FMは、PNPグラント、研究所Universitaire·ド·フランスなどソルボンヌパリシテ（ANR-10-LABX-0023とANRでLabex UniverEarthプログラムを通じてchaireドール優秀IDEXソルボンヌパリシテ、INSUを通じてANRからの資金調達を認めます-11-IDEX-0005から02）。また、欧州共同体のH2020フレームワークプログラム/ ERC助成契約＃637503（プリスティン）の下で欧州研究評議会からの資金に感謝します。

注：動物を含む手順は、大学のパリディドロにおける施設内動物管理使用委員会（IACUC）によって承認されています。 材料の作製<ol><li>サブ沸騰不純物からそれらを精製するために酸（HNO 3、HBrを）の1 Lを蒸留します。 </li><li>きれいに熱い（〜100℃）でビーカーと先端アダプタは、少なくとも2日間HNO 3酸浴を濃縮しました。 </li><li>数日間の冷3 N HNO 3浴中でピペットチップを洗浄し、脱イオン水で個別に3回すすいでください。 </li></ol> 2.サンプル調製<ol><li>ケタミンとキシラジンの腹腔内注射によりマウスを麻酔。つま先のピンチ方式により麻酔を評価します。 </li><li> 1.5ミリリットルチューブ内のヘパリンの存在下での心臓穿刺により血液を収集します。 </li><li>遠心分離（10分、1,500×gで）により血液細胞から血漿を分離し、ポリプロピレンcにプラズマを転送しますポリプロピレンのヒントを使用してryogenicバイアル。 </li><li>肝静脈を切断し、心臓にDPBSを注入することにより器官から残りの血液を除去。頚椎脱臼によりマウスの死を評価します。 </li><li>滅菌ステンレス鋼の機器との臓器を収穫、もしあれば脂肪周囲のそれらを解放し、スナップ凍結してポリプロピレンの低温バイアル中。 </li></ol> 3.化学精製<ol><li>まず、濃（30％）〜1ミリリットルH 2 O 2、濃縮（15〜M）HNO 3の約1 mlと混合物中にサンプルを溶解します。ヒュームフード内のすべての手順を実行してください。 <ol><li> 15ミリリットルのテフロンビーカーに関心のある器官全体を配置します。その後、ビーカー5にH 2 O 2 / HNO 3を追加。有機物の酸化反応およびCO 2の放出に起因する飛沫を避けるために、数分間開放ビーカーにしてください。 </li><li>最後に、ABOのホットプレート上でビーカーを置きます時間のカップルのための、または溶液が完全に透明になるまで100℃でユタ。 </li></ol></li><li>ビーカーを開き、約100℃のホットプレート上に溶液を乾燥。 </li><li>サンプルが乾燥すると、サンプルに1.5 NのHBrの1ミリリットルを追加します。ビーカーを閉じて、それが時間のカップルのため、100℃のホットプレート上で溶解させます。 </li><li>一方、500μlのカラムを準備します。 <ol><li>列にAG1X8 200〜400メッシュの樹脂の500μlを添加して、その下のゴミ箱のビーカーでカラムラックの上に置きました。 5ミリリットル18.2のMΩ⋅センチ水、0.5 N 5mlのHNO 3、5mlの水、0.5 N 5mlのHNO 3、および水の後、5ミリリットルを：交互に樹脂を洗浄。 1.5 NのHBr 5mlで樹脂を調整。 </li></ol></li><li>ホットプレートからビーカーを取り出して、約30分間超音波浴に入れ、その後、ビーカーを室温まで冷却させます。 </li><li>ビーカーを冷却し、樹脂を洗浄した後、ビーカーを開きます。 tに先端アダプタを入れて彼は、注射器、ピペットチップを追加します。サンプルの1ミリリットルをピペット（樹脂を攪拌させないために、非常にゆっくりと）樹脂上にロードします。 </li><li>すべての液体がカラムを通過した後、1.5 NのHBrの5ミリリットルを追加します。 </li><li> 1.5 NのHBr 5mlをカラムを通過すると、きれいな15ミリリットルビーカーでゴミのビーカーを交換してください。 </li><li>一度に0.5 NのHNO 3 2.5ミリリットルの5ミリリットルを追加します。この段階で、Znが樹脂から溶出されます。 </li><li> HNO 3 5mlをカラムを通過したら、ビーカーを除去し、乾燥するまで、100℃のホットプレート上に置きます。 </li><li>カラムホルダーから列を削除します。樹脂をゴミ箱（各サンプルのための新しい樹脂を使用します）。 </li><li>サンプルが乾燥したら、小さい列に酸（100μl）を同容量のプロトコルを繰り返した後、乾燥するまで、ホットプレートの上に置きます。サンプルは、質量分析のための準備ができました。 </li></ol> 4.質量分析測定<ol><li>亜鉛同位体コンポを分析マルチコレクタ - 誘導結合プラズマ質量分析計（MC-ICP-MS）にジション。 <ol><li> 表1にまとめた機械パラメータを使用してください。 </li></ol></li><li> 62のNi、63銅、64亜鉛、銅65、66のZn、67 Znおよび68 Znを質量（M / Z）で収集するために、ファラデーカップを置きます。 </li><li>同位体分析のために、0.1M HNO 3で500 ppbでのZnを含む溶液を調製します。 </li><li> 100μL/分テフロンネブライザーと組み合わせたスプレーチャンバを使用して、亜鉛の500 ppbの液を分析。各サンプルについて、各スキャンの積分時間は8.389秒である30のスキャン（30サイクルの1ブロック）を測定します。 </li><li>ブランク溶液（サンプルを再溶解するために使用される、0.1M HNO 3溶液）からのピークゼロ強度を差し引くことにより、バックグラウンドを修正してください。 </li><li> 62 Niのピークの強度を測定することによって制御し、正しい可能性64 Niの同重体干渉。64のNi / 62 Ni比が（0.2548）自然で、楽器のマスバイアスから、この値を修正し、などのマス64の64のNiを削除することを想定します。 64 Znの実 = 64 Znを測定 - 64のNi = 64のZnを測定 - （64のNi / 62 Ni）の自然のx 62 Niを測定しました 。 </li><li> JMCリヨンのZn標準の500 ppbの標準溶液（またはIRMM-3702のような別の利用可能な標準）での各サンプルをブラケットにより楽器マスバイアスを修正してください。 （ 式1を参照）は、2つの標準サンプルマイナス1前後で測定し、千を乗じの66のZn / 64のZn比の平均による試料の66のZn / 64 Znの比を割ることにより、標準のブラケットを実行します。 JMCリヨンのZn標準の一般的な外部精度は0.05パーミル/ AMU（2標準偏差、2 SD）です。 </li></ol>

