Nota: Per mantenere condizioni di coltura sterili, tutte le procedure descritte in questo protocollo sono effettuate utilizzando pratiche di laboratorio sterile e condotto sotto una cappa a flusso laminare. Prima di iniziare, assicurarsi che i media sono equilibrati a 37 ° C e opportunamente gasati. Preparazione Geltrex rivestita Piatti Cultura Nota: vedi appendice per l&#39;uso di piatti CELLstart cultura rivestito. <ol><li> Scongelare un tubo di Geltrex (1 ml) lentamente a 2-8 ° C e diluire 1:100 in 99 ml di Knockout D-MEM/F-12. Mescolare delicatamente la soluzione. Nota: alcune linee di cellule iPS possono richiedere una diversa diluizione Geltrex per una crescita ottimale. Vedi appendice per le diluizioni alternative. </li><li> Coprono l&#39;intera superficie di ogni piatto cultura con la soluzione Geltrex (1 mL per un piatto da 35 mm, 1,5 ml per un piatto di 60 mm). </li><li> Sigillare ogni piatto con Parafilm contro l&#39;essiccamento e incubare i piatti per 1 ora a 37 ° C. Nota: A questo punto si può memorizzare il Geltrex rivestite piatti di cultura a 4 ° C per un massimo di 1 mese. Sigillare ogni piatto con Parafilm per evitare che il Geltrex si secchi. </li><li> Prima di utilizzare, trasferire il Geltrex rivestite piatti di una cappa a flusso laminare e permettere loro di equilibrare a temperatura ambiente (circa 1 ora). </li></ol> Preparazione completa alimentatore-Free SR KnockOut Media <ol><li> Per preparare 1 mL di 10 mg / ml soluzione di base FGF, asettico miscelare i componenti elencati di seguito. Aliquota della soluzione e conservare a -20 ° C fino a 6 mesi. <table border="0"><tbody><tr><td> Di base FGF </td><td> 10 mcg </td></tr><tr><td> D-PBS </td><td> 990μL </td></tr><tr><td> 10% di BSA </td><td> 10 L </td></tr></tbody></table> Nota: BSA può essere sostituito con HSA o SR Knockout alla stessa concentrazione. </li><li> Per preparare 50 ml di 2 mg / ml soluzione dispasi, asettico miscelare i componenti elencati di seguito. Filtrare la soluzione sterilizzare e conservare a 4 ° C per un massimo di 2 settimane. <table border="0"><tbody><tr><td> Dispasi </td><td> 100 mg </td></tr><tr><td> D-PBS </td><td> 50 mL </td></tr></tbody></table></li><li> Per preparare 100 mL di SR KnockOut completo alimentatore-Free (KSR-FF) asetticamente combinare i componenti elencati nella tabella sottostante. <table border="1"><tbody><tr><td> Componente </td><td> Concentrazione magazzino </td><td> Concentrazione finale </td><td> Volume </td></tr><tr><td> Knockout DMEM/F12 (n ° cat. 12660-012) </td><td> - </td><td> 1X </td><td> 76,8 mL </td></tr><tr><td> GlutaMAX-I (Cat. No. 35050-061) </td><td> 200 mM </td><td> 2 mM </td><td> 1 ml </td></tr><tr><td> KnockOut SR (n ° cat. 10828-028) </td><td> - </td><td> 20% </td><td> 20 ml </td></tr><tr><td> KnockOut SR-GFC (n ° cat. A10580-01) </td><td> 50X </td><td> 1X </td><td> 2 ml </td></tr><tr><td> bFGF (n ° cat. PHG0024). </td><td> 10 mcg / ml </td><td> 20 ng / mL </td><td> 200 l </td></tr></tbody></table> Si può memorizzare il KSR-FF medio a 2-8 ° C per un massimo di una settimana. </li><li> Poco prima di pre-raggiunga l&#39;equilibrio completo a temperatura e gas, in modo asettico aggiungere il volume richiesto di 2 mercaptoetanolo (55 concentrazione magazzino mm) per una concentrazione di 0,1 mM finale. Ad esempio, per preparare 100 ml di KSR-FMedio F aggiungere 182 microlitri di 55 mM di 2-mercaptoetanolo (diluizione 1:550) In alternativa, il 2-mercaptoetanolo possono essere aggiunti al mezzo di 1X completato e conservato a 2-8 ° C per un massimo di una settimana. </li></ol> Preparazione di congelamento / Crioconservazione Media Il mezzo di crioconservazione è composto da due mezzi di comunicazione; Media congelamento A e B. Media congelamento Essi sono aggiunti alle cellule in tempi diversi e devono rimanere separati. Ciascuno di essi è il 50% del volume totale delle medie Crioconservazione necessario. Il volume totale delle medie Crioconservazione necessario è di 1 ml per ogni flacone da congelare. Un 90% piatto confluenti 60mm hESC può essere utilizzato alla banca 2 flaconi di hESC nei media crioconservazione. Preparare un volume sufficiente di ogni media di congelamento con un extra di 2-5mL per assicurare eccedenza. <table border="1"><tbody><tr><td> Congelamento Media A (50% del volume finale): </td><td> 50% DMEM/F12 </td><td> 50% KSR </td></tr><tr><td> Congelamento Media B (50% del volume finale): </td><td> 80% DMEM/F12 </td><td> 20% di DMSO </td></tr></tbody></table> Esempio: Se siete congelamento 20 fiale di cellule, avrete bisogno di 20 mL di media crioconservazione. Aggiungere 4 ml di carico eccessivo per un totale di Media Crioconservazione 24ml. Ciò significa che avrete bisogno di 12 ml di Media congelamento A (50% di 24ml) e 12 ml di B Media di congelamento (50% di 24ml). <table border="1"><tbody><tr><td> Congelamento Media A (12 ml): </td><td> 6 ml DMEM/F12 </td><td> 6 ml KSR </td></tr><tr><td> Congelamento Media B (12 ml): </td><td> 9,6 mL DMEM/F12 </td><td> 2,4 mL di DMSO </td></tr></tbody></table> La composizione finale del Medio Crioconservazione DMEM/F12 è del 65%, 25% KSR, e il 10% di DMSO. Cryopreserving iPSCs <ol><li> Preriscaldare il volume richiesto di dispasi in un bagno d&#39;acqua a 37 ° C. Fare riferimento alla Tabella 1 riportata di seguito per i dettagli sui volumi richiesti. </li><li> Pre-equilibrare il volume di KSR-FF in A ° C 37 bagnomaria per 15 min. Fare riferimento a 1below tabella per i dettagli sui volumi richiesti. </li><li> Aspirare il terreno trascorso dalla nave cultura con una pipetta, e lavare le cellule due volte con D-PBS. </li><li> Aggiungere delicatamente preriscaldato soluzione dispasi alla nave cultura (ad esempio, 1 mL di soluzione dispasi per 60 mm piatto di cultura). Agitare il recipiente di coltura per ricoprire l&#39;intera superficie delle cellule. </li><li> Incubare