute a manual high-throughput chemical genetic screen that requires basic resources and can be accomplished by a single individual or small team in an efficient period of time. Thus, this protocol provides a feasible strategy that can be implemented by research groups to perform chemical genetics in zebrafish, which can be useful for gaining fundamental insights into developmental processes, disease mechanisms, and to identify novel compounds and signaling pathways that have medically relevant applications.

The zebrafish is an excellent experimental organism to study vertebrate developmental processes and model human disease. Here, we describe a protocol on how to perform a manual high-throughput chemical screen in zebrafish embryos with a whole-mount in situ hybridization (WISH) read-out.

Un petit écran Molecule Manuel approchant à haut débit utilisant embryons de poissons zèbres

Zebrafish have become a widely used model organism to investigate the mechanisms that underlie developmental biology and to study human disease pathology ...

Identification of Novel Regulators of Plant Transpiration by Large-Scale Thermal Imaging Screening in Helianthus Annuus

Plant adaptation to biotic and abiotic stresses is governed by a variety of factors, among which the regulation of stomatal aperture in response to water deficit or pathogens plays a crucial role. Identifying small molecules that regulate stomatal movement can therefore contribute to understanding the physiological basis by which plants adapt to their environment. Large-scale screening approaches that have been used to identify regulators of stomatal movement have potential limitations: some rely heavily on the abscisic acid (ABA) hormone signaling pathway, therefore excluding ABA-independent mechanisms, while others rely on the observation of indirect, long-term physiological effects such as plant growth and development. The screening method presented here allows the large-scale treatment of plants with a library of chemicals coupled with a direct quantification of their transpiration by thermal imaging. Since evaporation of water through transpiration results in leaf surface cooling, thermal imaging provides a non-invasive approach to investigate changes in stomatal conductance over time. In this protocol, Helianthus annuus seedlings are grown hydroponically and then treated by root feeding, in which the primary root is cut and dipped into the chemical being tested. Thermal imaging followed by statistical analysis of cotyledonary temperature changes over time allows for the identification of bioactive molecules modulating stomatal aperture. Our proof-of-concept experiments demonstrate that a chemical can be carried from the cut root to the cotyledon of the sunflower seedling within 10 minutes. In addition, when plants are treated with ABA as a positive control, an increase in leaf surface temperature can be detected within minutes. Our method thus allows the efficient and rapid identification of novel molecules regulating stomatal aperture.

Identification of Novel Regulators of Plant Transpiration by Large-Scale Thermal Imaging Screening in Helianthus Annuus

We provide a method for identifying modulators of foliar transpiration by large-scale screening of a compound library.

Identification de nouveaux régulateurs de la transpiration végétale par le dépistage thermique à grande échelle à Helianthus Annuus

Plant adaptation to biotic and abiotic stresses is governed by a variety of factors, among which the regulation of stomatal aperture in response to water ...

A Semiautomated ChIP-Seq Procedure for Large-scale Epigenetic Studies

Chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing (ChIP-Seq) is a powerful and widely used approach to profile chromatin DNA associated with specific histone modifications, such as H3K27ac, to help identify cis-regulatory DNA elements. The manual process to complete a ChIP-Seq is labor intensive, technically challenging, and often requires large-cell numbers (&#62;100,000 cells). The method described here helps to overcome those challenges. A complete semiautomated, microscaled H3K27ac ChIP-Seq procedure including cell fixation, chromatin shearing, immunoprecipitation, and sequencing library preparation, for batch of 48 samples for cell number inputs less than 100,000 cells is described in detail. The semiautonomous platform reduces technical variability, improves signal-to-noise ratios, and drastically reduces labor. The system can thereby reduce costs by allowing for reduced reaction volumes, limiting the number of expensive reagents such as enzymes, magnetic beads, antibodies, and hands-on time required. These improvements to the ChIP-Seq method suit perfectly for large-scale epigenetic studies of clinical samples with limited cell numbers in a highly reproducible manner.

This paper describes a semiautomated, microscaled ChIP-Seq protocol of DNA regions associated with a specific histone modification (H3K27ac) using a ChIP liquid-handler platform, followed by library preparation using tagmentation. The procedure includes control assessment for quality and quantity purposes and can be adopted to other histone modifications or transcription factors.

Une procédure ChIP-Seq semi-automatisée pour les études épigénétiques à grande échelle

Chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing (ChIP-Seq) is a powerful and widely used approach to profile chromatin DNA associated with specific ...