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著者らは、開示することは何もありません。

測定の再現性は、異なる分析セッション中に行うと同じサンプルの複製された分析によって評価されます。例6のために、私たちは同じ地上岩を7回繰り返しており、我々は表2に報告された結果を得ました。 （15〜17 例えば、隕石11-13、植物3-5、深海堆積物14、動物）、これまで任意の太陽系材料で測定同位体分?...

高精度（より良い100ppm以下/原子質量単位）の測定は、亜鉛安定同位体組成は約15年間、マルチコレクタプラズマソース質量分析計の開発のおかげで可能になった、それ以来、主に地球に適用されています惑星科学。医療分野への応用は、新規であり、亜鉛（ 例えば、アルツハイマー病）の代謝を変更する疾患のバイオマーカーとしての大きな可能性を持っています。本稿では、種々のマウス臓器で高精度に亜鉛の自然な安定同位体比を測定する方法を報告します。同じことが、ヒトサンプルに適用可能です。この方法は、臓器、原子の残りの部分からの亜鉛の化学的精製、その後、質量分析計での同位体比の分析の溶解で構成されています。 亜鉛同位体測定の質は、化学的精製（亜鉛の純度、低ブランクCOMPの品質に依存していますサンプル中のZnの存在量、手順の高い化学収率）にし、楽器のバイアスの制御にared。最終的な亜鉛画分の純度は、マトリックス効果を作成両方同重体干渉と非同重体干渉を除去するために必要とされます。同重体核種が直接干渉（ 例えば、64のNi）を作成します。非同重体干渉は、いわゆる「マトリックス」効果を生成し、サンプルが1と比較される純亜鉛の標準に比べてイオン化の条件を変更することにより、測定値の分析精度を変化させます。低ブランク（&lt;10 ngの）そのバイアス測定同位体組成を、外付けのZnによる試料のコンタミネーションがないことを示しています。亜鉛同位体は、イオン交換クロマトグラフィーの間に2分画できるように、すべてのZn原子の集合は、化学的手順は、完全な収率を有していなければならないことを意味する、いかなる同位体分別が起こらないことを保証します。最後に、質量分析測定中の楽器の同位体分別の補正は、「標準ブラケット &quot;メソッドを介して行われます。 そのため、正確な測定値を得るための主な困難は、他の原子または分子のクリーンで完全降伏化学的精製を製造、および質量分析計で楽器同位体分別の補正、外部汚染（ すなわち、低ブランク）を制御しています。本稿では、マウスの臓器と同様に質量分析の測定値からのZnを分離するために私たちの分析プロトコルを記述します。 抽出は、陰イオン交換樹脂のマイクロカラム（0.5μLおよび0.1μL）で希釈した酸（HBrを/ HNO 3メディア）の少量を使用して行われます。これは、完全な収率を有しており、測定値が66のZn / 64のZn比で50ppmのよりも優れた外部再現性を持っています。メタの別の利点ODが、それは非常に高速であるということです。この方法は、極めてよくつこれらの分析法が開発された地球科学に比べて多数のサンプルを分析する必要のある、医学に適合されます。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="601">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:236px;">Name of Material/ Equipment</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Company</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Catalog Number</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Comments/Description</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:236px;">Multi-collection inductively-coupled-plasma mass-spectromter</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Thermo-Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:99px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Anion-exchange resin AG1 X8 200-400</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Bio-Rad</td>
			<td colspan="2">140-1443-MSDS</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:236px;">teflon beakers</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Savillex&#160;</td>
			<td>200-015-12</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:236px;">Home-made teflon colunms made with shrinkable teflon</td>
			<td style="width:99px;"></td>
			<td style="width:99px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

high precision zinc isotopic measurements applied to mouse organs

我々は、マウスの臓器における高精度の亜鉛同位体比で測定するための手順を提示します。亜鉛は、マウスの臓器の間に自然に分画される5安定同位体（64 Znを、66のZn、67のZn、68 Znおよび70 Zn系）で構成されています。まず、Zn原子を解放するために、異なる臓器を溶解する方法を示しています。このステップは、HNO 3とH 2 O 2の混合物によって実現されます。それから、希のHBr / HNO 3媒体に陰イオン交換クロマトグラフィーによる同重体干渉（ 例えば 、Ni）の、より具体的には、他のすべての要素からの亜鉛原子を精製します。これらの最初の2つのステップは、高純度化学薬品を使用して、きれいな実験室で行われています。最後に、同位体比は、低解像度のマルチコレクタ誘導結合プラズマ質量分析計を用いて測定されます。サンプルはcorrecあるスプレーチャンバーと質量分析計により誘導される同位体分別を用いて注入されています標準（標準ブラケット技術）の比にサンプルの比率を比較することにより、テッド。この完全な典型的な手順は、50 ppmの（2 SD）再現性の同位体比を生成します。

1.5 NのHBrでは、主亜鉛種（ZnBr3-）陰イオン交換樹脂でフォーム非常に強い複合体は、他のほとんどの要素は、樹脂と相互作用しないながら。亜鉛は、その後、樹脂6,7から放出される2+ Znに亜鉛の分化を変化させる、希釈HNO 3に培地を変更することによって回収されます。 同位体比は、典型的には、標準に比べて千の偏差当たりの部として表現さ​?...

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High Precision Zinc Isotopic Measurements Applied to Mouse Organs

We present the technique to measure with high precision zinc isotope ratios in mouse organs.

マウス臓器に印加される高精度の亜鉛同位体測定

We present a procedure to measure with high precision zinc isotope ratios in mouse organs. Zinc is composed of 5 stable isotopes (64Zn, 66Zn, 67Zn, 68Zn ...

high-precision-zinc-isotopic-measurements-applied-to-mouse-organs

Research

JoVE Journal

Chemistry

7.4K ビュー.  Université Paris Diderot. We present the technique to measure with high precision zinc isotope ratios in mouse organs.

