Questo lavoro è stato sostenuto dal National Institutes of Health / Istituto nazionale dei disordini neurologici e Stroke (NIH / NINDS) concede R01-NS074387, R01-R21 NS057711 e-NS091555 a MGC; NIH / NINDS concede R01-NS061107, R01-NS076991, R01-R21 NS082311 e-NS084275 a PRL; sovvenzioni da Happy Hearts Leah, Università del Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center assegnato a MGC e PRL; il Dipartimento di Neurochirurgia, Università del Michigan School of Medicine; l&#39;Istituto del Michigan per clinica e ricerca di salute, sostenuto da NIH concedere 2UL1-TR000433; l&#39;Università del Michigan Cancer Biology borsa di formazione sostenuto da NIH / NCI (National Cancer Institute) concessione T32-CA009676; l&#39;Università del Michigan di formazione clinica e di base Neuroscienze sostenuto da NIH / NINDS concedere T32-NS007222; e l&#39;Università del Michigan Medical Training Program Scientist sostenuto da NIH / NIGMS (Istituto Nazionale di Medicina Generale Scienze) concedere T32-GM007863. Gli autori unre grato per la leadership accademica e il sostegno ricevuto dalla dottoressa Karin Muraszko e il Dipartimento di Neurochirurgia; a M. Dahlgren, D. TomFord, e S. napoletano per eccellente supporto amministrativo; a M. Dzaman per l&#39;eccellente assistenza tecnica; e di Phil F. Jenkins per il generoso sostegno per l&#39;acquisto di un microscopio elettronico a scansione Zeiss 3D. Riconosciamo anche il laboratorio Kuchroo alla Harvard Medical School da cui è stata redatta una versione modificata della strategia mediatica-mediata centrifugazione densità per isolamento delle cellule mononucleari del cervello.

<ol>
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F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Treg+depletion+inhibits+efficacy+of+cancer+immunotherapy:+implications+for+clinical+trials.">Treg depletion inhibits efficacy of cancer immunotherapy: implications for clinical trials.</a> PLoS One. 3, e1983 (2008).</li><li>Ali, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Combined+immunostimulation+and+conditional+cytotoxic+gene+therapy+provide+long-term+survival+in+a+large+glioma+model.">Combined immunostimulation and conditional cytotoxic gene therapy provide long-term survival in a large glioma model.</a> Cancer Res. 65, 7194-7204 (2005).</li><li>Dewey, R. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chronic+brain+inflammation+and+persistent+herpes+simplex+virus+1+thymidine+kinase+expression+in+survivors+of+syngeneic+glioma+treated+by+adenovirus-mediated+gene+therapy:+implications+for+clinical+trials.">Chronic brain inflammation and persistent herpes simplex virus 1 thymidine kinase expression in survivors of syngeneic glioma treated by adenovirus-mediated gene therapy: implications for clinical trials.</a> Nat Med. 5, 1256-1263 (1999).</li><li>Baker, G. 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Questo protocollo descrive un metodo robusto e riproducibile per l&#39;isolamento e analisi citofluorimetrica delle PBMC che hanno infiltrato inizi del mouse tumore cerebrale microambiente. Sospensioni cellulari glioma sono generati ad una concentrazione specificato dal sperimentalista che sono stereotactically innestato nello striato del cervello di topo. I topi sono poi eutanasia in momenti predeterminati previsti dal disegno sperimentale e il loro cervello sono raccolta e trattata per isolare PBMC-glioma infiltrante ...

