FM通过chaire D&#39;IDEX卓越巴黎的索邦大学太阳城确认来自ANR资助下，INSU通过PNP赠款，研究所区大学法国以及在巴黎的索邦大学太阳城（ANR-10-的LabX-0023和ANR的Labex UniverEarth程序-11-IDEX-0005-02）。我们也感谢来自欧洲研究委员会的资助下，欧洲共同体的H2020框架方案/ ERC赠款协议＃637503（精粹）。

注：程序涉及动物已被批准的机构动物护理和使用委员会（IACUC）在巴黎大学狄德罗。 1.准备材料<ol><li>亚沸腾馏1升的酸（HNO 3，氢溴酸），以从杂质纯化它们。 </li><li>清洁烧杯和尖端适配器在热（〜100℃）浓HNO 3酸浴中至少两天。 </li><li>洗冷3 N HNO 3浴室的枪头数天，单独漂洗三次去离子水。 </li></ol> 2.样品制备<ol><li>麻醉小鼠腹腔注射氯胺酮和甲苯噻嗪。由脚趾捏法评估麻醉。 </li><li>收集的血液在肝素1.5 mL管存在一个心脏穿刺。 </li><li>分离的血细胞通过离心（10分钟，1500×g离心）等离子体和等离子体转移到性聚丙烯C使用聚丙烯提示ryogenic小瓶。 </li><li>通过在心脏切肝静脉和注射DPBS取下器官剩余的血液。颈椎脱位评估鼠标死亡。 </li><li>收获用无菌不锈钢器械的器官，释放周围脂肪，如果任何的他们，在聚丙烯瓶低温管理单元冻结他们。 </li></ol> 3.化学提纯<ol><li>首先，溶解样品中的约1毫升浓（30％） 的 H 2 O 2和〜1ml浓（〜15 M），HNO 3的混合。做一个通风橱内的所有这些步骤。 <ol><li>放置整个感兴趣的器官入15ml特氟隆烧杯中。然后，将H 2 O 2 / HNO 3添加到烧杯5。保持烧杯公开了几分钟，以避免由于有机物的氧化，反应的 CO 2的释放飞溅。 </li><li>最后，把烧杯在热板上在ABO血型UT 100℃几个小时或直到溶液是十分清楚的。 </li></ol></li><li>打开烧杯和干燥的热板上将溶液在约100℃。 </li><li>一旦样品是干，加入1毫升1.5N的HBr的到样本;关闭烧杯并让它溶解在热板上在100℃下进行几个小时。 </li><li>同时准备500微升列。 <ol><li>加入500μl的AG1X8 200-400目树脂为列，并把它与它下面的一个垃圾桶烧杯中柱架。通过交替洗涤树脂：5毫升MΩ⋅厘米水，5毫升0.5N的HNO 3，第 5毫升水，5毫升0.5N的HNO 3 18.2，然后加入5毫升水。调节所述树脂用5ml的1.5N的HBr。 </li></ol></li><li>从热板上取下烧杯中，并把它们在超声波浴中约30分钟，然后让烧杯冷却至RT。 </li><li>一旦烧杯冷却，洗涤树脂，打开烧杯。把末端适配器到t他注射器，加枪头;吸取1ml的样品，并将其加载到树脂（非常缓慢，为了不搅动树脂）。 </li><li>一旦所有的液体通过柱，加入5毫升的1.5N的HBr。 </li><li>一旦5毫升的1.5N的HBr通过柱子，用干净的15毫升烧杯更换垃圾桶烧杯中。 </li><li>加入5毫升的0.5N的HNO 3 2.5混合物在一个时间。在此阶段，锌从树脂洗脱。 </li><li>一旦5毫升HNO 3的穿过柱，取出烧杯，并放置在热板上，在100℃，直至干燥。 </li><li>取下柱夹列;垃圾桶树脂（用于每个样品的新树脂）。 </li><li>一旦样品是干的，重复的协议与在一个较小的塔的酸（100微升）相同的体积，然后将其放置在热板上，直至干燥。该样本是现在准备质谱。 </li></ol> 4.质谱测量<ol><li>分析锌同位素康波习得在多集电极 - 电感耦合等离子体质谱仪（MC-ICP-MS）。 <ol><li>使用表1中总结的机器参数。 </li></ol></li><li>放置法拉第筒收集在62镍，铜63，64锌，铜65，66锌，锌67和68的Zn质量（m / z）。 </li><li>制备含有500ppb的锌在0.1M HNO 3为同位素分析的溶液。 </li><li>通过使用喷雾室结合100μl/ min的聚四氟乙烯喷雾器分析Zn中500ppb的溶液。对于每个样品，测量30扫描（1块30个循环），其中每一个扫描的积分时间是8.389秒。 </li><li>通过从空白溶液（用于重新溶解的样品的0.1M HNO 3溶液）中减去上峰零强度校正的背景。 </li><li>控制和纠正可能64镍通过测量62镍峰的强度等压干扰。假设镍64/62 Ni比自然（0.2548），从正确的工具质量偏差此值，然后取出64镍的质量为64： 64 真正的锌= 64 测定锌-镍64 = 64锌测定 - （64镍/镍62）， 自然 x 62镍测量 。 </li><li>通过与江铃里昂锌标准的500 ppb的标准溶液（或其他可用的标准，例如IRMM-3702）包围每个样品更正仪器质量偏差。通过将样品的66锌/ 64 Zn的比率由之前和样品减去1之后测定并乘以1000这两个标准的66的Zn / 64 Zn的比率的平均值执行标准的包围（见公式1）。在江铃里昂锌标准典型的外部精度为0.05 permil / AMU（2个标准差，2 SD）。 </li></ol>

