FM은 chaire 디부 우수 IDEX 소르본 파리 시테 통해 ANR에서 자금을 인정하고, INSU PNP 승인을 통해, 연구소 Universitaire 드 프랑스뿐만 아니라 소르본 파리 시테 (ANR-10-LabX에-0023과 ANR에서 LABEX UniverEarth 프로그램 -11-IDEX-0005-02). 우리는 또한 유럽 공동체의 H2020 프레임 워크 프로그램 / ERC 보조금 협정 # 637503 (원시)에서 유럽 연구위원회의 자금 지원을 주셔서 감사합니다.

참고 : 동물을 포함하는 절차는 Université 파리 디드로의 기관 동물 관리 및 사용위원회 (IACUC)에 의해 승인되었습니다. 재료 1. 준비 <ol><li> 하위 종기 더러움을 정화하기 위해 산의 1 L (HNO 3의 HBr)를 증류. </li><li> 뜨거운 (~ 100 °의 C)에서 커와 팁 어댑터 청소 적어도 이틀 동안 HNO 3 산욕을 농축시켰다. </li><li> 며칠 동안 감기 3 N HNO 3 조에서 피펫 팁을 세척하고 탈 이온수 개별적으로 세 번 씻어. </li></ol> 2. 샘플 준비 <ol><li> 케타민과 자일 라진의 복강 내 주사하여 쥐를 마취. 발가락 핀치 방법으로 마취를 평가합니다. </li><li> 1.5 ㎖의 튜브에 헤파린의 존재하에 심장 천자에 의해 혈액을 수거. </li><li> 원심 분리 (10 분, 1,500 XG)에 의해 혈액 세포에서 플라즈마를 분리 및 폴리 프로필렌 (C)에 플라즈마를 전송폴리 프로필렌 정보를 사용하여 ryogenic 병. </li><li> 심장을 관통 DPBS를 간 정맥을 절단하고 주입하여 기관에서 남아있는 혈액을 제거합니다. 자궁 전위에 의해 마우스의 죽음을 평가합니다. </li><li> 멸균 스테인레스 스틸 악기와 장기를 수확있는 경우 지방 주변을 무료로, 폴리 프로필렌 극저온 유리 병에서 그들을 동결 스냅. </li></ol> 3. 화학 정제 <ol><li> 첫째, 집중 (30 %)의 ~ 1 ml의 H 2 O 2와 농축 (~ 15 M) HNO 3 ~ 1 ML의 혼합에 샘플을 녹인다. 흄 후드 내부의 모든 단계를 수행합니다. <ol><li> 15 ml의 테플론 비커에 관심있는 모든 기관을 놓습니다. 그런 다음, 비커 5 H 2 O 2 / HNO 3를 추가합니다. 유기물의 산화 반응 및 CO 2의 방출로 인한 스플래시를 피하기 위해 몇 분 동안 열기 비이커 유지. </li><li> 마지막으로, ABO 핫 플레이트에 넣어 비이커솔루션 시간이나 때까지 몇 UT 100 ° C는 완벽하게 알 수있다. </li></ol></li><li> 비커를 열고 약 100 ℃의 핫 플레이트에 솔루션을 건조. </li><li> 샘플이 건조되면, 샘플에 1.5 N의 HBr 1 ㎖을 추가; 비커를 닫고 몇 시간 100 ℃에서 핫 플레이트에 용해 할 수 있습니다. </li><li> 한편 500 μL 열을 준비합니다. <ol><li> 컬럼에 AG1X8 200-400 메쉬 수지의 500 μl를 추가하고 아래의 쓰레기 비커와 열 선반에 넣어. 5 ㎖ MΩ ⋅ cm, 물, 0.5 N HNO 3 5 ㎖, 물 5 ㎖, 0.5 N HNO 3 5 ㎖ 18.2을, 그리고 물을 5 ml의 : 교번하여 수지를 씻어. 1.5 N HBr을 5 ml의 수지를 조정. </li></ol></li><li> 비커 실온까지 냉각 할 수 