ビデオ: High Precision Zinc Isotopic Measurements Applied to Mouse Organs

High-pressure Sapphire Cell for Phase Equilibria Measurements of CO2/Organic/Water Systems

The high pressure sapphire cell apparatus was constructed to visually determine the composition of multiphase systems without physical sampling. Specifically, the sapphire cell enables visual data collection from multiple loadings to solve a set of material balances to precisely determine phase composition. Ternary phase diagrams can then be established to determine the proportion of each component in each phase at a given condition. In principle, any ternary system can be studied although ternary systems (gas-liquid-liquid) are the specific examples discussed herein. For instance, the ternary THF-Water-CO2 system was studied at 25 and 40&#160;&#176;C and is described herein. Of key importance, this technique does not require sampling. Circumventing the possible disturbance of the system equilibrium upon sampling, inherent measurement errors, and technical difficulties of physically sampling under pressure is a significant benefit of this technique. Perhaps as important, the sapphire cell also enables the direct visual observation of the phase behavior. In fact, as the CO2 pressure is increased, the homogeneous THF-Water solution phase splits at about 2 MPa. With this technique, it was possible to easily and clearly observe the cloud point and determine the composition of the newly formed phases as a function of pressure.
The data acquired with the sapphire cell technique can be used for many applications. In our case, we measured swelling and composition for tunable solvents, like gas-expanded liquids, gas-expanded ionic liquids and Organic Aqueous Tunable Systems (OATS)1-4. For the latest system, OATS, the high-pressure sapphire cell enabled the study of (1) phase behavior as a function of pressure and temperature, (2) composition of each phase (gas-liquid-liquid) as a function of pressure and temperature and (3) catalyst partitioning in the two liquid phases as a function of pressure and composition. Finally, the sapphire cell is an especially effective tool to gather accurate and reproducible measurements in a timely fashion.

High-pressure Sapphire Cell for Phase Equilibria Measurements of CO2/Organic/Water Systems

The high pressure sapphire cell apparatus is a unique tool to study, without sampling, phase behavior under a wide range of pressures. Using a cathetometer, very precise volume measurements can be recorded to measure liquid expansion and phase composition. Thus, this synthetic method enables the study of (1) phase equilibria of multi-component mixtures and (2) the partition behavior of catalyst or model compounds as a function of pressure.

COの相平衡測定のための高圧サファイアセル<sub&gt; 2</sub&gt; /有機/水システム

The high pressure sapphire cell apparatus was constructed to visually determine the composition of multiphase systems without physical sampling. ...

化学

Cooling Rate Dependent Ellipsometry Measurements to Determine the Dynamics of Thin Glassy Films

This report aims to fully describe the experimental technique of using ellipsometry for cooling rate dependent Tg (CR-Tg) experiments. These measurements are simple high-throughput characterization experiments, which can determine the glass transition temperature (Tg), average dynamics, fragility and the expansion coefficient of the super-cooled liquid and glassy states for a variety of glassy materials. This technique allows for these parameters to be measured in a single experiment, while other methods must combine a variety of different techniques to investigate all of these properties. Measurements of dynamics close to Tg are particularly challenging. The advantage of cooling rate dependent Tg measurements over other methods which directly probe bulk and surface relaxation dynamics is that they are relatively quick and simple experiments, which do not utilize fluorophores or other complicated experimental techniques. Furthermore, this technique probes the average dynamics of technologically relevant thin films in temperature and relaxation time (&#964;&#945;) regimes relevant to the glass transition (&#964;&#945; &#62; 100 sec). The limitation to using ellipsometry for cooling rate dependent Tg experiments is that it cannot probe relaxation times relevant to measurements of viscosity (&#964;&#945; &#60;&#60; 1 sec). Other cooling rate dependent Tg measurement techniques, however, can extend the CR-Tg method to faster relaxation times. Furthermore, this technique can be used for any glassy system so long as the integrity of the film remains throughout the experiment.

Here, we present a protocol for cooling rate dependent ellipsometry experiments, which can determine the glass transition temperature (Tg), average dynamics, fragility and the expansion coefficient of the super-cooled liquid and glass for a variety of glassy materials.

薄いガラス質膜のダイナミクスを決定するレート依存エリプソメトリー測定を冷却

This report aims to fully describe the experimental technique of using ellipsometry for cooling rate dependent Tg (CR-Tg) experiments. These measurements ...

