Name: knowledge based cloud fe simulation of sheet metal forming processes
Uploaded: 2016-12-13T12:30:00.000+00:00
Duration: 11 min 5 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Knowledge Based Cloud FE Simulation of Sheet Metal Forming Processes at JoVE.com

The financial support from Innovate UK, Ultra-light Car Bodies (UlCab, reference 101568) and Make it lighter, with less (LightBlank, reference 131818) are gratefully acknowledged. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union's Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement No. 604240, project title 'An industrial system enabling the use of a patented, lab-proven materials processing technology for Low Cost forming of Lightweight structures for transportation industries (LoCoLite)'. Significant support was also received from the AVIC Centre for Structural Design and Manufacture at Imperial College London, which is funded by Aviation Industry Corporation of China (AVIC).

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The authors have nothing to disclose.

KBC-FEシミュレーション技術は、専用のモジュールを使用してサイトをオフに実施する高度なシミュレーションを可能にします。これは、そのプロセスのシミュレーションは、可能な限り正確に行われていることを確認するために、異なる専門分野からノードをリンクアップ、クラウド環境上の機能モジュールを、実行することができます。 KBC-FEシミュレーションにおける重要な側面は、機能モジュールのFEコードの独立性、計算効率、精度を含むことができます。モジュール内の各高度な機能の実現は、新しいモデルおよび/または新たな実験技術の開発に依存しているだろう。例えば、成形限界モジュールは、新しい統一成形限界予測モデル11、及び摩擦工具寿命予測モジュールに基づいて開発され、現在のインタラクティブ摩擦モデル20の実装によって開発されました。 KBC-FEシミュレーション技術はまた、 すなわち 、選択を満たす要素だけを選択的に計算する機能を提供しています基準は、個々のモジュールのさらなる評価のために選択されています。例えば、工具寿命予測モジュールが自動的にハードコーティングが破壊する傾向があるために要素を選択し、サイクルを形成する第1のすべての要素の摩耗率をランク付けすることにより、このように通常の要素の1％未満をさらにために選択されますマルチサイクル負荷条件の下で工具寿命の評価。本研究では、300サイクル後の成形工具寿命予測は、5分以内に完了することができます。 関連する試験を実施し、それに応じて較正することによって、成形限界モデルは、結果的に成功し、ネッキングのない発生率を有するような合金から部品を製造するための最適なパラメータを決定するプロセスのシミュレーションを構成に適用することができます。成形限界予測モデルが利用されているFEソフトウェアの独立したクラウド・モジュールとして開発され、中の材料の成形性を評価するために、任意のFEソフトウェアに適用することができます複雑なサブルーチン17なしで形成します。モデルに関連するデータをインポートすることで、計算は、ユーザが、計算資源の節約、指定することができる成分の領域に、障害が発生するかどうかを決定するために行うことができました。しかし、応力 - ひずみ曲線は、単純なルックアップテーブルを介してFEソフトウェアに入力されるように、完全にシミュレーション中に種々の温度及び歪み速度での材料特性を表現することが困難であり得ることに留意すべきです。 工具寿命予測モジュールでは、成形時の摩擦挙動を検証摩擦部20に必要な変形履歴データをインポートし、そして再びFEソフトウェアに各要素のクラウド・モジュールによって計算離散データ点をインポートすることによって予測することができます。これは高度な摩擦・モジュールは、ユーザサブルーチンを取り込む能力に関係なく、すべてのFEコードによって使用され得ることを保証します。また、モッズULEはさらに、計算時間を短縮するために並行して実行することができます。インタラクティブな摩擦/摩耗モデルは、摺動初期の間に摩耗粒子が存在しないことを想定し、その結果、摩擦係数0.17 20の一定の初期値を予想するのが妥当であろう。このモデルは、摩擦分布の変化を明らかにしているが、成形工程の間の摩擦挙動は非常に複雑であり、完全にFEシミュレーションにクラウド・モジュールから複合摩擦挙動を統合することは困難です。 将来の技術として、KBC-FEシミュレーションは、ソフトウェア開発者によって確立されるように収益性の高い、しかし全く異なるビジネスモデルを必要とする専用の堅牢なインターネットベースのFEシミュレーションソフトウェアパッケージの開発、に依存しています。また、専用の内部ネットワークは、データのセキュリティと産業システムの制御の信頼性を確保するために共同の当事者の中構築する必要があります。 </P&gt;

