Dr Rountree reconnaît le soutien actuel du Réseau Enfants-Santé, Institut National de la Santé, et de K08DK080928 R03DK088013, et la Société américaine du cancer Research Scholar Award, MGO-11651. Dr Rountree reconnaît que cette procédure a été initialement développé et affiné tout financé par le Programme de développement scientifique en pédiatrie (NICHD Grant Award K12-HD00850).

<ol>
	<li>Rountree, C. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+CD133-expressing+murine+liver+oval+cell+population+with+bilineage+potential.">A CD133-expressing murine liver oval cell population with bilineage potential.</a> Stem Cells. 25, 2419-2429 (2007).</li><li>Ding, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=CD133++liver+cancer+stem+cells+from+methionine+adenosyl+transferase+1A-deficient+mice+demonstrate+resistance+to+transforming+growth+factor+(TGF)-beta-induced+apoptosis.">CD133+ liver cancer stem cells from methionine adenosyl transferase 1A-deficient mice demonstrate resistance to transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta-induced apoptosis.</a> Hepatology. 49, 1277-1286 (2009).</li><li>Rountree, C. B., Ding, W., He, L., Stiles, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Expansion+of+CD133-expressing+liver+cancer+stem+cells+in+liver-specific+phosphatase+and+tensin+homolog+deleted+on+chromosome+10-deleted+mice.">Expansion of CD133-expressing liver cancer stem cells in liver-specific phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10-deleted mice.</a> Stem Cells. 27, 290-299 (2009).</li><li>Rountree, C. B., Senadheera, S., Mato, J. M., Crooks, G. M., Lu, S. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Expansion+of+liver+cancer+stem+cells+during+aging+in+methionine+adenosyltransferase+1A-deficient+mice.">Expansion of liver cancer stem cells during aging in methionine adenosyltransferase 1A-deficient mice.</a> Hepatology. 47, 1288-1297 (2008).</li><li>Michalopoulos, G. 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Liver Physiol. 290, 189-193 (2006).</li><li>Wang, X. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+origin+and+liver+repopulating+capacity+of+murine+oval+cells.">The origin and liver repopulating capacity of murine oval cells.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci U. S. A. 100, 11881-11888 (2003).</li><li>Greenbaum, L. E., Wells, R. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+role+of+stem+cells+in+liver+repair+and+fibrosis.">The role of stem cells in liver repair and fibrosis.</a> Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 43, 222-229 (2011).</li><li>Choi, S. S., Omenetti, A., Syn, W. K., Diehl, A. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+role+of+Hedgehog+signaling+in+fibrogenic+liver+repair.">The role of Hedgehog signaling in fibrogenic liver repair.</a> Int. J. Biochem. Cell. Biol. 43, 238-244 (2011).</li><li>Khurana, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Scopolamine+treatment+and+muscarinic+receptor+subtype-3+gene+ablation+augment+azoxymethane-induced+murine+liver+injury.">Scopolamine treatment and muscarinic receptor subtype-3 gene ablation augment azoxymethane-induced murine liver injury.</a> J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 333, 639-649 (2010).</li><li>Sell, S., Leffert, H. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Liver+cancer+stem+cells.">Liver cancer stem cells.</a> J. Clin. Oncol. 26, 2800-2805 (2008).</li><li>Lee, J. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+novel+prognostic+subtype+of+human+hepatocellular+carcinoma+derived+from+hepatic+progenitor+cells.">A novel prognostic subtype of human hepatocellular carcinoma derived from hepatic progenitor cells.</a> Nat. Med. 12, 410-416 (2006).</li><li>Sell, S., Dunsford, H. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Evidence+for+the+stem+cell+origin+of+hepatocellular+carcinoma+and+cholangiocarcinoma.">Evidence for the stem cell origin of hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma.</a> Am. J. Pathol. 134, 1347-1363 (1989).</li><li>Amin, R., Mishra, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Liver+stem+cells+and+tgf-Beta+in+hepatic+carcinogenesis.">Liver stem cells and tgf-Beta in hepatic carcinogenesis.</a> Gastrointest Cancer Res. 2, 27-30 (2008).</li><li>Tang, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Progenitor/stem+cells+give+rise+to+liver+cancer+due+to+aberrant+TGF-beta+and+IL-6+signaling.">Progenitor/stem cells give rise to liver cancer due to aberrant TGF-beta and IL-6 signaling.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci. 105, 2445-2450 (2008).</li><li>Kitisin, K., Pishvaian, M. J., Johnson, L. B., Mishra, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Liver+stem+cells+and+molecular+signaling+pathways+in+hepatocellular+carcinoma.">Liver stem cells and molecular signaling pathways in hepatocellular carcinoma.</a> Gastrointest Cancer Res. 1, 13-21 (2007).</li><li>Rountree, C. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bone+marrow+fails+to+differentiate+into+liver+epithelium+during+murine+development+and+regeneration.">Bone marrow fails to differentiate into liver epithelium during murine development and regeneration.</a> Hepatology. 45, 1250-1260 (2007).</li><li>Shimano, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hepatic+oval+cells+have+the+side+population+phenotype+defined+by+expression+of+ATP-binding+cassette+transporter+ABCG2/BCRP1.">Hepatic oval cells have the side population phenotype defined by expression of ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2/BCRP1.</a> Am J Pathol. 163, 3-9 (2003).</li><li>Suzuki, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Flow+cytometric+isolation+and+clonal+identification+of+self-renewing+bipotent+hepatic+progenitor+cells+in+adult+mouse+liver.">Flow cytometric isolation and clonal identification of self-renewing bipotent hepatic progenitor cells in adult mouse liver.</a> Hepatology. , (2008).</li><li>Suzuki, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Clonal+identification+and+characterization+of+self-renewing+pluripotent+stem+cells+in+the+developing+liver.">Clonal identification and characterization of self-renewing pluripotent stem cells in the developing liver.</a> J Cell Biol. 156, 173-184 (2002).</li><li>Yamashita, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=EpCAM-positive+hepatocellular+carcinoma+cells+are+tumor-initiating+cells+with+stem/progenitor+cell+features.">EpCAM-positive hepatocellular carcinoma cells are tumor-initiating cells with stem/progenitor cell features.</a> Gastroenterology. 136, 1012-1024 (2009).</li><li>Yamashita, T., Budhu, A., Forgues, M., Wang, X. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Activation+of+hepatic+stem+cell+marker+EpCAM+by+Wnt-beta-catenin+signaling+in+hepatocellular+carcinoma.">Activation of hepatic stem cell marker EpCAM by Wnt-beta-catenin signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma.</a> Cancer Res. 67, 10831-10839 (2007).</li><li>Furuyama, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Continuous+cell+supply+from+a+Sox9-expressing+progenitor+zone+in+adult+liver,+exocrine+pancreas+and+intestine.">Continuous cell supply from a Sox9-expressing progenitor zone in adult liver, exocrine pancreas and intestine.</a> Nat Genet. 43, 34-41 (2011).</li><li>Kordes, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=CD133++hepatic+stellate+cells+are+progenitor+cells.">CD133+ hepatic stellate cells are progenitor cells.</a> Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 352, 410-417 (2007).</li><li>Berg, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fibroblast+Growth+Factor+10+is+critical+for+liver+growth+during+embryogenesis+and+controls+of+hepatoblast+survival+via+b-catenin+activation.">Fibroblast Growth Factor 10 is critical for liver growth during embryogenesis and controls of hepatoblast survival via b-catenin activation.</a> Hepatology. , (2007).</li><li>Turner, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Human+hepatic+stem+cell+and+maturational+liver+lineage+biology.">Human hepatic stem cell and maturational liver lineage biology.</a> Hepatology. 53, 1035-1045 (2011).</li><li>Wang, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Lineage+restriction+of+human+hepatic+stem+cells+to+mature+fates+is+made+efficient+by+tissue-specific+biomatrix+scaffolds.">Lineage restriction of human hepatic stem cells to mature fates is made efficient by tissue-specific biomatrix scaffolds.</a> Hepatology. 53, 293-305 (2011).</li><li>Galicia, V. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Expansion+of+hepatic+tumor+progenitor+cells+in+Pten-null+mice+requires+liver+injury+and+is+reversed+by+loss+of+AKT2.">Expansion of hepatic tumor progenitor cells in Pten-null mice requires liver injury and is reversed by loss of AKT2.</a> Gastroenterology. 139, 2170-2182 (2010).</li><li>Ding, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Epithelial-to-mesenchymal+transition+of+murine+liver+tumor+cells+promotes+invasion.">Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of murine liver tumor cells promotes invasion.</a> Hepatology. 52, 945-953 (2010).</li></ol>