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作者什么都没有透露。

测量的再现性，通过在不同的分析会话进行同一样品重复分析评价。例如如图6所示 ，我们已复制同一陆地岩石7倍，我们获得了记录在表2中的结果。 正如预期的那样从同位素分馏10的理论和测量任何太阳系材料至今（ 如陨石11-13，3-5植物，深海沉积物中14，动物15-17），结果遵循质量-依赖法（参见图1）。</stro...

高精度的测量（较好100ppm以下/原子质量单位）锌稳定同位素组合物只可能为大约15年由于多集电极等离子体源质谱仪的发展，至今在地球被主要应用于与行星科学。应用到医疗领域是新颖的，并具有很强的潜力作为生物标志物用于修改锌的代谢（ 例如，阿尔茨海默病）的疾病。本文报道一种测量高精度锌的天然稳定同位素比率在各脏器鼠标的方法。同样的情况也适用于人类样本。该方法包括器官，锌从原子的其余部分的化学提纯，然后在一个质谱仪同位素比率分析的溶解。 锌同位素测量的质量取决于化学纯化的质量（锌的纯度，低空白排版ARED到的锌存在于样品中的量，该过程的高化学产率）和在仪器偏差的控制。最终锌馏分的高纯度是需要删除这两个同量异序的干扰和非等压干扰创建矩阵的效果。等压核素创建直接干扰（ 例如，64镍）。非等压干扰产生的所谓“基质”的效果，并通过改变电离相比，纯锌标准到的样本进行比较，以1的条件改变的测量值的分析精度。低空白（&lt;10毫微克）表明不存在由外部锌污染的样品是将偏压测量同位素组成。以Zn同位素可以在离子交换层析2被分馏，所有的锌原子的集合确保没有同位素分馏发生时，这意味着该化学过程应当有充分的产率。最后，质谱测量时的器乐同位素分馏的校正是通过“标准包围”的方法进行。 因此，存在的主要困难，以获得精确的测量结果控制外部污染（ 即低空白），生产全收率化学纯化的洁净的任何其他原子或分子，并校正在质谱仪器乐同位素分馏。在本文中，我们将介绍我们的分析协议锌从小鼠器官以及在质谱测量分开。 提取是使用稀释的酸的低量（的HBr / HNO 3介质）上的阴离子交换树脂的微柱（0.5微升和0.1微升）。它有一个完整的产量和测量有一个外部的可重复性优于50 ppm的在66锌/锌64的比例。冰毒的另一个优点外径是，它是非常快的。该方法因此很好地适应于医学，其中一个需要分析大量的样品相比，地球科学，在那里被开发这些分析方法。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="601">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:236px;">Name of Material/ Equipment</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Company</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Catalog Number</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Comments/Description</td>
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		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:236px;">Multi-collection inductively-coupled-plasma mass-spectromter</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Thermo-Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:99px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Anion-exchange resin AG1 X8 200-400</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Bio-Rad</td>
			<td colspan="2">140-1443-MSDS</td>
		</tr>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:236px;">teflon beakers</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Savillex&#160;</td>
			<td>200-015-12</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:236px;">Home-made teflon colunms made with shrinkable teflon</td>
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</table>