Finite Element (FE) simulations have become a powerful tool for optimizing process parameters in the metal forming industry. The reliability of FE simulation results is dependent on the accuracy of the material definition, input in the form of flow stress data or constitutive equations, and the assignment of the boundary conditions, such as the friction coefficient and the heat transfer coefficient. In the past few years, advanced FE simulations have been developed via the implementation of user-defined subroutines, which have significantly broadened the capability of FE software.
The use of such advanced FE simulations in the design of forming processes for structural components has been investigated by both the aviation and automotive industries, with the intention of producing lightweight structures that reduces operating costs and CO2 emissions. Particular focus has been placed on the replacement of steel components with lower density materials, such as aluminum alloys and magnesium alloys. However, these alloys, especially the stronger variants, offer limited formability at room temperature and thus complex-shaped components cannot be manufactured using the conventional cold stamping process. Therefore, advanced high temperature forming technologies, such as warm aluminum forming 1-4, hot stamping of aluminum alloys 5-9 and hot stamping of high strength steels 10, have been developed over the past decades to enable complex-shaped components to be formed. In general, high temperature forming processes involve significant temperature variations, strain rate and loading path changes 11, which would, for instance, cause inevitable viscoplastic and loading history dependent responses from the work piece materials. These are intrinsic features of high temperature forming processes and may be difficult to represent using conventional FE simulation techniques. Another desirable feature would be the ability to predict the tool life over multiple forming cycles in such processes, since they require low friction characteristics achieved through coatings that degrade with each forming operation. To represent all these features via the implementation of user-defined subroutines would be computationally very expensive. Moreover, the development and implementation of multiple subroutines would require excessive multi-disciplinary knowledge from an engineer conducting the simulations.
In the present work, a novel Knowledge Based Cloud FE (KBC-FE) simulation technique is proposed, based on the application of modules on a cloud computing environment, that enables an efficient and effective method of modeling advanced forming features in conjunction with conventional FE simulations. In this technique, data from the FE software is processed at each cloud module, and then imported back into the FE software in the relevant consistent format, for further processing and analysis. The development of these modules and their implementation in the KBC-FE is detailed.

<table><tbody><tr><td>AA6082-T6</td><td>AMAG</td><td></td><td>Material</td></tr><tr><td>AA5754-H111</td><td>AMAG</td><td></td><td>Material</td></tr><tr><td>1,000 kN high-speed press</td><td>ESH</td><td></td><td>Forming press</td></tr><tr><td>ARGUS</td><td>GOM</td><td></td><td>Optical forming analysis</td></tr><tr><td>PAM-STAMP 2015</td><td>ESI</td><td></td><td>FE simulation software</td></tr><tr><td>Matlab</td><td>MathWorks</td><td></td><td>Numerical calculation software</td></tr><tr><td>Gleeble 3800</td><td>DSI</td><td></td><td>Uniaxial tensile test</td></tr><tr><td>High Temperature Tribometer (THT)</td><td>Anton Paar</td><td></td><td>Friction property test</td></tr><tr><td>NewViewTM 7100</td><td>ZYGO</td><td></td><td>Surface profilometer</td></tr><tr><td>Magnetron sputtering equipment</td><td></td><td></td><td>Coating deposition</td></tr><tr><td>Microhardness tester</td><td>Wolpert Wilson Instruments</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Nano-hardness indenter&amp;nbsp;</td><td>MTS</td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

