FM Chaire d&#39;Excellence IDEX Sorbonne Paris Cité aracılığıyla ANR fon kabul, INSU PNP hibe yoluyla, Institut Universitaire de France yanı sıra Sorbonne Paris Cité (ANR-10-LabX-0023 ve ANR at LABEX UniverEarth programı -11-IDEX-0005-02). Biz de Avrupa Topluluğu&#39;nun H2020 çerçeve programı / ERC hibe anlaşması # 637503 (Bozulmamış) kapsamında Avrupa Araştırma Konseyi fon teşekkür ederim.

NOT: hayvanlarla ilgili Prosedürler Université Paris Diderot Kurumsal Hayvan Bakım ve Kullanım Komitesi (IACUC) tarafından onaylanmıştır. 1. Malzemenin Hazırlanması <ol><li> Alt kaynatma kirlilikten arındırmak için asit 1 L (HNO 3, HBr) distile olur. </li><li> Sıcak (~ 100 ° C) &#39;de beher ve ucu adaptörü temizleyin en az iki gün HNO 3 asidi banyosu yoğunlaştı. </li><li> Birkaç gün boyunca soğuk 3 N HNO 3 banyosu içinde pipet uçları yıkayın ve de-iyonize su ile tek tek üç kez yıkayın. </li></ol> 2. Numune Hazırlama <ol><li> Ketamin ve ksilazin intraperitoneal enjeksiyonu ile farelere anestezi. Ayak tutam yöntemi ile anestezi değerlendirin. </li><li> 1.5 ml tüpler içinde heparin mevcudiyetinde bir kardiyak delme ile kan toplanır. </li><li> Santrifüjleme (10 dakika, 1500 x g) kan hücrelerinden plazma ayrılır ve polipropilen c plazma aktarmakPolipropilen ipuçlarını kullanarak ryogenic şişeler. </li><li> Kalbinden DPBS hepatik ven kesme ve enjekte ederek organlara kalan kanı çıkarın. Servikal dislokasyon ile fare ölümü değerlendirin. </li><li> Steril paslanmaz çelik aletlerle organlarını varsa yağ çevreleyen onları serbest ve polipropilen kriyojenik şişeleri onları-dondurma ani olarak. </li></ol> 3. Kimyasal saflaştırma <ol><li> İlk olarak, konsantre (% 30) ~ 1 ml H2O 2 ve konsantre edilerek (~ 15 M) HNO 3 ~ 1 ml &#39;lik bir karışımı içinde örnekleri çözülür. Davlumbaz içindeki tüm adımları yapın. <ol><li> 15 ml teflon beher içerisine ilgi bütün organı yerleştirin. Daha sonra, beher 5 H2O 2 / HNO 3 ekleyin. Organik maddenin oksidasyon reaksiyonu ve CO 2 salınımı nedeniyle sıçramalarını önlemek için bir kaç dakika için açık bir beher tutun. </li><li> Son olarak, Abo sıcak bir plaka üzerinde beheri koydusolüsyon saat kadar veya bir kaç ut 100 ° C çok açıktır. </li></ol></li><li> Beher açın ve yaklaşık 100 ° C&#39;de bir sıcak plaka üzerinde çözeltisi kurutun. </li><li> Örnek kuruduktan sonra, numunelere 1.5 N HBr 1 ml ekleyin; beher kapatın ve birkaç saat boyunca 100 ° C&#39;de sıcak bir plaka üzerinde çözülür edelim. </li><li> Bu arada 500 ul sütunları hazırlar. <ol><li> Sütun AG1X8 200-400 meş reçine 500 ul ekleyin ve altında bir çöp beher sütun rafa koydu. 5 mi M? ⋅ cm su, 0.5 N HNO 3 5 ml, 5 ml su, 0.5 N HNO 3 5 ml 18.2 ve su daha sonra 5 mi: sırayla değişen reçineyi yıkayın. 