Dr Rountree reçoit un soutien de recherche de Pharmacie de Bayer. Drs. Ding et Crooks et Mme Dang et Mme VanKirk n&#39;ont aucune divulgation à signaler.

Contrairement au système hématopoïétique, dans lequel les cellules souches hématopoïétiques sont responsables de maintenir un système de différenciation cellulaire qui replacesnormal physiologiques turn-over des leucocytes, des globules rouges et de plaquettes, de cellules souches du foie, ou un adulte les cellules progénitrices du foie, ne participent pas au foie normal homéostasie 5,6. Après une lésion hépatique aiguë ou une hépatectomie partielle, les hépatocytes, l&#39;épithélium du foie différenciées, subissent plusieurs cycles de multiplication pour remplacer la masse du foie a perdu 5,6. Seulement pendant des blessures chroniques sont des cellules souches du foie observées à proliférer. 1,5 -11 Ces adultes, les cellules souches d&#39;organes spécifiques sont proposées pour se différencier en hépatocytes et deux cholangiocytes. 1,5-8 intéressant, la grande majorité des cancers du foie se développe sur fond de blessures chroniques, et donc les cellules souches du foie sont également émis l&#39;hypothèse d&#39;être les précurseurs d&#39;un sous-ensemble de cancer du foie. 2-4,12-17 Un des défis majeurs pour enrayer le travail des cellules dans le foie est l&#39;isolement des populations de cellules rares pour l&#39;analyse fonctionnelle. Par exemple, la grande majorité des cellules dans le foie sont les hépatocytes, qui sont nettement plus grandes que cholangiocytes et autres petits cellules non parenchymateuses. En brisant le foie entier dans des compartiments cellulaires (hépatocytes grands - fraction du parenchyme et des cellules plus petites - non parenchymateuses fraction), et encore la sélection des cellules CD45 négatives (non-cellules hématopoïétiques), nous sommes capables d&#39;enrichir la population de départ de cellules souches par plus de 600 fois. 1,18-21 Fait à noter, nous sommes en aucun cas ce qui indique que la population CD133 + est un 100% de la population de cellules souches pures, mais représente clairement une population hétérogène de cellules, avec la lignée différente et le potentiel de repopulation. Une des principales limites de ce champ est la définition des cellules souches et cellules progénitrices. Nous utilisons les &quot;cellules souches&quot; terme plus largement dans ce travail, mais dans une définition stricte, CD133 + non parenchymateuses cellules représentent une population progénitrices bi-lignée. Étant donné l&#39;état de cellules souches progénitrices et des recherches actuelles dans le foie, ce rapport fournit un point de départ pour les enquêteurs qui sont intéressés dans ce domaine. Comme de nouveaux marqueurs émergent, tels que EpCAM, 22,23 ou des facteurs de transcription, tels que Sox9, 24 ils peuvent être incorporés. Par exemple, nous avons trouvé un taux assez élevé de chevauchement entre les cellules EpCAM + et CD133 + cellules. Dans ce rapport, nous détaillons un processus d&#39;isolement de cellules souches du foie murin normale ainsi que les modèles des lésions hépatiques chroniques, qui démontrent une prolifération accrue des cellules du foie souches. Cette méthode a des avantages évidents sur immunohistochimie standard de foie congelé ou fixé au formol que des études fonctionnelles utilisant des cellules vivantes peut être effectuée après l&#39;isolement. 1,3,4 L&#39;objectif spécifique de ce processus consiste à isoler une population relativement pure de cellules souches du foie qui peut être élargi par clonage in vitro. La principale limitation de cette procédure est que la majorité des cellules isolées ne sera pas viable après la cytométrie de flux (voir la section Dépannage). Ceci est le résultat des heures requises pour préparer les cellules, et les nombreuses procédures nécessaires pour affiner la population avant l&#39;isolement. Si le foie est digéré en suspension seule cellule d&#39;analyse FACS immédiat, la différence de taille entre les hépatocytes et d&#39;autres cellules non parenchymateuses se rendre effective la création porte FACS impossible. Si le foie non parenchymateuses cellules sont utilisées, sans élimination des cellules hématopoïétiques, il ya un risque qu&#39;un nombre significatif de cellules CD133 + peut être d&#39;origine hématopoïétique peut contaminer la fraction. Par ailleurs, en traitant les cellules à travers le filtre Miltenyi, seulement des cellules individuelles et des grappes très petit nombre de cellules sont collectées. Cela garantit que l&#39;échantillon ne sera pas obstruer l&#39;aiguille d&#39;admission par FACS. Alternatives pour cette procédure incluent la modification de tout marqueur de surface cellulaire de remplacement, comme CD49f, EpCAM, ou une combinaison de marqueurs, tels que CD133 + + EpCAM Un deuxième rapport publié utilise un gradient de densité afin d&#39;isoler les cellules souches du foie d&#39;une fraction non parenchymateuses. Cette procédure nécessite une centrifugeuse ultra-(8000 xg), ajoute beaucoup de temps à la procédure, et dans notre expérience, a réduit significativement le rendement de pré-FACS cellulaires et post-FACS viabilité. 8 Les expériences futures incluent une gamme plus large de l&#39;analyse d&#39;expression génique, y compris les gènes du foie fœtal, tels que HNF3, HNF4α, et plus αfp.In, analyse Western blot et immunocytochimie des protéines exprimées peut être utilisée pour confirmer les résultats de RT-PCR de cellules en culture. Une question à noter est que les travaux récents identifié CD133 expression sur les cellules étoilées du foie. 25 Nous avons maintenant un dépistage systématique de nos échantillons pour les marqueurs des cellules étoilées (voir section Dépannage), et n&#39;ont pas d&#39;identitéentified contamination importante dans nos fractions. Ceci peut être lié à différentes techniques de la digestion du foie et de l&#39;isolement cellulaire. 