knowledge based cloud fe simulation of sheet metal forming processes

The use of Finite Element (FE) simulation software to adequately predict the outcome of sheet metal forming processes is crucial to enhancing the efficiency and lowering the development time of such processes, whilst reducing costs involved in trial-and-error prototyping. Recent focus on the substitution of steel components with aluminum alloy alternatives in the automotive and aerospace sectors has increased the need to simulate the forming behavior of such alloys for ever more complex component geometries. However these alloys, and in particular their high strength variants, exhibit limited formability at room temperature, and high temperature manufacturing technologies have been developed to form them. Consequently, advanced constitutive models are required to reflect the associated temperature and strain rate effects. Simulating such behavior is computationally very expensive using conventional FE simulation techniques.
This paper presents a novel Knowledge Based Cloud FE (KBC-FE) simulation technique that combines advanced material and friction models with conventional FE simulations in an efficient manner thus enhancing the capability of commercial simulation software packages. The application of these methods is demonstrated through two example case studies, namely: the prediction of a material's forming limit under hot stamping conditions, and the tool life prediction under multi-cycle loading conditions.

ネッキング予測のためのKBC-FEシミュレーション ホットスタンピングプロセスでは、形状最適化されたブランクの使用は、材料費を節約するだけでなく、このような、ネッキング割れ、およびしわなどの欠陥の存在を減らすのに役立つだけでなく。初期ブランク形状は成形時に大幅に材料の流れに影響を及ぼし、ひいてはブランク形状の賢明なデザインは、最終製品のホットスタンピングプロセスと品質の成功に不可欠です。最適なブランク形状を決定するために試行錯誤実験の努力を低減するために、KBC-FEシミュレーションネッキングと領域を最小化するための非常に効率的かつ効果的な方法であることが証明されました。予測ネッキング並列クラウドモジュール計算は4時間以内に完了している間、この技術を用いて、各シミュレーションは、約2時間かかります。 図4は、自動車のドア内部成分の例として、ホットスタンプに使用されるブランク形状の進化を示しています。従来の冷間プレス法から採用した初期ブランク形状は、第一のKBC-FEシミュレーションに使用しました。 図4の実験結果は、（a）は、大規模な障害が（亀裂又はネッキング）領域がホットスタンピング後に表示されていることを示しています。ブランク形状最適化の反復の後、最初のブランク形状を使用することに比べて、ほぼ完全に成功したパネルは、はるかに少ないネッキングが形成されていること（b）は図4に見ることができます。右上のパネルの左コーナーでポケットにネッキングの兆候がまだ存在することがわかります。 図4（c）の中で更なる最適化した後、最適化されたブランクの形状は、最終的には、パネル上の目に見えるネッキングが得られました。 KBC-FEシミュレーションによって決定される最適化されたブランクの形状はホットスタンピングを通じて実験的に検証しました試験は、生産システムのメーカーが提供する完全に自動化生産ラインで実施しました。 工具寿命予測のためのKBC-FEシミュレーション 金属成形プロセスの従来のFEシミュレーションは、単一サイクルのために行われています。ただし、本番環境では、複数の成形サイクルは、形成サイクル数の増加は、形成された構成要素間の増加変化をもたらすことが見出されている所与のツールで実行されます。マルチサイクルツールローディング中、この変形は、表面形状の変化の結果です。例えば、機能性コーティングとツールを形成するマルチサイクル負荷は、磨耗によるコーティングの厚さの減少につながります。また、塗膜の絶縁破壊もKBC-FE技術が可能にするなど 、スピードを形成する、そのような負荷/圧力などのパラメータを形成することによって影響を受けます高度な機能性コーティングを有する成形工具のインサービス寿命予測のために不可欠であるマルチサイクル負荷条件の下でプロセスを構成する板金のシミュレーション。 工具寿命のブランク保持力、5、20、および50 kNのブランク保持力値の影響を調べる250 mm /秒の一定の成膜速度を調べました。 図5は、300サイクルを形成した後に別の空白の保持力を持つ残りの工具コーティング厚分布を示しています。これは明らかに、残りの被覆厚さが空白の保持力の増加に伴って減少することを示しています。 