אנא לצפות בקטעי וידאו הקשורים זכאי <a href="http://jove.com/index/details.stp?ID=718" target="_blank">עקרונות ספציפיות לאתר טכנולוגיה (SSR) recombinase</a> ו <a href="http://jove.com/index/details.stp?ID=791" target="_blank">אבולוציה מולקולרית של recombinase Tre</a> לקבלת מידע נוסף על רקומבינציה אתר ספציפי והנדסה באתר, סגוליות של אנזימים recombinase.

The authors have nothing to disclose.

interview: hiv-1 proviral dna excision using an evolved recombinase

HIV-1 משתלב בכרומוזום המארח של תאים נגועים נמשכת כמו provirus מוקף חוזר מסוף ארוך. אסטרטגיות טיפול מקומי בעיקר יעד אנזימים וירוס או וירוס תאים היתוך, מחזור לדכא את נגיפי חיים בלי להשמיד את הזיהום. מאז provirus משולב אינו ממוקד על ידי גישות אלו, זנים עמידים חדש של HIV-1 עשויים לצוץ. כאן אנו מדווחים כי מהונדסים recombinase Tre (ראה אבולוציה מולקולרית של recombinase Tre, בוכהולץ, פ &#39;, מכון מקס פלאנק Cell Biology וגנטיקה, דרזדן) ביעילות excises DNA משולב HIV-1 proviral מן הגנום של תאים נגועים. הפקנו loxLTR המכיל pseudotypes ויראלי תאים נגועים הלה לבחון האם Tre recombinase יכול הבלו מן provirus הגנום של HIV-1 תאים אנושיים נגועים. החלקיקים משחררים וירוס קו תא שוכפלה ולאחר transfected עם טרה מביע פלסמיד או וקטור עם בקרת הורים. פעילות הייצור recombinase וירוס נוטרו. כל מבחני הפגינו את המחיקה יעיל של provirus מן התאים הנגועים ללא תופעות ציטוטוקסיות גלוי. תוצאות אלו לשמש הוכחה של העיקרון כי ניתן להתפתח recombinase למקד ספציפית LTR HIV-1, וכי recombinase זה מסוגל גוזמות provirus HIV-1 מתוך הגנום של HIV-1-נגועים בתאים אנושיים. לפני recombinase מהונדסים יכול להיכנס לזירה טיפולית, עם זאת, מכשולים משמעותיים צריך להתגבר. בין הנושאים הקריטיים ביותר, כי אנו מתמודדים, הם אספקה ​​יעילה ובטוחה התאים הממוקדים והעדר תופעות לוואי.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Interview: HIV-1 Proviral DNA Excision Using an Evolved Recombinase at JoVE.com

Interview: HIV-1 Proviral DNA Excision Using an Evolved Recombinase

נוכחי HIV-1 אסטרטגיות לפעול כדי לדכא את מחזור החיים של נגיפי אבל לא יעיל למיגור זיהום. כאן, אנו מראים כי recombinase מהונדסים יכולים הבלו ביעילות משולב DNA HIV-1 proviral מן הגנום של תאים נגועים.

ראיון: HIV-1-DNA כריתה Proviral שימוש recombinase התפתח

HIV-1 integrates into the host chromosome of infected cells and persists as a provirus flanked by long terminal repeats. Current treatment strategies ...

interview-hiv-1-proviral-dna-excision-using-an-evolved-recombinase

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11.4K Views.  Heinrich-Pette-Institute for Experimental Virology and Immunology, University of Hamburg. נוכחי HIV-1 אסטרטגיות לפעול כדי לדכא את מחזור החיים של נגיפי אבל לא יעיל למיגור זיהום. כאן, אנו מראים כי recombinase מהונדסים יכולים הבלו ביעילות משולב DNA HIV-1 proviral מן הגנום של תאים נגועים.

Video: Interview: HIV-1 Proviral DNA Excision Using an Evolved Recombinase

Christopher Hughes:  An in vitro model for the Study of Angiogenesis (Interview)

Christopher C.W. Hughes describes the utility of his culture system for studying angiogenesis in vitro.  He explains the importance of fibroblasts that secrete a critical, yet unidentified, soluble factor that allow endothelial cells to form vessels in culture that branch, form proper lumens, and undergo anastamosis.