Immunostaining Phospho-epitopes in Ciliated Organs of Whole Mount Zebrafish Embryos

The rapid proliferation of cells, the tissue-specific expression of genes and the emergence of signaling networks characterize early embryonic development of all vertebrates. The kinetics and location of signals - even within single cells - in the developing embryo complements the identification of important developmental genes. Immunostaining techniques are described that have been shown to define the kinetics of intracellular and whole animal signals in structures as small as primary cilia. The techniques for fixing, imaging and processing images using a laser-scanning confocal compound microscope can be completed in as few as 36 hr.
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a desirable organism for investigators who seek to conduct studies in a vertebrate species that is affordable and relevant to human disease. Genetic knockouts or knockdowns must be confirmed by the loss of the actual protein product. Such confirmation of protein loss can be achieved using the techniques described here. Clues into signaling pathways can also be deciphered by using antibodies that are reactive with proteins that have been post-translationally modified by phosphorylation. Preserving and optimizing the phosphorylated state of an epitope is therefore critical to this determination and is accomplished by this protocol.
This study describes techniques to fix embryos during the first 72 hr of development and co-localize a variety of relevant epitopes with cilia in the Kupffer&#39;s Vesicle (KV), the kidney and the inner ear. These techniques are straightforward, do not require dissection and can be completed in a relatively short period of time. Projecting confocal image stacks into a single image is a useful means of presenting these data.

Techniques are described to immunostain phospho-epitopes in whole zebrafish embryos and then conduct two-color fluorescent confocal localization in cellular structures as small as primary cilia. The techniques for fixing and imaging can define the location and kinetics of the appearance or activation of specific proteins.

ホールマウントゼブラフィッシュ胚の繊毛器官におけるリン酸化エピトープを免疫染色

The rapid proliferation of cells, the tissue-specific expression of genes and the emergence of signaling networks characterize early embryonic development ...

Characterization, Quantification and Compound-specific Isotopic Analysis of Pyrogenic Carbon Using Benzene Polycarboxylic Acids (BPCA)

Fire-derived, pyrogenic carbon (PyC), sometimes called black carbon (BC), is the carbonaceous solid residue of biomass and fossil fuel combustion, such as char and soot. PyC is ubiquitous in the environment due to its long persistence, and its abundance might even increase with the projected increase in global wildfire activity and the continued burning of fossil fuel. PyC is also increasingly produced from the industrial pyrolysis of organic wastes, which yields charred soil amendments (biochar). Moreover, the emergence of nanotechnology may also result in the release of PyC-like compounds to the environment. It is thus a high priority to reliably detect, characterize and quantify these charred materials in order to investigate their environmental properties and to understand their role in the carbon cycle.
Here, we present the benzene polycarboxylic acid (BPCA) method, which allows the simultaneous assessment of PyC&#39;s characteristics, quantity and isotopic composition (13C and 14C) on a molecular level. The method is applicable to a very wide range of environmental sample materials and detects PyC over a broad range of the combustion continuum, i.e., it is sensitive to slightly charred biomass as well as high temperature chars and soot. The BPCA protocol presented here is simple to employ, highly reproducible, as well as easily extendable and modifiable to specific requirements. It thus provides a versatile tool for the investigation of PyC in various disciplines, ranging from archeology and environmental forensics to biochar and carbon cycling research.

Characterization, Quantification and Compound-specific Isotopic Analysis of Pyrogenic Carbon Using Benzene Polycarboxylic Acids BPCA

We present the benzene polycarboxylic acid (BPCA) method for assessing pyrogenic carbon (PyC) in the environment. The compound-specific approach uniquely provides simultaneous information about the characteristics, quantity and isotopic composition (13C and 14C) of PyC.

特徴づけ、定量化およびベンゼンポリカルボン酸を使用した熱分解炭素の化合物固有の同位体分析（BPCA）

Fire-derived, pyrogenic carbon (PyC), sometimes called black carbon (BC), is the carbonaceous solid residue of biomass and fossil fuel combustion, such as ...