2,3,26 Basé sur le fait que la majorité des cellules ne sera pas viable immédiatement après l&#39;isolement FACS, nous recommandons que les cellules soient plaqués, soit en vrac CD133 + des cellules ou des cellules isolées, avant de l&#39;utiliser chez les animaux. 5-7 jours in vitro de manière significative à améliorer les résultats de l&#39;analyse de la tumeur. En outre, étant donné les rigueurs de l&#39;isolement cellulaire unique, cela ne devrait être effectuée une fois les colonies peuvent être étendues à partir CD133 + en vrac des cellules isolées. Une discussion plus approfondie des conditions de culture différentes et des protéines d&#39;échafaudage qui peuvent être utilisées pour endiguer le foie et les cellules progénitrices de la culture a été bien caractérisé par Lola Reid. Ce travail offre des conditions alternatives et des modifications qui les enquêteurs peuvent intégrer dans leur programme de recherche une fois que les techniques d&#39;isolation de base sont maîtrisées. 27,28 Dr Travaux de Reid fournit également une analyse plus détaillée de la biologie et de la lignée de maturation entre les cellules souches et de progéniteurs hépatiques commis. En termes de l&#39;analyse des tumeurs in vivo, nous avons eu du succès en utilisant cellules fraîchement isolées et des cellules de clonage élargi CD133 + cellules in vitro, utilisant principalement 1x10 6 cellules. Nous avons concentré les souches génétiques ontwo de lésion hépatique chronique, l&#39;MAT1a - / - et PTEN spécifique du foie - / - souris, et nous avons utilisé deux souris nude et souris de type sauvage comme hôtes pour la croissance tumorale. Dans notre expérience, les cellules CD133 + tige du foie ne forment des tumeurs si elles sont isolées à partir des modèles des lésions hépatiques importantes qui sont pré-malignes. Notez que les tumeurs formées à partir des cellules CD133 + ont en général un carcinome hépatocellulaire et des fonctionnalités à la fois le cholangiocarcinome, suggérant une cellule souche ou d&#39;origine de cellules progénitrices de la tumeur. 2-4,29 Le travail de suivi après les tumeurs sont documentés comporte en standard d&#39;analyse pathologique des tissus tumoraux (coloration H &amp; E) et la coloration immunohistochimique. En outre, les tumeurs peuvent être hachée et digérées pour l&#39;analyse de FACS ou re-culture. 2-4,30 En conclusion, nous avons une procédure détaillée pour l&#39;isolement, l&#39;expansion et la caractérisation de base des cellules CD133 + souches hépatiques et CD133 + cellules souches cancéreuses. Dépannage: CD45 contamination: Pour l&#39;étape 3, s&#39;il ya contamination du CD45 des cellules +, qui peut être évaluée par l&#39;ajout d&#39;un Ab CD45-FITC avant analyse FACS et l&#39;isolement, vérifiez que l&#39;anticorps CD45 microbille n&#39;est pas expiré et que le filtrat a été recueilli seulement pendant que la filtre a été dans le support magnétique. Toute filtrat recueilli alors que le filtre n&#39;est pas dans le support magnétique contient des cellules CD45 +. Faible nombre de cellules: Pour le foie indemne, le nombre total de cellules CD133 + non parenchymateuses isolées peut être inférieur à 10 000. Ces cellules sont rares dans le foie au repos. Pour un modèle de blessures chroniques, comme le régime alimentaire CDD de 0,1%, le nombre va augmenter fortement à 100 000 cellules. Si le nombre total de cellules est nettement inférieur à ces chiffres, une question à considérer est la coloration FACS Ab. Vérifiez que le CD133 Ab n&#39;est pas expiré, que la coloration pauvres se traduira par un faible rendement. Aussi, nous vous recommandons d&#39;effectuer une analyse FACS de foie non parenchymateuses cellules pour déterminer la population relative avant l&#39;isolement FACS tentant. La viabilité des cellules après la Basse FACS: Un des problèmes de viabilité peut être liée à la façon dont les cellules sont traitées et sur quelle période. Idéalement, la procédure d&#39;isolement cellule entière, les étapes 1-4, doit être menée sans délais entre les étapes et terminé dans la même journée. Tout retard important entre les étapes 1-4 de réduire considérablement la viabilité cellulaire. Une deuxième question liée à la viabilité des cellules peut être liée à la pression gaine utilisée pour l&#39;isolation par FACS. Nous vous recommandons d&#39;utiliser une pression inférieure de la gaine. Enfin, une fois les cellules sont isolées, elles doivent être immédiatement plaquée, comme tout système de stockage important sur la glace après le tri permettra également de réduire la viabilité. CD133 + non parenchymateuses hétérogénéité: Des rapports récents indiquent que les cellules étoilées du foie peuvent aussi avoir CD133 expression et avoir une certaine plasticité. 25 Par conséquent, en plus de vérifier la puissance bi-gènes avec l&#39;albumine et de Krt19, une vérification supplémentaire peut inclure les gènes associés avec des cellules étoilées, comme fibrillaire gliale acide en protéines cellules étoilées de repos et l&#39;actine musculaire lisse alpha-et la desmine dans les cellules étoilées activées. 3,4,26 En outre, la population CD133 + représente une population plus large progénitrices. L&#39;ajout d&#39;un deuxième marqueur, comme EpCAM, peut aider à affiner davantage la population, et l&#39;hétérogénéité limite.

