This work was funded by a National Institutes of Health R01 (DC009453 support to CWB).

注：前に唾液サンプルを提供するために、すべての被験者は、全国の小児病院でのヒト対象の治療のためのガイドラインに準拠したインフォームドコンセントを与えた。 1唾液の収集と保管<ol><li>唾液収集の前に、被験者の口は、被験者が水で彼らの口をすすぎ有し、食べないように、またはサンプルを収集する前に、30分間、飲むことによって食物やその他の異物がないことを保証する。 </li><li>必ずキャップやチューブの内側に触れないようにすること、DNAの安定化緩衝液2の2.5ミリリットルと15ミリリットルの遠心管を開き、被写体が緩衝溶液中に唾液の2.5ミリリットルを吐くがある。注：唾液以上の2.5ミリリットルを収集するには、サンプルの不十分な比率からのDNAの安定化バッファにサンプルの劣化につながることができます。少なすぎる唾液を収集するプロトコルから、期待利回りが低下します。収集量を評価するために、tの側の偶数勾配を使用し彼はチューブ。 </li><li>キャップを元に戻し、混合物を均質化されるまで転倒混和。激しく振盪は必要ありません。短期保存または長期保存のために4°C（&gt; 3ヶ月）のための室温​​でサンプルを記憶する。 </li></ol> 2。初期準備と細胞溶解<ol><li>抽出を開始する前に、37℃に水浴を加熱し、氷のバケツを用意。三つ15ミリリットルの円錐遠心管に抽出された各サンプルのために必要とされる。 3本のチューブは、細胞およびタンパク質ペレットを、最終的な抽出のgDNA、イソプロパノールおよびエタノール上清を保持するために使用される。 </li><li> 15秒間、次に中程度の速度で渦をストレージからのサンプル、及び転化サンプル数回を取得します。 </li><li>清潔な15mlの遠心管にサンプル2.5mlの分注、および細胞溶解溶液の5ミリリットルを追加。反転によって試料を50回混合し、室温で30分間インキュベートする。 </li></ol> 3 RNAの取り外し<ol><li> RNase Aをソルの40μl添加100 mg / mlの少なくともution、15分間37℃でインキュベートする。 </li><li> 37℃の水浴からサンプルを取り出し、3分間氷上で冷却する。 <ol><li> RNアーゼAのインキュベーション後、プロトコルのDNAの再水和工程のために65℃の水浴の温度を上昇させる。 </li></ol></li></ol> 4。タンパク質および脂質の除去<ol><li> 、ミリリットル/ 20 mgのでプロテイナーゼK溶液50μLを追加逆さにして数回混合し、最低30分間​​RTでインキュベートする。注：これは、プロトコルのための可能なポーズポイントです。抽出が完了できるまで、プロテイナーゼK溶液を加えた後、試料を4℃で保存することができる。最大24時間、4℃での貯蔵は、抽出収率またはDNAの質に大きな影響を有することが示されなかった。この段階での長期保管は、評価されていない。 </li><li>タンパク質沈殿溶液、高速で20秒間激しくボルテックスし、氷上で10分間場所の1.7ミリリットルを追加します。 </lI&gt; <li>サンプルを10分間、3000×gで10分間遠心分離し、4℃、氷上で冷却した後。沈殿したタンパク質は、継続して固いペレットを形成しなければならない。ペレットがタイトではないか、解決策はまだ濁っている場合には、サンプルはより5分間氷上で冷却することができるし、遠心分離を繰り返した。サンプルは固いペレットを確実にするために氷上に保持されなければならない。 </li></ol> gDNAの5。単離および精製<ol><li>清潔な15mlの遠心管に、ピペットイソプロパノール5mlのおよび20mg / mlの純粋なグリコーゲンソリューション8μlの。 </li><li>沈殿したタンパク質ペレットを残し、イソプロパノールおよびグリコーゲン溶液を含むチューブにステップ4.3からのgDNAを含む上清を注ぐ。上清が添加された後、穏やかに3000×gで、4℃で30分間反転遠心によって試料を50回混合する。 </li><li>清潔な15mlチューブにゆっくりと上澄みを注ぐ。上清を除去した後、70％エタノールを1ml加えるゆっくりと揺れ、ゆっくりと沈殿したペレットを数回にわたってエタノールを移動させることにより、ペレットを洗浄。チューブ内のエタノールを保持します。 </li><li>最初の洗浄の後、2000×gで、20℃で1分間のサンプルを集める。この遠心分離工程は、4℃または20℃のいずれかで行うことができる。温度の有意な影響は、このステップのために示されていない。 </li><li>ペレットの最初の洗浄および遠心分離した後、ゆっくりとステップ5.3および5.4を繰り返して二回目の洗浄を行い、その後、チューブからエタノール洗浄を注ぐと捨てる。 </li><li>二回目の洗浄から上清を除去した後、15分間空気乾燥ペレットを可能にする。 <ol><li>試料が完全に乾燥していない場合、さらに15分間空気乾燥。 </li></ol></li></ol> gDNAの6。再水和<ol><li>サンプルが乾燥した後、乾燥させたgDNAペレットを再水和するトリス-EDTAを300μlを追加。 </li><li>中程度の速度と場所で5秒間のボルテックスのサンプル1時間65℃の湯浴。 </li><li>水浴からサンプルを取り出し、室温でO / Nインキュベートする。 注：すべての製 ​​品および試薬材料表にリストされて使用されるだけでなく、 表4。 </li></ol>