il recipiente di coltura a 37 ° C per 3 minuti. </li><li> Rimuovere il recipiente dal termostato, aspirare la soluzione dispasi, e lavare delicatamente le cellule con D-PBS. </li><li> Raschiare delicatamente le cellule dalla superficie del piatto cultura utilizzando un raschietto cellula, e trasferire le cellule in una provetta sterile centrifuga 15ml. </li><li> Lavare il piatto cultura due volte con KSR-FF, dolcemente &quot;spruzzo off&quot; tutte le cellule che non si sono staccati. Piscina di risciacquo medio con le cellule nel tubo 15ml. </li><li> Centrifugare la provetta a 200 xg per 5 minuti a temperatura ambiente per agglomerare le cellule. </li><li> Con attenzione aspirare il sopranatante senza disturbare il pellet di cellule e smaltirlo. </li><li> Preparare una quantità sufficiente di cryovials. Una volta che le cellule sono in contatto con DMSO, dovrebbero essere aliquotati e congelato entro 2-3 minuti. </li><li> Picchiettare lievemente il tubo, per rimuovere completamente il pellet dal fondo del tubo e risospendere le cellule in A. Medio congelamento [pipettando gentilmente su e giù con un 5-mL sierologici pipetta]. A seguito di sospensione uniforme di grumi, aggiungere uguale volume di B Media congelamento ad esso, in maniera goccia a goccia, mentre rimestando delicatamente la sospensione cellulare per mescolare. Nota: A questo punto, le cellule sono in contatto con DMSO, e il lavoro deve essere eseguito in modo efficiente. Una volta che le cellule sono in contatto con DMSO, dovrebbero essere aliquotati e congelato entro 2-3 minuti. </li><li> Aliquota 1 ml di sospensione cellulare in ogni provetta Microbank ™. </li><li> Introdurre rapidamente le provette in un gelido Mr. [di congelare rapidamente] e trasferirlo a -80 ° C durante la notte. </li><li> Dopo una notte di stoccaggio a -80 ° C, trasferire le cellule a un serbatoio di azoto liquido per la conservazione a lungo termine. </li></ol> IPSC disgelo flaconcino e il recupero delle cellule Nota: KSR-FF può essere sostituito con KSR contenenti MEF condizionata medio, o medio KSR per l&#39;uso con alimentatori. Vedere l&#39;appendice per le istruzioni per la preparazione dei media. Preriscaldare 10 ml di KSR-FF media in un tubo da 50 ml. <ol><li> Equilibrare la quantità appropriata di Geltrex rivestite piatti a temperatura ambiente ed aspirare il liquido dai piatti poco prima di placcaturar cellule. </li><li> Rimuovere con cura il hESC (o IPSC) fiala da serbatoio di stoccaggio di azoto liquido. </li><li> Rapido disgelo fiala congelata di cellule in un bagno d&#39;acqua a 37 ° C, fino a poco un piccolo pezzo rimane congelato nel flacone. </li><li> Spray fiala con il 70% di isopropanolo per decontaminare e trasferimento alla cappa sterile coltura di tessuti. </li><li> Trasferire asetticamente l&#39;intero contenuto del flacone in un tubo da 15 ml con una pipetta da 5 ml. </li><li> Sciacquare la fiala con 1 ml di KSR-FF e aggiungere questo al tubo da 15 ml per centrifuga. </li><li> Lentamente, aggiungere 4 ml di KSR-FF goccia a goccia per le cellule nel tubo 15 ml conica. Mentre l&#39;aggiunta del mezzo, spostare delicatamente il tubo avanti e indietro per mescolare le cellule. (Questo riduce shock osmotico alle cellule). </li><li> Centrifugare il tubo di 15 ml con la sospensione cellulare a 1000rpm (200 x g) per 2 minuti a temperatura ambiente. </li><li> Con attenzione aspirare e scartare il sopranatante senza disturbare il pellet. </li><li> Risospendere il pellet di cellule in fase di pre-riscaldato KSR-FF (ad esempio 4mL/60 piatto mm) con una pipetta da 5 ml e pipettare delicatamente le cellule su e giù fino a pellet cellulare è completamente dispersa. Una vitalità maggiore del 70% è previsto, se la vitalità è inferiore al 70%, può richiedere più tempo per le cellule di raggiungere confluenza. </li><li> Utilizzando la medesima pipetta, trasferire la sospensione cellulare goccia a goccia a Geltrex rivestite piatto cultura pre-equilibrati a temperatura ambiente. </li><li> Porre la capsula la cultura in un incubatore a 37 ° C, con un atmosfera umidificata da 4 a 6% di CO 2 in aria. Con attenzione nave vortice in direzione nord a sud, da est a ovest modello per distribuire uniformemente le cellule. </li><li> Delicatamente liquido cambiare il piatto cultura 24 ore post-disgelo e quindi giornalmente per rimuovere i detriti cellulari e per fornire nutrienti fresco fino a quando il piatto è circa il 70-80% confluenti. Per la cultura continua e passaging delle cellule iPS, fare riferimento al nostro protocollo dal titolo &quot;Alimentazione-Free Cultura e Passaging di cellule umane iPS usando completa sostituzione siero KnockOut alimentatore-Free Media&quot; </li></ol> Risultati attesi Le cellule dovrebbero essere circa il 70-80% confluenti prima di crioconservazione. Dispasi risultati digestione nel curling e piegatura delle colonie lungo i margini colonia. Dopo la raccolta le cellule sono congelati come piccoli ammassi in mezzi crioconservazione. Una volta che il flacone è scongelato, le cellule recuperare e allegare alla pre-rivestite piatto come grumi di piccole dimensioni. Crescono rapidamente porta a un piatto confluenti in 5-6 giorni. Tabella 1 - Volumi consigliati <table border="1"><tbody><tr><td> Componente </td><td> 35 millimetri Piatto </td><td> Piatto 60 millimetri </td><td> Dish 100 millimetri </td></tr><tr><td> Completa KnockOut SR media </td><td> 2 ml </td><td> 4 mL </td><td> 10 mL </td></tr><tr><td> Geltrex Soluzione </td><td> 1 ml </td><td> 1,5 ml </td><td> 4-5 mL </td></tr><tr><td> Dispasi </td><td> 0,5 ml </td><td> 1 ml </td><td> 3-4 ml </td></tr><tr><td> D-PBS per il risciacquo </td><td> 2 ml </td><td> 4 mL </td><td> 10 mL </td></tr></tbody></table> Si prega di <a href="http://www.jove.com/files/ftp_upload/2237/2237_appendix.pdf">cliccare qui per vedere l&#39;appendice</a> .