<table border="1"><tbody><tr><th> Nom du réactif </th><th> Société </th><th> Numéro de catalogue </th><th> Commentaires (optionnel) </th></tr><tr><td> DMEM: F12 </td><td> Invitrogen </td><td> 10565-018 </td><td> Avec le rouge de phénol </td></tr><tr><td> CD45 microbilles </td><td> Miltenyi </td><td> 130-052-301 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Facteur de croissance des hépatocytes </td><td> Sigma </td><td> H1404 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Facteur de croissance épidermique </td><td> Sigma </td><td> E4127 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> DNase </td><td> Sigma </td><td> DN25 </td><td> 1 gramme </td></tr><tr><td> Collagénase D </td><td> Roche </td><td> 1088874 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Pronase </td><td> Roche </td><td> 0165921 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 70 microns mailles </td><td> Fisher </td><td> 352350 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Omniscript RT </td><td> Quaigen </td><td> 205111 </td><td> 50 réactions </td></tr><tr><td> HotStarTaq </td><td> Quaigen </td><td> 203203 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Miltenyi LD colonne </td><td> Miltenyi </td><td> 130-042-901 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> CD133-PE FACS Ab </td><td> eBioscience </td><td> 12-1331-82 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Plaques laminine revêtement </td><td> BD </td><td> 354410 </td><td> 96 puits </td></tr><tr><td> Trypsine 0,05% EDTA </td><td> Invitrogen </td><td> 25300-354 </td><td> 100 ml </td></tr><tr><td> Kit RNeasy Micro </td><td> Quaigen </td><td> 74004 </td><td> 50 colonnes pour les 5x10 5 cellules ou moins </td></tr><tr><td> Pharm Lyse </td><td> BD </td><td> 555899 </td><td> Concentration 10X </td></tr></tbody></table>

isolation of cd133+ liver stem cells for clonal expansion

Cellules souches du foie, ou des cellules ovales, prolifèrent au cours des lésions hépatiques chroniques, et sont proposés à se différencier en hépatocytes et deux cholangiocytes. En outre, les cellules souches du foie sont suppose être les précurseurs d&#39;un sous-ensemble de cancer du foie, le carcinome hépatocellulaire. Un des défis principaux pour enrayer le travail des cellules dans tous les organes solides comme le foie est l&#39;isolement d&#39;une population rare de cellules pour une analyse détaillée. Par exemple, la grande majorité des cellules dans le foie sont les hépatocytes (fraction du parenchyme), qui sont nettement plus grandes que les cellules non parenchymateuses. En enrichissant les compartiments cellulaires spécifiques du foie (c.-parenchymateuses et non parenchymateuses fractions), et en sélectionnant les cellules pour CD45 négatives, nous sommes en mesure d&#39;enrichir la population de départ des cellules souches par plus de 600 fold.The proceduresdetailed dans ce rapport permettent de une population relativement rare de cellules d&#39;un organe solide à trier efficacement. Ce processus peut être utilisé pour les cellules souches du foie murin isolateliver normale ainsi que les modèles des lésions hépatiques chroniques, qui démontrent la prolifération accrue des cellules du foie souches. Cette méthode a des avantages évidents sur immunohistochimie standard de foie congelé ou fixé au formol que des études fonctionnelles utilisant des cellules vivantes peut être effectuée après la première co-localisation des expériences. Pour accomplir la procédure décrite dans ce rapport, une relation de travail avec une recherche basée cytométrie de flux de base est fortement encouragée que les détails de l&#39;isolement FACS sont fortement tributaires des instruments spécialisés et d&#39;une solide connaissance pratique de base cytométrie en flux des procédures. L&#39;objectif spécifique de ce processus consiste à isoler une population de cellules souches du foie qui peut être élargi par clonage in vitro.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Isolation of CD133+ Liver Stem Cells for Clonal Expansion at JoVE.com

Isolation of CD133+ Liver Stem Cells for Clonal Expansion

Nous décrivons ici l&#39;isolement des cellules souches CD133 exprimer foie et les cellules souches du cancer du foie murin ensemble, un processus qui nécessite la digestion des tissus, l&#39;enrichissement des cellules, et l&#39;isolement de cytométrie en flux. Nous incluent des méthodes pour l&#39;isolement cellulaire de pointe unique et l&#39;expansion clonale.