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The authors have nothing to disclose.

本手順は、かなりDNAの品質を損なうことなく、標準的な方法に比べて高分子量DNAの収量が改善された最適化されたDNA抽出プロトコルである。収量を最大限に最も大きな影響を持つ重要なステップは、広く11を配布していなかったものを除く、ここでレビュー公開済みプロトコルよりエタノール沈殿中に長い遠心分離工程を含むステップ5.2であった。この長い遠心分離と関連するDNAの質...

ヒト遺伝子研究のための高品質のDNAを得ることは、疾患遺伝子発見プロセスに不可欠である。血液は、侵襲的処置を必要とし、また、唾液収集よりも高価であるものの、機能的研究のためのDNA、またはiPS細胞の無限の供給源として不死化細胞株を作成するために好まれ、そして細胞株が利用できない場合、時には血液DNAが使用される。しかし、血液を得ることは訓練された瀉血専門医を必要とし、血液、唾液1より短い半減期を有する。それによりよく病院や研究室2の集水域を越えて潜在的な対象プールを増加、瀉血専門医を必要とせずにメールを介して収集して送信することができますので、唾液からのDNAを、安価で入手が容易である。被験者はその代わりに、血液3,4の唾液試料を提供するオプションを有する場合、研究登録を向上させることができる。唾液からのDNAの量と質についての懸念は、その広範なたちが限られている可能性唾液2、3、4、5、かなりの量を取得しなかった古い頬スワブ法よりもDNA検査のためのミリリットル当たり4.3×10 5細胞の平均で、全唾液の適合性を示す多くの研究の最近の研究にもかかわらず、電子、ささやかな文献は、マイクロアレイに基づく方法8,9,10を含むジェノタイピングアプリケーション用の全唾液由来のDNAの適合性を示す存在するが6。、何の研究では、次世代シーケンシング（NGS）を検討していない。この全体の唾液のDNA抽出プロトコルを最適化するための目標は、簡単に一般的な試薬や消耗品研究所で実施され、コスト効果の高い方法で遺伝学·アプリケーションの量と質を最大にすることであった。 1）収集および記憶、2）細胞溶解、3）RNase処理、4）タンパク質沈殿、5）エタノール沈殿、6）DNAの再水和：唾液からのDNA抽出は、いくつかの手順が必要である。記載のDNA安定化緩衝液、以前2、変更することなく十分に機能します。 RNase処理とDNA再水和工程を最適化する試みはなされなかった。残りの各ステップについては、歩留まりに影響を与える可能性がいくつかの変数を同定した。各変数は、個別に操作され、収量と品質の改善が統計的に評価した。収率および/またはDNAの質を改善することが示された変数の場合、最適値は、最終的なプロトコールに含めた。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="260">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="49">
			<td height="49" style="height:49px;width:88px;">15ml Centrifuge Tubes</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:84px;">12-565-268</td>
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		<tr height="33">
			<td height="33" style="height:33px;width:88px;">Cell Lysis Solution</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">Qiagen</td>
			<td style="width:84px;">158908</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:88px;">Proteinase K</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:84px;">P6556</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="49">
			<td height="49" style="height:49px;width:88px;">Protein Precipitation Solution</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">Qiagen</td>
			<td style="width:84px;">158912</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:88px;">Isopropanol</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:84px;">A416-4</td>
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			<td style="width:84px;">BP2473-1</td>
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			<td height="33" style="height:33px;width:88px;">NaCl</td>
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			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:88px;">Tris HCl</td>
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			<td style="width:84px;">BP1757-100</td>
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			<td height="33" style="height:33px;width:88px;">EDTA(0.5M) Solution</td>
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			<td height="49" style="height:49px;width:88px;">Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:84px;">BP166-100&#160;</td>
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			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Equipment</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;"></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:88px;">Name of Equipment</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">Distributor</td>
			<td style="width:84px;">Catalog#</td>
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		<tr height="64">
			<td height="64" style="height:64px;width:88px;">Analog Vortex Mixer</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:84px;">02-215-365</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:88px;">Centrifuge 5810R</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">Eppendorf</td>
			<td style="width:84px;">5811 000.010</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