<ol>
	<li>Takahashi, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Induction+of+pluripotent+stem+cells+from+mouse+embryonic+and+adult+fibroblast+cultures+by+defined+factors.">Induction of pluripotent stem cells from mouse embryonic and adult fibroblast cultures by defined factors.</a> Cell. 126, 663-676 (2006).</li><li>Takahashi, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Induction+of+pluripotent+stem+cells+from+adult+human+fibroblasts+by+defined+factors.">Induction of pluripotent stem cells from adult human fibroblasts by defined factors.</a> Cell. 131, 861-872 (2007).</li><li>Yu, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Induced+pluripotent+stem+cell+lines+derived+from+human+somatic+cells.">Induced pluripotent stem cell lines derived from human somatic cells.</a> Science. 318, 1917-1920 (2007).</li><li>Maherali, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Guidelines+and+techniques+for+the+generation+of+induced+pluripotent+stem+cells.">Guidelines and techniques for the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells.</a> Cell Stem Cell. 3, 595-605 (2008).</li><li>Li, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Generation+of+rat+and+human+induced+pluripotent+stem+cells+by+combining+genetic+reprogramming+and+chemical+inhibitors.">Generation of rat and human induced pluripotent stem cells by combining genetic reprogramming and chemical inhibitors.</a> Cell Stem Cell. 4, 16-19 (2009).</li><li>Liao, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Generation+of+induced+pluripotent+stem+cell+lines+from+adult+rat+cells.">Generation of induced pluripotent stem cell lines from adult rat cells.</a> Cell Stem Cell. 4, 11-15 (2009).</li><li>Dimos, J. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Induced+pluripotent+stem+cells+generated+from+patients+with+ALS+can+be+differentiated+into+motor+neurons.">Induced pluripotent stem cells generated from patients with ALS can be differentiated into motor neurons.</a> Science. 321, 1218-1221 (2008).</li><li>Aasen, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Efficient+and+rapid+generation+of+induced+pluripotent+stem+cells+from+human+keratinocytes.">Efficient and rapid generation of induced pluripotent stem cells from human keratinocytes.</a> Nat Biotechnli. 26, 1276-1284 (2008).</li><li>Park, I. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Generation+of+human-induced+pluripotent+stem+cells.">Generation of human-induced pluripotent stem cells.</a> Nat Protoc. 3, 1180-1186 (2008).</li></ol>