図6は、300サイクルを形成した後、金型の曲線の距離に沿って、それぞれ、圧力および5の空白の保持力で、残りの膜厚分布を示している20、および50 kNの。地域以来ABは、ダイ耳鼻咽喉科を表し、U字曲げ加工時のランスの領域は、圧力と、この領域の相対摩耗距離は、ダイの他の領域よりもはるかに高かったです。その結果、コーティングの摩耗は主にこの地域で発生しました。 20 kNのでコーティング厚さの減少の2ピーク値と圧力の下に2つのピークに対応50 kNのがあります。一方、残りのコーティングの厚さは、空白の保持力の増加に伴って減少します。最初のコーティングの厚さは2.1ミクロンであった場合に5、20、および50 kNののしわ押さえ力と最低の残りのコーティング厚さは、それぞれ、0.905、0.570、及び0.403ミクロンでした。 <img alt="図1" src="/files/ftp_upload/53957/53957fig1.jpg" /> 図1： 実験と異なる温度で制限株を形成する予測との比較。成形限界株250 [mm]の一定速度で、温度が上昇するにつれて増加します/秒、または同等に、6.26秒-1の歪み速度。 <a href="https://www.jove.com/files/ftp_upload/53957/53957fig1large.jpg" target="_blank">この図の拡大版をご覧になるにはこちらをクリックしてください。</a> <img alt="図2" src="/files/ftp_upload/53957/53957fig2.jpg" /> 図2： シートメタル成形プロセスの知識ベースのクラウドFEシミュレーションのための模式図。商業FEシミュレーションソフトウェアは、シミュレーションを実行し、個々のモジュールに必要な結果をエクスポートするために使用されます。モジュールなど 、 例えば 、成形性、熱移動、成形後強度（微細構造）、工具寿命予測、ツール設計は、従ってFEシミュレーションに複数のソースからエッジ知識を切断の統合を可能にする、クラウドで同時にかつ独立して動作します。 <a href="https://www.jove.com/files/ftp_upload/53957/53957fig2large.jpg" target="_blank">CLください</a>この図の拡大版を表示するには、こちらICK。 <img alt="図3" src="/files/ftp_upload/53957/53957fig3.jpg" /> 図3：U 字曲げシミュレーションのためのワークやツールのジオメトリ。ツール、 すなわち、ブランクホルダーをパンチ及びダイは、剛性要素を用いてモデル化されています。シェル要素は、ワークピース（ブランク）の要素のために使用されます。 <a href="https://www.jove.com/files/ftp_upload/53957/53957fig3large.jpg" target="_blank">この図の拡大版をご覧になるにはこちらをクリックしてください。</a> <img alt="図4" src="/files/ftp_upload/53957/53957fig4.jpg" /> 図4：（FE シミュレーションに表示されます）ドアインナーパネルのホットスタンピングのためのブランク形状の進化。左： 緑の枠内の数字は空白の各最適化段階での形状、および赤でものを表しますフレームは、その最適化前のブランク形状に対応します。右：各最適化段階での予測結果をネッキング。 （a）は大失敗いくつかは、最適化の最初の段階の後にネッキングと（クラッキング/赤色で示しネッキング）、（b）の削減、障害、目に見えるネッキングと（c）の最終的な最適化されたブランク形状の最初の結果を。 <a href="https://www.jove.com/files/ftp_upload/53957/53957fig4large.jpg" target="_blank">この図の拡大版をご覧になるにはこちらをクリックしてください。</a> <img alt="図5" src="/files/ftp_upload/53957/53957fig5.jpg" /> 図5のブランク保持力で残りの膜厚分布（FEシミュレーションで表示）：（A）5 kNの、（B）20 kNの、および（c）50 kNの、300は250の一定のプレス速度でサイクルを形成した後ミリ/秒。 <a href="https://www.jove.com/files/ftp_upload/53957/53957fig5large.jpg" target="_blank">お願いします</a>この図の拡大版をご覧になるにはこちらをクリックしてください。 <img alt="図6" src="/files/ftp_upload/53957/53957fig6.jpg" /> 図6：接触圧力の予測との空白の保持力で、残りのコーティング厚さ：（a）は5 kNの、（b）は20 kNの、および（c）50 kNの、250の一定のスタンピング速度で金型の曲線の距離に沿ってミリ/秒。 <a href="https://www.jove.com/files/ftp_upload/53957/53957fig6large.jpg" target="_blank">この図の拡大版をご覧になるにはこちらをクリックしてください。</a>

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Knowledge Based Cloud FE Simulation of Sheet Metal Forming Processes at JoVE.com

Knowledge Based Cloud FE Simulation of Sheet Metal Forming Processes

The following paper presents a novel FE simulation technique (KBC-FE), which reduces computational cost by performing simulations on a cloud computing environment, through the application of individual modules. Moreover, it establishes a seamless collaborative network between world leading scientists, enabling the integration of cutting edge knowledge modules into FE simulations.