Gliomi sono una classe di tumori cerebrali neuroepiteliali derivanti da glia trasformato nel sistema nervoso centrale (CNS). Di tutti i gliomi, Organizzazione Mondiale della Sanità (OMS) di grado IV glioma, o glioblastoma (GBM), è la più comune e letale 1. GBM è altamente refrattario alla cura standard di corrente, che consiste nella resezione del tumore, per quanto possibile seguito da radioterapia più chemioterapia concomitante e adiuvante con temozolomide 2. Questi tumori mortali portare una prognosi infausta di soli 15-18 mesi di sopravvivenza dal momento della diagnosi iniziale con solo il 5% dei pazienti sopravvissuti alla malattia dopo 5 anni 3. La presenza della barriera emato-encefalica (BBB), la mancanza di cellule presentanti l&#39;antigene professionali (APC), e l&#39;esistenza precedentemente non identificato di bona fide strutture linfatiche all&#39;interno del cervello 4 hanno portato alla nozione di GBM immuni privilegiato. Tuttavia, numerosi studi ora show che questi tumori cerebrali infatti generano il reclutamento di cellule immunitarie periferiche che sono prevalentemente di origine mieloide che includono monociti, macrofagi e cellule mieloidi soppressore di derivazione (MDSCs) 5. GBM influenza anche l&#39;attività di microglia cerebrale residente a diventare pro-oncogeno 6,7. Cellule linfoidi come le cellule T CD8 + 8 e CD56 delle cellule + natural killer 9 sono presenti anche all&#39;interno del microambiente tumorale, ma in molte meno numeri, un dato di fatto pensa sia dovuto alla funzione immunosoppressiva istigato da fattori di glioma di derivazione sul tumore associato macrofagi ( TAM) 10. Cellule T CD4 + sono presenti anche nel GBM, ma gran parte di questa popolazione esprime anche CD25 e FoxP3, creatori di immunosoppressiva T regolatorie (T reg) celle 11. Lo stato immunosoppressivo complessivo di GBM culmina nella promozione di evasione immunologica e la progressione del tumore 12. <p class= &quot;jove_content&quot;&gt; Una migliore comprensione dei meccanismi di GBM immunosoppressione è fondamentale per lo sviluppo di efficaci strategie di immunoterapia progettati per stimolare il sistema immunitario contro il tumore. Negli ultimi 15 anni il nostro laboratorio ha lavorato per superare i meccanismi del cervello tumore immunosuppresson al fine di sviluppare efficaci nuovi immunotherapeutics anti-GBM 13-19. Il culmine di questo lavoro è ora portato ad uno studio clinico disegnato per valutare un citotossico combinato e terapeutico immuno-stimolante per i pazienti con nuova diagnosi di GBM (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01811992). Il nostro lavoro più recente indica che CNS-1 le cellule GBM del mouse GL26 e ratto bloccano anti-tumorale di cellule NK sorveglianza immunitaria producendo grandi quantità di β-galattoside-lectina legante galectina-1 (gal-1) 20. Questo è stato dimostrato di sopprimere l&#39;espressione di gal-1 nelle cellule di glioma utilizzando shRNA mediata knockdown gene. In vitro speriments hanno dimostrato che le cellule di glioma gal-1-carente proliferavano normalmente nella cultura, ma hanno subito il rifiuto rapido subito dopo attecchimento intracranica in singenico C57BL / 6J o RAG1 - / - mice, stabilendo così l&#39;indipendenza della T o B- celle su questa forma di rifiuto del tumore. Immunodeplezione cellule NK con l&#39;anti-asialo GM 1 anti-siero o anticorpi monoclonali NK1.1 portato alla completa ristrutturazione di intracranica crescita glioma gal-1-carente, stabilendo il ruolo delle cellule NK in gal-1-carente rifiuto glioma. Mostriamo ora che immunodeplezione di cellule mieloidi Gr-1 + / CD11b + è sufficiente a prevenire gal-1-carente rifiuto glioma nonostante la presenza di cellule NK, rivelando così un ruolo ausiliario indispensabile per le cellule mieloidi in favoreggiamento di gal NK-mediata lisi tumorale -1-deficienti (dati non pubblicati). Questo risultato inatteso ci ha portato a sviluppare un protocollo completo per l&#39;isolamento e l&#39;analisi delle cellule mononucleate del sangue periferico (PBMC) cheinfiltrarsi nel microambiente tumorale al cervello poco dopo attecchimento intracranica in modo da poter meglio caratterizzare gli eventi infiltrazione immunitario quel predicato gal-1-carente rifiuto glioma. Il metodo è dimostrata qui utilizzando cellule di glioma del mouse GL26 che la proteina fluorescente mCitrine costitutivamente espressa, chiamata GL26-Cit, che consentono la visualizzazione diretta delle cellule tumorali al microscopio a fluorescenza 21. Queste cellule sono stereotactically innestate nel cervello di singenici C57BL / 6J e sono autorizzati a crescere per 24, 48 o 72 ore prima del mouse eutanasia. PBMC-gliomi infiltranti vengono poi isolate e immunolabeled utilizzando anticorpi anti -CD45, -gr-1, -CD11b e -NK1.1 anticorpi di superficie cellulare unitamente immunomarcatura intracellulare per granzima B (GzmB). Questa combinazione specifica di anticorpi permette l&#39;identificazione di Gr-1 + / CD11b + cellule mieloidi infiltranti il tumore e NK1.1 +, le cellule NK, tipi di cellule che abbiamo been implicato in gal-1-carente rifiuto tumore. Il profilo infiltrazione immunitario del gal-1-carente GL26-Cit glioma, denominato qui come GL26-Cit-gal1i, viene quindi paragonato a quello di gliomi che esprimono livelli normali di gal-1 denominato GL26-Cit-NT che contengono un non- il targeting di controllo shRNA tornante. Il protocollo inizia con una descrizione su come la cultura delle cellule GL26-Cit glioma in vitro, che è seguita da una spiegazione su come innestare ortotopicamente queste cellule nello striato di singenici C57BL / 6J. Si procede quindi a enumerare i passi necessari per l&#39;isolamento e immunomarcatura di PBMC-gliomi infiltranti per l&#39;analisi di citometria di flusso. Il protocollo si conclude con la spiegazione di analisi dei dati e standard di rappresentazione grafica. La dimostrazione rivela che entrambi Gr-1 + / CD11b + cellule mieloidi e cellule NK1.1 + NK preferenzialmente accumulano all&#39;interno del microambiente tumorale al cervello gal-1-carente entro 48hr di impianto del tumore, un risultato che aiuta a spiegare perché questi tumori rapidamente sottoposti a completa lisi tumorale circa 1 settimana post-tumore attecchimento 20. Il metodo è facilmente adattabile a diversi modelli sperimentali in vivo in cui è richiesta dati temporali sul infiltrazione immunitario nel cervello. Un singolo sperimentatore può eseguire il protocollo dalla raccolta cervello per analisi citofluorimetrica delle PBMC-gliomi infiltranti in circa 4-6 ore a seconda del numero di campioni da analizzare. Il metodo può anche essere combinato con esperimenti volti a caratterizzare il profilo di PBMC circolante nei topi affetti da tumore in confronto con quelli che infiltrano il cervello in modo da identificare fenotipi immunosoppressione specificamente indotti dal microambiente tumorale. L&#39;applicazione di questa e simili metodi dovrebbe facilitare una migliore comprensione dei fattori coinvolti nel traffico di cellule immunitarie periferiche nel microambiente tumorale al cervello.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Dulbecco&#8217;s Modification of Eagles Medium</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>12430-054</td>
			<td>with 4.5g/L D-glucose, L-glutamine, 25mM HEPES and phenol red&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dulbecco&#8217;s Phosphate-buffered Saline&#160;</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>14190-144&#160;</td>
			<td>without calcium chloride or Magnesium chloride</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fetal bovine serum</td>
			<td>Omega Scientific Inc.</td>
			<td>FB-11</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Penicillin Streptomycin&#160;</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>15140-122</td>
			<td>10,000U/ml Penicillin; 10,000&#956;g/ml Streptomycin&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>L-glutamine</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>25030-081</td>
			<td>200mM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>G418 sulfate&#160;</td>
			<td>Omega Scientific Inc.</td>
			<td>GN-04</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Puromycin dihydrochloride&#160;&#160;</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>P8833</td>
			<td>from Streptomyces alboniger</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>HyClone HyQTase non-mammalian trypsin alternative&#160;</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td>SV30030.01</td>
			<td>in DPBS with EDTA&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Phase contrast hemocytometer</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>Z359629</td>
			<td>0.1mm deep</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Trypan blue stain</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>15250-061</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sterile 0.9% NaCl injection, USP</td>
			<td>Hospira</td>
			<td>NDC: 0409-4888</td>
			<td>10ml vials</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>0.6ml conical polypropylenemi microtubes</td>
			<td>Genesee Scientific</td>
			<td>22-272</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Atipamezole hydrochloride injection</td>