Gli autori di questo articolo sono impiegati da Life Technologies che produce reagenti e strumenti utilizzati in questo articolo.

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		<div>
		<table border="1">
		<thead>
		<tr>
		<th>Material Name</th>
		<th>Type</th>
		<th>Company</th>
		<th>Catalogue Number</th>
		<th>Comment</th>
		</tr>
		</thead>
		<tbody>
		
<tr>
<td>Knockout DMEM/F12</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>12660-012</td>
<td>Note: see appendix for the use of alternative DMEM products GlutaMAX-I (Cat. No. 35050-061)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>KnockOut Serum Replacement</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>10828-028</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>KnockOut Serum Replacement Growth Factor Cocktail</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>A10580-01</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>FGF-basic, human recombinant protein, 10 &mu;g</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>PHG0024</td>
<td>Note: see appendix for alternative bFGF pack sizes.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>2-Mercaptoethanol</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>21985-023</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Dispase</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>17105-041</td>
<td>Note: see appendix for alternative passaging methods</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Geltrex hESC-Qualified Reduced Growth Factor Basement Matrix, 1 mL</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>A10480-01</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Dulbecco&#x2019;s Phosphate Buffered Saline (D-PBS) without calcium and magnesium</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>14190-144</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>DMSO, 500mL</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>JT Baker</td>
<td>JT9224-1</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Sterile Tissue Culture Hood</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Incubator set at 37&deg;C</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Pipette-Aid</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Water Bath set at 37&deg;C</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Sterile serological pipettes (5 mL, 10 mL)</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Centrifuge</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>15 mL centrifuge tubes</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>60 mm Tissue Culture treated dishes</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Liquid nitrogen storage tank</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Isopropanol freezing containers</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>1.5 mL Cryovials</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>		</tbody>
		</table>
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cryopreserving and recovering of human ips cells using complete knockout serum replacement feeder-free medium

