Name: preparation and testing of plant seed meal-based wood adhesives
Uploaded: 2015-03-05T15:00:00.000+00:00
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Data reported in this work are part of the USDA-ARS National Program 306 Project 'Values-Added Products from Cottonseed' research supported by the Agency's in-house funding. Publication of this paper is supported in part by the Journal of Visualized Experiments. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. We acknowledge the constructive comments from JoVE science editor and peer reviewers in the review and revision process.

1.綿実油と大豆ミールベースの​​製品（図1） <ol><li>市販の供給源から、原材料、脱脂綿実油と大豆の食事を取得します。 </li><li> 0.5ミリメートルの鋼スクリーン16を通過させるようにサイクロンサンプルミルで固形脱脂食事を粉砕することにより作業の食事を取得します。 </li><li>食事21中の水溶性成分を分離する：水抽出（200ミリリットル水25グラムの食事）後に作業し、食事からの水で洗浄食事を準備。 </li><li>タンパク質はアルカリ抽出し、酸沈殿16で作業し、食事から隔離する準備します。 </li></ol>ウッド単板ストリップの調製<ol><li>ストリップ長い88.9ミリメートル、幅25.4ミリメートルに市販のソースから取得したカット木材ベニア（1.59ミリメートルの厚さ）。 </li><li>鉛筆は、各ストリップの一端から長さ25.4ミリメートル（1.0 &quot;）で木目を越え行をマーク適切にテストする治療法または数字でこれらのストリップにラベルを付け5。。 -10木材対は、各テストの変数が用意されている。 </li></ol>接着剤スラリーの調製<ol><li>適用率（ 例えば、4 mgの乾燥含有センチ-2）により、テスト用の木材標本ごとに必要な水洗浄し、食事の量を計算し、総接着面積（ 例えば、2.54 X 2.54センチメートル接合面積の90木材片の581センチメートル×2各）プラスenoughness約30％の追加（ すなわち、水の4×581のx 130％3g）を、例えば、食事をした。 </li><li>脱イオン水（3：25 w / w）の水で洗浄食事を混合し、パラフィルムで密封し、ビーカー中で2時間、磁気撹拌棒で撹拌する。 </li></ol>集成材試験片の4準備<ol><li> 25.4ミリメートル（1.0 &quot;）の長さをカバーする2木材ベニヤストリップの一端に接着剤スラリーを磨き空気乾燥10のために - 。15分または粘着性まで。 </li><li>再び第1層の上部と空気乾燥で接着剤スラリーの第二の層を磨く。乾燥した接着剤の量製剤が適用ボンディング1cm 2当たり乾燥固体約4.5mg、各木材片であるている。 </li><li> 2木材ベニヤストリップの粘着性の接着剤コーティングされた領域をオーバーラップ（25.4 X 25.4ミリメートルまたは1.0 &quot;×1.0&quot;）。 400 PSI（2.8メガパスカル）の圧力で20分間、100℃でベンチトップ加熱プレスを使用したホットプレス。圧力は木材サンプルの重なり面積で割っプレスによって加えられた力であることに注意してください。各試験の変数に必要に応じてこれらの接合のパラメータを変更してもよい。 </li><li>クール空調室や湿度制御（22の温度- 23℃、相対湿度50 - 60％; 図2）インキュベーター中で48時間集成試料を調整。 </li></ol> 5.水の抵抗実験<ol><li> （ - 23°C 22）、室温でプラスチックトレーで48時間水道水に、初期状態調節した後、結合した木材標本を浸し。浸漬後の湿った標本は、せん断のためにすぐにテストされている破断強度と湿潤強度として報告した。ベニヤの表面上の過剰の水は穏やかに測定前にティッシュペーパーで軽く叩くことにより除去することができる。 </li><li> 18 O / N（室内条件（60％ - - 23℃、相対湿度50 22の温度）で乾燥、次いで、4時間63ºCの水浴中で、最初のコンディショニングの後、結合した木材片の別のセットを浸し - 20時間）。 48時間の乾燥時間で一回浸漬乾燥サイクルを繰り返します。乾燥した試験片は、その後破断時のせん断強度について試験し、浸した接着強度として報告されている。 </li></ol> 6.ラップせん断強度の測定<ol><li> 7メガパスカルの把持圧力で材料試験機上の32×40ミリメートル耐つまとびグリッドウェッジグリップに結合した木材片を取り付け、そして分-1 1ミリメートルで、クロスヘッド速度を設定。 </li><li>各結合した木材標本のための破断時のせん断強度を測定し、記録します。複数の測定の結果は、各接着剤形のために平均化されるulationとテスト変数。 </li></ol>