1.5 N HBr 5 ml reçine hale getirin. </li></ol></li><li> Bardak oda sıcaklığına soğumasını bekleyin, sonra sıcak plaka beher çıkarın ve yaklaşık 30 dakika boyunca bir ultrason banyosunda koydu ve. </li><li> Beher soğutulur ve reçine yıkandı sonra, beher açın. T ucu adaptörü koyO, şırınga, bir pipet ekleyin; numune 1 ml pipet ve (reçine tahrik etmemek için çok yavaş) reçine üzerine yük. </li><li> Tüm sıvı sütunu içinden geçtikten sonra, 1.5 N HBr 5 ml ekleyin. </li><li> 1.5 N HBr 5 mi kolonu boyunca geçtikten sonra, temiz bir 15 ml&#39;lik bir cam kaba olan çöp kabı değiştirin. </li><li> Aynı anda, 0.5 N HNO 3 2.5 ml 5 ml. Bu aşamada çinko reçineden elüe edilir. </li><li> HNO 3 5 ml sütunu içinden geçtikten sonra, beher çıkarın ve kuruyana kadar 100 ° C&#39;de bir sıcak plaka üzerine yerleştirin. </li><li> Sütun tutucudan sütun çıkarın; reçine çöp (her bir örnek için, yeni bir reçine kullanmak). </li><li> Örnek kuruduktan sonra, daha küçük bir sütun üzerinde asidi (100 ul), aynı hacimde protokolü tekrar ve daha sonra kuruyana kadar bir sıcak plaka üzerine yerleştirin. Örnek kitle spektrometresi için hazırdır. </li></ol> 4. Kütle-spektrometresi Ölçümü <ol><li> Zn izotop alçı AnalizÇok toplayıcı-indüktif eşleşmiş plazma-kütle spektrometresi (MC-ICP-MS) lan de. <ol><li> Tablo 1&#39;de özetlenmiştir makine parametrelerini kullanın. </li></ol></li><li> 62 Ni, 63 Cu, Zn 64, 65 Cu, Zn 66, 67 Zn ve 68 Zn KÜTLE (m / z) toplamak için Faraday bardak yerleştirin. </li><li> Izotop analizi için 0.1 M HNO 3 500 ppb Zn içeren bir solüsyon hazırlayın. </li><li> 100 ul / dakika teflon nebulizer ile birlikte bir püskürtme odası kullanarak Zn 500 ppb çözeltisi analiz eder. Her bir örnek için, her bir tarama entegrasyon süresi 8,389 sn olduğu 30 taramalar (30 döngü, 1 blok) ölçer. </li><li> Boş solüsyonu (örnekleri yeniden çözünmesi için kullanılan 0.1 M HNO 3 çözeltisi) on-tepe sıfır yoğunlukları çıkarılarak arka plan düzeltin. </li><li> Kontrol ve 62 Ni doruk şiddeti ölçülerek doğru mümkün olan 64 Ni izobarik girişim.Doğru, 64 Ni / 62 Ni oranı doğal olduğunu enstrümantal kitle önyargı bu değeri (0,2548) varsayalım, ve daha sonra kütle 64 64 Ni kaldırın: Ölçülen 64 Zn gerçek = 64 Zn - ölçülen 64 Ni = 64 Zn - (64 Ni / 62 Ni) 62 x doğal Ni ölçüldü. </li><li> JMC Lyon Zn standardının 500 ppb, standart solüsyonu (ya da IRMM-3702 gibi başka mevcut standart) numunelerin her bracketing ile enstrümantal kitle önyargı düzeltin. Önce ve örnek eksi 1 sonra ölçüldü ve 1.000 ile çarpılması iki standart 66 Zn / 64 Zn oranının ortalama numunenin 66 Zn / 64 Zn oranı bölünmesi standart braketi gerçekleştir (Denklem 1 e bakınız). JMC Lyon Zn standart Tipik dış hassasiyet 0,05 permil / amu (2 standart sapma, 2 sd) &#39;dir. </li></ol>

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Yazarlar ifşa hiçbir şey yok.