			<td>Orion Pharma</td>
			<td>NDC: 52483-6298</td>
			<td>5mg/ml solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ketamine hydrochloride injection</td>
			<td>Fort Dodge</td>
			<td>NDC: 0409-2051</td>
			<td>100mg/ml solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dexmedetomidine hydrochloride injection</td>
			<td>Zoetis</td>
			<td>NDC: 54771-2805</td>
			<td>0.5mg/ml solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Xylazine hydrochloride injection</td>
			<td>Lloyd</td>
			<td>NDC: 61311-481</td>
			<td>100mg/ml solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Carprofen injection</td>
			<td>Pfizer</td>
			<td>NDC: 61106-8501</td>
			<td>50mg/ml solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Buprenorphine hydrochloride injection</td>
			<td>Reckitt Benckiser</td>
			<td>NDC: 12496-0757</td>
			<td>0.3mg/ml ampuls</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1ml tuberculin syringes&#160;</td>
			<td>Covidien</td>
			<td>8881501400</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>26G x &#189; (0.45mm x 13mm) syringe needles&#160;</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>305111</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Surgical clippers</td>
			<td>3M</td>
			<td>9661</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Providone-iodine solution</td>
			<td>Aplicare</td>
			<td>82-217</td>
			<td>NDC: 52380-1905</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sterile petrolatum ophthalmic ointment&#160;</td>
			<td>Dechra</td>
			<td>NDC: 17033-211</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>70% isopropyl alcohol prep pads</td>
			<td>Kendall</td>
			<td>6818</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sterile gauze</td>
			<td>Covidien</td>
			<td>8044</td>
			<td>non-woven, 4&#34; x 4&#34;, 4-ply&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1.7ml conical polypropylene microtubes</td>
			<td>Genesee Scientific</td>
			<td>22-281</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mouse stereotactic frame</td>
			<td>Stoelting</td>
			<td>51730</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Surgical lamp</td>
			<td>Philips Burton</td>
			<td>CS316W</td>
			<td>Coolspot II Variable Spotlight</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Curved dissecting forceps</td>
			<td>Ted Pella Inc.</td>
			<td>5431</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Colibri retractors&#160;</td>
			<td>FST</td>
			<td>17000-03</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cordless precision power drill</td>
			<td>Dremel&#160;</td>
			<td>1100-01</td>
			<td>Stylus model; 7.2-Volt Lithium-Ion with Docking Station</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Engraving Cutter</td>
			<td>Dremel</td>
			<td>105</td>
			<td>1/32&#34; or 0.8 mm bit diameter</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microliter syringe</td>
			<td>Hamilton</td>
			<td>75</td>
			<td>Hamilton Microliter&#174; Syringes 700 series; 5&#956;l volume</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microliter syringe needles</td>
			<td>Hamilton</td>
			<td>7762-06</td>
			<td>33G, small hub RN NDL, 1.5 in, point style 3, 6/PK</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ethilon 3-0 black monofilament nylon sutures&#160;</td>
			<td>Ethicon</td>
			<td>1663</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Magnetic stir bar</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>74950-296</td>
			<td>7.9mm diameter x 50mm length (5/16&#34; diameter x 2&#34; length)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1L glass screw-cap storage bottle</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>1395</td>
			<td>Type 1, Class A borosilicate glass</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Heparin sodium&#160;</td>
			<td>Sagent</td>
			<td>NDC: 25021-400</td>
			<td>1,000U/ml solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Peristaltic pump</td>
			<td>Cole Parmer Instruments Group</td>
			<td>77200-60</td>
			<td>Master Flex Easy Load II console drive</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>compressed carbogen (95% O2 / 5% CO2)</td>
			<td>available from local vendor</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>A-type, large cylinder&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>20G x 1 &#189;&#34; aluminum hub blunt needles</td>
			<td>Kendall</td>
			<td>8881202363</td>
			<td>0.9mm x 38.1mm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Polyurethane ice bucket</td>
			<td>Fisherbrand</td>
			<td>02-591-45</td>
			<td>Capacity: 0.152 oz. (4.5L)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Collagenase (Type I-S)</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>C1639</td>
			<td>from Clostridium histolyticum&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Deoxyribonuclease I</td>
			<td>Worthington Biochemical Corp.</td>
			<td>LS002007</td>
			<td>&#62;2,000 Kunitz units per mg dry weight</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Antistatic polystyrene hexagonal weighing dishes</td>
			<td>Ted Pella Inc.</td>
			<td>20157-3</td>
			<td>top I.D. 115mm, base I.D. 85mm, 203ml volume&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Stainless steel single edged razor blades&#160;</td>
			<td>Garvey</td>
			<td>40475</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bone rongeurs</td>
			<td>FST</td>
			<td>16001-15</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hemostat</td>
			<td>FST</td>
			<td>13014-14</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Large dissection scissors</td>
			<td>Ted Pella Inc.</td>
			<td>1316</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Small dissection scissors</td>
			<td>FST</td>
			<td>14094-11</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Blunt end forceps</td>
			<td>Ted Pella Inc.</td>
			<td>13250</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>7ml glass Dounce tissue grinder</td>
			<td>Kontes</td>
			<td>KT885300-0007</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Percoll Density Centrifugation Media&#160;</td>
			<td>GE Healthcare</td>
			<td>GE17-0891-01</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>10 mL serological pipettes</td>
			<td>Genesee Scientific</td>
			<td>12-104</td>
			<td>single use; sterile</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>70&#956;m sterile nylon mesh cell strainers&#160;</td>
			<td>Fisherbrand</td>
			<td>22363548</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Alexa Fluor 700-conjugated rat anti-mouse CD45 (clone: 30-F11)</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>103128</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>APC-conjugated mouse anti-mouse NK1.1 (clone: PK136)</td>
			<td>eBiosciences&#160;</td>
			<td>17-5941-82</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PE-conjugated rat anti-mouse Gr-1 (clone:RB6-8C5)</td>
			<td>BD Pharmigen</td>
			<td>553128</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PerCP/Cy5.5-conjugated rat anti-mouse CD11b (clone: M1/70)&#160;</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>101228</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Alexa Fluor 700-conjugated rat IgG2b, &#954; (clone: RTK4530) isotype control&#160;</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>400628</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>APC-conjugated mouse IgG2a, &#954; (clone: eBM2a) isotype control&#160;</td>
			<td>eBioscience</td>
			<td>17-4724</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PE-conjugated rat IgG2b, &#954; (clone: eB149/10H5) isotype control&#160;</td>
			<td>eBioscience</td>
			<td>12-4031-82</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PerCP/Cy5.5-conjugated rat IgG2b, &#954; (clone: RTK4530) isotype control</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>400632</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pacific Blue-conjugated mouse anti-mouse granzyme B (Clone: GB11)&#160;</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>515403</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pacific Blue-conjugated mouse IgG1, &#954; (Clone: MOPC-21) isotype control&#160;</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>400151</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cytofix/Cytoperm</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>554714</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>15ml polypropylene centrifuge tubes</td>
			<td>Genesee Scientific</td>
			<td>21-103</td>
			<td>conical bottom&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>50ml polypropylene centrifuge tubes</td>
			<td>Genesee Scientific</td>
			<td>21-108</td>
			<td>conical bottom</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>12x75mm round-bottom polypropylene FACS tubes&#160;</td>
			<td>Fisherbrand</td>
			<td>14-956-1B</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>FACSAria Special Order Research Product flow cytometer/cell sorter</td>
			<td>BD&#160;</td>
			<td>650033</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Class II Biological Safety Cabinet</td>
			<td>The Baker Company</td>
			<td>SG603</td>
			<td>model: SterilGARD III Advance</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