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The authors have nothing to disclose.

本稿では、木材接着剤として植物種子ベースの製品を準備し、テストするための基本的な手順を提示します。このプロトコルでexampled接着剤スラリーは単に脱脂粕製品および水である。種々の接着剤配合物（例えば、ドデシル硫酸ナトリウム、亜硫酸水素ナトリウムまたはキリ油など）の試験試薬（例えば、pH、固体と水の比）混合条件で5,6,23および/ ​​または変更3,24を添?...

木材の接着は、森林製品産業の増加役割を果たしており、効率的な木材資源1を利用するための重要な要因である。木材のための天然物ベースの接着剤の使用への関心はこの期間の後、石油系接着剤の価格は、彼らがいくつかの伝統的な市場からのタンパク質接着剤を避難ほど低くなった。1960年2付近にピークに到達するために、1930年代から着実に増加した。過去20年間では、この傾向は、再生可能な生分解性、そしてより環境に許容される材料の使用における新たな関心が逆しています。これらの天然資源は、綿実タンパク質6、米ぬか7、小麦グルテン8、蒸留穀物タンパク質9、キャノーラタンパク質および油10-12、ソルガムからリグニン及びサトウキビバガス13が挙げられるが、これらに限定されるものではないが、大豆タンパク質3-5 、14、エビの殻15から導出多糖類。 &lt;p個のクラスは= &quot;jove_content&quot;&gt;種子タンパク質単離物は、広く潜在木材接着剤として評価されているのに対し、単離手順は、腐食アルカリ性および酸性の試薬 ​​を含み、それは、比較的高価少ない環境に優しい16の接着剤ベースを分離することができます。このように、治療の有無にかかわらず、いくつかの脱脂シードの食事（粉）も、タンパク質が17〜19を隔離するように、これらの食事の粘着特性が同様に機能しないにもかかわらず、接着剤の目的のためにテストされています。私たちは、順次異なる画分に綿実粕（CM）を分画し、接合木材ベニヤ20,21での接着強度を調べた。水不溶性固形分（以下、洗浄綿実粕、WCM）は綿実油タンパク質単離物（CSPI）に匹敵する、木材接着剤として使用することができ、CSPIも調製することが低コストになる。 接着強度および耐水性の性能を評価する2つの重要なパラメータである潜在的な接着材料。ここで、接着強さは、各木材片のラップ結合の破断時の剪断強度として報告される。接着剤の耐水性は、水浸漬の破断時の集成試料の重ね剪断強度の変化によって測定される。原料として脱脂綿実油と大豆の食事を使用して、このプロトコルは、木材接着剤として、テスト植物種子ベースの製品を製造するためのシンプルで簡単な方法を提供します。このプロトコルは、天然物ベースの木材接着剤の多くの経済的、環境に配慮した製剤を求める中で努力を促進する上で参考になる。

