我々 は、マウスに助けを感染と国立成功大学の研究所動物センターからの支援へのチー ・ チャン陳 Chi Mei 医療センター (台湾・台南) 医学研究科を認めます。この作品は科学の大臣によってサポートされ技術 (ほとんど) が CC に (最も 104-2321-B-006-019、105-2321-B-006-011、and106-2321-B-006-005) を付与します。

注意: EHEC o157: h7 はバイオ セーフティ レベル 2 (BSL-2) センター疾病管理・予防 (CDC) のバイオ セーフティの命令 (https://www.cdc.gov/) によると病原体。したがって、EHEC を含むすべての実験手順は、BSL 2 施設で実行する必要があります。実験の実行中の白衣、手袋を着用してください。公認バイオ キャビネット (BSC) で動作します。70% のエタノールの実験の手順の前後には、実験ベンチを消毒します。すべての楽器や機器の接触 (または可能性のある連絡先) EHEC が 70% エタノールや漂白剤で消毒すること。汚染された (または汚染された可能性のある) 廃棄物は密封され、オートクレーブを慎重にする必要があります。必要に応じてマスク、目の保護、手袋や、スーツを着用します。6 週齢の c57bl/6 女性マウスが購入し、研究所動物センターの国立チェン イェーテボリ大学) で維持します。動物実験は動物介護機関と使用 NCKU 委員会 (承認番号 104-039) によって承認されました。
1. Bioluciferase ラベル EHEC 菌生成
<ol><li>ミックス 50 ng デオキシリボ核酸 (DNA)、1 μ L 各 10 μ M の前方ゾーンおよび逆引きプライマー、2 μ L 2.5 mM 弱まり (dNTPs)、2 μ L バッファー、0.2 μ L の DNA ポリメラーゼ、および増幅する 20 μ L の最終巻に滅菌ダブル蒸留水 (ddH2O) × 10、反カナマイシン カセット、 nptII遺伝子24。DNA のテンプレートは、pBSL18024, 国立ナショナルバイオ リソース プロジェクト (NBRP) から購入されるからです。PCR の状態は、表 1に示すが、プライマー シーケンステーブル 2で利用可能です。</li>
	<li>キットに続く商業クローニング ベクトルに PCR の製品を縛るプロトコル (材料の表を参照してください)。</li>
	<li>NsiIおよびSmaIでクローニング ベクトルからnptII遺伝子のフラグメントを消費税し、pBBR1MCS4 は、カナマイシン耐性プラスミドを作成する pAKlux29 NsiIとScaIで消化されてのクローンを作成pWF27813。</li>
	<li>プラスミド9、 SpeI-HFとScaIとクローンでの pAKlux2 を表現するルシフェラーゼluxCDABEオペロンを消費税SpeI HFおよびSmaIにカナマイシンを生成する pWF278 を消化耐性とルシフェラーゼ発現プラスミド pWF27913。 注: プラスミド抽出と摘出フラグメント精製、使用商業プラスミド抽出とゲル抽出キットそれぞれ。酵素の消化力の 100 ng の DNA、1 μ L の 10 x バッファー、各選択した制限酵素および滅菌 ddH2O 10 μ L の総ボリュームの 1 μ L を混合し、2.5-3 h の 37 ° C で孵化させなさい。</li>
	<li>4 ms の 2,500 V の電気穿孔法による pWF279 プラスミドを大腸菌o157: h7 EDL933 有能なセルに変換します。</li>
	<li>1 h の 37 ° C で 1 mL ルリア ベルターニカミラ (LB) 培地で変換された細菌の細胞を孵化させなさい。</li>
	<li>16-18 時間 37 ° c カナマイシンの 50 μ g/mL を添加した LB 寒天培地プレート上の細菌をプレートします。</li>
	<li>は、生体内イメージング マシン次の日プレートの発光信号を確認してください。プレートから単一コロニーをピックアップし、3 mL 16 18 h の 37 ° C で 50 μ g/mL カナマイシンを添加した LB の文化します。</li>
	<li>希釈することによって細菌のストック メディアの準備滅菌 ddH2O 30% グリセロールの解決をするために 100% グリセリン。</li>
	<li>凍結カナマイシン耐性-80 ° C で細菌文化と 30% グリセロールの解決の 1:1 の比率としてスクリュー キャップ クリオバイアルで細菌の在庫としてルシフェラーゼ プラスミドをかくまっているエシェリヒア属大腸菌o157: h7 EDL933 細菌グリセロールの最終濃度は 15% です。</li>
</ol>2. 発光 EHEC 菌経口接種に備えて
注: EHEC の作製とマウス経口実験プロシージャのタイムラインのフローチャートは図 1実験準備を支援するために提示されます。
<ol><li>ストリークエシェリヒア属大腸菌o157: h7 EDL933 細菌-80 ° C 株式からの 50 μ g/mL カナマイシンと LB 寒天培地プレート上にルシフェラーゼ プラスミドをかくまっています。37 ° C で 16-18 h のバクテリアします。</li>
	<li>一晩プレートと 220 rpm で 37 ° C のインキュベーターで 16-18 h の 50 μ g/mL カナマイシンを 3 mL の LB 培地での培養から単一コロニーを拾います。</li>
	<li>サブカルチャー流体培養基 LB の 200 rpm で 37 ° C の定温器で 2.5-3 時間を含んでいる (1: 100 希釈) カナマイシン (50 μ g/mL) に細菌。(追加 2 mL 一晩培養カナマイシン (50 μ g/mL) に 200 mL の LB 培菌など)。</li>
	<li>2.5-3 h の細菌をインキュベートし、600 光学密度値を測定値まで nm (外径600) は、0.9 に 1 間。細菌の細胞数は約 108コロニー形成単位 (CFU) の密度で/mL。</li>