후 열판에서 비커를 제거하고 약 30 분간 초음파 욕조에 넣어합니다. </li><li> 비이커 냉각시키고 수지를 세척 후, 비커를 연다. T로 끝 어댑터를 넣어그는 주사기 피펫 팁을 추가; 샘플의 1 ml에 피펫 (수지를 선동하지 않기 위해 매우 느리게) 수지에로드합니다. </li><li> 모든 액체가 컬럼을 통해 통과하면 1.5 N의 HBr 5 mL를 추가한다. </li><li> 1.5 N의 HBr의 5 ml의 칼럼을 통해 합격 한 후, 깨끗한 15 비이커와 쓰레기 비커를 교체합니다. </li><li> 한 번에 0.5 N HNO 3 2.5 ml의 5 mL를 추가합니다. 이 단계에서 아연이 수지로부터 용출된다. </li><li> HNO 3의 5 ml의 컬럼을 통과하면, 비커를 제거하고 건조 할 때까지 100 ℃의 핫 플레이트에 놓습니다. </li><li> 열 홀더에서 열을 제거; 수지 쓰레기 (각 샘플에 대한 새로운 수지를 사용). </li><li> 샘플이 건조되면, 작은 컬럼에 산 (100 μL)의 동일한 부피의 프로토콜을 반복 한 후 건조 할 때까지 핫 플레이트 위에 놓는다. 샘플은 질량 분석을위한 준비가되었습니다. </li></ol> 4. 대량 분석 측정 <ol><li> 아연 동위 원소 COMPO 분석멀티 콜렉터 - 유도 결합 플라즈마 질량 분석기 (MC-ICP-MS)에 sition. <ol><li> 표 1에 요약 시스템 파라미터를 사용한다. </li></ol></li><li> (62) 니켈, 구리 (63), (64) 아연, 구리 (65), (66) 아연, 아연 67, 68 아연의 질량 (M / Z)에서 수집하는 패러데이 컵을 놓습니다. </li><li> 동위 원소 분석을 위해 0.1 M HNO 3 500 PPB의 아연을 함유 한 용액을 준비합니다. </li><li> 100 μL / 분 테플론 분무기와 함께 분무 챔버를 사용하여 아연 500 ppb의 용액을 분석한다. 각 샘플에 대해, 각 주사의 통합 시간은 8.389 초 30 인 스캔 (30 사이클의 1 블록)를 측정한다. </li><li> 빈 솔루션 (샘플을 다시 용해하는 데 사용되는 0.1 M HNO 3 용액)에서의 피크 제로 강도를 뺀 배경을 수정합니다. </li><li> 제어 및 62 니켈 피크의 강도를 측정하여 정확한 수 (64) 니켈 동중 간섭.올바른, 64 니켈 / 62 니켈의 비율이 자연이라는 악기 질량 바이어스에서이 값을 (0.2548)을 가정 한 다음과 같은 질량 64 64 니켈을 제거 : 측정 (64) 아연 실제 = 64 아연 - 니켈 측정 (64) = 64 아연 - (64 니켈 / 62 니켈)는 62 X 자연은 니켈 측정. </li><li> JMC 리옹 아연 표준의 500 ppb의 표준 용액 (또는 IRMM-3702과 같은 다른 가능한 표준)으로 각각의 샘플을 다단계로 악기 대량 편견을 수정합니다. 이전과 샘플 1을 뺀 후에 측정 1,000 곱하여 두 표준 66 아연 / 64 아연 비율 평균하여 샘플의 66 아연 / 64 아연 비율 나눈 표준 브라케팅 수행 (수학 식 1 참조). JMC 리옹 아연 표준에 전형적인 외부 정밀도는 0.05 permil / AMU (2 표준 편차, 2 SD)입니다. </li></ol>

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저자가 공개하는 게 없다.