Christopher Hughes:  An in vitro model for the Study of Angiogenesis Interview

Christopher C.W. Hughes describes the utility of his culture system for studying angiogenesis in vitro. He explains the importance of fibroblasts that secrete a critical, yet unidentified, soluble factor that allow endothelial cells to form vessels in culture that branch, form proper lumens, and undergo anastamosis.

כריסטופר יוז: במודל חוץ גופית לחקר אנגיוגנזה (ראיון)

Christopher C.W. Hughes describes the utility of his culture system for studying angiogenesis in vitro.  He explains the importance of fibroblasts that ...

Investigating the Microbial Community in the Termite Hindgut - Interview

Jared Leadbetter explains why the termite-gut microbial community is an excellent system for studying the complex interactions between microbes.     The symbiotic relationship existing between the host insect and lignocellulose-degrading gut microbes is explained, as well as the industrial uses of these microbes for degrading plant biomass and generating biofuels.

Jared Leadbetter explains why the termite-gut microbial community is an excellent system for studying the complex interactions between microbes. The symbiotic relationship existing between the host insect and lignocellulose-degrading gut microbes is explained, as well as the industrial uses of these microbes for degrading plant biomass and generating biofuels.

חקירת הקהילה חיידקים במעי האחורי הטרמיטים - ראיון

Jared Leadbetter explains why the termite-gut microbial community is an excellent system for studying the complex interactions between microbes.     The ...

Microbial Communities in Nature and Laboratory - Interview

הקהילות מיקרוביאלית בטבע מעבדה - ראיון

Studies of Bacterial Chemotaxis Using Microfluidics - Interview

מחקרים Chemotaxis חיידקית שימוש מיקרופלואידיקה - ראיון

Biology of Microbial Communities  - Interview

ביולוגיה של הקהילות מיקרוביאלית - ראיון

Vibrio cholerae: Model Organism to Study Bacterial Pathogenesis - Interview

Vibrio cholerae: אורגניזם מודל לחקר פתוגנזה חיידקית - ראיון

Principles of Site-Specific Recombinase (SSR) Technology

Site-specific recombinase (SSR) technology allows the manipulation of gene structure to explore gene function and has become an integral tool of molecular biology. Site-specific recombinases are proteins that bind to distinct DNA target sequences. The Cre/lox system was first described in bacteriophages during the 1980's. Cre recombinase is a Type I topoisomerase that catalyzes site-specific recombination of DNA between two loxP (locus of X-over P1) sites. The Cre/lox system does not require any cofactors. LoxP sequences contain distinct binding sites for Cre recombinases that surround a directional core sequence where recombination and rearrangement takes place. When cells contain loxP sites and express the Cre recombinase, a recombination event occurs. Double-stranded DNA is cut at both loxP sites by the Cre recombinase, rearranged, and ligated ("scissors and glue"). Products of the recombination event depend on the relative orientation of the asymmetric sequences.
SSR technology is frequently used as a tool to explore gene function. Here the gene of interest is flanked with Cre target sites loxP ("floxed"). Animals are then crossed with animals expressing the Cre recombinase under the control of a tissue-specific promoter. In tissues that express the Cre recombinase it binds to target sequences and excises the floxed gene. Controlled gene deletion allows the investigation of gene function in specific tissues and at distinct time points. Analysis of gene function employing SSR technology --- conditional mutagenesis -- has significant advantages over traditional knock-outs where gene deletion is frequently lethal.

Principles of Site-Specific Recombinase SSR Technology

The advent of site-specific recombinase (SSR) technology and the Cre/lox system has led to numerous advances in molecular biology, and has proven itself as a valuable tool for assessing gene function in transgenic animals. This interview discusses the mechanism of site specific recombination by Cyclization recombinase (Cre) and how the use of this enzyme has led to the development of conditional mutagenesis, which has significant advantages over traditional knock out strategies.

עקרונות אתר ספציפיות recombinase (SSR) טכנולוגיה

Site-specific recombinase (SSR) technology allows the manipulation of gene structure to explore gene function and has become an integral tool of molecular ...

Interview: Protein Folding and Studies of Neurodegenerative Diseases

In this interview, Dr. Lindquist describes relationships between protein folding, prion diseases and neurodegenerative disorders. The problem of the protein folding is at the core of the modern biology. In addition to their traditional biochemical functions, proteins can mediate transfer of biological information and therefore can be considered a genetic material. This recently discovered function of proteins has important implications for studies of human disorders. Dr. Lindquist also describes current experimental approaches to investigate the mechanism of neurodegenerative diseases based on genetic studies in model organisms.

