<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>Valutazione del ciclo ovarico negli uistitì mediante prelievo di sangue e analisi ormonale

<ol>
	<li>Kholkute, S. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Plasma+progesterone+levels+throughout+the+ovarian+cycle+of+the+common+marmoset+(Callithrix+jacchus).">Plasma progesterone levels throughout the ovarian cycle of the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus).</a> Primates. 25 (1), 123-126 (1984).</li><li>Harding, R. D., Hulme, M. J., Lunn, S. F., Henderson, C., Aitken, R. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Plasma+progesterone+levels+throughout+the+ovarian+cycle+of+the+common+marmoset+(Callithrix+jacchus).">Plasma progesterone levels throughout the ovarian cycle of the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus).</a> J Med Primatol. 11 (1), 43-51 (1982).</li><li>Gilchrist, R. B., Wicherek, M., Heistermann, M., Nayudu, P. L., Hodges, J. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Changes+in+follicle-stimulating+hormone+and+follicle+populations+during+the+ovarian+cycle+of+the+common+marmoset.">Changes in follicle-stimulating hormone and follicle populations during the ovarian cycle of the common marmoset.</a> Biol Reprod. 64 (1), 127-135 (2001).</li><li>Gromoll, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+new+subclass+of+the+luteinizing+hormone/chorionic+gonadotropin+receptor+lacking+exon+10+messenger+RNA+in+the+New+World+monkey+(Platyrrhini)+lineage.">A new subclass of the luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin receptor lacking exon 10 messenger RNA in the New World monkey (Platyrrhini) lineage.</a> Biol Reprod. 69 (1), 75-80 (2003).</li><li>M&#252;ller, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chorionic+gonadotrophin+beta+subunit+mRNA+but+not+luteinising+hormone+beta+subunit+mRNA+is+expressed+in+the+pituitary+of+the+common+marmoset+(Callithrix+jacchus).">Chorionic gonadotrophin beta subunit mRNA but not luteinising hormone beta subunit mRNA is expressed in the pituitary of the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus).</a> J Mol Endocrinol. 32 (1), 115-128 (2004).</li><li>Pacchiarotti, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ovarian+stimulation+protocol+in+IVF:+an+up-to-date+review+of+the+literature.">Ovarian stimulation protocol in IVF: an up-to-date review of the literature.</a> Curr Pharm Biotechnol. 17 (4), 303-315 (2016).</li><li>Ezcurra, D., Humaidan, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+review+of+luteinising+hormone+and+human+chorionic+gonadotropin+when+used+in+assisted+reproductive+technology.">A review of luteinising hormone and human chorionic gonadotropin when used in assisted reproductive technology.</a> Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 12, 95 (2014).</li><li>Lopez-Gatius, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ovarian+response+to+prostaglandin+F(2alpha)+in+lactating+dairy+cows:+A+clinical+update.">Ovarian response to prostaglandin F(2alpha) in lactating dairy cows: A clinical update.</a> J Reprod Dev. 68 (2), 104-109 (2022).</li><li>Marini, R. P., Wachtman, L. M., Tardif, S. D., Mansfield, K., Fox, J. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> The Common Marmoset in Captivity and Biomedical Research. , (2018).</li><li>Schultz-Darken, N. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sample+collection+and+restraint+techniques+used+for+common+marmosets+(Callithrix+jacchus).">Sample collection and restraint techniques used for common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus).</a> Comp Med. 53 (4), 360-363 (2003).</li><li>Hopper, J., Kubik, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Common+marmosets.">Common marmosets.</a> Handbook of Exotic Pet. , 27-42 (2020).</li><li>Harlow, C. R., Hearn, J. P., Hodges, J. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ovulation+in+the+marmoset+monkey:+endocrinology,+prediction+and+detection.">Ovulation in the marmoset monkey: endocrinology, prediction and detection.</a> J Endocrinol. 103 (1), 17-24 (1984).</li><li>Ludlage, E., Mansfield, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Clinical+care+and+diseases+of+the+common+marmoset+(Callithrix+jacchus).">Clinical care and diseases of the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus).</a> Comp Med. 53 (4), 369-382 (2003).</li><li>Summers, P. M., Wennink, C. J., Hodges, J. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cloprostenol-induced+luteolysis+in+the+marmoset+monkey+(Callithrix+jacchus).">Cloprostenol-induced luteolysis in the marmoset monkey (Callithrix jacchus).</a> J Reprod Fertil. 73 (1), 133-138 (1985).