Isolement des cellules CD133 + Foie souches pour l&#39;expansion clonale

Liver stem cell, or oval cells, proliferate during chronic liver injury, and are proposed to differentiate into both hepatocytes and cholangiocytes. In ...

isolation-of-cd133-liver-stem-cells-for-clonal-expansion

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

22.3K vues.  Pennsylvania State College of Medicine. Nous décrivons ici l'isolement des cellules souches CD133 exprimer foie et les cellules souches du cancer du foie murin ensemble, un processus qui nécessite la digestion des tissus, l'enrichissement des cellules, et l'isolement de cytométrie en flux. Nous incluent des méthodes pour l'isolement cellulaire de pointe unique et l'expansion clonale.

Vidéo: Isolation of CD133+ Liver Stem Cells for Clonal Expansion

Isolation and Transplantation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSCs)

Isolation and Transplantation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells HSCs

I am Christina Ceso. I am a postdoc in David's Den lab and I work on the hematopoietic stem cells. Today we are going to purify long-term recuperating hematopoietic stem cells and we'll transplant them into a mouse.We start by spraying the mice with alcohol so that first of all, the mind starts sterilized and also the hair doesn't interfere with the dissection. We use PBS with 2%serum for the dissection. I cut the back skin and I pull the skin apart in order to expose the tissue.In order to isolate the tibia, I hold the tibia with tweezers. I cut the tendon on top of the knee and I cut the muscles below the knee and after that I cut through the knee so that the TBI is not connected to the rest of the limb anymore and I pull in order to isolate it. I then hold the TB upside down and with the scissors I separate the foot from the tibia In order to obtain the femur.I cut the muscles around the femur and then I dislocate the femur from the hip. In order to isolate the hip, I cut the muscle around the hip bone on the side of the tail of the mouse and then I pull the hip away from the body of the mouth In order to isolate the spine. I cut through the tail as close as I can to the beginning of the back and then I cut on the two sides of the spine and below the spine, trying to stay as close as possible to the spine so that the peritoneum is not cut and the intestine is left untouched.A first round of cleaning of the bones is done with a scalpel, which is used to scrape the bone, the muscles away from the bone. The scalpel is good to clean the femurs, the hip and the spine. In order to clean the tibia, I hold them with forceps and I use the forceps to remove as much tissue as possible.A second round of cleaning is done using clean wipe to completely clean the bones outta the muscle, and I use the F wipe to clean the tibia, the femurs and the hips. So this is how bones look. After cleaning, I prefer 50 amount tubes with filters on top and I transfer the bones into the mortar.I add the section media and I crush the bones ask of the first round of crashing of the bones. I piped the mixture in order to release as many styles as possible into solution and reduce clumps. I transferred the mixture on the tubes through the filters and this is what the bone fragments look like after the first round of crushing.So I add more dissection medium to the bone fragments and I flash them again. I transferred the seline mixture to the tubes through the filters and at this point the remaining bone fragments are white and there is no bone marrow left. The tubes are filled with PBS 2%serum and in order to have them all with the same weight so that they're balanced in the centrifuge, but also in order to wash the filters so that we obtain as many cells as possible, I then centrifuge the cell mixture and after centrifugation, the palt includes the bone marrow cells.I aspirate the medium and I move back and forward the tube on the rack so that the pelle is becomes loose and fewer clamps are formed. When I add medium, at this point I add one ml of medium per tube and I ics since I'm sorting hematopoietic stem cells. Later on, I'm going to store an ALI output of total bone marrow sizes at this point, which I will use later for the fact single color control.I add lineage antibody cocktail. I ordered the samples to mix them well and I invaded four degrees for 15 minutes. In the meantime, I start preparing the columns for the lineage division.I put the columns on the magnet and I prepare Ian tubes under the columns. I also prepared the gas PBS using aster flip filter and attaching it to the vacuum so that all the bubbles of air move in the top part of the filter. I then add three ml of the gas DBS to each column in order for the column to become wet.After the incubation with the antibodies, I add medium to the cell samples and I centrifuge them in order to remove the excess of antibodies. After the centrifugation, the stain cells are in the pallet. I aspirate the medium and I suspend the pallet in one mile of the gas PBSI Add the strip tab beans, I mix the cells and I incubate for 15 minutes at four degrees.After the incubation, I put new elucian tubes under the columns. I add two ml of PBS to each tube with the cells and I transferred the cell mixture to the column through a 40 micron filter. I wash the tubes with more medium in order to collect all the cells remaining and I apply the remaining medium through the filters to the columns.The progenitor cells lineage low are alluded into the collection views. I pulled the luted samples and I sent tofu them. So after the centrifugation, the depleted cells are in a white pate.I aspirate the medium and re suspend the cells. I store an adequate of the depleted cells and I add the antibodies to the cell mixture for the sorting and also to all the single color controls. The antibodies are incubated in that with the size for 15 minutes in the fridge.After the ation, I add medium to the cells and and centrifuge them to remove the ex excess of antibodies. After the centrifugation, the cells are in the pt, I aspirate the media that I suspend the cells and I transfer the cells into fox tubes with a blue filter. At this point, the cells are ready to be sorted.I place, I place the mouse under a heating lamp for a few minutes so that the veins dilate and they are more easily seen. When preparing the syringe, you have to be careful to eliminate all the bubbles from the, the mixture that is in the syringe and then you bend the needle at 90 degrees. I put the mouse under a glass cup with a weight on top so that it can run away.I sterilize the tail with the alcohol pad so that the site of injection is sterile, but also it's easier to identify the vein. If you look at the tail of the mouse from the top in the middle and top of the tail, there is an artery while on the two sides there are the two veins and we inject the cells in one of the two veins. I insert the needle into the vein and I inject following injection.It is to wait for a couple of seconds before removing the needle, the needle, and after that I clean the side of injection. This is a representation of the syringe with the ben needle bent at 90 degrees with the knee, the at this ankle compared to the tail, which makes the injection the easiest. When you injecting the tail of the mouse, you have to keep in mind that the tail vein is extremely superficial, so really this is the orientation of the needle compared to the tail.And it looks like you will just keep sliding on top of the tail, but actually you will get into the tail then. I am Christina Ceso. I am a post in David Kaden lab, and I work on the hematopoietic stem cells.I usually use for animals to start with, and I had more variability at the beginning, but once you become consistent with your methods, I consistently get about 50, 000 to 60, 000 stem cells out for mice. I did my PhD in London with Dr.Fiona Wat working on derma stem cells. After that, I just wanted to have a wider knowledge of adult stem cells in various tissues, and so I decided to move to David Kaden lab to work on hematopoietic stem cells, mainly because the things that are known about hematopoietic stem cells are the things that are not known for the epidermic stem cells and a number of assays that can be done with epi.Epidermal stem cells are not really done yet with the hematopoietic stem cells, and so at this point I'm trying to put together the, the knowledge from the two different fields and ultimately I'm interested in the study of the mechanism to regulate adult tissue sensors in general, so not just the epidermis or the stem cells, but also different tissues because there are, there are similar mechanism that is, it's always the same genes that are involved in the regulation that just interact with each other in different ways, and it's just interesting to understand what makes each stem cell be a stem, but then ultimately a stem cell in a different tissue. So giving rise to a different protein.