측정의 재현성이 다른 분석 세션 동안 수행 동일한 샘플 복제의 분석을 통해 평가된다. 예 6에서, 우리는 같은 지상파 록 7 번 복제 된 우리가 표 2에보고 된 결과를 얻었다. 동위 원소 분별 (10)의 이론에서 예상하고 지금까지 어떤 태양계 물질의 측정 (예, 운석 11-13, 3-5, 심해 퇴적물 (14), 동물 15-17 식물)으로, 결과는 ...

높은 정밀도의 측정은 (더 이상 100 PPM / 원자 질량 단위) 아연 안정 동위 원소 조성은 다중 콜렉터 플라즈마 소스 질량 분석기의 개발로 약 15 년 감사 가능한 왔으며 보낸 주로 어스 적용된 행성 과학. 의료 분야에 응용 프로그램은 소설이며, 아연의 대사 (예를 들어, 알츠하이머 병)를 수정 질환의 바이오 마커로서 강력한 잠재력을 가지고있다. 이 논문은 여러가지 마우스의 장기에 고정밀 아연 천연 안정 동위 원소 비율을 측정하는 방법을보고한다. 같은 인간의 샘플에 적용될 수있다. 이 방법은 장기 원자의 나머지 아연의 화학적 정제 한 다음 질량 분광기상에서 동위 원소 비의 분석 용해 이루어져있다. 아연 동위 측정 품질은 화학 정제의 품질 (아연의 순도, 낮은 빈 샘플 콘텐츠에 의존샘플에 존재하는 아연의 양에 ared, 높은 화학적 과정의 수율)과 계기 바이어스 컨트롤. 최종 Zn으로 분획의 고순도가 매트릭스 효과를 동중 간섭 비 등압 간섭 모두를 제거하는데 필요하다. 동중 핵종 직접 간섭 (예를 들어, 64 니켈)을 만듭니다. 비 동중 간섭은 소위 &quot;매트릭스&quot;효과를 생성하고, 시료 1로 비교되는 순수한 아연 표준에 비해 이온화 상태를 변경하여 측정 분석의 정밀도를 변경. 저 빈 (&lt;10 NG)는 외부 아연에 의한 샘플의 어떤 오염이 없음을 나타냅니다 바이어스 측정 된 동위 원소 조성 것. 아연 동위 원소가 이온 교환 크로마토 그래피에 2 중 분획 수있는 바와 같이, 모든 아연 원자의 컬렉션에는 동위 원소 분획은 화학적 방법으로 전체 수율을 가져야한다는 것을 의미하는 발생하지 않는 것을 보장. 마지막으로, 질량 분석기 측정시 악기 동위 원소 분별의 보정은 &quot;표준 브라케팅&quot;방법을 통해 이루어집니다. 따라서, 주요 어려움 얻기 위해 정확한 측정은 다른 원자 또는 분자의 깨끗 전체 수율 화학 정제를 생산, (빈 즉, 낮음) 외부 오염을 제어하고, 질량 분석기에 쓸모 동위 원소 분류를 수정하고 있습니다. 본 논문에서는 마우스의 장기뿐만 아니라 질량 분광법 측정으로부터 아연을 분리하기 위해 분석 프로토콜을 설명한다. 추출은 음이온 교환 수지의 마이크로 컬럼 (0.5 μL, 0.1 μL)에 희석 산의 낮은 양 (HBr로 / HNO 3 용지)를 사용하여 수행된다. 그것은 전체 수율을 가지며, 측정 재현성을 외부 Zn으로 66 / 64 아연 비율에 더는 50ppm 이하를 갖는다. 메트의 또 다른 장점OD는 아주 빠르다는 것이다. 방법은 하나 따라서 잘 이러한 분석 방법이 개발되었다 지학에 비해 많은 수의 샘플을 분석 할 필요가있는 의료 과학하도록 구성된다.