	<li>遠心分離機の 4 ° C、30 分間 8,000 x g で再培養細菌</li>
	<li>細菌のペレットを撹拌せず上澄みを廃棄し、穏やかな攪拌で 100 mL 0.9% 滅菌生理食塩水入りの餌を洗浄します。</li>
	<li>2.5 および 2.6 の手順をもう一度繰り返します。</li>
	<li>その後、4 ° C、30 分間 8,000 の x g で細菌培養を遠心し、そっと上澄みを廃棄します。</li>
	<li>コンデンセート ペレットに 100 0.9% 滅菌生理食塩水入りに。例えば、200 mL の細菌は、遠心分離された場合、は、食塩水 2 mL 通常ペレットを中断するを追加します。</li>
	<li>10 倍連続希釈25まで集中して細菌をメッキすることによって (にすべき約 109 CFU/100 μ 凝縮後食塩) する CFU の菌を確認します。</li>
</ol>3. マウス経口 EHEC の
<ol><li>24 h のためのストレプトマイシン水 (5 g/L) と 6 週齢女性 c57bl/6 マウスを扱います。</li>
	<li>24 h 後強制経口投与の前にさらに 24 時間の定期的な飲料水に切り替えます。24 時間定期的に水で治療、マウス経口 EHEC のため準備が整います。</li>
	<li>100 μ L EHEC 菌で注射器を入力するには、プランジャーを手前に引きます。シリンジ内に気泡がないことを確認します。注射器の指をスナップすることによって泡を削除します。</li>
	<li>動物を慎重に持ち上げ、ケアとケージの上に置きます。</li>
	<li>慎重に、尾をマウスをつかみ、動物がケージの上部のグリップし離れて移動ましょう。</li>
	<li>そっと親指と人差し指の移動からマウスの頭を防ぐために動物の前後首のたるんだ皮膚をつかんでマウスを抑制します。</li>
	<li>強制経口投与の針を挿入し、マウスの頭は固定化と垂直に垂直にマウスを保持します。</li>
	<li>口の屋根に続くマウスの口に強制経口投与の針を挿入し、食道、胃へ移動します。</li>
	<li>挿入した針が半分またはマウスの 3 分の 2 の長さの約 10 の9 CFU セルを含む 100 μ L EHEC 菌を注入します。</li>
</ol>4. 可視化
<ol><li>経口投与後 1 ~ 2 日で発光信号を検出します。</li>
	<li>動物の発光信号を調べる前に 1.5 L/分の酸素と 2.5% イソフルランの商工会議所にそれらを置くことによってそれらを麻酔します。</li>
	<li>すべてのマウスになる無意識との移動を停止するまで、2-5 分を待ちます。動物は、体内の発光検出のため準備ができています。</li>
	<li>検出し、は、生体内イメージング システム動物の発光信号をイメージします。ソフトウェアの操作のセクション 5「データ取得」を参照してください。イメージング プロセス中にすべての動物が 1.5 L/分の酸素と 2.5% イソフルランの継続的な供給の下で。<ol>
<li>ファイルをクリックして > ライブ、および手動でマウスに焦点を当てます。</li>
		<li>露出時間とレーザーの強度を選択します。</li>
		<li>集録をクリック > をキャプチャします。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>Ex vivoイメージング、頚部転位によってマウスを安楽死させるし、感染マウスの小腸全体を削除します。生体内イメージング システム 9 cm シャーレとイメージで腸を配置します。設定は、生体内イメージング以外 A/B としてビューのフィールドを設定と同じ詳細については、セクション 5「データ取得」を参照してください。 注: 頚部転位方法: 動物がケージをグリップできるように片方の手で尻尾をつかんでケージの上にマウスを抑制します。頭蓋底にマーカー ペンまたは親指と首の背部に対してもう一方の手の最初の指を置きます。すぐに頭を抑制しながら手や物体を進めて、尾を持っている手と後方を引き出します。 呼吸の阻止とハートビートがない確認を念入りにチェックします。</li>
</ol>5. データ集録
注: データ集録に使用するソフトウェアは、材料表に表示されます。
<ol><li>画像を取得する (図 2) ソフトウェアの取得コントロール パネルを開きます。</li>
	<li>選択「発光」「写真」と「オーバーレイ」。</li>
	<li>「自動」と露出時間をを設定します。「中」としてビニング設定します。</li>
	<li>発光と 8 の 1 として ƒ/ストップの設定は写真のため。CCD 検出器によって光量受けた ƒ/停止を制御します。</li>
	<li>画像取得に関心のあるフィールドに基づいてビューのフィールドを設定します。オプション"D"は、5 6 週齢マウスに合うし、すべて一度にそれらをイメージできます。"C"は、1 つのフィールドに 3 つの 6 週齢のマウスを映すことができます。</li>
	<li>マウス/サンプルは画像の準備ができましたら、画像の獲得のため「取得」をクリックします。</li>
	<li>取得したイメージ データを開きます。</li>
	<li>ツール パレット パネル (図 3) を開きます。</li>
	<li>ROI ツールを選択します。画像 (図 4) の発光領域の範囲に円 (最も左のもの) をお勧めします。</li>
	<li>(図 3) 表面の発光強度を測定する「測定ロア」(鉛筆のアイコン) をクリックします。ROI 測定パネルと定量値 (図 5) が表示されます。</li>
	<li>ROI 測定パネルの左上隅の値/必要な情報 (図 6) を選択し、それ以外の場合このデータ テーブルをエクスポートして .csv ファイル (図 5) として保存する「エクスポート」をクリックして計測器の構成を使用します。</li>
	<li>.Csv ファイルの発光強度の定量化として「全光束 (p/s)"列の値を使用します。</li>
</ol>