collection and extraction of saliva dna for next generation sequencing

The preferred source of DNA in human genetics research is blood, or cell lines derived from blood, as these sources yield large quantities of high quality DNA. However, DNA extraction from saliva can yield high quality DNA with little to no degradation/fragmentation that is suitable for a variety of DNA assays without the expense of a phlebotomist and can even be acquired through the mail. However, at present, no saliva DNA collection/extraction protocols for next generation sequencing have been presented in the literature. This protocol optimizes parameters of saliva collection/storage and DNA extraction to be of sufficient quality and quantity for DNA assays with the highest standards, including microarray genotyping and next generation sequencing.

DNAは対になったDNA抽出のシリーズが行われた抽出のための最適なパラメータを決定すること。単一の唾液試料は、与えられた変数のための2つの可能な値の一つで分割し、各部分を試験した。各ペアの試験のうち、少なくとも8回の反復は、（ 例えば 、単一の唾液サンプルを用いて、初期50℃でのインキュベーションない場合の両方の抽出をテストするために等分した）を実施した。断...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Collection and Extraction of Saliva DNA for Next Generation Sequencing at JoVE.com

Collection and Extraction of Saliva DNA for Next Generation Sequencing

DNA extraction from saliva can provide a readily available source of high molecular weight DNA, with little to no degradation/fragmentation. This protocol provides optimized parameters for saliva collection/storage and DNA extraction to be of sufficient quality and quantity for downstream DNA assays with high quality requirements.

次世代シーケンシングのための収集と唾液DNAの抽出

The preferred source of DNA in human genetics research is blood, or cell lines derived from blood, as these sources yield large quantities of high quality ...

collection-and-extraction-of-saliva-dna-for-next-generation-sequencing

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38.8K ビュー.  The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital. DNA extraction from saliva can provide a readily available source of high molecular weight DNA, with little to no degradation/fragmentation. This protocol provides optimized parameters for saliva collection/storage and DNA extraction to be of sufficient quality and quantity for downstream DNA assays with high quality requirements.

ビデオ: Collection and Extraction of Saliva DNA for Next Generation Sequencing

Generation of Alginate Microspheres for Biomedical Applications

Alginate-based materials have received considerable attention for biomedical applications because of their hydrophilic nature, biocompatibility, and physical architecture. Applications include cell encapsulation, drug delivery, stem cell culture, and tissue engineering scaffolds. In fact, clinical trials are currently being performed in which islets are encapsulated in PLO coated alginate microbeads as a treatment of type I diabetes. However, large numbers of islets are required for efficacy due to poor survival following transplantation. The ability to locally stimulate microvascular network formation around the encapsulated cells may increase their viability through improved transport of oxygen, glucose and other vital nutrients. Fibroblast growth factor-1 (FGF-1) is a naturally occurring growth factor that is able to stimulate blood vessel formation and improve oxygen levels in ischemic tissues. The efficacy of FGF-1 is enhanced when it is delivered in a sustained fashion rather than a single large-bolus administration. The local long-term release of growth factors from islet encapsulation systems could stimulate the growth of blood vessels directly towards the transplanted cells, potentially improving functional graft outcomes. In this article, we outline procedures for the preparation of alginate microspheres for use in biomedical applications. In addition, we describe a method we developed for generating multilayered alginate microbeads. Cells can be encapsulated in the inner alginate core, and angiogenic proteins in the outer alginate layer. The release of proteins from this outer layer would stimulate the formation of local microvascular networks directly towards the transplanted islets.