La scoperta nel 2006 che fibroblasti umani e mouse potrebbe essere riprogrammato per generare cellule iPS 1-3 con caratteristiche molto simili alle cellule staminali embrionali ha creato una nuova fonte preziosa di cellule pluripotenti per la scoperta di farmaci, terapia cellulare, e la ricerca di base. Mezzi di comunicazione GIBCO e reagenti sono stati in prima linea nella ricerca sulle cellule staminali pluripotenti da anni. Knockout DMEM integrato con sostituzione Knockout siero è il media di scelta per la crescita delle cellule staminali embrionali e ora di cellule iPS cultura 3-9. Il gold standard del sistema dei media può ora essere utilizzato per alimentazione priva di cultura con l&#39;aggiunta di Cocktail SR Factor Knockout crescita. Tradizionale ES umane e metodi di coltura delle cellule iPS richiedono l&#39;uso di mouse o strati alimentatore fibroblasti umani, o l&#39;alimentatore condizionata media. Questi metodi sono cultura alta intensità di lavoro, difficili da scalare ed è difficile mantenere anche le cellule indifferenziate a causa delle condizioni indefinito. Invitrogen ha sviluppato SR Knockout Cocktail fattore di crescita per consentire di transizione facilmente i fianchi e le colture cellulari hES alla rinfusa, senza pur mantenendo l&#39;uso di SR Knockout.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Cryopreserving and Recovering of Human iPS Cells using Complete KnockOut Serum Replacement Feeder-Free Medium at JoVE.com

Cryopreserving and Recovering of Human iPS Cells using Complete KnockOut Serum Replacement Feeder-Free Medium

Questo protocollo descrive la procedura dettagliata per cryopreserving cellule umane iPS nel medio KnockOut crioconservazione SR ed il recupero di queste cellule in completo alimentatore KnockOut gratuito SR (KSR-FF), medio o alimentatore a base di medie SR KnockOut.

Cryopreserving e recupero di cellule umane iPS usando KnockOut Completa alimentatore-Free siero sostituzione Media

The discovery in 2006 that human and mouse fibroblasts could be reprogrammed to generate iPS cells 1-3 with qualities remarkably similar to embryonic stem ...

cryopreserving-recovering-human-ips-cells-using-complete-knockout

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

18.1K Views.  Life Technologies.  中文 日本語 

Video: Cryopreserving and Recovering of Human iPS Cells using Complete KnockOut Serum Replacement Feeder-Free Medium

Predicting the Effectiveness of Population Replacement Strategy Using Mathematical Modeling

Charles Taylor and John Marshall explain the utility of mathematical modeling for evaluating the effectiveness of population replacement strategy.  Insight is given into how computational models can provide information on the population dynamics of mosquitoes and the spread of transposable elements through A. gambiae subspecies.  The ethical considerations of releasing genetically modified mosquitoes into the wild are discussed.

Charles Taylor and John Marshall explain the utility of mathematical modeling for evaluating the effectiveness of population replacement strategy. Insight is given into how computational models can provide information on the population dynamics of mosquitoes and the spread of transposable elements through A. gambiae subspecies. The ethical considerations of releasing genetically modified mosquitoes into the wild are discussed.

Predire l&#39;efficacia della strategia Popolazione sostituzione Utilizzando Modelli Matematici

Charles Taylor and John Marshall explain the utility of mathematical modeling for evaluating the effectiveness of population replacement strategy.  ...

Ricerca

Biologia

Generating iPS Cells from MEFS through Forced Expression of Sox-2, Oct-4, c-Myc, and Klf4

Pluripotency can be induced in differentiated murine by viral transduction of Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (Takahashi and Yamanaka, 2006; Wernig, et al., 2007; Okita, et al., 2007; Maherali, et al., 2007). We have devised a reprogramming strategy in which these four transcription factors are expressed from doxycycline (dox)-inducible lentiviral vectors (Brambrink et al., 2008). Using these inducible constructs, we can derive induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells from mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). In this video, we demonstrate the procedure for the generation of inducible lentiviruses that express the four transcription factors and show how to infect MEFs with these viruses in order to produce iPS cells. By using inducible lentiviruses, the expression of the four factors in controlled by the addition of doxycyline to the culture medium. The advantage of this system over the traditional retroviral infection is the ability to turn the genes on and off so that the kinetics of reprogramming and gene expression requirements can be analyzed in detail.

This video shows the procedure for generating induced pluripotent stem cells using inducible lentivirus that express Oct4, Sox2, c-Myc and Klf4.