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			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:236px;">Home-made teflon colunms made with shrinkable teflon</td>
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high precision zinc isotopic measurements applied to mouse organs

우리는 마우스 기관에서 높은 정밀도 아연 동위 원소 비율로 측정 할 수있는 방법을 제시한다. 아연은 자연스럽게 마우스 기관 사이에 분획있다 (5) 안정 동위 원소 (64 아연, 아연 66, 67 아연, 68 아연 및 아연 70)로 구성되어있다. 우리는 먼저 아연 원자를 확보하기 위해 다른 기관을 용해하는 방법을 보여줍니다; 이 단계는 HNO 3, H 2 O (2)의 혼합물에 의해 실현된다. 우리는 그 다음 묽은의 HBr / HNO 3 매체에 음이온 교환 크로마토 동중 간섭 (예, 니켈)로부터 특히 다른 모든 요소에서 아연 원자를 정제. 이러한 처음 두 단계는 고순도 화학 물질을 사용하여 깨끗한 실험실에서 수행된다. 마지막으로, 동위 원소 비율은 낮은 해상도, 다중 콜렉터 유도 결합 플라스마 질량 분석계를 사용하여 측정된다. 샘플 correc 인 스프레이 챔버 및 질량 분광기에 의해 유도 된 분획을 사용하여 동위 원소 주입표준 (표준 브라켓 기술)의 비율로 샘플의 비율을 비교하여 테드. 이것은 전체 전형적인 절차는 50ppm (2 SD) 재현성 동위 원소 비를 생성한다.

1.5 N의 HBr에서 메인 아연 종 (ZnBr3-) 음이온 교환 수지와 함께 강한 착물 형성은 대부분의 다른 요소는 수지와 상호 작용하지 않는 상태. 아연은, 희석 HNO 3 매질을 변화 -6,7- 수지로부터 방출되는 Zn을 Zn과의 분화 ​​2+ 변경함으로써 회수된다. 동위 원소 비율은 전형적으로 표준 편차에 대하여 1,000 분율로 표현된다 : <img alt="식 (1)"...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about High Precision Zinc Isotopic Measurements Applied to Mouse Organs at JoVE.com

High Precision Zinc Isotopic Measurements Applied to Mouse Organs

We present the technique to measure with high precision zinc isotope ratios in mouse organs.

마우스 기관에 적용 높은 정밀도 아연 동위 원소 측정

We present a procedure to measure with high precision zinc isotope ratios in mouse organs. Zinc is composed of 5 stable isotopes (64Zn, 66Zn, 67Zn, 68Zn ...

high-precision-zinc-isotopic-measurements-applied-to-mouse-organs

Research

JoVE Journal

Chemistry

7.4K 조회수.  Université Paris Diderot. We present the technique to measure with high precision zinc isotope ratios in mouse organs.

비디오: High Precision Zinc Isotopic Measurements Applied to Mouse Organs

High-pressure Sapphire Cell for Phase Equilibria Measurements of CO2/Organic/Water Systems

The high pressure sapphire cell apparatus was constructed to visually determine the composition of multiphase systems without physical sampling. Specifically, the sapphire cell enables visual data collection from multiple loadings to solve a set of material balances to precisely determine phase composition. Ternary phase diagrams can then be established to determine the proportion of each component in each phase at a given condition. In principle, any ternary system can be studied although ternary systems (gas-liquid-liquid) are the specific examples discussed herein. For instance, the ternary THF-Water-CO2 system was studied at 25 and 40&#160;&#176;C and is described herein. Of key importance, this technique does not require sampling. Circumventing the possible disturbance of the system equilibrium upon sampling, inherent measurement errors, and technical difficulties of physically sampling under pressure is a significant benefit of this technique. Perhaps as important, the sapphire cell also enables the direct visual observation of the phase behavior. In fact, as the CO2 pressure is increased, the homogeneous THF-Water solution phase splits at about 2 MPa. With this technique, it was possible to easily and clearly observe the cloud point and determine the composition of the newly formed phases as a function of pressure.
The data acquired with the sapphire cell technique can be used for many applications. In our case, we measured swelling and composition for tunable solvents, like gas-expanded liquids, gas-expanded ionic liquids and Organic Aqueous Tunable Systems (OATS)1-4. For the latest system, OATS, the high-pressure sapphire cell enabled the study of (1) phase behavior as a function of pressure and temperature, (2) composition of each phase (gas-liquid-liquid) as a function of pressure and temperature and (3) catalyst partitioning in the two liquid phases as a function of pressure and composition. Finally, the sapphire cell is an especially effective tool to gather accurate and reproducible measurements in a timely fashion.