ölçümlerin tekrarlanabilirliği farklı analitik oturumları sırasında yürütülen aynı numunelerin çoğaltılmış analizlerle değerlendirilir. Örnek 6 için, aynı karasal kullanıcıların rock 7 defa tekrarlanır olan ve Tablo 2&#39;de rapor edilen sonuçları elde edilmiştir. Izotop fraksiyon 10 teorisinin beklenen ve bugüne kadar herhangi bir güneş sistemi malzeme ölçüldüğü gibi (örneğin, göktaşı 11-13, 3-5,<...

yüksek hassasiyetli ölçümü (daha iyi 100 ppm / atomik kütle birimi) çinko izotop bileşimi sadece çoklu-toplayıcı plazma kaynak kitle spektrometresi gelişimine yaklaşık 15 yıl sayesinde mümkün olmuştur ve o zamandan beri çoğunlukla Earth uygulanmış ve gezegen bilimleri. Tıp alanında uygulamaları yenidir ve çinko metabolizmasını (örneğin, Alzheimer hastalığı) modifiye hastalıklar için biyobelirteçler gibi güçlü bir potansiyele sahiptir. Bu makale çeşitli fare organlarda yüksek hassasiyetle çinkonun doğal izotop oranları ölçmek için bir yöntem bildirir. Aynı insan örnekleri için geçerli olacaktır. yöntem, organ, atomunu kalan çinkonun kimyasal saflaştırma ve daha sonra bir kitle spektrometresi üzerinde izotop oranı analiz çözünme meydana gelir. Zn izotop ölçümlerin kaliteli kimyasal arıtma kalitesi (Zn saflığı, düşük boş abone ol bağlıdırörnek Zn miktarına ared, yüksek kimyasal usul verim) ve enstrümantal önyargı kontrolü. Nihai Zn fraksiyonunun yüksek saflıkta bir matris efekti oluşturmak İzobarik müdahaleler ve non-izobarik girişim hem kaldırmak için gereklidir. Isobaric nuclides doğrudan müdahaleler (örneğin, 64 Ni) oluşturun. Sigara izobarik müdahaleler olarak adlandırılan &quot;matris&quot; etkisi oluşturabilir ve numuneler 1 göre olan saf çinko standardına göre iyonizasyon durumunu değiştirerek ölçümleri analitik hassasiyet değiştirebilir. Düşük boş (&lt;10 ng) dış Zn ile numunelerin kontaminasyon olduğunu gösterir önyargı ölçülen izotop bileşimini olur o. Zn izotopları, iyon-değiştirme kromatografisi 2 boyunca kısımlara gibi, bütün Zn atomları toplanması herhangi bir izotopik fraksiyonasyon kimyasal işlemi tam verim sahip olması gerektiği anlamına gelen oluşmasını temin eder. Son olarak, kütle spektrometresi ölçümü sırasında enstrümantal izotop fraksiyon düzeltilmesi &quot;standart dizeleme&quot; yöntemi ile yapılır. Bu nedenle, ana zorluklar elde etmek için hassas ölçümler başka atomlar veya moleküller temiz tam verim kimyasal arıtmaya üreten, (boş, yani düşük) dış kirlenmeyi kontrol ve kütle spektrometresi-enstrümantal izotop fraksiyonasyon düzeltiyorsanız. Bu yazıda, fare organları yanı sıra kitle spektrometresi ölçümlerinden Zn ayırmak için analitik protokol anlatacağız. ekstraksiyon, anyon-değişim reçine mikro sütununa (0.5 ul ve 0.1 ul) ile seyreltildi asitlerin düşük miktarda (HBr / HNO 3 ortam) kullanılarak yapılır. Bu tam bir verim vardır ve ölçümler harici tekrarlanabilirlik 66 Zn / 64 Zn oranı daha iyi 50 ppm var. Meth diğer bir avantajıod çok hızlı olmasıdır. Bu yüzden, yöntem, çok iyi bir bu analitik yöntemler geliştirilmiştir bilimleri ile karşılaştırıldığında numune çok sayıda analiz etmek için ihtiyacı olan, tıp şekilde uyarlanmıştır.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="601">
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		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:236px;">Name of Material/ Equipment</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Company</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Catalog Number</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Comments/Description</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:236px;">Multi-collection inductively-coupled-plasma mass-spectromter</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Thermo-Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:99px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Anion-exchange resin AG1 X8 200-400</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Bio-Rad</td>
			<td colspan="2">140-1443-MSDS</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:236px;">teflon beakers</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Savillex&#160;</td>
			<td>200-015-12</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:236px;">Home-made teflon colunms made with shrinkable teflon</td>
			<td style="width:99px;"></td>
			<td style="width:99px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