Generare cellule iPS dal MEF attraverso l&#39;espressione forzata di Sox-2, Oct-4, c-Myc e Klf4

Pluripotency can be induced in differentiated murine by viral transduction of Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (Takahashi and Yamanaka, 2006;  Wernig, et al., ...

Isolation and Animal Serum Free Expansion of Human Umbilical Cord Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs) and Endothelial Colony Forming Progenitor Cells (ECFCs)

The umbilical cord is a rich source for progenitor cells with high proliferative potential including mesenchymal stromal cells (also termed mesenchymal stem cells, MSCs) and endothelial colony forming progenitor cells (ECFCs). Both cell types are key players in maintaining the integrity of tissue and are probably also involved in regenerative processes and tumor formation.
To study their biology and function in a comparative manner it is important to have both cells types available from the same donor. It may also be beneficial for regenerative purposes to derive MSCs and ECFCs from the same tissue.
Because cellular therapeutics should eventually find their way from bench to bedside we established a new method to isolate and further expand progenitor cells without the use of animal protein. Pooled human platelet lysate (pHPL) replaced fetal bovine serum in all steps of our protocol to completely avoid contact of the cells to xenogeneic proteins.
This video demonstrates a methodology for the isolation and expansion of progenitor cells from one umbilical cord.
All materials and procedures will be described.

Isolation and Animal Serum Free Expansion of Human Umbilical Cord Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells MSCs and Endothelial Colony Forming Progenitor Cells ECFCs

This protocol describes the isolation and subsequent expansion of mesenchymal stromal cells and endothelial colony forming cells without the use of animal serum to generate autologous pairs for experimental transplantation purposes.

Isolamento e di espansione degli animali siero gratuito di cordone ombelicale umano derivato cellule stromali mesenchimali (MSC) e cellule endoteliali progenitrici formanti colonia (ECFCs)

The umbilical cord is a rich source for progenitor cells with high proliferative potential including mesenchymal stromal cells (also termed mesenchymal ...

Feeder-Free Adaptation, Culture and Passaging of Human IPS Cells using Complete KnockOut Serum Replacement Feeder-Free Medium

The discovery in 2006 that human and mouse fibroblasts could be reprogrammed to generate iPS cells 1-3 with qualities remarkably similar to embryonic stem cells has created a valuable new source of pluripotent cells for drug discovery, cell therapy, and basic research.
GIBCO media and reagents have been at the forefront of pluripotent stem cell research for years. Knockout DMEM supplemented with Knockout Serum Replacement is the media of choice for embryonic stem cell growth and now iPS cell culture 3-9. This gold standard media system can now be used for feeder-free culture with the addition of Knockout SR Growth Factor Cocktail.
Traditional human ES and iPS cell culture methods require the use of mouse or human fibroblast feeder layers, or feeder-conditioned medium. These culture methods are labor-intensive, hard to scale and it is difficult to maintain hiPS cells undifferentiated due to the undefined conditions. Invitrogen has developed Knockout SR Growth Factor Cocktail to allow you to easily transition your hiPS cell cultures to feeder-free while still maintaining your use of Knockout SR.

The following protocol provides instruction for adapting human induced Pluripotent Stem (iPS) Cells to feeder-free culture using complete KnockOut Serum Replacement Feeder-Free medium (KSR-FF). Once adapted, instructions for continual maintenance are also provided.

Alimentatore-Free adattamento, la cultura e Passaging di cellule IPS utilizzando Completa alimentatore-Free siero sostituzione KnockOut Media

Generation of Human Cardiomyocytes: A Differentiation Protocol from Feeder-free Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

In order to investigate the events driving heart development and to determine the molecular mechanisms leading to myocardial diseases in humans, it is essential first to generate functional human cardiomyocytes (CMs). The use of these cells in drug discovery and toxicology studies would also be highly beneficial, allowing new pharmacological molecules for the treatment of cardiac disorders to be validated pre-clinically on cells of human origin. Of the possible sources of CMs, induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are among the most promising, as they can be derived directly from readily accessible patient tissue and possess an intrinsic capacity to give rise to all cell types of the body 1. Several methods have been proposed for differentiating iPS cells into CMs, ranging from the classical embryoid bodies (EBs) aggregation approach to chemically defined protocols 2,3. In this article we propose an EBs-based protocol and show how this method can be employed to efficiently generate functional CM-like cells from feeder-free iPS cells.