シートメタル成形プロセスの知識ベースのクラウドFEシミュレーション

The use of Finite Element (FE) simulation software to adequately predict the outcome of sheet metal forming processes is crucial to enhancing the ...

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12.1K ビュー.  Imperial College London. The following paper presents a novel FE simulation technique (KBC-FE), which reduces computational cost by performing simulations on a cloud computing environment, through the application of individual modules. Moreover, it establishes a seamless collaborative network between world leading scientists, enabling the integration of cutting edge knowledge modules into FE simulations.

ビデオ: Knowledge Based Cloud FE Simulation of Sheet Metal Forming Processes

Indirect Fabrication of Lattice Metals with Thin Sections Using Centrifugal Casting

One of the typical methods to manufacture 3D lattice metals is the direct-metal additive manufacturing (AM) process such as Selective Laser Melting (SLM) and Electron Beam Melting (EBM). In spite of its potential processing capability, the direct AM method has several disadvantages such as high cost, poor surface finish of final products, limitation in material selection, high thermal stress, and anisotropic properties of parts. We propose a cost-effective method to manufacture 3D lattice metals. The objective of this study is to provide a detailed protocol on fabrication of 3D lattice metals having a complex shape and a thin wall thickness; e.g., octet truss made of Al and Cu alloys having a unit cell length of 5 mm and a cell wall thickness of 0.5 mm. An overall experimental procedure is divided into eight sections: (a) 3D printing of sacrificial patterns (b) melt-out of support materials (c) removal of residue of support materials (d) pattern assembly (e) investment (f) burn-out of sacrificial patterns (g) centrifugal casting (h) post-processing for final products. The suggested indirect AM technique provides the potential to manufacture ultra-lightweight lattice metals; e.g., lattice structures with Al alloys. It appears that the process parameters should be properly controlled depending on materials and lattice geometry, observing the final products of octet truss metals by the indirect AM technique.

An indirect additive manufacturing method combining a 3D printing of polymers with a centrifugal casting is outlined for manufacturing 3D octet truss metals (Al and Cu alloys) having a unit cell length of 5 mm with a wall thickness of 0.5 mm.

遠心鋳造を使用した薄い部分との格子金属の間接製作

One of the typical methods to manufacture 3D lattice metals is the direct-metal additive manufacturing (AM) process such as Selective Laser Melting (SLM) ...

工学

Experimental Methods for Investigation of Shape Memory Based Elastocaloric Cooling Processes and Model Validation

Shape Memory Alloys (SMA) using elastocaloric cooling processes have the potential to be an environmentally friendly alternative to the conventional vapor compression based cooling process. Nickel-Titanium (Ni-Ti) based alloy systems, especially, show large elastocaloric effects. Furthermore, exhibit large latent heats which is a necessary material property for the development of an efficient solid-state based cooling process. A scientific test rig has been designed to investigate these processes and the elastocaloric effects in SMAs. The realized test rig enables independent control of an SMA&#39;s mechanical loading and unloading cycles, as well as conductive heat transfer between SMA cooling elements and a heat source/sink. The test rig is equipped with a comprehensive monitoring system capable of synchronized measurements of mechanical and thermal parameters. In addition to determining the process-dependent mechanical work, the system also enables measurement of thermal caloric aspects of the elastocaloric cooling effect through use of a high-performance infrared camera. This combination is of particular interest, because it allows illustrations of localization and rate effects &#8212; both important for efficient heat transfer from the medium to be cooled.
The work presented describes an experimental method to identify elastocaloric material properties in different materials and sample geometries. Furthermore, the test rig is used to investigate different cooling process variations. The introduced analysis methods enable a differentiated consideration of material, process and related boundary condition influences on the process efficiency. The comparison of the experimental data with the simulation results (of a thermomechanically coupled finite element model) allows for better understanding of the underlying physics of the elastocaloric effect. In addition, the experimental results, as well as the findings based on the simulation results, are used to improve the material properties.