<ol>
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J., Gur-Arie, L., Rosenshine, I., Finlay, B. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+vitro+and+in+vivo+model+systems+for+studying+enteropathogenic+Escherichia+coli+infections.">In vitro and in vivo model systems for studying enteropathogenic Escherichia coli infections.</a> Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 3 (3), a009977 (2013).</li><li>Ritchie, J. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Animal+Models+of+Enterohemorrhagic+Escherichia+coli+Infection.">Animal Models of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli Infection.</a> Microbiol Spectr. 2 (4), EHEC-0022-2013 (2014).</li><li>Chou, T. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Enterohaemorrhagic+Escherichia+coli+O157:H7+Shiga-like+toxin+1+is+required+for+full+pathogenicity+and+activation+of+the+p38+mitogen-activated+protein+kinase+pathway+in+Caenorhabditis+elegans.">Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 Shiga-like toxin 1 is required for full pathogenicity and activation of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in Caenorhabditis elegans.</a> Cell Microbiol. 15 (1), 82-97 (2013).</li><li>Alexeyev, M. F., Shokolenko, I. 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Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Improved+green+fluorescence.">Improved green fluorescence.</a> Nature. 373 (6516), 663-664 (1995).</li><li>Weissleder, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+clearer+vision+for+in+vivo+imaging.">A clearer vision for in vivo imaging.</a> Nat Biotechnol. 19 (4), 316-317 (2001).</li><li>Frangioni, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+vivo+near-infrared+fluorescence+imaging.">In vivo near-infrared fluorescence imaging.</a> Current Opinion in Chemical Biology. 7 (5), 626-634 (2003).</li><li>Collins, J. W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Citrobacter+rodentium:+infection,+inflammation+and+the+microbiota.">Citrobacter rodentium: infection, inflammation and the microbiota.</a> Nat Rev Microbiol. 12 (9), 612-623 (2014).</li><li>Mallick, E. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+novel+murine+infection+model+for+Shiga+toxin-producing+Escherichia+coli.">A novel murine infection model for Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli.</a> J Clin Invest. 122 (11), 4012-4024 (2012).</li><li>Petty, N. K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+Citrobacter+rodentium+genome+sequence+reveals+convergent+evolution+with+human+pathogenic+Escherichia+coli.">The Citrobacter rodentium genome sequence reveals convergent evolution with human pathogenic Escherichia coli.</a> J Bacteriol. 192 (2), 525-538 (2010).</li><li>Kovach, M. E., Elzer, P. H., Hill, D. S., Robertson , G. T., Farris, M. A., Roop, R. M., Peterson, K. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Four+new+derivatives+of+the+broad-host-range+cloning+vector+pBBR1MCS,+carrying+different+antibiotic-resistance+cassettes.">Four new derivatives of the broad-host-range cloning vector pBBR1MCS, carrying different antibiotic-resistance cassettes.</a> Gene. 166 (1), 175-176 (1995).</li><li>Galen, J. E., Nair, J., Wang , J. Y., Wasserman, S. S., Tanner, M. K., Sztein , M. B., Levine, M. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Optimization+of+Plasmid+Maintenance+in+the+Attenuated+Live+Vector+Vaccine+Strain+Salmonella+typhiCVD+908-htrA.">Optimization of Plasmid Maintenance in the Attenuated Live Vector Vaccine Strain Salmonella typhiCVD 908-htrA.</a> Infect Immun. 67 (12), 6424-6433 (1999).</li><li>Francis, K. 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著者が明らかに何もありません。

それは、ホストまたは8,・11,・12生体内で遺伝子発現の局在を調べる EHEC ルシフェラーゼ プラスミドで形質転換が利用されていることが報告されています。ここに示すマウスモデルは、EHEC の植民地化のタイミングとローカリゼーションのマウス ホスト8検出に報告されています。それにもかかわら...