Pluripotent stem cells, either embryonic or induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, constitute a valuable source of human differentiated cells, including cardiomyocytes. Here, we will focus on cardiac induction of iPS cells, showing how to use them to obtain functional human cardiomyocytes through an embryoid bodies-based protocol.

Generazione di cardiomiociti umani: Un protocollo di differenziazione da alimentatore-Free umani cellule staminali pluripotenti indotte

In order to investigate the events driving heart development and to determine the molecular mechanisms leading to myocardial diseases in humans, it is ...

Isolation of Small Noncoding RNAs from Human Serum

The analysis of RNA and its expression is a common feature in many laboratories. Of significance is the emergence of small RNAs like microRNAs, which are found in mammalian cells. These small RNAs are potent gene regulators controlling vital pathways such as growth, development and death and much interest has been directed at their expression in bodily fluids. This is due to their dysregulation in human diseases such as cancer and their potential application as serum biomarkers. However, the analysis of miRNA expression in serum may be problematic. In most cases the amount of serum is limiting and serum contains low amounts of total RNA, of which small RNAs only constitute 0.4-0.5%1. Thus the isolation of sufficient amounts of quality RNA from serum is a major challenge to researchers today. In this technical paper, we demonstrate a method which uses only 400 &#181;l of human serum to obtain sufficient RNA for either DNA arrays or qPCR analysis. The advantages of this method are its simplicity and ability to yield high quality RNA. It requires no specialized columns for purification of small RNAs and utilizes general reagents and hardware found in common laboratories. Our method utilizes a Phase Lock Gel to eliminate phenol contamination while at the same time yielding high quality RNA. We also introduce an additional step to further remove all contaminants during the isolation step. This protocol is very effective in isolating yields of total RNA of up to 100 ng/&#181;l from serum but can also be adapted for other biological tissues.

This protocol describes a method for extracting small RNAs from human serum. We have used this method to isolate microRNAs from cancer serum for use in DNA arrays and also singleplex quantitative PCR. The protocol utilizes phenol and guanidinium thiocyanate reagents with modifications to yield high quality RNA.

Isolamento dei Piccoli RNA non codificanti dal siero umano

The analysis of RNA and its expression is a common feature in many laboratories. Of significance is the emergence of small RNAs like microRNAs, which are ...

MicroRNA Expression Profiles of Human iPS Cells, Retinal Pigment Epithelium Derived From iPS, and Fetal Retinal Pigment Epithelium

The objective of this report is to describe the protocols for comparing the microRNA (miRNA) profiles of human induced-pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) derived from human iPS cells (iPS-RPE), and fetal RPE. The protocols include collection of RNA for analysis by microarray, and the analysis of microarray data to identify miRNAs that are differentially expressed among three cell types. The methods for culture of iPS cells and fetal RPE are explained. The protocol used for differentiation of RPE from human iPS is also described. The RNA extraction technique we describe was selected to allow maximal recovery of very small RNA for use in a miRNA microarray. Finally, cellular pathway and network analysis of microarray data is explained. These techniques will facilitate the comparison of the miRNA profiles of three different cell types.

The microRNA (miRNA) profiles of human induced-pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) derived from human induced-pluripotent stem (iPS) cells (iPS-RPE), and fetal RPE, were compared.

MicroRNA Expression Profili di cellule iPS umane, dell&#39;epitelio pigmentato retinico derivate da iPS, e fetale dell&#39;epitelio pigmentato retinico

The objective of this report is to describe the protocols for comparing the microRNA (miRNA) profiles of human induced-pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, ...

Efficient iPS Cell Generation from Blood Using Episomes and HDAC Inhibitors

This manuscript illustrates a protocol for efficiently creating integration-free human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from peripheral blood using episomal plasmids and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors. The advantages of this approach include: (1) the use of a minimal amount of peripheral blood as a source material; (2) nonintegrating reprogramming vectors; (3) a cost effective method for generating vector free iPSCs; (4) a single transfection; and (5) the use of small molecules to facilitate epigenetic reprogramming. Briefly, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are isolated from routine phlebotomy samples and then cultured in defined growth factors to yield a highly proliferative erythrocyte progenitor cell population that is remarkably amenable to reprogramming. Nonintegrating, nontransmissible episomal plasmids expressing OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, MYCL, LIN28A, and a p53 short hairpin (sh)RNA are introduced into the derived erythroblasts via a single nucleofection. Cotransfection of an episome that expresses enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) allows for easy identification of transfected cells. A separate replication-deficient plasmid expressing Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) is also added to the reaction mixture for increased expression of episomal proteins. Transfected cells are then plated onto a layer of irradiated mouse embryonic fibroblasts (iMEFs) for continued reprogramming. As soon as iPSC-like colonies appear at about twelve days after nucleofection, HDAC inhibitors are added to the medium to facilitate epigenetic remodeling. We have found that the inclusion of HDAC inhibitors routinely increases the generation of fully reprogrammed iPSC colonies by 2 fold. Once iPSC colonies exhibit typical human embryonic stem cell (hESC) morphology, they are gently transferred to individual iMEF-coated tissue culture plates for continued growth and expansion.