high precision zinc isotopic measurements applied to mouse organs

我们提出一个过程，在小鼠器官高精度锌同位素比值来衡量。锌是由5稳定同位素（64锌，66的Zn，67的Zn，68 Zn和70的Zn），这些小鼠器官之间自然分级。我们首先说明如何以溶解，以释放所述锌原子的不同器官;这个步骤是通过HNO 3和H 2 O 2的混合物中实现。然后，我们从所有其他元素净化锌原子，特别是从等压干扰（ 例如 ，镍），通过阴离子交换色谱法中的稀的HBr / HNO 3介质。前两个步骤都在一个干净的实验室使用高纯度的化学品进行。最后，同位素比率通过使用多集电极感应耦合等离子体质谱仪，在低分辨率测量。将样品使用喷雾室和同位素分馏诱导质谱仪是correc注入泰德通过样品的比与一个标准（标准包围技术）的比例。这充分典型的过程产生的同位素的比例与50ppm的（2 SD）的重现性。

在1.5N的HBr的，主要锌物种（ZnBr3-）形式非常强配合物与阴离子交换树脂，而大多数其他元素不与树脂相互作用。锌，然后，通过改变介质稀释的HNO 3，改变Zn构成的形态至Zn 2+这是从树脂6,7释放回收。 同位素比通常表示为每1000个的偏差相对于标准部分： <img alt="式（1）" fo:content-width="2.5in" src="/files/ftp_upload/52479/52479eq1.jpg" /><p clas...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about High Precision Zinc Isotopic Measurements Applied to Mouse Organs at JoVE.com

High Precision Zinc Isotopic Measurements Applied to Mouse Organs

We present the technique to measure with high precision zinc isotope ratios in mouse organs.

适用于鼠标机关高精度锌同位素测量

We present a procedure to measure with high precision zinc isotope ratios in mouse organs. Zinc is composed of 5 stable isotopes (64Zn, 66Zn, 67Zn, 68Zn ...

high-precision-zinc-isotopic-measurements-applied-to-mouse-organs

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7.4K 次观看.  Université Paris Diderot. We present the technique to measure with high precision zinc isotope ratios in mouse organs.

视频: High Precision Zinc Isotopic Measurements Applied to Mouse Organs

High-pressure Sapphire Cell for Phase Equilibria Measurements of CO2/Organic/Water Systems

The high pressure sapphire cell apparatus was constructed to visually determine the composition of multiphase systems without physical sampling. Specifically, the sapphire cell enables visual data collection from multiple loadings to solve a set of material balances to precisely determine phase composition. Ternary phase diagrams can then be established to determine the proportion of each component in each phase at a given condition. In principle, any ternary system can be studied although ternary systems (gas-liquid-liquid) are the specific examples discussed herein. For instance, the ternary THF-Water-CO2 system was studied at 25 and 40&#160;&#176;C and is described herein. Of key importance, this technique does not require sampling. Circumventing the possible disturbance of the system equilibrium upon sampling, inherent measurement errors, and technical difficulties of physically sampling under pressure is a significant benefit of this technique. Perhaps as important, the sapphire cell also enables the direct visual observation of the phase behavior. In fact, as the CO2 pressure is increased, the homogeneous THF-Water solution phase splits at about 2 MPa. With this technique, it was possible to easily and clearly observe the cloud point and determine the composition of the newly formed phases as a function of pressure.
The data acquired with the sapphire cell technique can be used for many applications. In our case, we measured swelling and composition for tunable solvents, like gas-expanded liquids, gas-expanded ionic liquids and Organic Aqueous Tunable Systems (OATS)1-4. For the latest system, OATS, the high-pressure sapphire cell enabled the study of (1) phase behavior as a function of pressure and temperature, (2) composition of each phase (gas-liquid-liquid) as a function of pressure and temperature and (3) catalyst partitioning in the two liquid phases as a function of pressure and composition. Finally, the sapphire cell is an especially effective tool to gather accurate and reproducible measurements in a timely fashion.