EHEC o157: h7 は、汚染された水や食品を介しても急性腎障害4フス3HS2下痢1を引き起こす病原体です。出血性大腸菌病原性 enterobacterium で、人間1の消化管に定着します。EHEC は最初ホストの腸の粘膜上皮に付着するとき、彼らは、アタッチを誘導してその後を強制する (A ・ E) 病変を卑下分子注射器として機能するタイプ III 分泌システム (T3SS) を介して宿主細胞に植民地化の要因を注入します。接着 (植民地化) の5。A/E 病変形成に関与する遺伝子、上皮細胞卑下 (イ) 病原性島5の軌跡によってエンコードされます。
生物発光は光生成の化学反応、どちらのルシフェラーゼの可視光6を生成するその基質ルシフェリンを触媒します。この酵素プロセスよく酸素またはアデノシン三リン酸 (ATP)6の存在が必要です。生物発光イメージング (結合)、生きている動物7で、研究者の可視化およびホスト病原体の相互作用の量子化ことができます。バリは、発光細菌を次に移行し、さまざまな組織7に侵入すると、生きている動物の細菌感染症のサイクルを特徴付けることができます。これは、感染症の動的な進行を明らかにします。さらに、動物の細菌の負荷は、発光信号8; に関連します。したがって、それは単純で直接的な方法で実験動物の病理学の条件を推定するための便利なインジケーターです。
ここで使用されるプラスミドには、ルシフェラーゼ オペロン、 luxCDABE、菌Photorhabdus luminescens独自のルシフェラーゼ基板7,9をエンコードするからであるが含まれています。細菌にこのルシフェラーゼ発現プラスミドを変換することによって植民地化および伝染のプロセスは生きている動物のこれらの発光細菌を観察することによって監視できます。全体的にみて、バリとバクテリアの生物発光ラベルは、細菌数と場所、細菌性抗生物質/療法の治療と感染症/植民地6,における細菌の遺伝子発現を監視する研究者を許可します。7. 感染症の感染サイクルや遺伝子発現を調べるluxCDABEオペロンを発現する多くの病原性細菌が報告されています。尿路大腸菌10EHEC8,11,12,13, 急性胃腸炎起因を含むこれらの細菌エシェリヒア属大腸菌(EPEC)8,シトロバクター属囓14,15, サルモネラ16リステリア菌17、 Yersinia enterocolitica18,19、とコレラ20、文書化されています。
いくつかの実験的モデルは、EHEC の植民地化の in vitroとin vivo21,22,23の研究を容易にするために開発されています。しかし、EHEC の植民地化は、生体内で、研究に適した動物モデルの欠乏そしてこうして詳細の結果不足があります。EHEC 植民地化メカニズムは、生体内での研究を容易にする、動物を観察し、非侵襲的な方法で生きている動物の EHEC の植民地化を定量化するモデルを構築する貴重なです。
本稿では、生物発光表現するシステムを使用して生きている宿主に時間をかけて EHEC の植民地化を監視するマウス EHEC 植民地化モデルについて説明します。マウスは接種量発光ラベル EHEC とマウスで、非侵襲的生体内でイメージ投射システム13と発光信号が検出されました。2 日後に感染症、それらの細菌は、2 日後に感染後ホストの腸の植民地を提案した後彼らの腸に発光信号を示した発光ラベル EHEC 感染マウス。前のヴィヴォの画像データを示した盲腸と結腸マウスの具体的にこの植民地化であります。このマウス EHEC のモデルを使用して、発光 EHEC の植民地化がは、生体内イメージング システムのさらなる理解を促進する可能性が腸内細菌の植民地化の詳細なメカニズムの研究生活ホストで検出できます。EHEC による生理学的および病理学的変化。

<table><tbody><tr><td>Shaker incubator</td><td>YIH DER</td><td>LM-570R</td><td>bacteria incubation&amp;nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>Orbital shaking incubator</td><td>FIRSTEK</td><td>S300</td><td>bacteria incubation&amp;nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>pBSL180</td><td></td><td></td><td>source of nptII gene</td></tr><tr><td>pAKlux2</td><td></td><td></td><td>source of luxCDABE operon</td></tr><tr><td>T&amp;amp;A Cloning Kit</td><td>Yeastern Biotech</td><td>FYC001-20P</td><td>use for TA cloning&amp;nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;em&gt;Nsi&lt;/em&gt; I</td><td>NEB</td><td>R0127S</td><td>use for plasmid cloning&amp;nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;em&gt;Sca&lt;/em&gt; I</td><td>NEB</td><td>R0122S</td><td>use for plasmid cloning&amp;nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;em&gt;Spe&lt;/em&gt; I-HF</td><td>NEB</td><td>R0133S</td><td>use for plasmid cloning&amp;nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;em&gt;Sma&lt;/em&gt; I&amp;nbsp;</td><td>NEB</td><td>R0141S</td><td>use for plasmid cloning&amp;nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>T4 ligase</td><td>NEB</td><td>M0202S</td><td>use for plasmid cloning&amp;nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>Ex Taq</td><td>TaKaRa</td><td>RR001A</td><td>use for PCR amplification</td></tr><tr><td>10X Ex Taq Buffer</td><td>TaKaRa</td><td>RR001A</td><td>use for PCR amplification</td></tr><tr><td>dNTP Mixture&amp;nbsp;</td><td>TaKaRa</td><td>RR001A</td><td>use for PCR amplification</td></tr><tr><td>PCR machine</td><td>applied Biosystem&amp;nbsp;</td><td>2720 thermal cycler&amp;nbsp;</td><td>&amp;nbsp;for PCR amplification</td></tr><tr><td>Glycerol</td><td>SIGMA</td><td>G5516-1L</td><td>use for bacteria stocking solution</td></tr><tr><td>NaCl</td><td>Sigma</td><td>31434-5KG-R</td><td>chemical for making LB medium, 10 g/L</td></tr><tr><td>Tryptone</td><td>CONDA pronadisa</td><td>Cat 1612.00</td><td>chemical for making LB medium, 10 g/L</td></tr><tr><td>Yeast Extract powder</td><td>Affymetrix</td><td>23547-1 KG</td><td>chemical for making LB medium, 5 g/L</td></tr><tr><td>Agar</td><td>CONDA pronadisa</td><td>Cat 1802.00</td><td>chemical for making LB agar</td></tr><tr><td>kanamycin&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Sigma</td><td>K4000-5G</td><td>antibiotics, use for seleciton</td></tr><tr><td>streptomycin&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Sigma</td><td>S6501-100G</td><td>antibiotics, eliminate the microbiota in mice</td></tr><tr><td>EDL933 competent cell</td><td>Homemade</td><td></td><td>method is on supplemental document&amp;nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>Electroporator</td><td>MicroPulser</td><td></td><td>for electroporation</td></tr><tr><td>Electroporation Cuvettes</td><td>Gene Pulser/MicroPulser</td><td>1652086</td><td>for electroporation</td></tr><tr><td>High-speed centrifuge</td><td>Beckman Coulter</td><td>Avanti, J-26S XP</td><td>use for centrifuging bacteria&amp;nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>Fixed-Angle Rotor</td><td>Beckman Coulter</td><td>JA25.5</td><td>use for centrifuging bacteria&amp;nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>Fixed-Angle Rotor</td><td>Beckman Coulter</td><td>JLA10.5</td><td>use for centrifuging bacteria&amp;nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>centrifuge bottles</td><td>Beckman Coulter</td><td>REF357003</td><td>use for centrifuging bacteria&amp;nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>centrifuge bottles</td><td>Thermo Fisher scientific</td><td>3141-0500</td><td>use for centrifuging bacteria&amp;nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>eppendorf biophotometer plus&amp;nbsp;</td><td>eppendorf</td><td>AG 22331 hamburg</td><td>for measuring the OD600 value of bacteria</td></tr><tr><td>C57BL/6 mice&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Laboratory Animal Center of NCKU</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>lab coat, gloves</td><td></td><td></td><td>for personnel protection&amp;nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>isoflurane&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Panion &amp;amp; BF Biotech Inc.</td><td>G-8669</td><td>for mice anesthesia, pharmaceutical grade</td></tr><tr><td>1ml syringe&amp;nbsp;</td><td></td><td></td><td>use for oral gavage of mice</td></tr><tr><td>Reusable 22 G ball-tipped feeding needle</td><td></td><td>&amp;phi;0.9 mm X L 50 mm</td><td>use for oral gavage of mice</td></tr><tr><td>surgical&amp;nbsp; scissors&amp;nbsp;</td><td></td><td></td><td>use for mice experiment</td></tr><tr><td>Xenogen IVIS 200 imaging system</td><td>Perkin Elmer</td><td>IVIS spectrum</td><td>use for bioluminescent image capture&amp;nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>Living Image Software</td><td>Perkin Elmer</td><td>version 4.1</td><td>use for quantifying the image data</td></tr></tbody></table>