<table><tbody><tr><td>Defatted cottonseed meal</td><td>Kentwood Co-op</td><td></td><td>Kentwood, LA, USA</td></tr><tr><td>Defatted soy meal</td><td>Kentwood Co-op</td><td></td><td>Kentwood, LA, USA</td></tr><tr><td>Wood veneers</td><td>Certainly Wood, Inc.</td><td></td><td>East Aurora, NY, USA</td></tr><tr><td>Cyclone sample mill (model 3010-014)</td><td>UDY Corporation</td><td></td><td>Fort Collins, CO, USA</td></tr><tr><td>Benchtop heated press (model 3856)</td><td>Carver, Inc.</td><td></td><td>Wabash, IN, USA</td></tr><tr><td>Materials tester</td><td>Zwick GmbH &amp;amp; Co.</td><td></td><td>Ulm, Germany</td></tr></tbody></table>

preparation and testing of plant seed meal-based wood adhesives

これらの植物原料を再生可能な、環境に優しいと考えられているように最近では、木材接着剤などの植物種子ミールベースの​​製品への関心が着実に増加している。これらの天然物は、環境持続可能性の懸念を緩和するために、石油系接着剤の代替物として機能することができる。この作品は、原料として綿実油および大豆ミールを用いて植物種子ベースの木材接着剤の準備とテストを示しています。未処理の食事に加えて、水は食事を洗浄し、タンパク質単離物を調製し、試験する。接着剤スラリーを2時間（w / wの3時25）、脱イオン水で凍結乾燥ミール製品を混合することによって調製される。各貼付製剤は、ブラシを使用して2木材ベニアストリップの一端に印加される。粘着性の接着剤は、木材ベニヤストリップはホットプレスによってラップと接着されているの領域を被覆した。接着強度は、破断時の接合木材片のせん断強度として報告されている。接着剤の耐水性により測定される集成材のせん断強度の変化は、水浸漬後にブレークで標本。このプロトコルは1つが、合成ベースの木材接着剤の置換のための適切な候補として植物種子ベースの農産物を評価することができます。または添加剤や接着条件なしの接着剤配合の調整は、様々な実用的なアプリケーションのために彼らの接着特性を最適化することができます。

各接着剤配合物の性能は、破断時の接合木材片のせん断強度によって決定された値が使用される木材単板の寸法に応じて変化する。で推奨綿実油-2のより厚い、より広いストリップとは対照的に、例えば、 表1に、接合試験片の乾燥および浸漬し、接着強度の値は、（綿実油-1を参照）より薄く、狭いメープルストリップを使用する場合に低い同じ綿実油系接着剤製剤を使用して?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Preparation and Testing of Plant Seed Meal-based Wood Adhesives at JoVE.com

Preparation and Testing of Plant Seed Meal-based Wood Adhesives

To facilitate the effort in seeking more economic and environment-friendly formulations of natural product-based wood adhesives, this work demonstrates the preparation and testing of plant seed-based wood adhesives. This protocol allows one to assess plant seed-based agricultural products as suitable candidates for the substitution of synthetic-based wood adhesives.

植物種子ミールベースの​​木材接着剤の調製および試験

Recently, the interest in plant seed meal-based products as wood adhesives has steadily increased, as these plant raw materials are considered renewable ...

preparation-and-testing-of-plant-seed-meal-based-wood-adhesives

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8.7K ビュー.  United States Department of Agriculture. To facilitate the effort in seeking more economic and environment-friendly formulations of natural product-based wood adhesives, this work demonstrates the preparation and testing of plant seed-based wood adhesives. This protocol allows one to assess plant seed-based agricultural products as suitable candidates for the substitution of synthetic-based wood adhesives.

ビデオ: Preparation and Testing of Plant Seed Meal-based Wood Adhesives

High-throughput Screening of Recalcitrance Variations in Lignocellulosic Biomass: Total Lignin, Lignin Monomers, and Enzymatic Sugar Release

The conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to fuels, chemicals, and other commodities has been explored as one possible pathway toward reductions in the use of non-renewable energy sources. In order to identify which plants, out of a diverse pool, have the desired chemical traits for downstream applications, attributes, such as cellulose and lignin content, or monomeric sugar release following an enzymatic saccharification, must be compared. The experimental and data analysis protocols of the standard methods of analysis can be time-consuming, thereby limiting the number of samples that can be measured. High-throughput (HTP) methods alleviate the shortcomings of the standard methods, and permit the rapid screening of available samples to isolate those possessing the desired traits. This study illustrates the HTP sugar release and pyrolysis-molecular beam mass spectrometry pipelines employed at the National Renewable Energy Lab. These pipelines have enabled the efficient assessment of thousands of plants while decreasing experimental time and costs through reductions in labor and consumables.