High-pressure Sapphire Cell for Phase Equilibria Measurements of CO2/Organic/Water Systems

The high pressure sapphire cell apparatus is a unique tool to study, without sampling, phase behavior under a wide range of pressures. Using a cathetometer, very precise volume measurements can be recorded to measure liquid expansion and phase composition. Thus, this synthetic method enables the study of (1) phase equilibria of multi-component mixtures and (2) the partition behavior of catalyst or model compounds as a function of pressure.

CO의 상 평형 측정을위한 고압 사파이어 셀<sub&gt; 2</sub&gt; / 유기농 / 물 시스템

The high pressure sapphire cell apparatus was constructed to visually determine the composition of multiphase systems without physical sampling. ...

연구

화학

Cooling Rate Dependent Ellipsometry Measurements to Determine the Dynamics of Thin Glassy Films

This report aims to fully describe the experimental technique of using ellipsometry for cooling rate dependent Tg (CR-Tg) experiments. These measurements are simple high-throughput characterization experiments, which can determine the glass transition temperature (Tg), average dynamics, fragility and the expansion coefficient of the super-cooled liquid and glassy states for a variety of glassy materials. This technique allows for these parameters to be measured in a single experiment, while other methods must combine a variety of different techniques to investigate all of these properties. Measurements of dynamics close to Tg are particularly challenging. The advantage of cooling rate dependent Tg measurements over other methods which directly probe bulk and surface relaxation dynamics is that they are relatively quick and simple experiments, which do not utilize fluorophores or other complicated experimental techniques. Furthermore, this technique probes the average dynamics of technologically relevant thin films in temperature and relaxation time (&#964;&#945;) regimes relevant to the glass transition (&#964;&#945; &#62; 100 sec). The limitation to using ellipsometry for cooling rate dependent Tg experiments is that it cannot probe relaxation times relevant to measurements of viscosity (&#964;&#945; &#60;&#60; 1 sec). Other cooling rate dependent Tg measurement techniques, however, can extend the CR-Tg method to faster relaxation times. Furthermore, this technique can be used for any glassy system so long as the integrity of the film remains throughout the experiment.

Here, we present a protocol for cooling rate dependent ellipsometry experiments, which can determine the glass transition temperature (Tg), average dynamics, fragility and the expansion coefficient of the super-cooled liquid and glass for a variety of glassy materials.

속도 종속 엘립 소메 트리 측정 냉각 얇은 유리 필름의 역학을 확인하는

This report aims to fully describe the experimental technique of using ellipsometry for cooling rate dependent Tg (CR-Tg) experiments. These measurements ...

Immunostaining Phospho-epitopes in Ciliated Organs of Whole Mount Zebrafish Embryos

The rapid proliferation of cells, the tissue-specific expression of genes and the emergence of signaling networks characterize early embryonic development of all vertebrates. The kinetics and location of signals - even within single cells - in the developing embryo complements the identification of important developmental genes. Immunostaining techniques are described that have been shown to define the kinetics of intracellular and whole animal signals in structures as small as primary cilia. The techniques for fixing, imaging and processing images using a laser-scanning confocal compound microscope can be completed in as few as 36 hr.
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a desirable organism for investigators who seek to conduct studies in a vertebrate species that is affordable and relevant to human disease. Genetic knockouts or knockdowns must be confirmed by the loss of the actual protein product. Such confirmation of protein loss can be achieved using the techniques described here. Clues into signaling pathways can also be deciphered by using antibodies that are reactive with proteins that have been post-translationally modified by phosphorylation. Preserving and optimizing the phosphorylated state of an epitope is therefore critical to this determination and is accomplished by this protocol.
This study describes techniques to fix embryos during the first 72 hr of development and co-localize a variety of relevant epitopes with cilia in the Kupffer&#39;s Vesicle (KV), the kidney and the inner ear. These techniques are straightforward, do not require dissection and can be completed in a relatively short period of time. Projecting confocal image stacks into a single image is a useful means of presenting these data.