</li><li>Takahashi, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Birth+of+healthy+offspring+following+ICSI+in+in+vitro-matured+common+marmoset+(Callithrix+jacchus)+oocytes.">Birth of healthy offspring following ICSI in in vitro-matured common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) oocytes.</a> PLoS One. 9 (4), e95560 (2014).</li><li>Tomioka, I., Takahashi, T., Shimada, A., Yoshioka, K., Sasaki, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Birth+of+common+marmoset+(Callithrix+jacchus)+offspring+derived+from+in+vitro-matured+oocytes+in+chemically+defined+medium.">Birth of common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) offspring derived from in vitro-matured oocytes in chemically defined medium.</a> Theriogenology. 78 (7), 1487-1493 (2012).</li><li>Abe, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Efficient+marmoset+genome+engineering+by+autologous+embryo+transfer+and+CRISPR/Cas9+technology.">Efficient marmoset genome engineering by autologous embryo transfer and CRISPR/Cas9 technology.</a> Sci Rep. 11 (1), 20234 (2021).</li><li>Summers, P. M., Shephard, A. M., Taylor, C. T., Hearn, J. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+effects+of+cryopreservation+and+transfer+on+embryonic+development+in+the+common+marmoset+monkey,+Callithrix+jacchus.">The effects of cryopreservation and transfer on embryonic development in the common marmoset monkey, Callithrix jacchus.</a> J Reprod Fertil. 79 (1), 241-250 (1987).</li><li>Thomson, J. A., Kalishman, J., Hearn, J. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Nonsurgical+uterine+stage+preimplantation+embryo+collection+from+the+common+marmoset.">Nonsurgical uterine stage preimplantation embryo collection from the common marmoset.</a> J Med Primatol. 23 (6), 333-336 (1994).</li><li>Hanazawa, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Minimally+invasive+transabdominal+collection+of+preimplantation+embryos+from+the+common+marmoset+monkey+(Callithrix+jacchus).">Minimally invasive transabdominal collection of preimplantation embryos from the common marmoset monkey (Callithrix jacchus).</a> Theriogenology. 78 (4), 811-816 (2012).</li><li>Ishibashi, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Efficient+embryo+transfer+in+the+common+marmoset+monkey+(Callithrix+jacchus)+with+a+reduced+transfer+volume:+a+non-surgical+approach+with+cryopreserved+late-stage+embryos.">Efficient embryo transfer in the common marmoset monkey (Callithrix jacchus) with a reduced transfer volume: a non-surgical approach with cryopreserved late-stage embryos.</a> Biol Reprod. 88 (5), 115 (2013).</li><li>Kishimoto, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Establishment+of+novel+common+marmoset+embryonic+stem+cell+lines+under+various+conditions.">Establishment of novel common marmoset embryonic stem cell lines under various conditions.</a> Stem Cell Res. 53, 102252 (2021).</li><li>Diehl, K. H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+good+practice+guide+to+the+administration+of+substances+and+removal+of+blood,+including+routes+and+volumes.">A good practice guide to the administration of substances and removal of blood, including routes and volumes.</a> J Appl Toxicol. 21 (1), 15-23 (2001).</li><li>Daskalaki, M., Drummer, C., Behr, R., Heistermann, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+use+of+alfaxalone+for+short-term+anesthesia+can+confound+serum+progesterone+measurements+in+the+common+marmoset:+a+case+report.">The use of alfaxalone for short-term anesthesia can confound serum progesterone measurements in the common marmoset: a case report.</a> Primate Biol. 9 (2), 23-28 (2022).</li><li>Hodges, J. K., Cottingham, P. G., Summers, P. M., Liang, Y. N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Controlled+ovulation+in+the+marmoset+monkey+(Callithrix+jacchus)+with+human+chorionic+gonadotropin+following+prostaglandin-induced+luteal+regression.">Controlled ovulation in the marmoset monkey (Callithrix jacchus) with human chorionic gonadotropin following prostaglandin-induced luteal regression.</a> Fertil Steril. 48 (2), 299-305 (1987).</li><li>Barrett, J., Abbott, D. H., George, L. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Extension+of+reproductive+suppression+by+pheromonal+cues+in+subordinate+female+marmoset+monkeys,+Callithrix+jacchus.">Extension of reproductive suppression by pheromonal cues in subordinate female marmoset monkeys, Callithrix jacchus.</a> J Reprod Fertil. 90 (2), 411-418 (1990).</li><li>Barrett, J., Abbott, D. H., George, L. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sensory+cues+and+the+suppression+of+reproduction+in+subordinate+female+marmoset+monkeys,+Callithrix+jacchus.">Sensory cues and the suppression of reproduction in subordinate female marmoset monkeys, Callithrix jacchus.</a> J Reprod Fertil. 97 (1), 301-310 (1993).</li></ol>