high precision zinc isotopic measurements applied to mouse organs

Biz fare organlarda yüksek hassasiyetli çinko izotop oranları ile ölçmek için bir prosedür mevcut. Çinko doğal fare organları arasında parçalandı olan 5 duraylı izotop (64 Zn, 66 Zn, 67 Zn, 68 Zn ve 70 Zn) oluşmaktadır. Biz ilk Zn atomları boşaltmak için farklı organlara çözmek için nasıl gösterir; Bu adım, HNO 3 ve H2O 2 bir karışımı ile gerçekleştirilir. Daha sonra, bir seyreltik HBr / HNO 3 ortam içinde anyon değişim kromatografisi ile izobarik etkileşimler (örneğin, Ni), özellikle de, diğer elemanları çinko atomu saflaştırılması. Bu, ilk iki adım yüksek saflıkta kimyasallar kullanılarak temiz bir laboratuarda gerçekleştirilmiştir. Son olarak, izotop oranları düşük çözünürlükte, çoklu toplayıcı indüktif çiftli-plazma kütle spektrometre kullanılarak-ölçülür. Numuneler düzeltmesi olan bir püskürtme odası ve kütle-spektrometresi ile indüklenen izotopik parçalaması kullanılarak enjekte edilirBir standart (standart dizeleme tekniği) oranına örneklerin oranının karşılaştırarak ted. Bu, tam tipik prosedür 50 ppm (2 sd) tekrarlanabilirlik ile bir izotop oranı üretir.

1.5 N HBr, ana çinko türleri (ZnBr3-) anyon değiştirme reçinesi ile form güçlü kompleksleri, çoğu diğer elemanlar reçine ile etkileşime yok iken. Çinko, daha sonra seyreltilmiş HNO 3 orta değiştirme reçinesi 6,7 salınır Zn Zn 2+ türleşmesini değiştirerek elde edilir. Izotop oranı tipik olarak, standart göre 1000 sapmalar başına kısımlar olarak ifade edilir: <img alt="Denklem 1" fo:content-width="2.5in"...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about High Precision Zinc Isotopic Measurements Applied to Mouse Organs at JoVE.com

High Precision Zinc Isotopic Measurements Applied to Mouse Organs

We present the technique to measure with high precision zinc isotope ratios in mouse organs.

Fare Organlar Uygulanan Yüksek Hassasiyetli Çinko İzotopik Ölçümler

We present a procedure to measure with high precision zinc isotope ratios in mouse organs. Zinc is composed of 5 stable isotopes (64Zn, 66Zn, 67Zn, 68Zn ...

high-precision-zinc-isotopic-measurements-applied-to-mouse-organs

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JoVE Journal

Chemistry

7.4K Görüntüleme.  Université Paris Diderot. We present the technique to measure with high precision zinc isotope ratios in mouse organs.

Video: High Precision Zinc Isotopic Measurements Applied to Mouse Organs

High-pressure Sapphire Cell for Phase Equilibria Measurements of CO2/Organic/Water Systems

The high pressure sapphire cell apparatus was constructed to visually determine the composition of multiphase systems without physical sampling. Specifically, the sapphire cell enables visual data collection from multiple loadings to solve a set of material balances to precisely determine phase composition. Ternary phase diagrams can then be established to determine the proportion of each component in each phase at a given condition. In principle, any ternary system can be studied although ternary systems (gas-liquid-liquid) are the specific examples discussed herein. For instance, the ternary THF-Water-CO2 system was studied at 25 and 40&#160;&#176;C and is described herein. Of key importance, this technique does not require sampling. Circumventing the possible disturbance of the system equilibrium upon sampling, inherent measurement errors, and technical difficulties of physically sampling under pressure is a significant benefit of this technique. Perhaps as important, the sapphire cell also enables the direct visual observation of the phase behavior. In fact, as the CO2 pressure is increased, the homogeneous THF-Water solution phase splits at about 2 MPa. With this technique, it was possible to easily and clearly observe the cloud point and determine the composition of the newly formed phases as a function of pressure.
The data acquired with the sapphire cell technique can be used for many applications. In our case, we measured swelling and composition for tunable solvents, like gas-expanded liquids, gas-expanded ionic liquids and Organic Aqueous Tunable Systems (OATS)1-4. For the latest system, OATS, the high-pressure sapphire cell enabled the study of (1) phase behavior as a function of pressure and temperature, (2) composition of each phase (gas-liquid-liquid) as a function of pressure and temperature and (3) catalyst partitioning in the two liquid phases as a function of pressure and composition. Finally, the sapphire cell is an especially effective tool to gather accurate and reproducible measurements in a timely fashion.