High-pressure Sapphire Cell for Phase Equilibria Measurements of CO2/Organic/Water Systems

The high pressure sapphire cell apparatus is a unique tool to study, without sampling, phase behavior under a wide range of pressures. Using a cathetometer, very precise volume measurements can be recorded to measure liquid expansion and phase composition. Thus, this synthetic method enables the study of (1) phase equilibria of multi-component mixtures and (2) the partition behavior of catalyst or model compounds as a function of pressure.

高压蓝宝石细胞对CO的相平衡测量<sub&gt; 2</sub&gt; /有机/水系统

The high pressure sapphire cell apparatus was constructed to visually determine the composition of multiphase systems without physical sampling. ...

科研

化学

Cooling Rate Dependent Ellipsometry Measurements to Determine the Dynamics of Thin Glassy Films

This report aims to fully describe the experimental technique of using ellipsometry for cooling rate dependent Tg (CR-Tg) experiments. These measurements are simple high-throughput characterization experiments, which can determine the glass transition temperature (Tg), average dynamics, fragility and the expansion coefficient of the super-cooled liquid and glassy states for a variety of glassy materials. This technique allows for these parameters to be measured in a single experiment, while other methods must combine a variety of different techniques to investigate all of these properties. Measurements of dynamics close to Tg are particularly challenging. The advantage of cooling rate dependent Tg measurements over other methods which directly probe bulk and surface relaxation dynamics is that they are relatively quick and simple experiments, which do not utilize fluorophores or other complicated experimental techniques. Furthermore, this technique probes the average dynamics of technologically relevant thin films in temperature and relaxation time (&#964;&#945;) regimes relevant to the glass transition (&#964;&#945; &#62; 100 sec). The limitation to using ellipsometry for cooling rate dependent Tg experiments is that it cannot probe relaxation times relevant to measurements of viscosity (&#964;&#945; &#60;&#60; 1 sec). Other cooling rate dependent Tg measurement techniques, however, can extend the CR-Tg method to faster relaxation times. Furthermore, this technique can be used for any glassy system so long as the integrity of the film remains throughout the experiment.

Here, we present a protocol for cooling rate dependent ellipsometry experiments, which can determine the glass transition temperature (Tg), average dynamics, fragility and the expansion coefficient of the super-cooled liquid and glass for a variety of glassy materials.

冷却率相关的椭偏仪测量确定薄膜玻膜的动力学

This report aims to fully describe the experimental technique of using ellipsometry for cooling rate dependent Tg (CR-Tg) experiments. These measurements ...

Immunostaining Phospho-epitopes in Ciliated Organs of Whole Mount Zebrafish Embryos

