Por favor, veja vídeos relacionados intitulado <a href="http://jove.com/index/details.stp?ID=718" target="_blank">Princípios do site-specific Recombinase Tecnologia (SSR)</a> e <a href="http://jove.com/index/details.stp?ID=791" target="_blank">Evolução Molecular do Recombinase Tre</a> para obter mais informações sobre recombinação sítio-específico e de engenharia do site-especificidade de enzimas recombinase.

The authors have nothing to disclose.

interview: hiv-1 proviral dna excision using an evolved recombinase

HIV-1 se integra ao cromossomo anfitrião de células infectadas e persiste como um provírus flanqueada por repetições terminais longas. Estratégias de tratamento atuais visam principalmente as enzimas do vírus ou vírus de células-fusion, suprimindo o ciclo de vida viral sem erradicar a infecção. Desde o provírus integrado não é visado por essas abordagens, novas cepas resistentes de HIV-1 podem surgir. Aqui, nós relatamos que a engenharia recombinase Tre (ver a evolução molecular do recombinase Tre, Buchholz, F., Instituto Max Planck de Biologia Celular e Genética, Dresden) eficientemente excises integrada DNA proviral do HIV-1 a partir do genoma de células infectadas. Produzimos loxLTR contendo pseudotipos viral e células HeLa infectadas examinar se Tre recombinase pode extirpar o provírus do genoma do HIV-1 células humanas infectadas. Um vírus de linha de células de partículas de liberação foi clonado e transfectadas com um plasmídeo expressando Tre ou com um vector de controlo parental. Atividade recombinase e produção de vírus foram monitorados. Todos os ensaios demonstraram a eliminação eficiente do provírus das células infectadas sem visíveis efeitos citotóxicos. Estes resultados servem como prova de princípio de que é possível evoluir um recombinase visar especificamente uma LTR do HIV-1 e que esta recombinase é capaz de extirpar o provírus HIV-1 a partir do genoma do HIV-1-infected células humanas. Antes de uma recombinase engenharia poderia entrar na arena terapêutica, no entanto, obstáculos significativos precisam ser superados. Entre as questões mais críticas, que enfrentamos, são uma entrega eficiente e segura para células-alvo ea ausência de efeitos colaterais.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Interview: HIV-1 Proviral DNA Excision Using an Evolved Recombinase at JoVE.com

Interview: HIV-1 Proviral DNA Excision Using an Evolved Recombinase

Atuais estratégias de HIV-1 agem para suprimir o ciclo de vida viral, mas não efetivamente erradicar a infecção. Aqui, demonstramos que uma recombinase engenharia podem eficientemente consumo DNA integrado HIV-1 proviral do genoma das células infectadas.

Entrevista: HIV-1 DNA proviral Excisão Usando um Recombinase Evolved

HIV-1 integrates into the host chromosome of infected cells and persists as a provirus flanked by long terminal repeats. Current treatment strategies ...

interview-hiv-1-proviral-dna-excision-using-an-evolved-recombinase

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JoVE Journal

Biology

11.4K visualizações.  Heinrich-Pette-Institute for Experimental Virology and Immunology, University of Hamburg. Atuais estratégias de HIV-1 agem para suprimir o ciclo de vida viral, mas não efetivamente erradicar a infecção. Aqui, demonstramos que uma recombinase engenharia podem eficientemente consumo DNA integrado HIV-1 proviral do genoma das células infectadas.

Vídeo: Interview: HIV-1 Proviral DNA Excision Using an Evolved Recombinase

Christopher Hughes:  An in vitro model for the Study of Angiogenesis (Interview)

Christopher C.W. Hughes describes the utility of his culture system for studying angiogenesis in vitro.  He explains the importance of fibroblasts that secrete a critical, yet unidentified, soluble factor that allow endothelial cells to form vessels in culture that branch, form proper lumens, and undergo anastamosis.

Christopher Hughes:  An in vitro model for the Study of Angiogenesis Interview

Christopher C.W. Hughes describes the utility of his culture system for studying angiogenesis in vitro. He explains the importance of fibroblasts that secrete a critical, yet unidentified, soluble factor that allow endothelial cells to form vessels in culture that branch, form proper lumens, and undergo anastamosis.