detection of enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli colonization in murine host by non-invasive in vivo bioluminescence system

腸管出血性大腸菌(EHEC) o157: h7、これが食中毒病原体、causesdiarrhea、出血性大腸炎 (HS) と溶血性尿毒症症候群 (HUS) は、人間の腸管に植民地化します。EHEC の植民地化、体内の詳細な機構の研究を監視して定量化 EHEC 植民地動物モデルを持つことが不可欠です。ここを監視して生きている宿主の EHEC の植民地化を定量化 EHEC に発光発現プラスミドを変換することによってマウス EHEC 植民地化モデルを紹介します。発光ラベル EHEC を接種した動物と非侵襲的体内イメージング システム検出によるマウスでの強烈な発光信号を示します。1 と 2 日間は、感染症を投稿後発光信号まだ検出感染した動物、EHEC が、少なくとも 2 日間のホストで植民地化を示唆しています。また、これらの発光 EHEC がex vivo画像から具体的に、盲腸および結腸、小腸に検索を示します。このマウス EHEC 植民地化モデルは、EHEC 植民地化メカニズムの現在のナレッジを進めるためのツールとして役立つかもしれない。

生物発光ラベル EHEC を投与 (~ 109細菌細胞) 経口投与による 6 週間の古い女性 c57bl/6 マウスに。1 時間以内のマウスに EHEC の経口接種後動物は図 7に示すように、生体内イメージング システムによる発光信号について検討した.結果は、発光ラベル EHEC と強制経口投与マウスにおける強力な発光信号を示した。2 日間ポスト感染上の信...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Detection of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia Coli Colonization in Murine Host by Non-invasive In Vivo Bioluminescence System at JoVE.com

Detection of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia Coli Colonization in Murine Host by Non-invasive In Vivo Bioluminescence System

腸管出血性発光標識細菌によるエシェリヒア属大腸菌(EHEC) の植民地化のためのマウスモデルの詳細なプロトコルが表示されます。非侵襲的生体内でイメージ投射生きている動物のシステムによってこれらの発光細菌の検出は、EHEC の植民地化の私達の現在の理解を進めることができます。

非侵襲体内生物発光システムによってマウスのホストである腸管出血性大腸菌の植民地化の検出

Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) O157:H7, which is a foodborne pathogen that causesdiarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis (HS), and hemolytic uremic syndrome ...

detection-enterohemorrhagic-escherichia-coli-colonization-murine-host

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Immunology and Infection

Detection of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia Coli Colonization in Murine Host by Non-invasive In Vivo Bioluminescence System

9.4K ビュー.  National Cheng Kung University. 腸管出血性発光標識細菌によるエシェリヒア属大腸菌(EHEC) の植民地化のためのマウスモデルの詳細なプロトコルが表示されます。非侵襲的生体内でイメージ投射生きている動物のシステムによってこれらの発光細菌の検出は、EHEC の植民地化の私達の現在の理解を進めることができます。

ビデオ: Detection of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia Coli Colonization in Murine Host by Non-invasive In Vivo Bioluminescence System