Fizzy Extraction of Volatile Organic Compounds Combined with Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry

Chemical analysis of volatile and semivolatile compounds dissolved in liquid samples can be challenging. The dissolved components need to be brought to the gas phase, and efficiently transferred to a detection system. Fizzy extraction takes advantage of the effervescence phenomenon. First, a carrier gas (here, carbon dioxide) is dissolved in the sample by applying overpressure and stirring the sample. Second, the sample chamber is decompressed abruptly. Decompression leads to the formation of numerous carrier gas bubbles in the sample liquid. These bubbles assist the release of the dissolved analyte species from the liquid to the gas phase. The released analytes are immediately transferred to the atmospheric pressure chemical ionization interface of a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. The ionizable analyte species give rise to mass spectrometric signals in the time domain. Because the release of the analyte species occurs over short periods of time (a few seconds), the temporal signals have high amplitudes and high signal-to-noise ratios. The amplitudes and areas of the temporal peaks can then be correlated with concentrations of the analytes in the liquid samples subjected to fizzy extraction, which enables quantitative analysis. The advantages of fizzy extraction include: simplicity, speed, and limited use of chemicals (solvents).

Fizzy extraction is a new laboratory technique for analysis of volatile and semivolatile compounds. A carrier gas is dissolved in the liquid sample by applying overpressure and stirring the sample. The sample chamber is then decompressed. The analyte species are liberated to the gas phase due to effervescence.

大気圧化学イオン化四重極質量分析法と組み合わせた揮発性有機化合物の大気抽出

Chemical analysis of volatile and semivolatile compounds dissolved in liquid samples can be challenging. The dissolved components need to be brought to ...

Aerosol-assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition of Metal Oxide Structures: Zinc Oxide Rods

Whilst columnar zinc oxide (ZnO) structures in the form of rods or wires have been synthesized previously by different liquid- or vapor-phase routes, their high cost production and/or incompatibility with microfabrication technologies, due to the use of pre-deposited catalyst-seeds and/or high processing temperatures exceeding 900 &#176;C, represent a drawback for a widespread use of these methods. Here, however, we report the synthesis of ZnO rods via a non-catalyzed vapor-solid mechanism enabled by using an aerosol-assisted chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method at 400 &#176;C with zinc chloride (ZnCl2) as the precursor and ethanol as the carrier solvent. This method provides both single-step formation of ZnO rods and the possibility of their direct integration with various substrate types, including silicon, silicon-based micromachined platforms, quartz, or high heat resistant polymers. This potentially facilitates the use of this method at a large-scale, due to its compatibility with state-of-the-art microfabrication processes for device manufacture. This report also describes the properties of these structures (e.g., morphology, crystalline phase, optical band gap, chemical composition, electrical resistance) and validates its gas sensing functionality towards carbon monoxide.

Columnar zinc oxide structures in the form of rods are synthesized via aerosol-assisted chemical vapor deposition without the use of pre-deposited catalyst-seed particles. This method is scalable and compatible with various substrates based on either silicon, quartz or polymers.

エアロゾルによる金属酸化物の構造の化学蒸着: 酸化亜鉛棒

Whilst columnar zinc oxide (ZnO) structures in the form of rods or wires have been synthesized previously by different liquid- or vapor-phase routes, ...

High Resolution Physical Characterization of Single Metallic Nanoparticles

Individual molecules can be detected and characterized by measuring the degree by which they reduce the ionic current flowing through a single nanometer-scale pore. The signal is characteristic of the molecule&#39;s physicochemical properties and its interactions with the pore. We demonstrate that the nanopore formed by the bacterial protein exotoxin Staphylococcus aureus alpha hemolysin (&#945;HL) can detect polyoxometalates (POMs, anionic metal oxygen clusters), at the single molecule limit. Moreover, multiple degradation products of 12-phosphotungstic acid POM (PTA, H3PW12O40) in solution are simultaneously measured. The single molecule sensitivity of the nanopore method allows for POMs to be characterized at significantly lower concentrations than required for nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. This technique could serve as a new tool for chemists to study the molecular properties of polyoxometalates or other metallic clusters, to better understand POM synthetic processes, and possibly improve their yield. Hypothetically, the location of a given atom, or the rotation of a fragment in the molecule, and the metal oxidation state could be investigated with this method. In addition, this new technique has the advantage of allowing the real-time monitoring of molecules in solution.&#160;

Here, we present a protocol to detect discrete metal oxygen clusters, polyoxometalates (POMs), at the single molecule limit using a biological nanopore-based electronic platform. The method provides a complementary approach to traditional analytical chemistry tools used in the study of these molecules.

単一金属ナノ粒子の高解像度物理特性評価

Individual molecules can be detected and characterized by measuring the degree by which they reduce the ionic current flowing through a single ...