High-pressure Sapphire Cell for Phase Equilibria Measurements of CO2/Organic/Water Systems

The high pressure sapphire cell apparatus is a unique tool to study, without sampling, phase behavior under a wide range of pressures. Using a cathetometer, very precise volume measurements can be recorded to measure liquid expansion and phase composition. Thus, this synthetic method enables the study of (1) phase equilibria of multi-component mixtures and (2) the partition behavior of catalyst or model compounds as a function of pressure.

CO Faz Dengeleri Ölçümleri için yüksek basınçlı Safir Hücre<sub&gt; 2</sub&gt; / / Organik Su Sistemleri

The high pressure sapphire cell apparatus was constructed to visually determine the composition of multiphase systems without physical sampling. ...

Kimya

Cooling Rate Dependent Ellipsometry Measurements to Determine the Dynamics of Thin Glassy Films

This report aims to fully describe the experimental technique of using ellipsometry for cooling rate dependent Tg (CR-Tg) experiments. These measurements are simple high-throughput characterization experiments, which can determine the glass transition temperature (Tg), average dynamics, fragility and the expansion coefficient of the super-cooled liquid and glassy states for a variety of glassy materials. This technique allows for these parameters to be measured in a single experiment, while other methods must combine a variety of different techniques to investigate all of these properties. Measurements of dynamics close to Tg are particularly challenging. The advantage of cooling rate dependent Tg measurements over other methods which directly probe bulk and surface relaxation dynamics is that they are relatively quick and simple experiments, which do not utilize fluorophores or other complicated experimental techniques. Furthermore, this technique probes the average dynamics of technologically relevant thin films in temperature and relaxation time (&#964;&#945;) regimes relevant to the glass transition (&#964;&#945; &#62; 100 sec). The limitation to using ellipsometry for cooling rate dependent Tg experiments is that it cannot probe relaxation times relevant to measurements of viscosity (&#964;&#945; &#60;&#60; 1 sec). Other cooling rate dependent Tg measurement techniques, however, can extend the CR-Tg method to faster relaxation times. Furthermore, this technique can be used for any glassy system so long as the integrity of the film remains throughout the experiment.

Here, we present a protocol for cooling rate dependent ellipsometry experiments, which can determine the glass transition temperature (Tg), average dynamics, fragility and the expansion coefficient of the super-cooled liquid and glass for a variety of glassy materials.

Puan Bağımlı Elipsometri Ölçümleri Soğutma İnce Camsı Filmlerin dinamikleri belirleme

This report aims to fully describe the experimental technique of using ellipsometry for cooling rate dependent Tg (CR-Tg) experiments. These measurements ...

Immunostaining Phospho-epitopes in Ciliated Organs of Whole Mount Zebrafish Embryos