Plant cell wall structure and chemistry traits are evaluated to identify ideal feedstocks for biofuels and bio-materials. Standard methods have limitations when applied to large data sets. These high-throughput pretreatment, enzyme saccharification, and pyrolysis-molecular beam mass spectrometry methods compare large numbers of biomass samples with decreased experimental time and cost.

リグノセルロース系バイオマス中の反抗バリエーションのハイスループットスクリーニング：総リグニン、リグニンモノマー、および酵素シュガーリリース

The conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to fuels, chemicals, and other commodities has been explored as one possible pathway toward reductions in the ...

環境学

Method to Produce Durable Pellets at Lower Energy Consumption Using High Moisture Corn Stover and a Corn Starch Binder in a Flat Die Pellet Mill

A major challenge in the production of pellets is the high cost associated with drying biomass from 30 to 10% (w.b.) moisture content. At Idaho National Laboratory, a high-moisture pelleting process was developed to reduce the drying cost. In this process the biomass pellets are produced at higher feedstock moisture contents than conventional methods, and the high moisture pellets produced are further dried in energy efficient dryers. This process helps to reduce the feedstock moisture content by about 5-10% during pelleting, which is mainly due to frictional heat developed in the die. The objective of this research was to explore how binder addition influences the pellet quality and energy consumption of the high-moisture pelleting process in a flat die pellet mill. In the present study, raw corn stover was pelleted at moistures of 33, 36, and 39% (w.b.) by addition of 0, 2, and 4% pure corn starch. The partially dried pellets produced were further dried in a laboratory oven at 70 &#176;C for 3-4 hr to lower the pellet moisture to less than 9% (w.b.). The high moisture and dried pellets were evaluated for their physical properties, such as bulk density and durability. The results indicated that increasing the binder percentage to 4% improved pellet durability and reduced the specific energy consumption by 20-40% compared to pellets with no binder. At higher binder addition (4%), the reduction in feedstock moisture during pelleting was &#60;4%, whereas the reduction was about 7-8% without the binder. With 4% binder and 33% (w.b.) feedstock moisture content, the bulk density and durability values observed of the dried pellets were &#62;510 kg/m3 and &#62;98%, respectively, and the percent fine particles generated was&#160;reduced to &#60;3%.

In this study, a protocol was developed to produce good quality pellets using a flat die pellet mill at reduced specific energy consumption testing high-moisture corn stover and a starch based binder. The results indicated that adding a corn starch binder improved the pellet durability, reduced percent fines and decreased specific energy consumption.

フラットダイペレットミルで高水分トウモロコシ茎葉及びコーンスターチバインダーを使用した低電力消費で耐久性に優れたペレットを製造するための方法

A major challenge in the production of pellets is the high cost associated with drying biomass from 30 to 10% (w.b.) moisture content. At Idaho National ...