The rapid proliferation of cells, the tissue-specific expression of genes and the emergence of signaling networks characterize early embryonic development of all vertebrates. The kinetics and location of signals - even within single cells - in the developing embryo complements the identification of important developmental genes. Immunostaining techniques are described that have been shown to define the kinetics of intracellular and whole animal signals in structures as small as primary cilia. The techniques for fixing, imaging and processing images using a laser-scanning confocal compound microscope can be completed in as few as 36 hr.
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a desirable organism for investigators who seek to conduct studies in a vertebrate species that is affordable and relevant to human disease. Genetic knockouts or knockdowns must be confirmed by the loss of the actual protein product. Such confirmation of protein loss can be achieved using the techniques described here. Clues into signaling pathways can also be deciphered by using antibodies that are reactive with proteins that have been post-translationally modified by phosphorylation. Preserving and optimizing the phosphorylated state of an epitope is therefore critical to this determination and is accomplished by this protocol.
This study describes techniques to fix embryos during the first 72 hr of development and co-localize a variety of relevant epitopes with cilia in the Kupffer&#39;s Vesicle (KV), the kidney and the inner ear. These techniques are straightforward, do not require dissection and can be completed in a relatively short period of time. Projecting confocal image stacks into a single image is a useful means of presenting these data.

Techniques are described to immunostain phospho-epitopes in whole zebrafish embryos and then conduct two-color fluorescent confocal localization in cellular structures as small as primary cilia. The techniques for fixing and imaging can define the location and kinetics of the appearance or activation of specific proteins.

免疫染色磷酸化表位整装斑马鱼胚胎纤毛器官

The rapid proliferation of cells, the tissue-specific expression of genes and the emergence of signaling networks characterize early embryonic development ...

Characterization, Quantification and Compound-specific Isotopic Analysis of Pyrogenic Carbon Using Benzene Polycarboxylic Acids (BPCA)

Fire-derived, pyrogenic carbon (PyC), sometimes called black carbon (BC), is the carbonaceous solid residue of biomass and fossil fuel combustion, such as char and soot. PyC is ubiquitous in the environment due to its long persistence, and its abundance might even increase with the projected increase in global wildfire activity and the continued burning of fossil fuel. PyC is also increasingly produced from the industrial pyrolysis of organic wastes, which yields charred soil amendments (biochar). Moreover, the emergence of nanotechnology may also result in the release of PyC-like compounds to the environment. It is thus a high priority to reliably detect, characterize and quantify these charred materials in order to investigate their environmental properties and to understand their role in the carbon cycle.
Here, we present the benzene polycarboxylic acid (BPCA) method, which allows the simultaneous assessment of PyC&#39;s characteristics, quantity and isotopic composition (13C and 14C) on a molecular level. The method is applicable to a very wide range of environmental sample materials and detects PyC over a broad range of the combustion continuum, i.e., it is sensitive to slightly charred biomass as well as high temperature chars and soot. The BPCA protocol presented here is simple to employ, highly reproducible, as well as easily extendable and modifiable to specific requirements. It thus provides a versatile tool for the investigation of PyC in various disciplines, ranging from archeology and environmental forensics to biochar and carbon cycling research.

Characterization, Quantification and Compound-specific Isotopic Analysis of Pyrogenic Carbon Using Benzene Polycarboxylic Acids BPCA

We present the benzene polycarboxylic acid (BPCA) method for assessing pyrogenic carbon (PyC) in the environment. The compound-specific approach uniquely provides simultaneous information about the characteristics, quantity and isotopic composition (13C and 14C) of PyC.

表征，气相炭用苯聚羧酸的定量和特定化合物同位素分析（BPCA）

Fire-derived, pyrogenic carbon (PyC), sometimes called black carbon (BC), is the carbonaceous solid residue of biomass and fossil fuel combustion, such as ...

Aerosol-assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition of Metal Oxide Structures: Zinc Oxide Rods

Whilst columnar zinc oxide (ZnO) structures in the form of rods or wires have been synthesized previously by different liquid- or vapor-phase routes, their high cost production and/or incompatibility with microfabrication technologies, due to the use of pre-deposited catalyst-seeds and/or high processing temperatures exceeding 900 &#176;C, represent a drawback for a widespread use of these methods. Here, however, we report the synthesis of ZnO rods via a non-catalyzed vapor-solid mechanism enabled by using an aerosol-assisted chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method at 400 &#176;C with zinc chloride (ZnCl2) as the precursor and ethanol as the carrier solvent. This method provides both single-step formation of ZnO rods and the possibility of their direct integration with various substrate types, including silicon, silicon-based micromachined platforms, quartz, or high heat resistant polymers. This potentially facilitates the use of this method at a large-scale, due to its compatibility with state-of-the-art microfabrication processes for device manufacture. This report also describes the properties of these structures (e.g., morphology, crystalline phase, optical band gap, chemical composition, electrical resistance) and validates its gas sensing functionality towards carbon monoxide.