Techniques are described to immunostain phospho-epitopes in whole zebrafish embryos and then conduct two-color fluorescent confocal localization in cellular structures as small as primary cilia. The techniques for fixing and imaging can define the location and kinetics of the appearance or activation of specific proteins.

전체 마운트 Zebrafish의 태아의 섬모 기관에서 면역 염색 포스 - 항원 결정기

The rapid proliferation of cells, the tissue-specific expression of genes and the emergence of signaling networks characterize early embryonic development ...

Characterization, Quantification and Compound-specific Isotopic Analysis of Pyrogenic Carbon Using Benzene Polycarboxylic Acids (BPCA)

Fire-derived, pyrogenic carbon (PyC), sometimes called black carbon (BC), is the carbonaceous solid residue of biomass and fossil fuel combustion, such as char and soot. PyC is ubiquitous in the environment due to its long persistence, and its abundance might even increase with the projected increase in global wildfire activity and the continued burning of fossil fuel. PyC is also increasingly produced from the industrial pyrolysis of organic wastes, which yields charred soil amendments (biochar). Moreover, the emergence of nanotechnology may also result in the release of PyC-like compounds to the environment. It is thus a high priority to reliably detect, characterize and quantify these charred materials in order to investigate their environmental properties and to understand their role in the carbon cycle.
Here, we present the benzene polycarboxylic acid (BPCA) method, which allows the simultaneous assessment of PyC&#39;s characteristics, quantity and isotopic composition (13C and 14C) on a molecular level. The method is applicable to a very wide range of environmental sample materials and detects PyC over a broad range of the combustion continuum, i.e., it is sensitive to slightly charred biomass as well as high temperature chars and soot. The BPCA protocol presented here is simple to employ, highly reproducible, as well as easily extendable and modifiable to specific requirements. It thus provides a versatile tool for the investigation of PyC in various disciplines, ranging from archeology and environmental forensics to biochar and carbon cycling research.

Characterization, Quantification and Compound-specific Isotopic Analysis of Pyrogenic Carbon Using Benzene Polycarboxylic Acids BPCA

We present the benzene polycarboxylic acid (BPCA) method for assessing pyrogenic carbon (PyC) in the environment. The compound-specific approach uniquely provides simultaneous information about the characteristics, quantity and isotopic composition (13C and 14C) of PyC.

특성, 벤젠 폴리 카르 복실 산을 사용하여 발열 성 탄소의 정량 및 화합물 특정 동위 원소 분석 (BPCA)

Fire-derived, pyrogenic carbon (PyC), sometimes called black carbon (BC), is the carbonaceous solid residue of biomass and fossil fuel combustion, such as ...

Aerosol-assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition of Metal Oxide Structures: Zinc Oxide Rods

Whilst columnar zinc oxide (ZnO) structures in the form of rods or wires have been synthesized previously by different liquid- or vapor-phase routes, their high cost production and/or incompatibility with microfabrication technologies, due to the use of pre-deposited catalyst-seeds and/or high processing temperatures exceeding 900 &#176;C, represent a drawback for a widespread use of these methods. Here, however, we report the synthesis of ZnO rods via a non-catalyzed vapor-solid mechanism enabled by using an aerosol-assisted chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method at 400 &#176;C with zinc chloride (ZnCl2) as the precursor and ethanol as the carrier solvent. This method provides both single-step formation of ZnO rods and the possibility of their direct integration with various substrate types, including silicon, silicon-based micromachined platforms, quartz, or high heat resistant polymers. This potentially facilitates the use of this method at a large-scale, due to its compatibility with state-of-the-art microfabrication processes for device manufacture. This report also describes the properties of these structures (e.g., morphology, crystalline phase, optical band gap, chemical composition, electrical resistance) and validates its gas sensing functionality towards carbon monoxide.