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>AIA-360</td>
			<td>Tosoh Corporation</td>
			<td>0019945</td>
			<td>Hormone measurement (P4/E2)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>AIA-PACK DILUENT CONCENTRATE</td>
			<td>Tosoh Corporation</td>
			<td>0020956</td>
			<td>Hormone measurement (P4/E2)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>AIA-PACK SUBSTRATE SET II</td>
			<td>Tosoh Corporation</td>
			<td>0020968</td>
			<td>Hormone measurement (P4/E2)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>AIA-PACK WASH CONCENTRATE</td>
			<td>Tosoh Corporation</td>
			<td>0020955</td>
			<td>Hormone measurement (P4/E2)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CMS-1</td>
			<td>CLEA Japan</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Marmoset food</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Estrumate</td>
			<td>MSD Animal Health</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>PGF2alpha analog (cloprostenol)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gonal-f Subcutaneous Injection 150</td>
			<td>Merck Biopharma Co., Ltd.</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>FSH</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gonatropin for intramuscular injection 1000</td>
			<td>ASKA Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.</td>
			<td>872413</td>
			<td>hCG</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Heparin sodium injection solution 5,000 units/5 mL</td>
			<td>Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.</td>
			<td>224122458</td>
			<td>Blood collection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Immunochromatographic Test Kit for Detection of Common Marmoset Chorionic Gonadotropin (Dual Checker)</td>
			<td>CLEA Japan, Inc.</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Determining CG level</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Low-profile double-arm microscope illumination LPF-SD</td>
			<td>SHIOKAZE GIKEN</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Desk lamp for blood collection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Marmoset blood collection restraint device</td>
			<td>JIC Japan</td>
			<td>JM-1006</td>
			<td>Blood collection 
			http://www.jic-japan.jp/prd/marmoset/prd016.html 
			email: vi@jic-japan.jp</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Metacam 0.05%</td>
			<td>Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health Japan Co., Ltd.</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Hematoma treatment</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sample Cup, 3 mL, PS, for Tosoh 360 and AIA-600 II, 1000/Bag</td>
			<td>Globe Scientific</td>
			<td>110913</td>
			<td>Hormone measurement (P4/E2)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ST AIA-PACK iE2</td>
			<td>Tosoh Corporation</td>
			<td>0025224</td>
			<td>Hormone measurement (P4/E2)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ST AIA-PACK iE2 CALIBRATOR SET</td>
			<td>Tosoh Corporation</td>
			<td>0025324</td>
			<td>Hormone measurement (P4/E2)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ST AIA-PACK iE2 SAMPLE DILUTING SOLUTION</td>
			<td>Tosoh Corporation</td>
			<td>0025524</td>
			<td>Hormone measurement (P4/E2)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ST AIA-PACK PROGIII</td>
			<td>Tosoh Corporation</td>
			<td>0025240</td>
			<td>Hormone measurement (P4/E2)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ST AIA-PACK PROGIII CALIBRATOR SET</td>
			<td>Tosoh Corporation</td>
			<td>0025340</td>
			<td>Hormone measurement (P4/E2)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ST AIA-PACK PROGIII SAMPLE DILUTING SOLUTION</td>
			<td>Tosoh Corporation</td>
			<td>&#160;0025540</td>
			<td>Hormone measurement (P4/E2)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Syringe with 25 G (0.50 x 25 mm) needle</td>
			<td>TERUMO</td>
			<td>SS-01T2525</td>
			<td>Blood collection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tensolvet 5.000 I.E. gel.</td>
			<td>Dechra Pharmaceuticals</td>
			<td>14033492</td>
			<td>Hematoma treatment</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>TOSOH MULTI-CONTROL SET</td>
			<td>Tosoh Corporation</td>
			<td>0015965</td>
			<td>Hormone measurement (P4/E2)</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

blood sampling and hormone measurement for determining the stage in the ovarian cycle in marmosets