isolation and flow cytometric analysis of glioma-infiltrating peripheral blood mononuclear cells

Il nostro laboratorio ha recentemente dimostrato che natural killer (NK), le cellule sono in grado di sradicare ortotopicamente impiantato GL26 topo e nel ratto CNS-1 gliomi maligni subito dopo attecchimento intracranica se le cellule tumorali sono resi carenti nella loro espressione della lectina galectina β-galactoside vincolante -1 (gal-1). Lavori più recenti mostra ora che una popolazione di + / CD11b + cellule mieloidi Gr-1 è fondamentale in tal senso. Per comprendere meglio i meccanismi con cui NK e le cellule mieloidi cooperano per conferire gal-1-deficienti rifiuto tumore abbiamo sviluppato un protocollo completo per l&#39;isolamento e l&#39;analisi delle cellule mononucleate del sangue periferico-gliomi infiltranti (PBMC). Il metodo è dimostrato qui confrontando PBMC infiltrazione nel microambiente tumorale di gal-1-esprimendo GL26 gliomi con quelli resi gal-1-carente via shRNA atterramento. Il protocollo inizia con una descrizione di come la cultura e la preparazione GL26 cells per inoculazione nella C57BL / 6J cervello singenico del mouse. E poi spiega i passi necessari per l&#39;isolamento e l&#39;analisi dei flussi di citometria-glioma infiltrarsi PBMC dei primi del microambiente tumorale al cervello. Il metodo è adattabile ad una serie di disegni in vivo sperimentali in cui è richiesta dati temporali sul infiltrazione immunitario nel cervello. Il metodo è sensibile e altamente riproducibile, come PBMC-gliomi infiltranti possono essere isolati da tumori intracranici appena 24 ore attecchimento post-tumore con conta di cellule simili osservati dal punto abbinato tumori tempo durante esperimenti indipendenti. Un singolo sperimentatore può eseguire il metodo dalla raccolta cervello per analisi citofluorimetrica delle PBMC-gliomi infiltranti in circa 4-6 ore a seconda del numero di campioni da analizzare. Modelli alternativi di glioma e / o anticorpi di rilevamento specifici per cellulari possono essere utilizzati anche a discrezione degli sperimentatori &#39;per valutare l&#39;infiltrazione di diversi altri immuntipi di cellule e di interesse, senza la necessità di modifica del procedimento generale.