In this interview, Dr. Lindquist describes relationships between protein folding, prion diseases and neurodegenerative disorders. The problem of the protein folding is at the core of the modern biology. In addition to their traditional biochemical functions, proteins can mediate transfer of biological information and therefore can be considered a genetic material. This recently discovered function of proteins has important implications for studies of human disorders. Dr. Lindquist also describes current experimental approaches to investigate the mechanism of neurodegenerative diseases based on genetic studies in model organisms.

ראיון: קיפול חלבונים ולימודי של מחלות ניווניות

In this interview, Dr. Lindquist describes relationships between protein folding, prion diseases and neurodegenerative disorders. The problem of the ...

Molecular Evolution of the Tre Recombinase

Here we report the generation of Tre recombinase through directed, molecular evolution. Tre recombinase recognizes a pre-defined target sequence within the LTR sequences of the HIV-1 provirus, resulting in the excision and eradication of the provirus from infected human cells. 
We started with Cre, a 38-kDa recombinase, that recognizes a 34-bp double-stranded DNA sequence known as loxP. Because Cre can effectively eliminate genomic sequences, we set out to tailor a recombinase that could remove the sequence between the 5'-LTR and 3'-LTR of an integrated HIV-1 provirus. As a first step we identified sequences within the LTR sites that were similar to loxP and tested for recombination activity. Initially Cre and mutagenized Cre libraries failed to recombine the chosen loxLTR sites of the HIV-1 provirus. As the start of any directed molecular evolution process requires at least residual activity, the original asymmetric loxLTR sequences were split into subsets and tested again for recombination activity. Acting as intermediates, recombination activity was shown with the subsets. Next, recombinase libraries were enriched through reiterative evolution cycles. Subsequently, enriched libraries were shuffled and recombined. The combination of different mutations proved synergistic and recombinases were created that were able to recombine loxLTR1 and loxLTR2. This was evidence that an evolutionary strategy through intermediates can be successful. After a total of 126 evolution cycles individual recombinases were functionally and structurally analyzed. The most active recombinase -- Tre -- had 19 amino acid changes as compared to Cre. Tre recombinase was able to excise the HIV-1 provirus from the genome HIV-1 infected HeLa cells (see "HIV-1 Proviral DNA Excision Using an Evolved Recombinase", Hauber J., Heinrich-Pette-Institute for Experimental Virology and Immunology, Hamburg, Germany). While still in its infancy, directed molecular evolution will allow the creation of custom enzymes that will serve as tools of "molecular surgery" and molecular medicine.

Here we report the generation of Tre recombinase through directed, molecular evolution. Tre recombinase recognizes a pre-defined target sequence within the LTR sequences of the HIV-1 provirus, resulting in the excision and eradication of the provirus from infected human cells. While still in its infancy, directed molecular evolution will allow the creation of custom enzymes that will serve as tools of molecular surgery and molecular medicine.

אבולוציה מולקולרית של recombinase Tre

Here we report the generation of Tre recombinase through directed, molecular evolution. Tre recombinase recognizes a pre-defined target sequence within ...

Direct Observation of Enzymes Replicating DNA Using a Single-molecule DNA Stretching Assay

We describe a method for observing real time replication of individual DNA molecules mediated by proteins of the bacteriophage replication system. Linearized &lambda; DNA is modified to have a biotin on the end of one strand, and a digoxigenin moiety on the other end of the same strand. The biotinylated end is attached to a functionalized glass coverslip and the digoxigeninated end to a small bead. The assembly of these DNA-bead tethers on the surface of a flow cell allows a laminar flow to be applied to exert a drag force on the bead. As a result, the DNA is stretched close to and parallel to the surface of the coverslip at a force that is determined by the flow rate (Figure 1). The length of the DNA is measured by monitoring the position of the bead. Length differences between single- and double-stranded DNA are utilized to obtain real-time information on the activity of the replication proteins at the fork. Measuring the position of the bead allows precise determination of the rates and processivities of DNA unwinding and polymerization (Figure 2).

We describe a method for observing real time replication of individual DNA molecules mediated by proteins of the bacteriophage replication system.