Columnar zinc oxide structures in the form of rods are synthesized via aerosol-assisted chemical vapor deposition without the use of pre-deposited catalyst-seed particles. This method is scalable and compatible with various substrates based on either silicon, quartz or polymers.

金属氧化物结构的气溶胶辅助化学气相沉积: 氧化锌棒

Whilst columnar zinc oxide (ZnO) structures in the form of rods or wires have been synthesized previously by different liquid- or vapor-phase routes, ...

High Resolution Physical Characterization of Single Metallic Nanoparticles

Individual molecules can be detected and characterized by measuring the degree by which they reduce the ionic current flowing through a single nanometer-scale pore. The signal is characteristic of the molecule&#39;s physicochemical properties and its interactions with the pore. We demonstrate that the nanopore formed by the bacterial protein exotoxin Staphylococcus aureus alpha hemolysin (&#945;HL) can detect polyoxometalates (POMs, anionic metal oxygen clusters), at the single molecule limit. Moreover, multiple degradation products of 12-phosphotungstic acid POM (PTA, H3PW12O40) in solution are simultaneously measured. The single molecule sensitivity of the nanopore method allows for POMs to be characterized at significantly lower concentrations than required for nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. This technique could serve as a new tool for chemists to study the molecular properties of polyoxometalates or other metallic clusters, to better understand POM synthetic processes, and possibly improve their yield. Hypothetically, the location of a given atom, or the rotation of a fragment in the molecule, and the metal oxidation state could be investigated with this method. In addition, this new technique has the advantage of allowing the real-time monitoring of molecules in solution.&#160;

Here, we present a protocol to detect discrete metal oxygen clusters, polyoxometalates (POMs), at the single molecule limit using a biological nanopore-based electronic platform. The method provides a complementary approach to traditional analytical chemistry tools used in the study of these molecules.

单金属纳米粒子的高分辨率物理特性

Individual molecules can be detected and characterized by measuring the degree by which they reduce the ionic current flowing through a single ...

Isotopic Effect in Double Proton Transfer Process of Porphycene Investigated by Enhanced QM/MM Method

The single deuterium substitution in porphycene leads to an asymmetric molecular geometry, which may affect the double proton transfer process in the porphycene molecule. In this study, we applied an enhanced QM/MM method called SITS-QM/MM to investigate hydrogen/deuterium (H/D) isotope effects on the double proton transfer in porphycene. Distance changes in SITS-QM/MM molecular dynamics simulations suggested that the deuterium substituted porphycene adopted the stepwise double proton transfer mechanism. The structural analysis and the free energy shifts of double proton transfer process indicated that the asymmetric isotopic substitution subtly compressed the covalent hydrogen bonds and may alter the original transition state location.

A protocol that uses enhanced QM/MM method to investigate the isotopic effect on the double proton transfer process in porphycene is presented here.

增强QM/MM方法研究的植物双质子转移过程中的同位素效应

The single deuterium substitution in porphycene leads to an asymmetric molecular geometry, which may affect the double proton transfer process in the ...

Automated Sample Multiplexing by using Combined Precursor Isotopic Labeling and Isobaric Tagging (cPILOT)

We have introduced a high throughput quantitative proteomics workflow, combined precursor isotopic labeling and isobaric tagging (cPILOT) capable of multiplexing up to 22 or 24 samples with tandem mass tags or isobaric N,N-dimethyl leucine isobaric tags, respectively, in a single experiment. This enhanced sample multiplexing considerably reduces mass spectrometry acquisition times and increases the utility of the expensive commercial isobaric reagents. However, the manual process of sample handling and pipetting steps in the strategy can be labor intensive, time consuming, and introduce sample loss and quantitative error. These limitations can be overcome through the incorporation of automation. Here we transferred the manual cPILOT protocol to an automated liquid handling device that can prepare large sample numbers (i.e., 96 samples) in parallel. Overall, automation increases feasibility and reproducibility of cPILOT and allows for broad usage by other researchers with comparable automation devices.