Christopher Hughes: Um modelo in vitro para o Estudo da angiogênese (Entrevista)

Christopher C.W. Hughes describes the utility of his culture system for studying angiogenesis in vitro.  He explains the importance of fibroblasts that ...

Biologia

Investigating the Microbial Community in the Termite Hindgut - Interview

Jared Leadbetter explains why the termite-gut microbial community is an excellent system for studying the complex interactions between microbes.     The symbiotic relationship existing between the host insect and lignocellulose-degrading gut microbes is explained, as well as the industrial uses of these microbes for degrading plant biomass and generating biofuels.

Jared Leadbetter explains why the termite-gut microbial community is an excellent system for studying the complex interactions between microbes. The symbiotic relationship existing between the host insect and lignocellulose-degrading gut microbes is explained, as well as the industrial uses of these microbes for degrading plant biomass and generating biofuels.

Investigando a comunidade microbiana no intestino grosso da térmita - Entrevista

Jared Leadbetter explains why the termite-gut microbial community is an excellent system for studying the complex interactions between microbes.     The ...

Microbial Communities in Nature and Laboratory - Interview

Comunidades microbianas na Natureza e Laboratório - Entrevista

Studies of Bacterial Chemotaxis Using Microfluidics - Interview

Estudos de Quimiotaxia bacteriana Usando microfluídica - Entrevista

Biology of Microbial Communities  - Interview

Biologia de comunidades microbianas - Entrevista

Vibrio cholerae: Model Organism to Study Bacterial Pathogenesis - Interview

Vibrio cholerae: organismo modelo para estudar Patogênese Bacteriana - Entrevista

Principles of Site-Specific Recombinase (SSR) Technology

Site-specific recombinase (SSR) technology allows the manipulation of gene structure to explore gene function and has become an integral tool of molecular biology. Site-specific recombinases are proteins that bind to distinct DNA target sequences. The Cre/lox system was first described in bacteriophages during the 1980's. Cre recombinase is a Type I topoisomerase that catalyzes site-specific recombination of DNA between two loxP (locus of X-over P1) sites. The Cre/lox system does not require any cofactors. LoxP sequences contain distinct binding sites for Cre recombinases that surround a directional core sequence where recombination and rearrangement takes place. When cells contain loxP sites and express the Cre recombinase, a recombination event occurs. Double-stranded DNA is cut at both loxP sites by the Cre recombinase, rearranged, and ligated ("scissors and glue"). Products of the recombination event depend on the relative orientation of the asymmetric sequences.
SSR technology is frequently used as a tool to explore gene function. Here the gene of interest is flanked with Cre target sites loxP ("floxed"). Animals are then crossed with animals expressing the Cre recombinase under the control of a tissue-specific promoter. In tissues that express the Cre recombinase it binds to target sequences and excises the floxed gene. Controlled gene deletion allows the investigation of gene function in specific tissues and at distinct time points. Analysis of gene function employing SSR technology --- conditional mutagenesis -- has significant advantages over traditional knock-outs where gene deletion is frequently lethal.

Principles of Site-Specific Recombinase SSR Technology

The advent of site-specific recombinase (SSR) technology and the Cre/lox system has led to numerous advances in molecular biology, and has proven itself as a valuable tool for assessing gene function in transgenic animals. This interview discusses the mechanism of site specific recombination by Cyclization recombinase (Cre) and how the use of this enzyme has led to the development of conditional mutagenesis, which has significant advantages over traditional knock out strategies.

Princípios do site-specific Recombinase (SSR) Tecnologia

Site-specific recombinase (SSR) technology allows the manipulation of gene structure to explore gene function and has become an integral tool of molecular ...

Interview: Protein Folding and Studies of Neurodegenerative Diseases

In this interview, Dr. Lindquist describes relationships between protein folding, prion diseases and neurodegenerative disorders. The problem of the protein folding is at the core of the modern biology. In addition to their traditional biochemical functions, proteins can mediate transfer of biological information and therefore can be considered a genetic material. This recently discovered function of proteins has important implications for studies of human disorders. Dr. Lindquist also describes current experimental approaches to investigate the mechanism of neurodegenerative diseases based on genetic studies in model organisms.