La seguente strategia di gating viene utilizzato per un tipico esperimento: FSC-A e SSC-A → SSC-H e SSC-W → FSC-H vs. FSC-W → CD45 vs. conteggio → Gr-1 vs. CD11b → NK1.1 vs conteggio. Gates posto su Gr-1 le cellule mieloidi + / CD11b + e cellule NK1.1 + NK vengono poi stratificati sulla base di espressione GzmB (Figura 5A). Backgating quelle cellule identificate come cellule NK1.1 + NK e Gr-1 + / CD11b + cellule mieloidi in nost...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Isolation and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Glioma-infiltrating Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells at JoVE.com

Isolation and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Glioma-infiltrating Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells

Presentato ecco un metodo semplice per l&#39;isolamento e il flusso citometria di cellule mononucleate del sangue periferico gliomi infiltranti che produce dati quantitativi dipendenti dal tempo sul numero e l&#39;attivazione dello stato di cellule immunitarie che entrano presto microambiente tumorale al cervello.

Isolamento e analisi citofluorimetrica di-Glioma infiltrazione sangue periferico mononucleari Cellule

Our laboratory has recently demonstrated that natural killer (NK) cells are capable of eradicating orthotopically implanted mouse GL26 and rat CNS-1 ...

isolation-flow-cytometric-analysis-glioma-infiltrating-peripheral

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

15.6K Views.  University of Michigan.  Presentato ecco un metodo semplice per l'isolamento e il flusso citometria di cellule mononucleate del sangue periferico gliomi infiltranti che produce dati quantitativi dipendenti dal tempo sul numero e l'attivazione dello stato di cellule immunitarie che entrano presto microambiente tumorale al cervello. 