Automated Sample Multiplexing by using Combined Precursor Isotopic Labeling and Isobaric Tagging cPILOT

Combined precursor isotopic labeling and isobaric tagging (cPILOT) is an enhanced sample multiplexing strategy that is capable of increasing the number of samples that can be analyzed simultaneously with available isobaric tags. Incorporation of a robotic platform has greatly increased experimental throughput, reproducibility, and quantitative accuracy.

使用组合前体同位素标签和同位素标记 （cPILOT） 实现自动样品多路复用

We have introduced a high throughput quantitative proteomics workflow, combined precursor isotopic labeling and isobaric tagging (cPILOT) capable of ...

Zinc-Sponge Battery Electrodes that Suppress Dendrites

We report two methods to create zinc-sponge electrodes that suppress dendrite formation and shape change for rechargeable zinc batteries. Both methods are characterized by creating a paste made of zinc particles, organic porogen, and viscosity-enhancing agent that is heated under an inert gas and then air. During heating under the inert gas, the zinc particles anneal together, and the porogen decomposes; under air, the zinc fuses and residual organic burns out, yielding an open-cell metal foam or sponge. We tune the mechanical and electrochemical properties of the zinc sponges by varying zinc-to-porogen mass ratio, heating time under inert gas and air, and size and shape of the zinc and porogen particles. An advantage of the reported methods is their ability to finely tune zinc-sponge architecture. The selected size and shape of the zinc and porogen particles influence the morphology of the pore structure. A limitation is that resulting sponges have disordered pore structures that result in low mechanical strength at low volume fractions of zinc (&#60;30%). Applications for these zinc-sponge electrodes include batteries for grid-storage, personal electronics, electric vehicles, and electric aviation. Users can expect zinc-sponge electrodes to cycle up to 40% depth of discharge at technologically relevant rates and areal capacities without the formation of separator-piercing dendrites.

The goal of the reported protocols is to create rechargeable zinc-sponge electrodes that suppress dendrites and shape change in zinc batteries, such as nickel&#8211;zinc or zinc&#8211;air.

抑制登德里特的锌海绵电池电极

We report two methods to create zinc-sponge electrodes that suppress dendrite formation and shape change for rechargeable zinc batteries. Both methods are ...

Picometer-Precision Atomic Position Tracking through Electron Microscopy

The modern aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopes (AC-STEM) have successfully achieved direct visualization of atomic columns with sub-angstrom resolution. With this significant progress, advanced image quantification and analysis are still at the early stages. In this work, we present the complete pathway for the metrology of atomic resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) images. This includes (1) tips for acquiring high-quality STEM images; (2) denoising and drift-correction for enhancing measurement accuracy; (3) obtaining initial atomic positions; (4) indexing the atoms based on unit cell vectors; (5) quantifying the atom column positions with either 2D-Gaussian single peak fitting or (6) multi-peak fitting routines for slightly overlapping atomic columns; (7) quantification of lattice distortion/strain within the crystal structures or at the defects/interfaces where the lattice periodicity is disrupted; and (8) some common methods to visualize and present the analysis.
Furthermore, a simple self-developed free MATLAB app (EASY-STEM) with a graphical user interface (GUI) will be presented. The GUI can assist in the analysis of STEM images without the need for writing dedicated analysis code or software. The advanced data analysis methods presented here can be applied for the local quantification of defect relaxations, local structural distortions, local phase transformations, and non-centrosymmetry in a wide range of materials.

This work presents a workflow for atomic position tracking in atomic resolution transmission electron microscopy imaging. This workflow is performed using an open-source Matlab app (EASY-STEM).

通过电子显微镜进行精确原子位置跟踪

The modern aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopes (AC-STEM) have successfully achieved direct visualization of atomic columns ...