Experimental methods for investigation of solid state cooling processes and characterization of elastocaloric material properties of Shape Memory Alloys (SMA) are presented. A custom-built test rig has been designed for controlling and comprehensive monitoring of elastocaloric cooling processes. Furthermore, it provides a validation platform for thermomechanically coupled modeling approaches.

形状記憶基づきElastocaloric冷却プロセスの調査とモデル検証のための実験方法

Shape Memory Alloys (SMA) using elastocaloric cooling processes have the potential to be an environmentally friendly alternative to the conventional vapor ...

Experimental Procedure for Warm Spinning of Cast Aluminum Components

High performance, cast aluminum automotive wheels are increasingly being incrementally formed via flow forming/metal spinning at elevated temperatures to improve material properties. With a wide array of processing parameters which can affect both the shape attained and resulting material properties, this type of processing is notoriously difficult to commission. A simplified, light-duty version of the process has been designed and implemented for full-size automotive wheels. The apparatus is intended to assist in understanding the deformation mechanisms and the material response to this type of processing. An experimental protocol has been developed to prepare for, and subsequently perform forming trials and is described for as-cast A356 wheel blanks. The thermal profile attained, along with instrumentation details are provided. Similitude with full-scale forming operations which impart significantly more deformation at faster rates is discussed.

An experimental protocol for instrumented warm rotary forming of cast aluminum alloys employing a bespoke industrially scaled apparatus is presented. Experimental considerations including thermal and mechanical effects are discussed, as well as similitude with full-scale processing of automotive wheels.

キャストアルミ部品の暖かいスピニングのための実験手順

High performance, cast aluminum automotive wheels are increasingly being incrementally formed via flow forming/metal spinning at elevated temperatures to ...

A Novel Biaxial Testing Apparatus for the Determination of Forming Limit under Hot Stamping Conditions

The hot stamping and cold die quenching process is increasingly used to form complex shaped structural components of sheet metals. Conventional experimental approaches, such as out-of-plane and in-plane tests, are not applicable to the determination of forming limits when heating and rapid cooling processes are introduced prior to forming for tests conducted under hot stamping conditions. A novel in-plane biaxial testing system was designed and used for the determination of forming limits of sheet metals at various strain paths, temperatures, and strain rates after heating and cooling processes in a resistance heating uniaxial testing machine. The core part of the biaxial testing system is a biaxial apparatus, which transfers a uniaxial force provided by the uniaxial testing machine to a biaxial force. One type of cruciform specimen was designed and verified for the formability test of aluminum alloy 6082 using the proposed biaxial testing system. The digital image correlation (DIC) system with a high-speed camera was used for taking strain measurements of a specimen during a deformation. The aim of proposing this biaxial testing system is to enable the forming limits of an alloy to be determined at various temperatures and strain rates under hot stamping conditions.

This protocol proposes a novel biaxial testing system used on a resistance heating uniaxial tensile test machine in order to determine the forming limit diagram (FLD) of sheet metals under hot stamping conditions.

ホットスタンプの条件の下で成形限界の決意のための新しい二軸試験機

The hot stamping and cold die quenching process is increasingly used to form complex shaped structural components of sheet metals. Conventional ...

A Coupled Experiment-finite Element Modeling Methodology for Assessing High Strain Rate Mechanical Response of Soft Biomaterials