The rapid proliferation of cells, the tissue-specific expression of genes and the emergence of signaling networks characterize early embryonic development of all vertebrates. The kinetics and location of signals - even within single cells - in the developing embryo complements the identification of important developmental genes. Immunostaining techniques are described that have been shown to define the kinetics of intracellular and whole animal signals in structures as small as primary cilia. The techniques for fixing, imaging and processing images using a laser-scanning confocal compound microscope can be completed in as few as 36 hr.
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a desirable organism for investigators who seek to conduct studies in a vertebrate species that is affordable and relevant to human disease. Genetic knockouts or knockdowns must be confirmed by the loss of the actual protein product. Such confirmation of protein loss can be achieved using the techniques described here. Clues into signaling pathways can also be deciphered by using antibodies that are reactive with proteins that have been post-translationally modified by phosphorylation. Preserving and optimizing the phosphorylated state of an epitope is therefore critical to this determination and is accomplished by this protocol.
This study describes techniques to fix embryos during the first 72 hr of development and co-localize a variety of relevant epitopes with cilia in the Kupffer&#39;s Vesicle (KV), the kidney and the inner ear. These techniques are straightforward, do not require dissection and can be completed in a relatively short period of time. Projecting confocal image stacks into a single image is a useful means of presenting these data.

Techniques are described to immunostain phospho-epitopes in whole zebrafish embryos and then conduct two-color fluorescent confocal localization in cellular structures as small as primary cilia. The techniques for fixing and imaging can define the location and kinetics of the appearance or activation of specific proteins.

Tüm Dağı Zebra balığı Embriyolar kirpikli Organları boyanmasına Fosfo-epitoplar

The rapid proliferation of cells, the tissue-specific expression of genes and the emergence of signaling networks characterize early embryonic development ...

Characterization, Quantification and Compound-specific Isotopic Analysis of Pyrogenic Carbon Using Benzene Polycarboxylic Acids (BPCA)

Fire-derived, pyrogenic carbon (PyC), sometimes called black carbon (BC), is the carbonaceous solid residue of biomass and fossil fuel combustion, such as char and soot. PyC is ubiquitous in the environment due to its long persistence, and its abundance might even increase with the projected increase in global wildfire activity and the continued burning of fossil fuel. PyC is also increasingly produced from the industrial pyrolysis of organic wastes, which yields charred soil amendments (biochar). Moreover, the emergence of nanotechnology may also result in the release of PyC-like compounds to the environment. It is thus a high priority to reliably detect, characterize and quantify these charred materials in order to investigate their environmental properties and to understand their role in the carbon cycle.
Here, we present the benzene polycarboxylic acid (BPCA) method, which allows the simultaneous assessment of PyC&#39;s characteristics, quantity and isotopic composition (13C and 14C) on a molecular level. The method is applicable to a very wide range of environmental sample materials and detects PyC over a broad range of the combustion continuum, i.e., it is sensitive to slightly charred biomass as well as high temperature chars and soot. The BPCA protocol presented here is simple to employ, highly reproducible, as well as easily extendable and modifiable to specific requirements. It thus provides a versatile tool for the investigation of PyC in various disciplines, ranging from archeology and environmental forensics to biochar and carbon cycling research.

Characterization, Quantification and Compound-specific Isotopic Analysis of Pyrogenic Carbon Using Benzene Polycarboxylic Acids BPCA

We present the benzene polycarboxylic acid (BPCA) method for assessing pyrogenic carbon (PyC) in the environment. The compound-specific approach uniquely provides simultaneous information about the characteristics, quantity and isotopic composition (13C and 14C) of PyC.

Karakterizasyon, benzen polikarboksilik asitler kullanılarak Pirojenik karbon miktarının ve Bileşik özgü izotopik Analizi (BPCA)

Fire-derived, pyrogenic carbon (PyC), sometimes called black carbon (BC), is the carbonaceous solid residue of biomass and fossil fuel combustion, such as ...

Fizzy Extraction of Volatile Organic Compounds Combined with Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry

Chemical analysis of volatile and semivolatile compounds dissolved in liquid samples can be challenging. The dissolved components need to be brought to the gas phase, and efficiently transferred to a detection system. Fizzy extraction takes advantage of the effervescence phenomenon. First, a carrier gas (here, carbon dioxide) is dissolved in the sample by applying overpressure and stirring the sample. Second, the sample chamber is decompressed abruptly. Decompression leads to the formation of numerous carrier gas bubbles in the sample liquid. These bubbles assist the release of the dissolved analyte species from the liquid to the gas phase. The released analytes are immediately transferred to the atmospheric pressure chemical ionization interface of a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. The ionizable analyte species give rise to mass spectrometric signals in the time domain. Because the release of the analyte species occurs over short periods of time (a few seconds), the temporal signals have high amplitudes and high signal-to-noise ratios. The amplitudes and areas of the temporal peaks can then be correlated with concentrations of the analytes in the liquid samples subjected to fizzy extraction, which enables quantitative analysis. The advantages of fizzy extraction include: simplicity, speed, and limited use of chemicals (solvents).