Here we describe a protocol for generating human induced pluripotent stem cells from peripheral blood using an episome based reprogramming strategy and histone deacetylase inhibitors.

Generazione efficiente delle cellule iPS da Blood Utilizzando episomi e HDAC inibitori

This manuscript illustrates a protocol for efficiently creating integration-free human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from peripheral blood using ...

Comparative Analysis of Human Growth Hormone in Serum Using SPRi, Nano-SPRi and ELISA Assays

Sensitive and selective methods for the detection of human growth hormone (hGH) over a wide range of concentrations (high levels of 50-100 ng ml&#8722;1 and minimum levels of 0.03 ng ml&#8722;1) in circulating blood are essential as variable levels may indicate altered physiology. For example, growth disorders occurring in childhood can be diagnosed by measuring levels of hGH in blood. Also, the misuse of recombinant hGH in sports not only poses an ethical issue it also presents serious health threats to the abuser. One popular strategy for measuring hGH misuse, relies on the detection of the ratio of 22 kDa hGH to total hGH, as non-22 kDa endogenous levels drop after exogenous recombinant hGH (rhGH) administration. Surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi) is an analytical tool that allows direct (label-free) monitoring and visualization of biomolecular interactions by recording changes of the refractive index adjacent to the sensor surface in real time. In contrast, the most frequently used colorimetric method, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) uses enzyme labeled detection antibodies to indirectly measure analyte concentration after the addition of a substrate that induces a color change. To increase detection sensitivity, amplified SPRi uses a sandwich assay format and near infrared quantum dots (QDs) to increase signal strength. After direct SPRi detection of recombinant rhGH in spiked human serum, the SPRi signal is amplified by the sequential injection of detection antibody coated with near-infrared QDs (Nano-SPRi). In this study, the diagnostic potential of direct and amplified SPRi was assessed for measuring rhGH spiked in human serum and compared directly with the capabilities of a commercially available ELISA kit.

The proposed work assesses the diagnostic potential of direct and amplified surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi) assays, particularly for the detection of recombinant human growth hormone in spiked human serum, by comparing SPRi results directly with commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit.

Analisi comparativa di ormone umano della crescita nel siero Utilizzando SPRI, Nano-SPRI e saggi ELISA

Sensitive and selective methods for the detection of human growth hormone (hGH) over a wide range of concentrations (high levels of 50-100 ng ml&#8722;1 ...

In Situ Monitoring of Transiently Formed Molecular Chaperone Assemblies in Bacteria, Yeast, and Human Cells

J-domain proteins (JDPs) form the largest and the most diverse co-chaperone family in eukaryotic cells. Recent findings show that specific members of the JDP family could form transient heterocomplexes in eukaryotes to fine-tune substrate selection for the 70 kDa heat shock protein (Hsp70) chaperone-based protein disaggregases. The JDP complexes target acute/chronic stress induced aggregated proteins and presumably help assemble the disaggregases by recruiting multiple Hsp70s to the surface of protein aggregates. The extent of the protein quality control (PQC) network formed by these physically interacting JDPs remains largely uncharacterized in vivo. Here, we describe a microscopy-based in situ protein interaction assay named the proximity ligation assay (PLA), which is able to robustly capture&#160;these transiently formed chaperone complexes in distinct cellular compartments of eukaryotic cells. Our work expands the employment of PLA from human cells to yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and bacteria (Escherichia coli), thus rendering an important tool to monitor the dynamics of transiently formed protein assemblies in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Cognate J-domain proteins cooperate with the Hsp70 chaperone to assist in a myriad of biological processes ranging from protein folding to degradation. Here, we describe an in situ proximity ligation assay, which allows the monitoring of these transiently formed chaperone machineries in bacterial, yeast and human cells.

Monitoraggio in Situ di gruppi di chaperone molecolari formati in farmaci, lieviti e cellule umane

J-domain proteins (JDPs) form the largest and the most diverse co-chaperone family in eukaryotic cells. Recent findings show that specific members of the ...