Video: Isolation and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Glioma-infiltrating Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells

Isolation of Mouse Peritoneal Cavity Cells

The peritoneal cavity is a membrane-bound and fluid-filled abdominal cavity of mammals, which contains the liver, spleen, most of the gastro-intestinal tract and other viscera. It harbors a number of immune cells including macrophages, B cells and T cells. The presence of a high number of na&iuml;ve macrophages in the peritoneal cavity makes it a preferred site for the collection of na&iuml;ve tissue resident macrophages (1). The peritoneal cavity is also important to the study of B cells because of the presence of a unique peritoneal cavity-resident B cell subset known as B1 cells in addition to conventional B2 cells. B1 cells are subdivided into B1a and B1b cells, which can be distinguished by the surface expression of CD11b and CD5. B1 cells are an important source of natural IgM providing early protection from a variety of pathogens (2-4). These cells are autoreactive in nature (5), but how they are controlled to prevent autoimmunity is still not understood completely. On the contrary, CD5+ B1a cells possess some regulatory properties by virtue of their IL-10 producing capacity (6). Therefore, peritoneal cavity B1 cells are an interesting cell population to study because of their diverse function and many unaddressed questions associated with their development and regulation. The isolation of peritoneal cavity resident immune cells is tricky because of the lack of a defined structure inside the peritoneal cavity. Our protocol will describe a procedure for obtaining viable immune cells from the peritoneal cavity of mice, which then can be used for phenotypic analysis by flow cytometry and for different biochemical and immunological assays.

The peritoneal cavity in mammals contains different immune cell populations crucial for innate immune responses. An efficient isolation method is required for biochemical and functional analyses of these cells. Here we provide a comprehensive method for the isolation of peritoneal cavity cells in the mouse.

Isolamento di cellule della cavità peritoneale mouse

The peritoneal cavity is a membrane-bound and fluid-filled abdominal cavity of mammals, which contains the liver, spleen, most of the gastro-intestinal ...

Ricerca

Immunologia e infezioni

Detecting Glycogen in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells with Periodic Acid Schiff Staining

Periodic acid Schiff (PAS) staining is an immunohistochemical technique used on muscle biopsies and as a diagnostic tool for blood samples. Polysaccharides such as glycogen, glycoproteins, and glycolipids stain bright magenta making it easy to enumerate positive and negative cells within the tissue. In muscle cells PAS staining is used to determine the glycogen content in different types of muscle cells, while in blood cell samples PAS staining has been explored as a diagnostic tool for a variety of conditions. Blood contains a proportion of white blood cells that belong to the immune system. The notion that cells of the immune system possess glycogen and use it as an energy source has not been widely explored. Here, we describe an adapted version of the PAS staining protocol that can be applied on peripheral blood mononuclear immune cells from human venous blood. Small cells with PAS-positive granules and larger cells with diffuse PAS staining were observed. Treatment of samples with amylase abrogates these patterns confirming the specificity of the stain. An alternate technique based on enzymatic digestion confirmed the presence and amount of glycogen in the samples. This protocol is useful for hematologists or immunologists studying polysaccharide content in blood-derived lymphocytes.

Periodic acid Schiff staining is a technique that visualizes the polysaccharide content of tissues. This article demonstrates periodic acid Schiff staining protocol adapted for use on peripheral blood mononuclear cells purified from human venous blood. Such samples are enriched for lymphocytes and other white blood cells of the immune system.

Rilevamento glicogeno in cellule periferiche mononucleate del sangue con Periodic Acid Schiff colorazione

Periodic acid Schiff (PAS) staining is an immunohistochemical technique used on muscle biopsies and as a diagnostic tool for blood samples. ...

Isolation and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Immune Cells from the Ischemic Mouse Brain

Ischemic stroke initiates a robust inflammatory response that starts in the intravascular compartment and involves rapid activation of brain resident cells. A key mechanism of this inflammatory response is the migration of circulating immune cells to the ischemic brain facilitated by chemokine release and increased endothelial adhesion molecule expression. Brain-invading leukocytes are well-known contributing to early-stage secondary ischemic injury, but their significance for the termination of inflammation and later brain repair has only recently been noticed.
Here, a simple protocol for the efficient isolation of immune cells from the ischemic mouse brain is provided. After transcardial perfusion, brain hemispheres are dissected and mechanically dissociated. Enzymatic digestion with Liberase&#160;is followed by density gradient (such as Percoll) centrifugation to remove myelin and cell debris. One major advantage of this protocol is the single-layer density gradient procedure which does not require time-consuming preparation of gradients and can be reliably performed. The approach yields highly reproducible cell counts per brain hemisphere and allows for measuring several flow cytometry panels in one biological replicate. Phenotypic characterization and quantification of brain-invading leukocytes after experimental stroke may contribute to a better understanding of their multifaceted roles in ischemic injury and repair.

Inflammation plays a central role in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke. Increasing evidence suggests that it acts as a double-edged sword which exacerbates early brain injury, but also contributes to later repair. This protocol describes the isolation of immune cells from the ischemic brain and their subsequent flow cytometric phenotyping.

Isolamento e analisi citofluorimetrica delle cellule immunitarie dal cervello ischemica mouse

Ischemic stroke initiates a robust inflammatory response that starts in the intravascular compartment and involves rapid activation of brain resident ...