Fizzy extraction is a new laboratory technique for analysis of volatile and semivolatile compounds. A carrier gas is dissolved in the liquid sample by applying overpressure and stirring the sample. The sample chamber is then decompressed. The analyte species are liberated to the gas phase due to effervescence.

Atmosferik Basınçlı Kimyasal İyonlaşma Kuvveti Kütle Spektrometresi ile Birleştirilen Uçucu Organik Bileşiklerin Özsu Çıkarma

Chemical analysis of volatile and semivolatile compounds dissolved in liquid samples can be challenging. The dissolved components need to be brought to ...

Aerosol-assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition of Metal Oxide Structures: Zinc Oxide Rods

Whilst columnar zinc oxide (ZnO) structures in the form of rods or wires have been synthesized previously by different liquid- or vapor-phase routes, their high cost production and/or incompatibility with microfabrication technologies, due to the use of pre-deposited catalyst-seeds and/or high processing temperatures exceeding 900 &#176;C, represent a drawback for a widespread use of these methods. Here, however, we report the synthesis of ZnO rods via a non-catalyzed vapor-solid mechanism enabled by using an aerosol-assisted chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method at 400 &#176;C with zinc chloride (ZnCl2) as the precursor and ethanol as the carrier solvent. This method provides both single-step formation of ZnO rods and the possibility of their direct integration with various substrate types, including silicon, silicon-based micromachined platforms, quartz, or high heat resistant polymers. This potentially facilitates the use of this method at a large-scale, due to its compatibility with state-of-the-art microfabrication processes for device manufacture. This report also describes the properties of these structures (e.g., morphology, crystalline phase, optical band gap, chemical composition, electrical resistance) and validates its gas sensing functionality towards carbon monoxide.

Columnar zinc oxide structures in the form of rods are synthesized via aerosol-assisted chemical vapor deposition without the use of pre-deposited catalyst-seed particles. This method is scalable and compatible with various substrates based on either silicon, quartz or polymers.

Aerosol destekli kimyasal Buhar biriktirme Metal Oksit yapıları: çinko oksit çubuklar

Whilst columnar zinc oxide (ZnO) structures in the form of rods or wires have been synthesized previously by different liquid- or vapor-phase routes, ...

High Resolution Physical Characterization of Single Metallic Nanoparticles

Individual molecules can be detected and characterized by measuring the degree by which they reduce the ionic current flowing through a single nanometer-scale pore. The signal is characteristic of the molecule&#39;s physicochemical properties and its interactions with the pore. We demonstrate that the nanopore formed by the bacterial protein exotoxin Staphylococcus aureus alpha hemolysin (&#945;HL) can detect polyoxometalates (POMs, anionic metal oxygen clusters), at the single molecule limit. Moreover, multiple degradation products of 12-phosphotungstic acid POM (PTA, H3PW12O40) in solution are simultaneously measured. The single molecule sensitivity of the nanopore method allows for POMs to be characterized at significantly lower concentrations than required for nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. This technique could serve as a new tool for chemists to study the molecular properties of polyoxometalates or other metallic clusters, to better understand POM synthetic processes, and possibly improve their yield. Hypothetically, the location of a given atom, or the rotation of a fragment in the molecule, and the metal oxidation state could be investigated with this method. In addition, this new technique has the advantage of allowing the real-time monitoring of molecules in solution.&#160;

Here, we present a protocol to detect discrete metal oxygen clusters, polyoxometalates (POMs), at the single molecule limit using a biological nanopore-based electronic platform. The method provides a complementary approach to traditional analytical chemistry tools used in the study of these molecules.

Tek metalik nanopartiküller yüksek çözünürlüklü fiziksel karakterizasyonu

Individual molecules can be detected and characterized by measuring the degree by which they reduce the ionic current flowing through a single ...

