Accedi

Spindle assembly occurs through three, often coexisting, pathways – the centrosome-mediated pathway, the chromatin-mediated pathway, and the microtubule-mediated pathway – collectively contributing to form a robust spindle apparatus.

In most cells, centrosomes are the primary microtubule nucleation centers. In the centrosome-mediated pathway, the G2-prophase transition triggers centrosome maturation and increased microtubule nucleation. Progressive nucleation results in a microtubule array emanating from both centrosomes. The plus-ends of these microtubules seek out and capture the chromosomes via their kinetochores.

Chromatin-mediated microtubule nucleation occurs near the chromosomes, driven by a nuclear protein, Ran-GTP, which exists at high concentrations close to the chromosomes. Ran-GTP binds to importin-beta, causing the release of its cargo, the spindle assembly factors (SAFs). SAFs promote localized microtubule nucleation in the vicinity of the chromosomes.

Existing microtubules also support further microtubule formation through the microtubule-mediated microtubule nucleation pathway. A protein complex, augmin, associates with existing microtubules and mediates the recruitment of gamma-tubulin ring complex (gammaTuRC) to initiate nucleation. The microtubule-mediated nucleation contributes to an increase in microtubule density within the spindle, adding to its robustness.

Spindle assembly results in a bipolar microtubule array containing three categories of microtubules. The kinetochore microtubules (K-MTs) tether the chromosomes to the spindle poles. The astral microtubules (A-MTs) radiate towards the cell cortex and aid in spindle positioning. The non-kinetochore microtubules (nK-MTs) fail to connect with kinetochores but serve to separate the poles and provide stability to the spindle.

Tags
Spindle AssemblyManufacturingPrecision EngineeringMechanical ComponentsAssembly ProcessSpindle AlignmentIndustrial MachineryQuality Control

Dal capitolo 35:

article

Now Playing

35.7 : Spindle Assembly

Cell Division

3.4K Visualizzazioni

article

35.1 : Mitosi e citocinesi

Cell Division

5.3K Visualizzazioni

article

35.2 : Duplicazione cromosomica

Cell Division

2.1K Visualizzazioni

article

35.3 : Coesine

Cell Division

1.4K Visualizzazioni

article

35.4 : Condensine

Cell Division

1.4K Visualizzazioni

article

35.5 : Il fuso mitotico

Cell Division

2.5K Visualizzazioni

article

35.6 : Duplicazione del centrosoma

Cell Division

1.5K Visualizzazioni

article

35.8 : Attaccamento dei cromatidi fratelli

Cell Division

1.1K Visualizzazioni

article

35.9 : Forze che agiscono sui cromosomi

Cell Division

1.2K Visualizzazioni

article

35.10 : Separazione dei cromatidi fratelli

Cell Division

1.4K Visualizzazioni

article

35.11 : Il punto di controllo dell'assemblaggio del mandrino

Cell Division

1.2K Visualizzazioni

article

35.12 : Anafase A e B

Cell Division

3.2K Visualizzazioni

article

35.13 : Complesso Promotore Anaphase

Cell Division

1.2K Visualizzazioni

article

35.14 : L'anello contrattile

Cell Division

1.5K Visualizzazioni

article

35.15 : Determinazione del piano di divisione cellulare

Cell Division

977 Visualizzazioni

See More

JoVE Logo

Riservatezza

Condizioni di utilizzo

Politiche

Ricerca

Didattica

CHI SIAMO

Copyright © 2025 MyJoVE Corporation. Tutti i diritti riservati