Columnar zinc oxide structures in the form of rods are synthesized via aerosol-assisted chemical vapor deposition without the use of pre-deposited catalyst-seed particles. This method is scalable and compatible with various substrates based on either silicon, quartz or polymers.

에 어로 졸 기반 구조 금속 산화물의 화학 증기 증 착: 산화 아연 막대

Whilst columnar zinc oxide (ZnO) structures in the form of rods or wires have been synthesized previously by different liquid- or vapor-phase routes, ...

High Resolution Physical Characterization of Single Metallic Nanoparticles

Individual molecules can be detected and characterized by measuring the degree by which they reduce the ionic current flowing through a single nanometer-scale pore. The signal is characteristic of the molecule&#39;s physicochemical properties and its interactions with the pore. We demonstrate that the nanopore formed by the bacterial protein exotoxin Staphylococcus aureus alpha hemolysin (&#945;HL) can detect polyoxometalates (POMs, anionic metal oxygen clusters), at the single molecule limit. Moreover, multiple degradation products of 12-phosphotungstic acid POM (PTA, H3PW12O40) in solution are simultaneously measured. The single molecule sensitivity of the nanopore method allows for POMs to be characterized at significantly lower concentrations than required for nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. This technique could serve as a new tool for chemists to study the molecular properties of polyoxometalates or other metallic clusters, to better understand POM synthetic processes, and possibly improve their yield. Hypothetically, the location of a given atom, or the rotation of a fragment in the molecule, and the metal oxidation state could be investigated with this method. In addition, this new technique has the advantage of allowing the real-time monitoring of molecules in solution.&#160;

Here, we present a protocol to detect discrete metal oxygen clusters, polyoxometalates (POMs), at the single molecule limit using a biological nanopore-based electronic platform. The method provides a complementary approach to traditional analytical chemistry tools used in the study of these molecules.

단일 금속 나노 입자의 고분해능 물리적 특성화

Individual molecules can be detected and characterized by measuring the degree by which they reduce the ionic current flowing through a single ...

Isotopic Effect in Double Proton Transfer Process of Porphycene Investigated by Enhanced QM/MM Method

The single deuterium substitution in porphycene leads to an asymmetric molecular geometry, which may affect the double proton transfer process in the porphycene molecule. In this study, we applied an enhanced QM/MM method called SITS-QM/MM to investigate hydrogen/deuterium (H/D) isotope effects on the double proton transfer in porphycene. Distance changes in SITS-QM/MM molecular dynamics simulations suggested that the deuterium substituted porphycene adopted the stepwise double proton transfer mechanism. The structural analysis and the free energy shifts of double proton transfer process indicated that the asymmetric isotopic substitution subtly compressed the covalent hydrogen bonds and may alter the original transition state location.

A protocol that uses enhanced QM/MM method to investigate the isotopic effect on the double proton transfer process in porphycene is presented here.

향상된 QM/MM 방법으로 조사된 포르피센의 이중 양성자 이송 과정에서 동위원소 효과

The single deuterium substitution in porphycene leads to an asymmetric molecular geometry, which may affect the double proton transfer process in the ...

Automated Sample Multiplexing by using Combined Precursor Isotopic Labeling and Isobaric Tagging (cPILOT)

We have introduced a high throughput quantitative proteomics workflow, combined precursor isotopic labeling and isobaric tagging (cPILOT) capable of multiplexing up to 22 or 24 samples with tandem mass tags or isobaric N,N-dimethyl leucine isobaric tags, respectively, in a single experiment. This enhanced sample multiplexing considerably reduces mass spectrometry acquisition times and increases the utility of the expensive commercial isobaric reagents. However, the manual process of sample handling and pipetting steps in the strategy can be labor intensive, time consuming, and introduce sample loss and quantitative error. These limitations can be overcome through the incorporation of automation. Here we transferred the manual cPILOT protocol to an automated liquid handling device that can prepare large sample numbers (i.e., 96 samples) in parallel. Overall, automation increases feasibility and reproducibility of cPILOT and allows for broad usage by other researchers with comparable automation devices.