In this interview, Dr. Lindquist describes relationships between protein folding, prion diseases and neurodegenerative disorders. The problem of the protein folding is at the core of the modern biology. In addition to their traditional biochemical functions, proteins can mediate transfer of biological information and therefore can be considered a genetic material. This recently discovered function of proteins has important implications for studies of human disorders. Dr. Lindquist also describes current experimental approaches to investigate the mechanism of neurodegenerative diseases based on genetic studies in model organisms.

Entrevista: o dobramento de proteínas e Estudos de Doenças Neurodegenerativas

In this interview, Dr. Lindquist describes relationships between protein folding, prion diseases and neurodegenerative disorders. The problem of the ...

Molecular Evolution of the Tre Recombinase

Here we report the generation of Tre recombinase through directed, molecular evolution. Tre recombinase recognizes a pre-defined target sequence within the LTR sequences of the HIV-1 provirus, resulting in the excision and eradication of the provirus from infected human cells. 
We started with Cre, a 38-kDa recombinase, that recognizes a 34-bp double-stranded DNA sequence known as loxP. Because Cre can effectively eliminate genomic sequences, we set out to tailor a recombinase that could remove the sequence between the 5'-LTR and 3'-LTR of an integrated HIV-1 provirus. As a first step we identified sequences within the LTR sites that were similar to loxP and tested for recombination activity. Initially Cre and mutagenized Cre libraries failed to recombine the chosen loxLTR sites of the HIV-1 provirus. As the start of any directed molecular evolution process requires at least residual activity, the original asymmetric loxLTR sequences were split into subsets and tested again for recombination activity. Acting as intermediates, recombination activity was shown with the subsets. Next, recombinase libraries were enriched through reiterative evolution cycles. Subsequently, enriched libraries were shuffled and recombined. The combination of different mutations proved synergistic and recombinases were created that were able to recombine loxLTR1 and loxLTR2. This was evidence that an evolutionary strategy through intermediates can be successful. After a total of 126 evolution cycles individual recombinases were functionally and structurally analyzed. The most active recombinase -- Tre -- had 19 amino acid changes as compared to Cre. Tre recombinase was able to excise the HIV-1 provirus from the genome HIV-1 infected HeLa cells (see "HIV-1 Proviral DNA Excision Using an Evolved Recombinase", Hauber J., Heinrich-Pette-Institute for Experimental Virology and Immunology, Hamburg, Germany). While still in its infancy, directed molecular evolution will allow the creation of custom enzymes that will serve as tools of "molecular surgery" and molecular medicine.

Here we report the generation of Tre recombinase through directed, molecular evolution. Tre recombinase recognizes a pre-defined target sequence within the LTR sequences of the HIV-1 provirus, resulting in the excision and eradication of the provirus from infected human cells. While still in its infancy, directed molecular evolution will allow the creation of custom enzymes that will serve as tools of molecular surgery and molecular medicine.

Evolução Molecular do Recombinase Tre

Here we report the generation of Tre recombinase through directed, molecular evolution. Tre recombinase recognizes a pre-defined target sequence within ...

Direct Observation of Enzymes Replicating DNA Using a Single-molecule DNA Stretching Assay

We describe a method for observing real time replication of individual DNA molecules mediated by proteins of the bacteriophage replication system. Linearized &lambda; DNA is modified to have a biotin on the end of one strand, and a digoxigenin moiety on the other end of the same strand. The biotinylated end is attached to a functionalized glass coverslip and the digoxigeninated end to a small bead. The assembly of these DNA-bead tethers on the surface of a flow cell allows a laminar flow to be applied to exert a drag force on the bead. As a result, the DNA is stretched close to and parallel to the surface of the coverslip at a force that is determined by the flow rate (Figure 1). The length of the DNA is measured by monitoring the position of the bead. Length differences between single- and double-stranded DNA are utilized to obtain real-time information on the activity of the replication proteins at the fork. Measuring the position of the bead allows precise determination of the rates and processivities of DNA unwinding and polymerization (Figure 2).

We describe a method for observing real time replication of individual DNA molecules mediated by proteins of the bacteriophage replication system.