Using Luciferase to Image Bacterial Infections in Mice

Imaging is a valuable technique that can be used to monitor biological processes. In particular, the presence of cancer cells, stem cells, specific immune cell types, viral pathogens, parasites and bacteria can be followed in real-time within living animals 1-2. Application of bioluminescence imaging to the study of pathogens has advantages as compared to conventional strategies for analysis of infections in animal models3-4. Infections can be visualized within individual animals over time, without requiring euthanasia to determine the location and quantity of the pathogen. Optical imaging allows comprehensive examination of all tissues and organs, rather than sampling of sites previously known to be infected. In addition, the accuracy of inoculation into specific tissues can be directly determined prior to carrying forward animals that were unsuccessfully inoculated throughout the entire experiment. Variability between animals can be controlled for, since imaging allows each animal to be followed individually. Imaging has the potential to greatly reduce animal numbers needed because of the ability to obtain data from numerous time points without having to sample tissues to determine pathogen load3-4.
This protocol describes methods to visualize infections in live animals using bioluminescence imaging for recombinant strains of bacteria expressing luciferase. The click beetle (CBRLuc) and firefly luciferases (FFluc) utilize luciferin as a substrate5-6. The light produced by both CBRluc and FFluc has a broad wavelength from 500 nm to 700 nm, making these luciferases excellent reporters for the optical imaging in living animal models7-9. This is primarily because wavelengths of light greater than 600 nm are required to avoid absorption by hemoglobin and, thus, travel through mammalian tissue efficiently. Luciferase is genetically introduced into the bacteria to produce light signal10. Mice are pulmonary inoculated with bioluminescent bacteria intratracheally to allow monitoring of infections in real time. After luciferin injection, images are acquired using the IVIS Imaging System. During imaging, mice are anesthetized with isoflurane using an XGI-8 Gas Anethesia System. Images can be analyzed to localize and quantify the signal source, which represents the bacterial infection site(s) and number, respectively. After imaging, CFU determination is carried out on homogenized tissue to confirm the presence of bacteria. Several doses of bacteria are used to correlate bacterial numbers with luminescence. Imaging can be applied to study of pathogenesis and evaluation of the efficacy of antibacterial compounds and vaccines.

Methods for bioluminescence imaging of bacterial infections in living animals are decribed. Pathogens are modified to express luciferase allowing optical whole body imaging of infections in live animals. Animal models can be infected with luciferase expressing pathogens and the resulting course of disease visualized in real-time by bioluminescence imaging.

マウスでイメージ細菌感染にルシフェラーゼを用いた

Imaging is a valuable technique that can be used to monitor biological processes.  In particular, the presence of cancer cells, stem cells, specific ...

免疫・感染学

In vitro and in vivo Bioluminescence Reporter Gene Imaging of Human Embryonic Stem Cells

The discovery of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) has dramatically increased the tools available to medical scientists interested in regenerative medicine. However, direct injection of hESCs, and cells differentiated from hESCs, into living organisms has thus far been hampered by significant cell death, teratoma formation, and host immune rejection. Understanding the in vivo hESC behavior after transplantation requires novel imaging techniques to longitudinally monitor hESC localization, proliferation, and viability. Molecular imaging has given investigators a high-throughput, inexpensive, and sensitive means for tracking in vivo cell proliferation over days, weeks, and even months. This advancement has significantly increased the understanding of the spatio-temporal kinetics of hESC engraftment, proliferation, and teratoma-formation in living subjects.

A major advance in molecular imaging has been the extension of noninvasive reporter gene assays from molecular and cellular biology into in vivo multi-modality imaging platforms. These reporter genes, under control of engineered promoters and enhancers that take advantage of the host cell s transcriptional machinery, are introduced into cells using a variety of vector and non-vector methods. Once in the cell, reporter genes can be transcribed either constitutively or only under specific biological or cellular conditions, depending on the type of promoter used. Transcription and translation of reporter genes into bioactive proteins is then detected with sensitive, noninvasive instrumentation (e.g., CCD cameras) using signal-generating probes such as D-luciferin.

To avoid the need for excitatory light to track stem cells in vivo as is required for fluorescence imaging, bioluminescence reporter gene imaging systems require only an exogenously administered probe to induce light emission. Firefly luciferase, derived from the firefly Photinus pyralis, encodes an enzyme that catalyzes D-luciferin to the optically active metabolite, oxyluciferin. Optical activity can then be monitored with an external CCD camera. Stably transduced cells that carry the reporter construct within their chromosomal DNA will pass the reporter construct DNA to daughter cells, allowing for longitudinal monitoring of hESC survival and proliferation in vivo. Furthermore, because expression of the reporter gene product is required for signal generation, only viable parent and daughter cells will create bioluminescence signal; apoptotic or dead cells will not. 

In this video, the specific materials and methods needed for tracking stem cell proliferation and teratoma formation with bioluminescence imaging will be described.

With the growing interest in stem cell therapies, molecular imaging techniques are ideal for monitoring stem cell behavior after transplantation. Luciferase reporter genes have enabled non-invasive, repetitive assessment of cell survival, location, and proliferation in vivo. This video will demonstrate how to track hESC proliferation in a living mouse.

in vitroおよびヒト胚性幹細胞のin vivoでの生物発光レポーター遺伝子イメージングの

The discovery of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) has dramatically increased the tools available to medical scientists interested in regenerative ...