This study offers a combined experimental and finite element (FE) simulation approach for examining the mechanical behavior of soft biomaterials (e.g. brain, liver, tendon, fat, etc.) when exposed to high strain rates. This study utilized a Split-Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) to generate strain rates of 100-1,500 sec-1. The SHPB employed a striker bar consisting of a viscoelastic material (polycarbonate). A sample of the biomaterial was obtained shortly postmortem and prepared for SHPB testing. The specimen was interposed between the incident and transmitted bars, and the pneumatic components of the SHPB were activated to drive the striker bar toward the incident bar. The resulting impact generated a compressive stress wave (i.e. incident wave) that traveled through the incident bar. When the compressive stress wave reached the end of the incident bar, a portion continued forward through the sample and transmitted bar (i.e. transmitted wave) while another portion reversed through the incident bar as a tensile wave (i.e. reflected wave). These waves were measured using strain gages mounted on the incident and transmitted bars. The true stress-strain behavior of the sample was determined from equations based on wave propagation and dynamic force equilibrium. The experimental stress-strain response was three dimensional in nature because the specimen bulged. As such, the hydrostatic stress (first invariant) was used to generate the stress-strain response. In order to extract the uniaxial (one-dimensional) mechanical response of the tissue, an iterative coupled optimization was performed using experimental results and Finite Element Analysis (FEA), which contained an Internal State Variable (ISV) material model used for the tissue. The ISV material model used in the FE simulations of the experimental setup was iteratively calibrated (i.e. optimized) to the experimental data such that the experiment and FEA strain gage values and first invariant of stresses were in good agreement.

The current study prescribes a coupled experiment-finite element simulation methodology to obtain the uniaxial dynamic mechanical response of soft biomaterials (brain, liver, tendon, fat, etc.). The multiaxial experimental results that arose because of specimen bulging obtained from Split-Hopkinson Pressure Bar testing were rendered to a uniaxial true stress-strain behavior when simulated through iterative optimization of the finite element analysis of the biomaterial.

ソフトバイオマテリアルの高ひずみ速度機械的応答を評価するための結合実験、有限要素モデリング手法

This study offers a combined experimental and finite element (FE) simulation approach for examining the mechanical behavior of soft biomaterials (e.g. ...

生物工学

Structural Design and Manufacturing of a Cruiser Class Solar Vehicle

Cruisers are multi-occupant solar vehicles that are conceived to compete in long-range (over 3,000 km) solar races based on the best compromise between the energy consumption and the payload. They must comply to the race&#39;s rules regarding the overall dimensions, the solar panel size, functionality, and safety and structural requirements, while the shape, the materials, the powertrain, and the mechanics are considered at the discretion of the designer. In this work, the most relevant aspects of the structural design process of a full-carbon fiber-reinforced plastic solar vehicle are detailed. In particular, the protocols used for the design of the lamination sequence of the chassis, the leaf springs structural analysis, and the crash test numerical simulation of the vehicle, including the safety cage, are described. The complexity of the design methodology of fiber-reinforced composite structures is compensated by the possibility of tailoring their mechanical characteristics and optimizing the overall weight of the car.

In this work, several aspects related to the structural design process of a full-carbon fiber-reinforced plastic solar vehicle are detailed, focusing on the monocoque chassis, the leaf springs, and the vehicle as a whole during a crash test.

巡洋艦の構造設計・製作クラスのソーラーカー

Cruisers are multi-occupant solar vehicles that are conceived to compete in long-range (over 3,000 km) solar races based on the best compromise between ...

Finite Element Modeling for the Simulation of the Quasi-Static Compression of Corrugated Tapered Tubes

In this study, the quasi-static compression performance of tapered tubes was investigated using finite element simulations. Previous studies have shown that a thickness gradient can reduce the initial peak force and that lateral corrugation can increase the energy absorption performance. Therefore, two kinds of lateral corrugated tapered tubes with variable thicknesses were designed, and their deformation patterns, load displacement curves, and energy absorption performance were analyzed. The results showed that when the thickness variation factor (k) was 0.9, 1.2, and 1.5, the deformation mode of the single corrugated tapered tube (ST) changed from transverse expansion and contraction to axial progressive folding. In addition, the thickness gradient design improved the energy absorption performance of the ST. The energy absorption (EA) and specific energy absorption (SEA) of the model with k = 1.5 increased by 53.6% and 52.4%, respectively, compared with the ST model with k = 0. The EA and SEA of the double corrugated tapered tube (DT) increased by 373% and 95.7%, respectively, compared with the conical tube. The increase in the k value resulted in a significant decrease in the peak crushing force of the tubes and an increase in the crushing force efficiency.