The common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) is a small New World monkey with many characteristics similar to those of humans, and the duration of its ovarian cycle is 26-30 days1,2. Studies on the early development and the generation of genetically modified marmosets require the harvesting of oocytes and zygotes at specific stages in the ovarian cycle. Thus, accurate determination of the stage is crucial and can be estimated by measuring the blood levels of the hormones progesterone (P4) and estradiol (E2)2,3. These hormones promote endometrial growth, which is necessary for implantation. P4 is produced from the corpus luteum, which forms in ovaries immediately following ovulation. E2 is secreted by the ovarian follicles in response to follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) from the hypothalamus-pituitary complex in the brain. E2 levels increase as the follicle matures, peaking before ovulation3. High E2 levels cause the pulsed release of luteinizing hormone (LH) via the hypothalamus-pituitary complex in humans; this LH surge induces ovulation. However, in marmosets, the LH gene underwent degeneration during evolution, and ovulation is instead induced by the release of chorionic gonadotropin (CG), which has a similar structure to LH&#39;s, from the pituitary gland4,5.
The ovarian cycle can be controlled by hormone injections. FSH injections, in humans, act on ovarian FSH receptors and are used to promote estrogen synthesis and follicle growth6. The injection of human CG (hCG) as a substitute for LH at the end of the follicular phase is used to stimulate ovulation in humans7. CG injections are also used to treat human infertility because CG stimulates the corpus luteum in early pregnancy, resulting in increased P4 production. Prostaglandin F2&#945; (PGF2&#945;) injections reset the ovarian cycle8. In domestic cattle, PGF2&#945; injection is used to shorten the luteal phase and synchronize the estrus cycle for reproductive management.
Although marmosets and humans have similar biological mechanisms, making them ideal model animals, there is a lack of literature describing basic methods for many often-used techniques. Blood sampling is one of the most often used techniques9,10,11,12. However, beginners sometimes have trouble finding the vein. Hence, this study conducted anatomical analyses of the femoral vein region. Based on anatomical observations, this protocol introduces the proximal region of the femoral triangle as an easy site for venipuncture.

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>Autore in primo piano: Far progredire la primatologia attraverso la ricerca sulle cellule germinali e le tecniche di modificazione genetica

Prelievo di sangue e misurazione ormonale per determinare lo stadio del ciclo ovarico negli uistitì

Common marmosets are small New World monkeys. Since many of their biological mechanisms are similar to those of humans, marmosets are potentially useful ...

blood-sampling-hormone-measurement-for-determining-stage-ovarian

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

Blood Sampling and Hormone Measurement for Determining the Stage in the Ovarian Cycle in Marmosets

566 Views.  National Center for Child Health and Development. Stiamo lavorando su due aspetti principali. In primo luogo, miriamo a comprendere le cellule germinali maschili nei primati, compresi gli esseri umani. Ci stiamo concentrando sulle cellule staminali spermatogoniali e sull'instaurazione della metilazione del DNA.In secondo luogo, miriamo a sviluppare nuove tecniche per la produzione di uistitì geneticamente modificati. La generazione di uistitì geneticamente modificati richiede un grande impegno. Una ...

Video: Autore in primo piano: Far progredire la primatologia attraverso la ricerca sulle cellule germinali e le tecniche di modificazione genetica

Common marmosets are small New World monkeys. Since many of their biological mechanisms are similar to those of humans, marmosets are potentially useful for medical and human biology research across a range of fields, such as neuroscience, regenerative medicine, and development. However, there is a lack of literature describing methods for many basic experiments and procedures. Here, detailed methods for determining the levels of sex hormones (progesterone, estradiol, and chorionic gonadotropin) in marmosets are described. The measurement of these hormones enables the prediction of the stage in the ovarian cycle, which is typically 26-30 days in marmosets; accurate determination is essential for the harvesting of oocytes/zygotes at the correct time point and for the preparation of host females for the generation of genetically modified marmosets. 
Additionally, the measurement of sex hormone levels is useful for endocrinology, ethology, early development, and reproductive biology studies. This protocol provides a detailed description of the methods for blood sampling from the femoral vein, separation of plasma for hormone measurement, measuring chorionic gonadotropin levels using urine and plasma, resetting the ovarian cycle using injections of a prostaglandin F2&#945; analog to shorten and synchronize the cycle, and promoting follicular growth and ovulation by injecting follicle-stimulating hormone and chorionic gonadotropin. Using these protocols, the stages in the ovarian cycle can be determined for the timely collection of oocytes/zygotes.

This protocol describes blood and urine sampling for measuring progesterone/estradiol and chorionic gonadotropin levels to determine the ovarian cycle stage. The hormone levels are used to predict and determine the timing of ovulation and hormones are injected to regulate the ovarian cycle and oocyte growth.