生物学

In Situ Measurement and Correlation of Cell Density and Light Emission of Bioluminescent Bacteria

There is a considerable number of bacterial species capable of emitting light. All of them share the same gene cluster, namely the lux operon. Despite this similarity, these bacteria show extreme variations in characteristics like growth behavior, intensity of light emission or regulation of bioluminescence. The method presented here is a newly developed assay that combines recording of cell growth and bioluminescent light emission intensity over time utilizing a plate reader. The resulting growth and light emission characteristics can be linked to important features of the respective bacterial strain, such as quorum sensing regulation. The cultivation of a range of bioluminescent bacteria requires a specific medium (e.g., artificial sea water medium) and defined temperatures. The easy to handle, non-bioluminescent standard-research bacterium Escherichia coli (E. coli), on the other hand, can be cultivated inexpensively in high quantities in laboratory scale. Exploiting E. coli by introducing a plasmid containing the whole lux operon can simplify experimental conditions and additionally opens up many possibilities for future applications. The expression of all lux genes utilizing an E. coli expression strain was achieved by construction of an expression plasmid via Gibson cloning and insertion of four fragments containing seven lux genes and three rib genes of the lux-rib operon into a pET28a vector. E. coli based lux gene expression can be induced and controlled via Isopropyl-&#946;-D-thiogalactopyranosid (IPTG) addition resulting in bioluminescent E. coli cells. The advantages of this system are to avoid quorum sensing regulation restrictions and complex medium compositions along with non-standard growth conditions, such as defined temperatures. This system enables analysis of lux genes and their interplay, by the exclusion of the respective gene from the lux operon, or even addition of novel genes, exchanging the luxAB genes from one bacterial strain by another, or analyzing protein complexes, such as luxCDE.

In Situ Measurement and Correlation of Cell Density and Light Emission of Bioluminescent Bacteria

Bioluminescent bacteria regulate light production through a variety of mechanisms, such as quorum sensing. This novel method allows the in situ investigation of bioluminescence and the correlation of light emission to cell density. An artificial bioluminescent Escherichia coli system allows the characterization of lux operons, Lux proteins, and their interplay.

その場で測定と細胞密度の相関、発光細菌の発光

There is a considerable number of bacterial species capable of emitting light. All of them share the same gene cluster, namely the lux operon. Despite ...

生化学

Bioluminescent Bacterial Imaging In Vivo

This video describes the use of whole body bioluminesce imaging (BLI) for the study of bacterial trafficking in live mice, with an emphasis on the use of bacteria in gene and cell therapy for cancer. Bacteria present an attractive class of vector for cancer therapy, possessing a natural ability to grow preferentially within tumors following systemic administration. Bacteria engineered to express the lux gene cassette permit BLI detection of the bacteria and concurrently tumor sites. The location and levels of bacteria within tumors over time can be readily examined, visualized in two or three dimensions. The method is applicable to a wide range of bacterial species and tumor xenograft types. This article describes the protocol for analysis of bioluminescent bacteria within subcutaneous tumor bearing mice. Visualization of commensal bacteria in the Gastrointestinal tract (GIT) by BLI is also described. This powerful, and cheap, real-time imaging strategy represents an ideal method for the study of bacteria in vivo in the context of cancer research, in particular gene therapy, and infectious disease. This video outlines the procedure for studying lux-tagged E. coli in live mice, demonstrating the spatial and temporal readout achievable utilizing BLI with the IVIS system.

Bioluminescent Bacterial Imaging In Vivo

This article describes the administration of lux-tagged bacteria to mice and subsequent in vivo analysis using IVIS bioluminescence imaging.

生物発光細菌のイメージング<emインビボで&gt;</em

This video describes the use of whole body bioluminesce imaging (BLI) for the study of bacterial trafficking in live mice, with an emphasis on the use of ...

In Vivo Imaging Systems (IVIS) Detection of a Neuro-Invasive Encephalitic Virus

Modern advancements in imaging technology encourage further development and refinement in the way viral research is accomplished. Initially proposed by Russel and Burch in Hume's 3Rs (replacement, reduction, refinement), the utilization of animal models in scientific research is under constant pressure to identify new methodologies to reduce animal usage while improving scientific accuracy and speed. A major challenge to Hume's principals however, is how to ensure the studies are statistically accurate while reducing animal disease morbidity and overall numbers. Vaccine efficacy studies currently require a large number of animals in order to be considered statistically significant and often result in high morbidity and mortality endpoints for identification of immune protection. We utilized in vivo imaging systems (IVIS) in conjunction with a firefly bioluminescent enzyme to progressively track the invasion of the central nervous system (CNS) by an encephalitic virus in a murine model. Typically, the disease progresses relatively slowly, however virus replication is rapid, especially within the CNS, and can lead to an often, lethal outcome. Following intranasal infection of the mice with TC83-Luc, an attenuated Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus strain modified to expresses a luciferase gene; we are able to visualize virus replication within the brain at least three days before the development of clinical disease symptoms. Utilizing CNS invasion as a key encephalitic disease development endpoint we are able to quickly identify therapeutic and vaccine protection against TC83-Luc infection before clinical symptoms develop. With IVIS technology we are able to demonstrate the rapid and accurate testing of drug therapeutics and vaccines while reducing animal numbers and morbidity.

In Vivo Imaging Systems IVIS Detection of a Neuro-Invasive Encephalitic Virus

Utilizing luciferase and in vivo imaging systems (IVIS) as a novel means to identify disease endpoints before clinical developments occur. IVIS has allowed us to visualize in real time the invasion of encephalitic viruses over multiple days, providing a more accurate disease model for future study. It has also allowed us to identify the potential protective features of antivirals and vaccines faster than currently utilized animal models. The capability to utilize individual animals over multiple time points ensures reduced animal requirements, costs, and overall morbidity to the animals utilized ensuring a more humane and more scientific means of disease study.

神経侵襲性脳炎ウイルスのin vivoイメージングシステム（IVIS）検出で

Modern advancements in imaging technology encourage further development and refinement in the way viral research is accomplished. Initially proposed by ...