Automated Sample Multiplexing by using Combined Precursor Isotopic Labeling and Isobaric Tagging cPILOT

Combined precursor isotopic labeling and isobaric tagging (cPILOT) is an enhanced sample multiplexing strategy that is capable of increasing the number of samples that can be analyzed simultaneously with available isobaric tags. Incorporation of a robotic platform has greatly increased experimental throughput, reproducibility, and quantitative accuracy.

결합된 전구체 이소토픽 라벨링 및 동서성 태그(cPILOT)를 사용하여 자동화된 샘플 멀티플렉스

We have introduced a high throughput quantitative proteomics workflow, combined precursor isotopic labeling and isobaric tagging (cPILOT) capable of ...

Zinc-Sponge Battery Electrodes that Suppress Dendrites

We report two methods to create zinc-sponge electrodes that suppress dendrite formation and shape change for rechargeable zinc batteries. Both methods are characterized by creating a paste made of zinc particles, organic porogen, and viscosity-enhancing agent that is heated under an inert gas and then air. During heating under the inert gas, the zinc particles anneal together, and the porogen decomposes; under air, the zinc fuses and residual organic burns out, yielding an open-cell metal foam or sponge. We tune the mechanical and electrochemical properties of the zinc sponges by varying zinc-to-porogen mass ratio, heating time under inert gas and air, and size and shape of the zinc and porogen particles. An advantage of the reported methods is their ability to finely tune zinc-sponge architecture. The selected size and shape of the zinc and porogen particles influence the morphology of the pore structure. A limitation is that resulting sponges have disordered pore structures that result in low mechanical strength at low volume fractions of zinc (&#60;30%). Applications for these zinc-sponge electrodes include batteries for grid-storage, personal electronics, electric vehicles, and electric aviation. Users can expect zinc-sponge electrodes to cycle up to 40% depth of discharge at technologically relevant rates and areal capacities without the formation of separator-piercing dendrites.

The goal of the reported protocols is to create rechargeable zinc-sponge electrodes that suppress dendrites and shape change in zinc batteries, such as nickel&#8211;zinc or zinc&#8211;air.

담수개를 억제하는 아연 스폰지 배터리 전극

We report two methods to create zinc-sponge electrodes that suppress dendrite formation and shape change for rechargeable zinc batteries. Both methods are ...

Picometer-Precision Atomic Position Tracking through Electron Microscopy

The modern aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopes (AC-STEM) have successfully achieved direct visualization of atomic columns with sub-angstrom resolution. With this significant progress, advanced image quantification and analysis are still at the early stages. In this work, we present the complete pathway for the metrology of atomic resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) images. This includes (1) tips for acquiring high-quality STEM images; (2) denoising and drift-correction for enhancing measurement accuracy; (3) obtaining initial atomic positions; (4) indexing the atoms based on unit cell vectors; (5) quantifying the atom column positions with either 2D-Gaussian single peak fitting or (6) multi-peak fitting routines for slightly overlapping atomic columns; (7) quantification of lattice distortion/strain within the crystal structures or at the defects/interfaces where the lattice periodicity is disrupted; and (8) some common methods to visualize and present the analysis.
Furthermore, a simple self-developed free MATLAB app (EASY-STEM) with a graphical user interface (GUI) will be presented. The GUI can assist in the analysis of STEM images without the need for writing dedicated analysis code or software. The advanced data analysis methods presented here can be applied for the local quantification of defect relaxations, local structural distortions, local phase transformations, and non-centrosymmetry in a wide range of materials.

This work presents a workflow for atomic position tracking in atomic resolution transmission electron microscopy imaging. This workflow is performed using an open-source Matlab app (EASY-STEM).

전자 현미경 검사를 통한 피오피터 정밀 원자 위치 추적

The modern aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopes (AC-STEM) have successfully achieved direct visualization of atomic columns ...