In the following sections, we outline procedures for the preparation of alginate microspheres for use in biomedical applications. We specifically illustrate a technique for creating multilayered alginate microspheres for the dual purpose of cell and protein encapsulation as a potential treatment for type 1 diabetes.

バイオメディカル応用のためのアルギン酸ミクロスフェアの生成

Alginate-based materials have received considerable attention for biomedical applications because of their hydrophilic nature, biocompatibility, and ...

医学

The &alpha;-test: Rapid Cell-free CD4 Enumeration Using Whole Saliva

There is an urgent need for affordable CD4 enumeration to monitor HIV disease. CD4 enumeration is out of reach in resource-limited regions due to the time and temperature restrictions, technical sophistication, and cost of reagents, in particular monoclonal antibodies to measure CD4 on blood cells, the only currently acceptable method. A commonly used cost-saving and time-saving laboratory strategy is to calculate, rather than measure certain blood values. For example, LDL levels are calculated using the measured levels of total cholesterol, HDL, and triglycerides1. Thus, identification of cell-free correlates that directly regulate the number of CD4+ T cells could provide an accurate method for calculating CD4 counts due to the physiological relevance of the correlates.
The number of stem cells that enter blood and are destined to become circulating CD4+ T cells is determined by the chemokine CXCL12 and its receptor CXCR4 due to their influence on locomotion2. The process of stem cell locomotion into blood is additionally regulated by cell surface human leukocyte elastase (HLECS) and the HLECS-reactive active &alpha;1proteinase inhibitor (&alpha;1PI, &alpha;1antitrypsin, SerpinA1)3. In HIV-1 disease, &alpha;1PI is inactivated due to disease processes 4. In the early asymptomatic categories of HIV-1 disease, active &alpha;1PI was found to be below normal in 100% of untreated HIV-1 patients (median=12 &mu;M, and to achieve normal levels during the symptomatic categories4, 5. This pattern has been attributed to immune inactivation, not to insufficient synthesis, proteolytic inactivation, or oxygenation. We observed that in HIV-1 subjects with &gt;220 CD4 cells/&mu;l, CD4 counts were correlated with serum levels of active &alpha;1PI (r2=0.93, p&lt;0.0001, n=26) and inactive &alpha;1PI (r2=0.91, p&lt;0.0001, n=26) 5. Administration of &alpha;1PI to HIV-1 infected and uninfected subjects resulted in dramatic increases in CD4 counts suggesting &alpha;1PI participates in regulating the number of CD4+ T cells in blood 3.
With stimulation, whole saliva contains sufficient serous exudate (plasma containing proteinaceous material that passes through blood vessel walls into saliva) to allow measurement of active &alpha;1PI and the correlation of this measurement is evidence that it is an accurate method for calculating CD4 counts. Briefly, sialogogues such as chewing gum or citric acid stimulate the exudation of serum into whole mouth saliva. After stimulating serum exudation, the activity of serum &alpha;1PI in saliva is measured by its capacity to inhibit elastase activity. Porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE) is a readily available inexpensive source of elastase. PPE binds to &alpha;1PI forming a one-to-one complex that prevents PPE from cleaving its specific substrates, one of which is the colorimetric peptide, succinyl-L-Ala-L-Ala-L-Ala-p-nitroanilide (SA3NA). Incubating saliva with a saturating concentration of PPE for 10 min at room temperature allows the binding of PPE to all the active &alpha;1PI in saliva. The resulting inhibition of PPE by active &alpha;1PI can be measured by adding the PPE substrate SA3NA. (Figure 1). Although CD4 counts are measured in terms of blood volume (CD4 cells/&mu;l), the concentration of &alpha;1PI in saliva is related to the concentration of serum in saliva, not to volume of saliva since volume can vary considerably during the day and person to person6. However, virtually all the protein in saliva is due to serum content, and the protein content of saliva is measurable7. Thus, active &alpha;1PI in saliva is calculated as a ratio to saliva protein content and is termed the &alpha;1PI Index. Results presented herein demonstrate that the &alpha;1PI Index provides an accurate and precise physiologic method for calculating CD4 counts.