L&#39;isolement et la transplantation de cellules souches hématopoïétiques (CSH)

Recherche

Biologie

Isolation and Large Scale Expansion of Adult Human Endothelial Colony Forming Progenitor Cells

This paper introduces a novel recovery strategy for endothelial colony forming progenitor cells (ECFCs) from heparinized but otherwise unmanipulated adult human peripheral blood within a mean of 12 days. After large scale expansion &gt;1x108 ECFCs can be obtained for further tests. Advantageously by using pHPL the contact of human cells with bovine serum antigens can be excluded. By flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry the isolated cells can be characterized as ECFC and their in vitro functionality to form vascular like structures can be tested in a matrigel assay. Further these cells can be subcutaneously injected in a mouse model to form functional, perfused vessels in vivo. After long term expansion and cryopreservation proliferation, function and genomic stability appear to be preserved. 3,4
This animal-protein free isolation and expansion method is easily applicable to generate a large quantity of ECFCs.

Endothelial colony forming progenitor cells (ECFCs) are a promising tool to study vascular homeostasis and repair.1,2 This paper introduces a novel animal-serum free method for isolation and expansion of ECFC from heparinised adult human peripheral blood with pooled human platelet lysate (pHPL) diminishing the risk of anti-bovine immunisation.

L&#39;isolement et expansion à grande échelle des cellules adultes humaines Colony Forming progénitrices endothéliales

This paper introduces a novel recovery strategy for endothelial colony forming progenitor cells (ECFCs) from heparinized but otherwise unmanipulated adult ...

Isolation and Animal Serum Free Expansion of Human Umbilical Cord Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs) and Endothelial Colony Forming Progenitor Cells (ECFCs)

The umbilical cord is a rich source for progenitor cells with high proliferative potential including mesenchymal stromal cells (also termed mesenchymal stem cells, MSCs) and endothelial colony forming progenitor cells (ECFCs). Both cell types are key players in maintaining the integrity of tissue and are probably also involved in regenerative processes and tumor formation.
To study their biology and function in a comparative manner it is important to have both cells types available from the same donor. It may also be beneficial for regenerative purposes to derive MSCs and ECFCs from the same tissue.
Because cellular therapeutics should eventually find their way from bench to bedside we established a new method to isolate and further expand progenitor cells without the use of animal protein. Pooled human platelet lysate (pHPL) replaced fetal bovine serum in all steps of our protocol to completely avoid contact of the cells to xenogeneic proteins.
This video demonstrates a methodology for the isolation and expansion of progenitor cells from one umbilical cord.
All materials and procedures will be described.

Isolation and Animal Serum Free Expansion of Human Umbilical Cord Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells MSCs and Endothelial Colony Forming Progenitor Cells ECFCs

This protocol describes the isolation and subsequent expansion of mesenchymal stromal cells and endothelial colony forming cells without the use of animal serum to generate autologous pairs for experimental transplantation purposes.

Isolement et animale expansion sans sérum du cordon ombilical humain dérivé cellules stromales mésenchymateuses (CSM) et des cellules endothéliales progénitrices Colony Forming (CPEF)

The umbilical cord is a rich source for progenitor cells with high proliferative potential including mesenchymal stromal cells (also termed mesenchymal ...

Isolation and Derivation of Mouse Embryonic Germinal Cells

The ability of embryonic germinal cells (EG) to differentiate into primordial germinal cells (PGCs) and later into gametes during early developmental stages is a perfect model to address our hypothesis about cancer and infertility. This protocol shows how to isolate primordial germinal cells from developing gonads in 10.5-11.5 days post coitum (dpc) mouse embryos.  Developing gonadal ridges from mouse embryos (C57BL6J) were dissociated by mechanical disruption with collagenase, then plated in a mouse embryo fibroblast feeder layer (MEF-CF1) that was previously mitotically inactivated with mitomycin C in the presence of knockout media and supplemented with Leukemia Inhibitor Factor (LIF), basic Fibroblast Growth Factor (bFGF), and Stem Cell Factor (SCF).  Using these optimized methods for PCG identification, isolation, and establishment of culture conditions permits long term cultures of EG cells for more than 40 days.  The embryonic germinal cell lines showed embryonic phenotype and expression of common used markers of the pluripotent state.  Isolation and derivation of germinal cells in culture provide a tool to understand their development in vitro and offer the opportunity to monitor cumulative damage at genetic and epigenetic levels after exposure to oxidative stress.

The ability of embryonic germinal cells to differentiate into primordial germinal cells during early development stages is a perfect model to address our hypothesis about cancer and infertility. This protocol shows how to isolate primordial germinal cells from developing gonads in 10.5-11.5 days post coitum mouse embryos.

L&#39;isolement et la dérivation de cellules germinales embryonnaires de souris

The ability of embryonic germinal cells (EG) to differentiate into primordial germinal cells (PGCs) and later into gametes during early developmental ...