Lignin Down-regulation of Zea mays via dsRNAi and Klason Lignin Analysis

To facilitate the use of lignocellulosic biomass as an alternative bioenergy resource, during biological conversion processes, a pretreatment step is needed to open up the structure of the plant cell wall, increasing the accessibility of the cell wall carbohydrates. Lignin, a polyphenolic material present in many cell wall types, is known to be a significant hindrance to enzyme access. Reduction in lignin content to a level that does not interfere with the structural integrity and defense system of the plant might be a valuable step to reduce the costs of bioethanol production. In this study, we have genetically down-regulated one of the lignin biosynthesis-related genes, cinnamoyl-CoA reductase (ZmCCR1) via a double stranded RNA interference technique. The ZmCCR1_RNAi construct was integrated into the maize genome using the particle bombardment method. Transgenic maize plants grew normally as compared to the wild-type control plants without interfering with biomass growth or defense mechanisms, with the exception of displaying of brown-coloration in transgenic plants leaf mid-ribs, husks, and stems. The microscopic analyses, in conjunction with the histological assay, revealed that the leaf sclerenchyma fibers were thinned but the structure and size of other major vascular system components was not altered. The lignin content in the transgenic maize was reduced by 7-8.7%, the crystalline cellulose content was increased in response to lignin reduction, and hemicelluloses remained unchanged. The analyses may indicate that carbon flow might have been shifted from lignin biosynthesis to cellulose biosynthesis. This article delineates the procedures used to down-regulate the lignin content in maize via RNAi technology, and the cell wall compositional analyses used to verify the effect of the modifications on the cell wall structure.

Lignin Down-regulation of Zea mays via dsRNAi and Klason Lignin Analysis

A double stranded RNA interference (dsRNAi) technique is employed to down-regulate the maize cinnamoyl coenzyme A reductase (ZmCCR1) gene to lower plant lignin content. Lignin down-regulation from the cell wall is visualized by microscopic analyses and quantified by the Klason method. Compositional changes in hemicellulose and crystalline cellulose are analyzed.

のリグニンダウンレギュレーション<em&gt;トウモロコシ</em&gt; dsRNAiとクラソンリグニン分析によって

To facilitate the use of lignocellulosic biomass as an alternative bioenergy resource, during biological conversion processes, a pretreatment step is ...

生物工学

Rapid Testing of Resistance of Timber to Biodegradation by Marine Wood-Boring Crustaceans

Wood-boring invertebrates rapidly destroy marine timbers and wooden coastal infrastructure, causing billions of dollars of damage around the globe every year. As treatments of wood with broad spectrum biocides, such as creosote and chromated copper arsenate (CCA), are now restricted in marine use by legislation, naturally durable timber species and novel preservation methods of wood are required. These methods undergo testing in order to meet regulatory standards, such as the European standard for testing wood preservatives against marine borers, EN 275. Initial investigation of durable timbers species or wood preservative treatments can be achieved quickly and inexpensively through laboratory testing, which offers many advantages over marine field trials that are typically costly, long-term endeavours. Many species of Limnoria (gribble) are marine wood-boring crustaceans. Limnoria are ideal for use in laboratory testing of biodegradation of wood by marine wood-borers, due to the practicality of rearing them in aquaria and the ease of measuring their feeding rates on wood. Herein, we outline a standardizable laboratory test for assessing wood biodegradation using gribble.

This protocol presents a method for assessing the feeding rate of the wood-boring crustacean, Limnoria, by measuring faecal pellet production. This method is designed for use in non-specialist labs and has potential for incorporation into standard testing protocols, to evaluate enhanced wood durability under marine conditions.

海洋木材ボーリング甲殻類による生分解に対する木材の耐性の迅速な試験

Wood-boring invertebrates rapidly destroy marine timbers and wooden coastal infrastructure, causing billions of dollars of damage around the globe every ...

Extraction of Lignin with High &#946;-O-4 Content by Mild Ethanol Extraction and Its Effect on the Depolymerization Yield

Lignin valorization strategies are a key factor for achieving more economically competitive biorefineries based on lignocellulosic biomass. Most of the emerging elegant procedures to obtain specific aromatic products rely on the lignin substrate having a high content of the readily cleavable &#946;-O-4 linkage as present in the native lignin structure. This provides a miss-match with typical technical lignins that are highly degraded and therefore are low in &#946;-O-4 linkages. Therefore, the extraction yields, and the quality of the obtained lignin are of utmost importance to access new lignin valorization pathways. In this manuscript, a simple protocol is presented to obtain lignins with high &#946;-O-4 content by relatively mild ethanol extraction that can be applied to different lignocellulose sources. Furthermore, analysis procedures to determine the quality of the lignins are presented together with a depolymerization protocol that yields specific phenolic 2-arylmethyl-1,3-dioxolanes, which can be used to evaluate the obtained lignins. The presented results demonstrate the link between lignin quality and potential for the lignins to be depolymerized into specific monomeric aromatic chemicals. Overall, the extraction and depolymerization demonstrates a trade-off between the lignin extraction yield and the retention of the native aryl-ether structure and thus the potential of the lignin to be used as the substrate for the production of chemicals for higher-value applications.