The &amp;#945;-test: Rapid Cell-free CD4 Enumeration Using Whole Saliva

A CD4 enumeration method, the &#x03B1;-test, is described which uses whole saliva to provide rapid and accurate CD4 counts. The &alpha;-test costs pennies and eliminates the need for technical training, costly reagents such as monoclonal antibodies, instrumentation, refrigeration, transport of samples, as well as collection and handling of blood.

α-テスト：全唾液を用いた迅速な無細胞CD4列挙

There is an urgent need for affordable CD4 enumeration to monitor HIV disease. CD4 enumeration is out of reach in resource-limited regions due to the time ...

Collection Protocol for Human Pancreas

This dissection and sampling procedure was developed for the Network for Pancreatic Organ Donors with Diabetes (nPOD) program to standardize preparation of pancreas recovered from cadaveric organ donors. The pancreas is divided into 3 main regions (head, body, tail) followed by serial transverse sections throughout the medial to lateral axis. Alternating sections are used for fixed paraffin and fresh frozen blocks and remnant samples are minced for snap frozen sample preparations, either with or without RNAse inhibitors, for DNA, RNA, or protein isolation. The overall goal of the pancreas dissection procedure is to sample the entire pancreas while maintaining anatomical orientation.
Endocrine cell heterogeneity in terms of islet composition, size, and numbers is reported for human islets compared to rodent islets 1. The majority of human islets from the pancreas head, body and tail regions are composed of insulin-containing &beta;-cells followed by lower proportions of glucagon-containing &alpha;-cells and somatostatin-containing &delta;-cells. Pancreatic polypeptide-containing PP cells and ghrelin-containing epsilon cells are also present but in small numbers. In contrast, the uncinate region contains islets that are primarily composed of pancreatic polypeptide-containing PP cells 2. These regional islet variations arise from developmental differences. The pancreas develops from the ventral and dorsal pancreatic buds in the foregut and after rotation of the stomach and duodenum, the ventral lobe moves and fuses with the dorsal 3. The ventral lobe forms the posterior portion of the head including the uncinate process while the dorsal lobe gives rise to the rest of the organ. Regional pancreatic variation is also reported with the tail region having higher islet density compared to other regions and the dorsal lobe-derived components undergoing selective atrophy in type 1 diabetes4,5.
Additional organs and tissues are often recovered from the organ donors and include pancreatic lymph nodes, spleen and non-pancreatic lymph nodes. These samples are recovered with similar formats as for the pancreas with the addition of isolation of cryopreserved cells. When the proximal duodenum is included with the pancreas, duodenal mucosa may be collected for paraffin and frozen blocks and minced snap frozen preparations.

This video demonstrates a dissection procedure for processing human pancreas into multiple storage formats. Anatomical orientation is maintained throughout the pancreatic regions to allow definition of regional islet composition and density.

ヒト膵臓の収集プロトコル

This dissection and sampling procedure was developed for the Network for Pancreatic Organ Donors with Diabetes (nPOD) program to standardize preparation ...

Collecting Saliva and Measuring Salivary Cortisol and Alpha-amylase in Frail Community Residing Older Adults via Family Caregivers

Salivary measures have emerged in bio-behavioral research that are easy-to-collect, minimally invasive, and relatively inexpensive biologic markers of stress. This article we present the steps for collection and analysis of two salivary assays in research with frail, community residing older adults-salivary cortisol and salivary alpha amylase. The field of salivary bioscience is rapidly advancing and the purpose of this presentation is to provide an update on the developments for investigators interested in integrating these measures into research on aging. Strategies are presented for instructing family caregivers in collecting saliva in the home, and for conducting laboratory analyses of salivary analytes that have demonstrated feasibility, high compliance, and yield quality specimens. The protocol for sample collection includes: (1) consistent use of collection materials; (2) standardized methods that promote adherence and minimize subject burden; and (3) procedures for controlling certain confounding agents. We also provide strategies for laboratory analyses include: (1) saliva handling and processing; (2) salivary cortisol and salivary alpha amylase assay procedures; and (3) analytic considerations.