Isotopic Effect in Double Proton Transfer Process of Porphycene Investigated by Enhanced QM/MM Method

The single deuterium substitution in porphycene leads to an asymmetric molecular geometry, which may affect the double proton transfer process in the porphycene molecule. In this study, we applied an enhanced QM/MM method called SITS-QM/MM to investigate hydrogen/deuterium (H/D) isotope effects on the double proton transfer in porphycene. Distance changes in SITS-QM/MM molecular dynamics simulations suggested that the deuterium substituted porphycene adopted the stepwise double proton transfer mechanism. The structural analysis and the free energy shifts of double proton transfer process indicated that the asymmetric isotopic substitution subtly compressed the covalent hydrogen bonds and may alter the original transition state location.

A protocol that uses enhanced QM/MM method to investigate the isotopic effect on the double proton transfer process in porphycene is presented here.

強化されたQM/MM法によるポルフィセンの二重陽子転写過程における同位体効果

The single deuterium substitution in porphycene leads to an asymmetric molecular geometry, which may affect the double proton transfer process in the ...

Automated Sample Multiplexing by using Combined Precursor Isotopic Labeling and Isobaric Tagging (cPILOT)

We have introduced a high throughput quantitative proteomics workflow, combined precursor isotopic labeling and isobaric tagging (cPILOT) capable of multiplexing up to 22 or 24 samples with tandem mass tags or isobaric N,N-dimethyl leucine isobaric tags, respectively, in a single experiment. This enhanced sample multiplexing considerably reduces mass spectrometry acquisition times and increases the utility of the expensive commercial isobaric reagents. However, the manual process of sample handling and pipetting steps in the strategy can be labor intensive, time consuming, and introduce sample loss and quantitative error. These limitations can be overcome through the incorporation of automation. Here we transferred the manual cPILOT protocol to an automated liquid handling device that can prepare large sample numbers (i.e., 96 samples) in parallel. Overall, automation increases feasibility and reproducibility of cPILOT and allows for broad usage by other researchers with comparable automation devices.

Automated Sample Multiplexing by using Combined Precursor Isotopic Labeling and Isobaric Tagging cPILOT

Combined precursor isotopic labeling and isobaric tagging (cPILOT) is an enhanced sample multiplexing strategy that is capable of increasing the number of samples that can be analyzed simultaneously with available isobaric tags. Incorporation of a robotic platform has greatly increased experimental throughput, reproducibility, and quantitative accuracy.

組み合わせ前駆体等位同位体ラベリングとアイソバリックタギング(cPILOT)を使用した自動サンプル多重化

We have introduced a high throughput quantitative proteomics workflow, combined precursor isotopic labeling and isobaric tagging (cPILOT) capable of ...

Zinc-Sponge Battery Electrodes that Suppress Dendrites

We report two methods to create zinc-sponge electrodes that suppress dendrite formation and shape change for rechargeable zinc batteries. Both methods are characterized by creating a paste made of zinc particles, organic porogen, and viscosity-enhancing agent that is heated under an inert gas and then air. During heating under the inert gas, the zinc particles anneal together, and the porogen decomposes; under air, the zinc fuses and residual organic burns out, yielding an open-cell metal foam or sponge. We tune the mechanical and electrochemical properties of the zinc sponges by varying zinc-to-porogen mass ratio, heating time under inert gas and air, and size and shape of the zinc and porogen particles. An advantage of the reported methods is their ability to finely tune zinc-sponge architecture. The selected size and shape of the zinc and porogen particles influence the morphology of the pore structure. A limitation is that resulting sponges have disordered pore structures that result in low mechanical strength at low volume fractions of zinc (&#60;30%). Applications for these zinc-sponge electrodes include batteries for grid-storage, personal electronics, electric vehicles, and electric aviation. Users can expect zinc-sponge electrodes to cycle up to 40% depth of discharge at technologically relevant rates and areal capacities without the formation of separator-piercing dendrites.

The goal of the reported protocols is to create rechargeable zinc-sponge electrodes that suppress dendrites and shape change in zinc batteries, such as nickel&#8211;zinc or zinc&#8211;air.

デンドライトを抑制する亜鉛スポンジ電池電極

We report two methods to create zinc-sponge electrodes that suppress dendrite formation and shape change for rechargeable zinc batteries. Both methods are ...