Here, we present a protocol to perform ethanol extraction of lignin from several biomass sources. The effect of the extraction conditions on the lignin yield and &#946;-O-4 content are presented. Selective depolymerization is performed on the obtained lignins to obtain high aromatic monomer products.

高 β-O-4 コンテンツによるリグニンの抽出軽度エタノール抽出と脱重合の収量に及ぼす影響

Lignin valorization strategies are a key factor for achieving more economically competitive biorefineries based on lignocellulosic biomass. Most of the ...

化学

Fabrication and Design of Wood-Based High-Performance Composites

Delignified densified wood is a new promising and sustainable material that possesses the potential to replace synthetic materials, such as glass fiber reinforced composites, due to its excellent mechanical properties. Delignified wood, however, is rather fragile in a wet state, which makes handling and shaping challenging. Here we present two fabrication processes, closed-mold densification and vacuum densification, to produce high-performance cellulose composites based on delignified wood, including an assessment of their advantages and limitations. Further, we suggest strategies for how the composites can be re-used or decomposed at the end-of-life cycle. Closed-mold densification has the advantage that no elaborate lab equipment is needed. Simple screw clamps or a press can be used for densification. We recommend this method for small parts with simple geometries and large radii of curvature. Vacuum densification in an open-mold process is suitable for larger objects and complex geometries, including small radii of curvature. Compared to the closed-mold process, the open-mold vacuum approach only needs the manufacture of a single mold cavity.

Delignified densified wood represents a new promising lightweight, high-performance and bio-based material with great potential to partially substitute natural fiber reinforced- or glass fiber reinforced composites in the future. We here present two versatile fabrication routes and demonstrate the possibility to create complex composite parts.

木材ベースの高性能複合材料の製造と設計

Delignified densified wood is a new promising and sustainable material that possesses the potential to replace synthetic materials, such as glass fiber ...

工学

Evaluation of the Curing of Adhesive Systems by Rheological and Thermal Testing

The analysis of thermal processes associated to the curing of adhesives and the study of mechanical behavior once cured, provide key information to choose the best option for any specific application. The proposed methodology for the curing characterization, based on thermal analysis and rheology, is described through the comparison of three commercial adhesives. The experimental techniques used here are Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Rheology. TGA provides information about the thermal stability and filler content, DSC allows the evaluation of some thermal events associated to the cure reaction and to thermal changes of the cured material when subjected to temperature changes. Rheology complements the information of the thermal transformations from a mechanical point of view. Thus, the curing reaction can be tracked through the elastic modulus (mainly the storage modulus), the phase angle and the gap. In addition, it is also shown that although DSC is of no use to study the curing of moisture curable adhesives, it is a very convenient method to evaluate the low temperature glass transition of amorphous systems.

An experimental methodology based on thermal and rheological measurements is proposed to characterize the curing process of adhesives with to obtain useful information for industrial adhesive selection.

レオロジー・サーマルテストによる接着系の硬化評価

The analysis of thermal processes associated to the curing of adhesives and the study of mechanical behavior once cured, provide key information to choose ...