Isotopic Effect in Double Proton Transfer Process of Porphycene Investigated by Enhanced QM/MM Method

The single deuterium substitution in porphycene leads to an asymmetric molecular geometry, which may affect the double proton transfer process in the porphycene molecule. In this study, we applied an enhanced QM/MM method called SITS-QM/MM to investigate hydrogen/deuterium (H/D) isotope effects on the double proton transfer in porphycene. Distance changes in SITS-QM/MM molecular dynamics simulations suggested that the deuterium substituted porphycene adopted the stepwise double proton transfer mechanism. The structural analysis and the free energy shifts of double proton transfer process indicated that the asymmetric isotopic substitution subtly compressed the covalent hydrogen bonds and may alter the original transition state location.

A protocol that uses enhanced QM/MM method to investigate the isotopic effect on the double proton transfer process in porphycene is presented here.

Gelişmiş QM/MM yöntemi ile Incelenerek Porphycene çift proton transfer sürecinde izotopik etkisi

The single deuterium substitution in porphycene leads to an asymmetric molecular geometry, which may affect the double proton transfer process in the ...

Ultrafast Time-resolved Near-IR Stimulated Raman Measurements of Functional &#960;-conjugate Systems

Femtosecond time-resolved stimulated Raman spectroscopy is a promising method of observing the structural dynamics of short-lived transients with near infrared (near-IR) transitions, because it can overcome the low sensitivity of spontaneous Raman spectrometers in the near-IR region. Here, we describe technical details of a femtosecond time-resolved near-IR multiplex stimulated Raman spectrometer that we have recently developed. A description of signal generation and optimization, measurement, data acquisition, and calibration and correction of recorded data is provided as well. We present an application of our spectrometer to analyze the excited-state dynamics of &#946;-carotene in toluene solution. A C=C stretch band of &#946;-carotene in the second lowest excited singlet (S2) state and the lowest excited singlet (S1) state is clearly observed in the recorded time-resolved stimulated Raman spectra. The femtosecond time-resolved near-IR stimulated Raman spectrometer is applicable to the structural dynamics of &#960;-conjugate systems from simple molecules to complex materials.

Details of signal generation and optimization, measurement, data acquisition, and data handling for a femtosecond time-resolved near-IR stimulated Raman spectrometer are described. A near infrared stimulated Raman study on the excited-state dynamics of &#946;-carotene in toluene is shown as a representative application.

Ultrahızlı Zaman Çözümlü Yakın-IR Uyarılmış Raman Fonksiyonel π-konjuge Sistemlerinin Ölçümleri

Femtosecond time-resolved stimulated Raman spectroscopy is a promising method of observing the structural dynamics of short-lived transients with near ...

Sample Preparation in Quartz Crystal Microbalance Measurements of Protein Adsorption and Polymer Mechanics

In this study, we present various examples of how thin film preparation for quartz crystal microbalance experiments informs the appropriate modeling of the data and determines which properties of the film can be quantified. The quartz crystal microbalance offers a uniquely sensitive platform for measuring fine changes in mass and/or mechanical properties of an applied film by observing the changes in mechanical resonance of a quartz crystal oscillating at high frequency. The advantages of this approach include its experimental versatility, ability to study changes in properties over a wide range of experimental time lengths, and the use of small sample sizes. We demonstrate that, based on the thickness and shear modulus of the layer deposited on the sensor, we can acquire different information from the material. Here, this concept is specifically exploited to display experimental parameters resulting in mass and viscoelastic calculations of adsorbed collagen on gold and polyelectrolyte complexes during swelling as a function of salt concentration.

The quartz crystal microbalance can provide accurate mass and viscoelastic properties for films in the micron or submicron range, which is relevant for investigations in biomedical and environmental sensing, coatings, and polymer science. The sample thickness influences which information can be obtained from the material in contact with the sensor.

Protein Adsorpsiyon ve Polimer Mekaniğinin Kuvars Kristal Mikroterazi Ölçümlerinde Örnek Hazırlama

In this study, we present various examples of how thin film preparation for quartz crystal microbalance experiments informs the appropriate modeling of ...