We demonstrate: (1) procedures for collection of salivary samples in cognitive impaired older adults by family caregivers in the home setting, (2) procedures for measuring stress activity via salivary cortisol and alpha amylase, and (3) representative profiles. Protocols that allow researchers to study stress-linked processes advance our understanding of biological sensitivity and susceptibility.

唾液を収集し、家族介護者を経由して高齢者を居住する虚弱コミュニティ唾液コルチゾールおよびα-アミラーゼの測定

Salivary measures have emerged in bio-behavioral research  that are easy-to-collect, minimally invasive, and relatively inexpensive  biologic markers of ...

A Next-generation Tissue Microarray (ngTMA) Protocol for Biomarker Studies

Biomarker research relies on tissue microarrays (TMA). TMAs are produced by repeated transfer of small tissue cores from a &#8216;donor&#8217; block into a &#8216;recipient&#8217; block and then used for a variety of biomarker applications. The construction of conventional TMAs is labor intensive, imprecise, and time-consuming. Here, a protocol using next-generation Tissue Microarrays (ngTMA) is outlined. ngTMA is based on TMA planning and design, digital pathology, and automated tissue microarraying. The protocol is illustrated using an example of 134 metastatic colorectal cancer patients. Histological, statistical and logistical aspects are considered, such as the tissue type, specific histological regions, and cell types for inclusion in the TMA, the number of tissue spots, sample size, statistical analysis, and number of TMA copies. Histological slides for each patient are scanned and uploaded onto a web-based digital platform. There, they are viewed and annotated (marked) using a 0.6-2.0 mm diameter tool, multiple times using various colors to distinguish tissue areas. Donor blocks and 12 &#8216;recipient&#8217; blocks are loaded into the instrument. Digital slides are retrieved and matched to donor block images. Repeated arraying of annotated regions is automatically performed resulting in an ngTMA. In this example, six ngTMAs are planned containing six different tissue types/histological zones. Two copies of the ngTMAs are desired. Three to four slides for each patient are scanned; 3 scan runs are necessary and performed overnight. All slides are annotated; different colors are used to represent the different tissues/zones, namely tumor center, invasion front, tumor/stroma, lymph node metastases, liver metastases, and normal tissue. 17 annotations/case are made; time for annotation is 2-3 min/case. 12 ngTMAs are produced containing 4,556 spots. Arraying time is 15-20 hr. Due to its precision, flexibility and speed, ngTMA is a powerful tool to further improve the quality of TMAs used in clinical and translational research.

A Next-generation Tissue Microarray ngTMA Protocol for Biomarker Studies

The protocol aims at optimizing the construction and quality of tissue microarrays for biomarker research. It includes aspects of planning and design, digital pathology, virtual slide annotation, and automated tissue arraying.

バイオマーカー研究のための次世代組織マイクロアレイ（ngTMA）プロトコル

Biomarker research relies on tissue microarrays (TMA). TMAs are produced by repeated transfer of small tissue cores from a &#8216;donor&#8217; block into ...

Integration of Wet and Dry Bench Processes Optimizes Targeted Next-generation Sequencing of Low-quality and Low-quantity Tumor Biopsies

All next-generation sequencing (NGS) procedures include assays performed at the laboratory bench (&#34;wet bench&#34;) and data analyses conducted using bioinformatics pipelines (&#34;dry bench&#34;). Both elements are essential to produce accurate and reliable results, which are particularly critical for clinical laboratories. Targeted NGS technologies have increasingly found favor in oncology applications to help advance precision medicine objectives, yet the methods often involve disconnected and variable wet and dry bench workflows and uncoordinated reagent sets. In this report, we describe a method for sequencing challenging cancer specimens with a 21-gene panel as an example of a comprehensive targeted NGS system. The system integrates functional DNA quantification and qualification, single-tube multiplexed PCR enrichment, and library purification and normalization using analytically-verified, single-source reagents with a standalone bioinformatics suite. As a result, accurate variant calls from low-quality and low-quantity formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) and fine-needle aspiration (FNA) tumor biopsies can be achieved. The method can routinely assess cancer-associated variants from an input of 400 amplifiable DNA copies, and is modular in design to accommodate new gene content. Two different types of analytically-defined controls provide quality assurance and help safeguard call accuracy with clinically-relevant samples. A flexible &#34;tag&#34; PCR step embeds platform-specific adaptors and index codes to allow sample barcoding and compatibility with common benchtop NGS instruments. Importantly, the protocol is streamlined and can produce 24 sequence-ready libraries in a single day. Finally, the approach links wet and dry bench processes by incorporating pre-analytical sample quality control results directly into the variant calling algorithms to improve mutation detection accuracy and differentiate false-negative and indeterminate calls. This targeted NGS method uses advances in both wetware and software to achieve high-depth, multiplexed sequencing and sensitive analysis of heterogeneous cancer samples for diagnostic applications.