Comprehensive Compositional Analysis of Plant Cell Walls (Lignocellulosic biomass) Part I: Lignin

The need for renewable, carbon neutral, and sustainable raw materials for industry and society has become one of the most pressing issues for the 21st century. This has rekindled interest in the use of plant products as industrial raw materials for the production of liquid fuels for transportation1 and other products such as biocomposite materials7. Plant biomass remains one of the greatest untapped reserves on the planet4. It is mostly comprised of cell walls that are composed of energy rich polymers including cellulose, various hemicelluloses (matrix polysaccharides, and the polyphenol lignin6 and thus sometimes termed lignocellulosics. However, plant cell walls have evolved to be recalcitrant to degradation as walls provide tensile strength to cells and the entire plants, ward off pathogens, and allow water to be transported throughout the plant; in the case of trees up to more the 100 m above ground level. Due to the various functions of walls, there is an immense structural diversity within the walls of different plant species and cell types within a single plant4. Hence, depending of what crop species, crop variety, or plant tissue is used for a biorefinery, the processing steps for depolymerization by chemical/enzymatic processes and subsequent fermentation of the various sugars to liquid biofuels need to be adjusted and optimized. This fact underpins the need for a thorough characterization of plant biomass feedstocks. Here we describe a comprehensive analytical methodology that enables the determination of the composition of lignocellulosics and is amenable to a medium to high-throughput analysis. In this first part we focus on the analysis of the polyphenol lignin (Figure 1). The method starts of with preparing destarched cell wall material. The resulting lignocellulosics are then split up to determine its lignin content by acetylbromide solubilization3, and its lignin composition in terms of its syringyl, guaiacyl- and p-hydroxyphenyl units5. The protocol for analyzing the carbohydrates in lignocellulosic biomass including cellulose content and matrix polysaccharide composition is discussed in Part II2.

Comprehensive Compositional Analysis of Plant Cell Walls Lignocellulosic biomass Part I: Lignin

Plant biomass is a major carbon-neutral renewable resource that could be used for the production of biofuels. Plant biomass consists mainly of cell walls, a structurally complex composite material termed lignocellulosics. Here we describe a protocol for a comprehensive analysis of the content and composition of the polyphenolic lignin.

植物細胞壁の包括的な組成分析（リグノセルロース系バイオマス）パートI：リグニン

The need for renewable, carbon neutral, and sustainable raw materials for industry and society has become one of the most pressing issues for the 21st ...

生物学

Twin-Screw Extrusion Process to Produce Renewable Fiberboards

A versatile twin-screw extrusion process to provide an efficient thermo-mechano-chemical pre-treatment on lignocellulosic biomass before using it as source of mechanical reinforcement in fully bio-based fiberboards was developed. Various lignocellulosic crop by-products have already been successfully pre-treated through this process, e.g., cereal straws (especially rice), coriander straw, shives from oleaginous flax straw, and bark of both amaranth and sunflower stems.
The extrusion process results in a marked increase in the average fiber aspect ratio, leading to improved mechanical properties of fiberboards. The twin-screw extruder can also be fitted with a filtration module at the end of the barrel. The continuous extraction of various chemicals (e.g., free sugars, hemicelluloses, volatiles from essential oil fractions, etc.) from the lignocellulosic substrate, and the fiber refining can, therefore, be performed simultaneously.
The extruder can also be used for its mixing ability: a natural binder (e.g., Organosolv lignins, protein-based oilcakes, starch, etc.) can be added to the refined fibers at the end of the screw profile. The obtained premix is ready to be molded through hot pressing, with the natural binder contributing to fiberboard cohesion. Such a combined process in a single extruder pass improves the production time, production cost, and may lead to reduction in plant production size. Because all the operations are performed in a single step, fiber morphology is better preserved, thanks to a reduced residence time of the material inside the extruder, resulting in enhanced material performances. Such one-step extrusion operation may be at the origin of a valuable industrial process intensification.
Compared to commercial wood-based materials, these fully bio-based fiberboards do not emit any formaldehyde, and they could find various applications, e.g., intermediate containers, furniture, domestic flooring, shelving, general construction, etc.