Isolation of Mouse Salivary Gland Stem Cells

Mature salivary glands of both human and mouse origin comprise a minimum of five cell types, each of which facilitates the production and excretion of saliva into the oral cavity. Serous and mucous acinar cells are the protein and mucous producing factories of the gland respectively, and represent the origin of saliva production. Once synthesised, the various enzymatic and other proteinaceous components of saliva are secreted through a series of ductal cells bearing epithelial-type morphology, until the eventual expulsion of the saliva through one major duct into the cavity of the mouth. The composition of saliva is also modified by the ductal cells during this process.
In the manifestation of diseases such as Sj&ouml;gren's syndrome, and in some clinical situations such as radiotherapy treatment for head and neck cancers, saliva production by the glands is dramatically reduced 1,2. The resulting xerostomia, a subjective feeling of dry mouth, affects not only the ability of the patient to swallow and speak, but also encourages the development of dental caries and can be socially debilitating for the sufferer.
The restoration of saliva production in the above-mentioned clinical conditions therefore represents an unmet clinical need, and as such several studies have demonstrated the regenerative capacity of the salivary glands 3-5. Further to the isolation of stem cell-like populations of cells from various tissues within the mouse and human bodies 6-8, we have shown using the described method that stem cells isolated from mouse salivary glands can be used to rescue saliva production in irradiated salivary glands 9,10. This discovery paves the way for the development of stem cell-based therapies for the treatment of xerostomic conditions in humans, and also for the exploration of the salivary gland as a microenvironment containing cells with multipotent self-renewing capabilities.

An optimized protocol for the isolation of stem cells from the mouse salivary gland is described. The method employs enzymatic and mechanical digestion, and permits isolation of salispheres containing cells with characteristics of stem cells.

L&#39;isolement des cellules souches de la souris salivaires Gland

Mature salivary glands of both human and mouse origin comprise a minimum of five cell types, each of which facilitates the production and excretion of ...

Isolation and Culture of Individual Myofibers and their Satellite Cells from Adult Skeletal Muscle

Muscle regeneration in the adult is performed by resident stem cells called satellite cells. Satellite cells are defined by their position between the basal lamina and the sarcolemma of each myofiber. Current knowledge of their behavior heavily relies on the use of the single myofiber isolation protocol. In 1985, Bischoff described a protocol to isolate single live fibers from the Flexor Digitorum Brevis (FDB) of adult rats with the goal to create an in vitro system in which the physical association between the myofiber and its stem cells is preserved 1. In 1995, Rosenblattmodified the Bischoff protocol such that myofibers are singly picked and handled separately after collagenase digestion instead of being isolated by gravity sedimentation 2, 3. The Rosenblatt or Bischoff protocol has since been adapted to different muscles, age or conditions 3-6. The single myofiber isolation technique is an indispensable tool due its unique advantages. First, in the single myofiber protocol, satellite cells are maintained beneath the basal lamina. This is a unique feature of the protocol as other techniques such as Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting require chemical and mechanical tissue dissociation 7. Although the myofiber culture system cannot substitute for in vivo studies, it does offer an excellent platform to address relevant biological properties of muscle stem cells. Single myofibers can be cultured in standard plating conditions or in floating conditions. Satellite cells on floating myofibers are subjected to virtually no other influence than the myofiber environment. Substrate stiffness and coating have been shown to influence satellite cells' ability to regenerate muscles 8, 9 so being able to control each of these factors independently allows discrimination between niche-dependent and -independent responses. Different concentrations of serum have also been shown to have an effect on the transition from quiescence to activation. To preserve the quiescence state of its associated satellite cells, fibers should be kept in low serum medium 1-3. This is particularly useful when studying genes involved in the quiescence state. In serum rich medium, satellite cells quickly activate, proliferate, migrate and differentiate, thus mimicking the in vivo regenerative process 1-3. The system can be used to perform a variety of assays such as the testing of chemical inhibitors; ectopic expression of genes by virus delivery; oligonucleotide based gene knock-down or live imaging. This video article describes the protocol currently used in our laboratory to isolate single myofibers from the Extensor Digitorum Longus (EDL) muscle of adult mice (6-8 weeks old).

Isolation and culture of myofibers is the gold standard in vitro system to study the transition of satellite cells through quiescence, activation and differentiation. Importantly, the single myofiber culture system preserves the myofiber/stem cell association, which is an essential component of the muscle stem cell niche.

Isolement et culture des fibres musculaires individuelles et de leurs cellules satellites du muscle squelettique adulte

Muscle  regeneration in the adult is performed by resident stem cells called satellite  cells. Satellite cells are defined by  their position between the ...

Na&iuml;ve Adult Stem Cells Isolation from Primary Human Fibroblast Cultures

Over the last decade, several adult stem cell populations have been identified in human skin 1-4. The isolation of multipotent adult dermal precursors was first reported by Miller F. D laboratory 5, 6. These early studies described a multipotent precursor cell population from adult mammalian dermis 5. These cells--termed SKPs, for skin-derived precursors-- were isolated and expanded from rodent and human skin and differentiated into both neural and mesodermal progeny, including cell types never found in skin, such as neurons 5. Immunocytochemical studies on cultured SKPs revealed that cells expressed vimentin and nestin, an intermediate filament protein expressed in neural and skeletal muscle precursors, in addition to fibronectin and multipotent stem cell markers 6. Until now, the adult stem cells population SKPs have been isolated from freshly collected mammalian skin biopsies.
Recently, we have established and reported that a population of skin derived precursor cells could remain present in primary fibroblast cultures established from skin biopsies 7. The assumption that a few somatic stem cells might reside in primary fibroblast cultures at early population doublings was based upon the following observations: (1) SKPs and primary fibroblast cultures are derived from the dermis, and therefore a small number of SKP cells could remain present in primary dermal fibroblast cultures and (2) primary fibroblast cultures grown from frozen aliquots that have been subjected to unfavorable temperature during storage or transfer contained a small number of cells that remained viable 7. These rare cells were able to expand and could be passaged several times. This observation suggested that a small number of cells with high proliferation potency and resistance to stress were present in human fibroblast cultures 7.
We took advantage of these findings to establish a protocol for rapid isolation of adult stem cells from primary fibroblast cultures that are readily available from tissue banks around the world (Figure 1). This method has important significance as it allows the isolation of precursor cells when skin samples are not accessible while fibroblast cultures may be available from tissue banks, thus, opening new opportunities to dissect the molecular mechanisms underlying rare genetic diseases as well as modeling diseases in a dish.