Flow Cytometric Analysis of Natural Killer Cell Lytic Activity in Human Whole Blood

NK cell cytotoxicity is a widely used measure to determine the effect of outside intervention on NK cell function. However, the accuracy and reproducibility of this assay can be considered unstable, either because of user&#39;s errors or because of the sensitivity of NK cells to experimental manipulation. To eliminate these issues, a workflow that reduces them to a minimum was established and is presented here. To illustrate, we obtained blood samples, at various time points, from runners (n = 4) that were submitted to an intense bout of exercise. First, NK cells are simultaneously identified and isolated through CD56 tagging and magnetic-based sorting, directly from whole blood and from as little as one milliliter. The sorted NK cells are removed of any reagent or capping antibodies. They can be counted in order to establish an accurate NK cell count per milliliter of blood. Secondly, the sorted NK cells (effectors cells or E) can be mixed with 3,3&#39;-Diotadecyloxacarbocyanine Perchlorate (DiO) tagged K562 cells (target cells or T) at an assay-optimal 1:5 T:E ratio, and analyzed using an imaging flow-cytometer that allows for the visualization of each event and the elimination of any false positive or false negatives (such as doublets or effector cells). This workflow can be completed in about 4 h, and allows for very stable results even when working with human samples. When available, research teams can test several experimental interventions in human subjects, and compare measurements across several time points without compromising the data&#39;s integrity.

This work describes an advanced workflow for the accurate and fast determination of NK (Natural Killer) cell count and NK cell cytotoxicity in human blood samples.

Flusso analisi di citometria di Natural Killer cellulare Lytic attività nel Sangue umano intero

NK cell cytotoxicity is a widely used measure to determine the effect of outside intervention on NK cell function. However, the accuracy and ...

Isolation and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Human Endocervical Gamma Delta T Cells

The female reproductive tract (FRT) mucosal immune system serves as the first line of defense. Better knowledge of the genital mucosa is therefore essential for understanding pathogenicity of different pathogens including HIV. Gamma delta (GD) T cells are the prototype of &#39;unconventional&#39; T cells and represent a relatively small subset of T cells defined by their expression of heterodimeric T-cell receptors (TCRs) composed of gamma and delta chains. This sets them apart from the classical and much better known CD4+ helper T cells and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells that are defined by alpha-beta TCRs. GD T cells often show tissue-specific localization and are enriched in epithelium. GD T cells orchestrate immune responses in inflammation, tumor surveillance, infectious disease, and autoimmunity.
Here, we present a method to reproducibly isolate and analyze human endocervical intraepithelial GD T lymphocytes. We have used endocervical cytobrush samples from women participating in the Women&#39;s Interagency HIV Infection Study (WIHS). Knowledge about GD T cells interactions during conditions in which there is an insult to the vaginal mucosal could be applied to any clinical study in which mucosal vulnerability is addressed, including the development of vaginal microbicides.In addition, knowledge about mucosal GD T cell responses has potential for application of GD T cell-based immune therapy in treating infectious diseases.

We describe here an isolation method to obtain human endocervical intraepithelial lymphocytes for the analysis of intraepithelial gamma delta T cells. This protocol can be extended for the purification of endocervical gamma delta T cells by magnetic beads or by cell sorting.

L&#39;isolamento e la citometria a flusso Analisi di Human endocervicale Gamma Delta T Cells

The female reproductive tract (FRT) mucosal immune system serves as the first line of defense. Better knowledge of the genital mucosa is therefore ...

Digestion of the Murine Liver for a Flow Cytometric Analysis of Lymphatic Endothelial Cells

Within the liver, lymphatic vessels are found within the portal triad, and their described function is to remove interstitial fluid from the liver to the lymph nodes where cellular debris and antigens can be surveyed. We are very interested in understanding how the lymphatic vasculature might be involved in inflammation and immune cell function within the liver. However, very little has been published establishing digestion protocols for the isolation of lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) from the liver or specific markers that can be used to evaluate liver LECs on a per cell basis. Therefore, we optimized a method for the digestion and staining of the liver in order to evaluate the LEC population in the liver. We are confident that the method outlined here will be useful for the identification and isolation of LECs from the liver and will strengthen our understanding of how LECs respond to the liver microenvironment.

The goal of this protocol is to identify lymphatic endothelial cell populations within the liver using described markers. We utilize collagenase IV and DNase and a gentle mincing of tissue, combined with flow cytometry, to identify a distinct population of lymphatic endothelial cells.

Digestione del fegato murino per un'analisi citofluorimetrica delle cellule endoteliali linfatiche

Within the liver, lymphatic vessels are found within the portal triad, and their described function is to remove interstitial fluid from the liver to the ...