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>コルゲートテーパーチューブの準静的圧縮のシミュレーションのための有限要素モデリング

This protocol describes the study of the quasi-static compression performance of corrugated tapered tubes using finite element simulations. The influence of the thickness gradient on the compression performance was investigated. The results show that proper thickness gradient design can change the deformation mode and significantly improve the energy absorption performance of the tubes.

コルゲートテーパーチューブの準静的圧縮のシミュレーションのための有限要素モデリング

In this study, the quasi-static compression performance of tapered tubes was investigated using finite element simulations. Previous studies have shown ...

A Virtual Simulation Experiment of Mechanics: Material Deformation and Failure Based on Scanning Electron Microscopy

This work presents a set of comprehensive virtual experiments to detect material deformation and failure. The most commonly used pieces of equipment in mechanics and material disciplines, such as a metallographic cutting machine and a high-temperature universal creep testing machine, are integrated into a web-based system to provide different experimental services to users in an immersive and interactive learning environment. The protocol in this work is divided into five subsections, namely, the preparation of the materials, molding the specimen, specimen characterization, specimen loading, nanoindenter installation, and SEM in situ experiments, and this protocol aims to provide an opportunity for users regarding the recognition of different equipment and the corresponding operations, as well as the enhancement of laboratory awareness, etc., using a virtual simulation approach. To provide clear guidance for the experiment, the system highlights the equipment/specimen to be used in the next step and marks the pathway that leads to the equipment with a conspicuous arrow. To mimic the hands-on experiment as closely as possible, we designed and developed a three-dimensional laboratory room, equipment, operations, and experimental procedures. Moreover, the virtual system also considers interactive exercises and registration before using chemicals during the experiment. Incorrect operations are also allowed, resulting in a warning message informing the user. The system can provide interactive and visualized experiments to users at different levels.

This work presents a three-dimensional virtual simulation experiment for material deformation and failure that provides visualized experimental processes. Through a set of experiments, users can become familiar with the equipment and learn the operations in an immersive and interactive learning environment.

走査型電子顕微鏡による力学の仮想シミュレーション実験:材料の変形と破壊

This work presents a set of comprehensive virtual experiments to detect material deformation and failure. The most commonly used pieces of equipment in ...

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>RMU温度上昇問題を調査するための包括的なアプローチ

Comparative Study of Simulation of Temperature Rise in Ring Main Unit

The Ring Main Unit (RMU) is a critical device in power distribution systems used for connecting and distributing electricity. However, due to its compact internal structure and high current load, heat dissipation issues are particularly prominent. To address this problem, this study innovatively proposes a simplified RMU model, employing finite element simulation methods to accurately solve for the ohmic losses of conductors under actual operating conditions and obtain ohmic loss data for various components. This is the first in-depth investigation of the RMU's temperature rise problem using such a comprehensive approach. Subsequently, the temperature field was solved using two different temperature field analysis modules, with a detailed comparison and analysis of the simulation results to identify similarities, differences, and trends in temperature distribution. The results indicate that the temperature field solution model, which considers convective heat transfer, is more accurate and aligns with actual operating conditions. This research provides an innovative approach and practical solutions for the design and optimization of RMUs. Future research can further explore multiphysics coupling analysis methods to address structural design and mandatory validation issues for high and ultra-high voltage RMUs and other electrical equipment, thereby providing important insights for engineering design.

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>著者スポットライト:リング本体装置の温度上昇のシミュレーションと解析

This paper addresses the temperature rise problem of the ring main unit by establishing a simplified model and conducting a comparative analysis in two temperature field-solving modules.

リング本体の温度上昇シミュレーションの比較検討

The Ring Main Unit (RMU) is a critical device in power distribution systems used for connecting and distributing electricity. However, due to its compact ...

シートメタル成形プロセスの知識ベースのクラウドFEシミュレーション

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遠心鋳造を使用した薄い部分との格子金属の間接製作

形状記憶基づきElastocaloric冷却プロセスの調査とモデル検証のための実験方法

キャストアルミ部品の暖かいスピニングのための実験手順

ホットスタンプの条件の下で成形限界の決意のための新しい二軸試験機

ソフトバイオマテリアルの高ひずみ速度機械的応答を評価するための結合実験、有限要素モデリング手法

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