Na&amp;#239;ve Adult Stem Cells Isolation from Primary Human Fibroblast Cultures

We report a method to isolate na&#239;ve multipotent skin-derived precursor (SKP) cells from primary human fibroblast cultures. We show that these SKPs derived from fibroblast cultures share similar stem cell properties to the ones derived directly from human skin biopsies. These cells express the neural crest marker, nestin, in addition to the multipotent markers such as OCT4 and Nanog.

Naïve cellules souches adultes Isolation de cultures de fibroblastes humains primaires

Over the last decade, several adult stem cell  populations have been identified in human skin 1-4.  The isolation of multipotent adult dermal precursors ...

Induction and Analysis of Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition

Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is essential for proper morphogenesis during development. Misregulation of this process has been implicated as a key event in fibrosis and the progression of carcinomas to a metastatic state. Understanding the processes that underlie EMT is imperative for the early diagnosis and clinical control of these disease states. Reliable induction of EMT in vitro is a useful tool for drug discovery as well as to identify common gene expression signatures for diagnostic purposes. Here we demonstrate a straightforward method for the induction of EMT in a variety of cell types. Methods for the analysis of cells pre- and post-EMT induction by immunocytochemistry are also included. Additionally, we demonstrate the effectiveness of this method through antibody-based array analysis and migration/invasion assays.

A straightforward method is described for the induction of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in a variety of cell types. Methods for the analysis of cells in EMT states by immunocytochemistry are included.

Induction et analyse des épithéliale à mésenchymateuses transition

Epithelial  to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is essential for proper morphogenesis during  development. Misregulation of this  process has been implicated ...

Isolation, Culture, and Transplantation of Muscle Satellite Cells

Muscle satellite cells are a stem cell population required for postnatal skeletal muscle development and regeneration, accounting for 2-5% of sublaminal nuclei in muscle fibers. In adult muscle, satellite cells are normally mitotically quiescent. Following injury, however, satellite cells initiate cellular proliferation to produce myoblasts, their progenies, to mediate the regeneration of muscle. Transplantation of satellite cell-derived myoblasts has been widely studied as a possible therapy for several regenerative diseases including muscular dystrophy, heart failure, and urological dysfunction. Myoblast transplantation into dystrophic skeletal muscle, infarcted heart, and dysfunctioning urinary ducts has shown that engrafted myoblasts can differentiate into muscle fibers in the host tissues and display partial functional improvement in these diseases. Therefore, the development of efficient purification methods of quiescent satellite cells from skeletal muscle, as well as the establishment of satellite cell-derived myoblast cultures and transplantation methods for myoblasts, are essential for understanding the molecular mechanisms behind satellite cell self-renewal, activation, and differentiation. Additionally, the development of cell-based therapies for muscular dystrophy and other regenerative diseases are also dependent upon these factors.

However, current prospective purification methods of quiescent satellite cells require the use of expensive fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) machines. Here, we present a new method for the rapid, economical, and reliable purification of quiescent satellite cells from adult mouse skeletal muscle by enzymatic dissociation followed by magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS). Following isolation of pure quiescent satellite cells, these cells can be cultured to obtain large numbers of myoblasts after several passages. These freshly isolated quiescent satellite cells or ex vivo expanded myoblasts can be transplanted into cardiotoxin (CTX)-induced regenerating mouse skeletal muscle to examine the contribution of donor-derived cells to regenerating muscle fibers, as well as to satellite cell compartments for the examination of self-renewal activities.

The isolation and culture of a pure population of quiescent satellite cells, a muscle stem cell population, is essential to the understanding of muscle stem cell biology and regeneration, as well as stem cell transplantation for therapies in muscular dystrophy and other degenerative diseases.&#160;

L&#39;isolement, la culture, et la transplantation de cellules satellites du muscle

Muscle satellite cells are a stem cell population required for postnatal skeletal muscle development and regeneration, accounting for 2-5% of sublaminal ...

Protocol for Isolation of Primary Human Hepatocytes and Corresponding Major Populations of Non-parenchymal Liver Cells

Beside parenchymal hepatocytes, the liver consists of non-parenchymal cells (NPC) namely Kupffer cells (KC), liver endothelial cells (LEC) and hepatic Stellate cells (HSC). Two-dimensional (2D) culture of primary human hepatocyte (PHH) is still considered as the &#34;gold standard&#34; for in vitro testing of drug metabolism and hepatotoxicity. It is well-known that the 2D monoculture of PHH suffers from dedifferentiation and loss of function. Recently it was shown that hepatic NPC play a central role in liver (patho-) physiology and the maintenance of PHH functions. Current research focuses on the reconstruction of in vivo tissue architecture by 3D- and co-culture models to overcome the limitations of 2D monocultures. Previously we published a method to isolate human liver cells and investigated the suitability of these cells for their use in cell cultures in Experimental Biology and Medicine1. Based on the broad interest in this technique the aim of this article was to provide a more detailed protocol for the liver cell isolation process including a video, which will allow an easy reproduction of this technique.
Human liver cells were isolated from human liver tissue samples of surgical interventions by a two-step EGTA/collagenase P perfusion technique. PHH were separated from the NPC by an initial centrifugation at 50 x g. Density gradient centrifugation steps were used for removal of dead cells. Individual liver cell populations were isolated from the enriched NPC fraction using specific cell properties and cell sorting procedures. Beside the PHH isolation we were able to separate KC, LEC and HSC for further cultivation.
Taken together, the presented protocol allows the isolation of PHH and NPC in high quality and quantity from one donor tissue sample. The access to purified liver cell populations could allow the creation of in vivo like human liver models.

A technique to isolate human hepatocytes and non-parenchymal liver cells from the same donor is described. The different liver cell types build the basis for functional liver models and tissue engineering. This new method aims to isolate liver cells in a high yield and viability.

Protocole pour l&#39;isolement des hépatocytes humains primaires et correspondant Principales populations de cellules hépatiques non parenchymateuses

Beside parenchymal hepatocytes, the liver consists of non-parenchymal cells (NPC) namely Kupffer cells (KC), liver endothelial cells (LEC) and hepatic ...