Digestion of Whole Mouse Eyes for Multi-Parameter Flow Cytometric Analysis of Mononuclear Phagocytes

The innate immune system plays important roles in ocular pathophysiology including uveitis, diabetic retinopathy, and age-related macular degeneration. Innate immune cells, specifically mononuclear phagocytes, express overlapping cell surface markers, which makes identifying these populations a challenge. Multi-parameter flow cytometry allows for the simultaneous, quantitative analysis of multiple cell surface markers in order to differentiate monocytes, macrophages, microglia, and dendritic cells in mouse eyes. This protocol describes the enucleation of whole mouse eyes, ocular dissection, digestion into a single cell suspension, and staining of the single cell suspension for myeloid cell markers. Additionally, we explain the proper methods for determining voltages using single color controls and for delineating positive gates using fluorescence minus one controls. The major limitation of multi-parameter flow cytometry is the absence of tissue architecture. This limitation can be overcome by multi-parameter flow cytometry of individual ocular compartments or complimentary immunofluorescence staining. However, immunofluorescence is limited by its lack of quantitative analysis and reduced number of fluorophores on most microscopes. We describe the use of multi-parametric flow cytometry to provide highly quantitative analysis of mononuclear phagocytes in laser-induced choroidal neovascularization. Additionally, multi-parameter flow cytometry can be used for the identification of macrophage subsets, fate mapping, and cell sorting for transcriptomic or proteomic studies.

This protocol provides a method to digest whole eyes into a single cell suspension for the purpose of multi-parameter flow cytometric analysis in order to identify specific ocular mononuclear phagocytic populations, including monocytes, microglia, macrophages, and dendritic cells.

Digestione di interi occhi di topo per l'analisi citometrica a flusso multi-parametro dei fagociti mononucleari

The innate immune system plays important roles in ocular pathophysiology including uveitis, diabetic retinopathy, and age-related macular degeneration. ...

Flotation-Based T Cell Isolation, Activation, and Expansion from Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell Samples Using Microbubbles

The process of isolating T cells from peripheral blood mononuclear&#160;cells (PBMCs) to establish ex vivo cultures is crucial for research, clinical testing, and cell-based therapies. In this study, a simple, novel protocol to isolate, activate, and expand T cells from PBMCs ex vivo is presented. This study utilizes functionalized buoyancy-activated cell sorting (BACS) technology to isolate and activate T cells. Briefly, the protocol involves the positive selection of CD3+ cells from leukopak-derived PBMCs, followed by a 48 h co-stimulation with pre-conjugated anti-CD28-bound streptavidin microbubbles (SAMBs) prior to transduction in 24-well plates. Functionalized microbubbles offer a unique opportunity to buoyantly activate cells, leading to proliferative phenotypes that allow for expansion with minimal exhaustion. This technique offers reduced exhaustion because the co-stimulatory microbubbles remain buoyant and return to the top of the culture medium, thus reducing the amount of time that the expanding cells are in contact with the co-stimulatory factors. The results indicate that the isolated and cultured T cells receive enough stimulation to activate and proliferate but not to an extent that leads to overactivation, which then leads to exhaustion, as demonstrated by the presence of excessive PD-1.

The objective of this study is to demonstrate the feasibility of flotation-based separation to isolate, activate, and expand primary human T cells.

Isolamento, attivazione ed espansione delle cellule T basate sulla flottazione da campioni di cellule mononucleate del sangue periferico umano utilizzando microbolle

The process of isolating T cells from peripheral blood mononuclear&#160;cells (PBMCs) to establish ex vivo cultures is crucial for research, clinical ...

Raccolta e crioconservazione PBMC per analisi bioenergetiche mitocondriali

Cryopreservation and Bioenergetic Evaluation of Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells

The physiological functions of eukaryotic cells rely on energy mainly provided by mitochondria. Mitochondrial dysfunction is linked to metabolic diseases and aging. Oxidative phosphorylation plays a decisive role, as it is crucial for the maintenance of energetic homeostasis. PBMCs have been identified as a minimally invasive sample to measure mitochondrial function and have been shown to reflect disease conditions. However, measurement of mitochondrial bioenergetic function can be limited by several factors in human samples. Limitations are the amount of samples taken, sampling time, which is often spread over several days, and locations. Cryopreservation of the collected samples can ensure consistent collection and measurement of samples. Care should be taken to ensure that the parameters measured are comparable between cryopreserved and freshly prepared cells. Here, we describe methods for isolating and cryopreserving PBMCs from human blood samples to analyze the bioenergetic function of the mitochondria in these cells. PBMC cryopreserved according to the protocol described here show only minor differences in cell number and viability, adenosine triphosphate levels, and measured respiratory chain activity compared with freshly harvested cells. Only 8-24 mL of human blood is needed for the described preparations, making it possible to collect samples during clinical studies multicentrally and determine their bioenergetics on site.

Autore in primo piano: Conservazione dei parametri bioenergetici nelle cellule mononucleate del sangue periferico dopo la crioconservazione 

Isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells can be used for the analysis of immune functions and disorders, metabolic diseases, or mitochondrial functions. In this work, we describe a standardized method for the preparation of PBMCs from whole blood and the subsequent cryopreservation. Cryopreservation makes this time and place independent.

Crioconservazione e valutazione bioenergetica delle cellule mononucleate del sangue periferico umano

The physiological functions of eukaryotic cells rely on energy mainly provided by mitochondria. Mitochondrial dysfunction is linked to metabolic diseases ...