A versatile twin-screw extrusion process to provide an efficient thermo-mechano-chemical pretreatment on lignocellulosic biomass was developed, which leads to an increased average fiber aspect ratio. A natural binder can also be added continuously after fiber refining, leading to bio-based fiberboards with improved mechanical properties after hot pressing of the obtained extruded material.

再生可能なファイバーボードを製造する二軸押出プロセス

A versatile twin-screw extrusion process to provide an efficient thermo-mechano-chemical pre-treatment on lignocellulosic biomass before using it as ...

Standard Test Method ASTM D 7998-19 for the Cohesive Strength Development of Wood Adhesives

The properties of cured wood adhesives are difficult to study because of the loss of water and other components to the wood, the influence of wood on the adhesive cure, and the effect of adhesive penetration on the wood interphase; thus, normal testing of a neat adhesive film is generally not useful. Most tests of wood adhesive bond strength are slow, laborious, can be strongly influenced by the wood and do not provide information on the kinetics of cure. Test method ASTM D 7998-19, however, can be used for fast evaluation of the strength of wood bonds. The use of a smooth, uniform, and strong wood surface, like maple face-veneer, and sufficient bonding pressure reduces the adhesion and wood strength effects on bond strength. This method has three main applications. The first is to provide consistent data on bond strength development. The second is to measure the dry and wet strengths of bonded lap shear samples. The third is to better understand the adhesive heat resistance by quickly evaluating thermal sensitivity and distinguishing between thermal softening and thermal degradation.

We present a procedure, ASTM D7998-19, for a rapid and more consistent evaluation of both dry and wet strength of adhesive bonds on wood. The method can also be used to provide information on strength development as a function of temperature and time or strength retention up to 250 &#176;C.

木材接着剤の凝集力開発のための標準試験方法ASTM D 7998-19

The properties of cured wood adhesives are difficult to study because of the loss of water and other components to the wood, the influence of wood on the ...

植物種子ミールベースの木材接着剤の調製および試験

要約

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この動画の章

リグノセルロース系バイオマス中の反抗バリエーションのハイスループットスクリーニング：総リグニン、リグニンモノマー、および酵素シュガーリリース

フラットダイペレットミルで高水分トウモロコシ茎葉及びコーンスターチバインダーを使用した低電力消費で耐久性に優れたペレットを製造するための方法

のリグニンダウンレギュレーション

海洋木材ボーリング甲殻類による生分解に対する木材の耐性の迅速な試験

高 β-O-4 コンテンツによるリグニンの抽出軽度エタノール抽出と脱重合の収量に及ぼす影響

木材ベースの高性能複合材料の製造と設計

レオロジー・サーマルテストによる接着系の硬化評価

植物細胞壁の包括的な組成分析（リグノセルロース系バイオマス）パートI：リグニン

再生可能なファイバーボードを製造する二軸押出プロセス

木材接着剤の凝集力開発のための標準試験方法ASTM D 7998-19

植物種子ミールベースの​​木材接着剤の調製および試験

要約

さらに動画を探す

この動画の章

リグノセルロース系バイオマス中の反抗バリエーションのハイスループットスクリーニング：総リグニン、リグニンモノマー、および酵素シュガーリリース

フラットダイペレットミルで高水分トウモロコシ茎葉及びコーンスターチバインダーを使用した低電力消費で耐久性に優れたペレットを製造するための方法

のリグニンダウンレギュレーション

海洋木材ボーリング甲殻類による生分解に対する木材の耐性の迅速な試験

高 β-O-4 コンテンツによるリグニンの抽出軽度エタノール抽出と脱重合の収量に及ぼす影響

木材ベースの高性能複合材料の製造と設計

レオロジー・サーマルテストによる接着系の硬化評価

植物細胞壁の包括的な組成分析（リグノセルロース系バイオマス）パートI：リグニン

再生可能なファイバーボードを製造する二軸押出プロセス

木材接着剤の凝集力開発のための標準試験方法ASTM D 7998-19

植物種子ミールベースの木材接着剤の調製および試験