An integrated system for targeted next-generation sequencing of oncology specimens is described. This cross-platform system is optimized for low-quality and low-quantity tumor biopsies, accommodates low DNA inputs, includes well-characterized multi-variant controls, and features a novel variant caller that is informed by quantitative pre-analytical quality control measures.

ウェットとドライベンチ・プロセスの統合は、低品質と低量腫瘍生検の標的次世代シーケンシングを最適化

All next-generation sequencing (NGS) procedures include assays performed at the laboratory bench (&#34;wet bench&#34;) and data analyses conducted using ...

改変キットを用いた経済的な珪藻DNA抽出

Extraction of Diatom DNA from Water Samples and Tissues

Diatom testing is an essential auxiliary means in forensic practice to determine whether the corpse drowned in water and to infer the drowning location. Diatom testing is also an important research content in the field of the environment and plankton. The diatom molecular biology testing technology, which focuses on diatom DNA as the primary research object, is a new method of diatom testing. Diatom DNA extraction is the basis of diatom molecular testing. At present, the kits commonly used for diatom DNA extraction are expensive, which increases the cost of carrying out related research. Our laboratory improved the general whole blood genomic DNA rapid extraction kit and obtained a satisfactory diatom DNA extraction effect, thus providing an alternative economical and affordable DNA extraction solution based on glass beads for related research. The diatom DNA extracted using this protocol could satisfy many downstream applications, such as PCR and sequencing.

著者スポットライト:法医学的な溺死検査のための珪藻検査 

This article describes a protocol for diatom DNA extraction using a modified common DNA extraction kit.

水試料および組織からの珪藻DNAの抽出

Diatom testing is an essential auxiliary means in forensic practice to determine whether the corpse drowned in water and to infer the drowning location. ...

LC-MS を用いた涙液プロテオミクスのための非侵襲的バイオマーカーの探索

A Protein Suspension-Trapping Sample Preparation for Tear Proteomics by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Tear fluid is one of the easily accessible biofluids that can be collected non-invasively. Tear proteomics has the potential to discover biomarkers for several ocular diseases and conditions. The suspension trapping column has been reported to be an efficient and user-friendly sample preparation workflow for the broad application of downstream proteomic analysis. Yet, this strategy has not been well-studied in the analysis of human tear proteome. The present protocol describes an integrated workflow from clinical human tear samples to purified peptides for non-invasive tear protein biomarker research using mass spectrometry, which provides insights into disease biomarkers and monitoring when combined with bioinformatics analysis. A protein suspension trapping sample preparation was applied and demonstrated the discovery of tear proteome with fast, reproducible, and user-friendly procedures, as a universal, optimized sample preparation for human tear fluid analysis. In particular, the suspension trapping procedure outperformed in-solution sample preparation in terms of peptide recovery, protein identification, and shorter sample preparation time.

著者スポットライト:プロテオミクス研究のための標準化されたプロトコルを使用した涙液分析の進歩 

This protocol describes a method for collecting tear samples using Schirmer strips and an integrated quantitative workflow for discovering non-invasive tear protein biomarkers. The suspension trapping sample preparation workflow enables fast and robust tear sample preparation and mass spectrometric analysis, resulting in higher peptide recovery yields and protein identification than standard in-solution procedures.

液体クロマトグラフィータンデム質量分析による涙液プロテオミクスのためのタンパク質懸濁液トラップサンプル調製

Tear fluid is one of the easily accessible biofluids that can be collected non-invasively. Tear proteomics has the potential to discover biomarkers for ...