4D Multimodality Imaging of Citrobacter rodentium Infections in Mice

This protocol outlines the steps required to longitudinally monitor a bioluminescent bacterial infection using composite 3D diffuse light imaging tomography with integrated &mu;CT (DLIT-&mu;CT) and the subsequent use of this data to generate a four dimensional (4D) movie of the infection cycle. To develop the 4D infection movies and to validate the DLIT-&mu;CT imaging for bacterial infection studies using an IVIS Spectrum CT, we used infection with bioluminescent C. rodentium, which causes self-limiting colitis in mice. In this protocol, we outline the infection of mice with bioluminescent C. rodentium and non-invasive monitoring of colonization by daily DLIT-&mu;CT imaging and bacterial enumeration from feces for 8 days.
The use of the IVIS Spectrum CT facilitates seamless co-registration of optical and &mu;CT scans using a single imaging platform. The low dose &mu;CT modality enables the imaging of mice at multiple time points during infection, providing detailed anatomical localization of bioluminescent bacterial foci in 3D without causing artifacts from the cumulative radiation. Importantly, the 4D movies of infected mice provide a powerful analytical tool to monitor bacterial colonization dynamics in vivo.

4D Multimodality Imaging of Citrobacter rodentium Infections in Mice

Multi-modality imaging is a valuable approach for studying bacterial colonization in small animal models. This protocol outlines infection of mice with bioluminescent Citrobacter rodentium and the longitudinal monitoring of bacterial colonization using composite 3D diffuse light imaging tomography with &mu;CT imaging to create a 4D movie of C. rodentium infection.

の4Dのマルチモダリティイメージング<em&gt;シトロバクターrodentium</emマウスにおける&gt;感染症

This protocol outlines the steps required to  longitudinally monitor a bioluminescent bacterial infection using composite 3D diffuse light imaging ...

Monitoring Breast Cancer Growth and Metastatic Colony Formation in Mice using Bioluminescence

Breast cancer is a frequent heterogeneous malignancy and the second leading cause of mortality in women, mainly due to distant organ metastasis. Several animal models have been generated, including the widely used orthotopic mouse models, where cancer cells are injected into the mammary fat pad. However, these models cannot help monitor tumor growth kinetics and metastatic colonization. Cutting-edge tools to monitor cancer cells in real time in mice will significantly advance the understanding of tumor biology. 
Here, breast cancer cell lines stably expressing luciferase and green fluorescent protein (GFP) were established. Specifically, this technique contains two sequential steps initiated by measuring the luciferase activity in vitro and followed by the implantation of the cancer cells into mammary fat pads of nonobese diabetic-severe combined immunodeficiency (NOD-SCID) mice. After the injection, both the tumor growth and metastatic colonization are monitored in real time by the noninvasive bioluminescence imaging system. Then, the quantification of GFP-expressing metastases in the lungs will be examined by fluorescence microscopy to validate the observed bioluminescence results. This sophisticated system combining luciferase and fluorescence-based detection tools evaluates cancer metastasis in vivo, which has great potential for use in breast cancer therapeutics and disease management.

Here, we describe a noninvasive monitoring method involving luciferase and green fluorescent protein expression in various breast cancer cell lines. This protocol provides a technique to monitor tumor formation and metastatic colonization in real time in mice.

生物発光を用いたマウスにおける乳がん増殖および転移性コロニー形成のモニタリング

Breast cancer is a frequent heterogeneous malignancy and the second leading cause of mortality in women, mainly due to distant organ metastasis. Several ...

がん研究

Combined In vivo Optical and &#181;CT Imaging to Monitor Infection, Inflammation, and Bone Anatomy in an Orthopaedic Implant Infection in Mice

Multimodality imaging has emerged as a common technological approach used in both preclinical and clinical research. Advanced techniques that combine in vivo optical and &#956;CT imaging allow the visualization of biological phenomena in an anatomical context. These imaging modalities may be especially useful to study conditions that impact bone. In particular, orthopaedic implant infections are an important problem in clinical orthopaedic surgery. These infections are difficult to treat because bacterial biofilms form on the foreign surgically implanted materials, leading to persistent inflammation, osteomyelitis and eventual osteolysis of the bone surrounding the implant, which ultimately results in implant loosening and failure. Here, a mouse model of an infected orthopaedic prosthetic implant was used that involved the surgical placement of a Kirschner-wire implant into an intramedullary canal in the femur in such a way that the end of the implant extended into the knee joint. In this model, LysEGFP mice, a mouse strain that has EGFP-fluorescent neutrophils, were employed in conjunction with a bioluminescent Staphylococcus aureus strain, which naturally emits light. The bacteria were inoculated into the knee joints of the mice prior to closing the surgical site. In vivo bioluminescent and fluorescent imaging was used to quantify the bacterial burden and neutrophil inflammatory response, respectively. In addition, &#956;CT imaging was performed on the same mice so that the 3D location of the bioluminescent and fluorescent optical signals could be co-registered with the anatomical &#956;CT images. To quantify the changes in the bone over time, the outer bone volume of the distal femurs were measured at specific time points using a semi-automated contour based segmentation process. Taken together, the combination of in vivo bioluminescent/fluorescent imaging with &#956;CT imaging may be especially useful for the noninvasive monitoring of the infection, inflammatory response and anatomical changes in bone over time.

Combined In vivo Optical and  &#181;CT Imaging to Monitor Infection, Inflammation, and Bone Anatomy in an Orthopaedic Implant Infection in Mice

Combined optical and &#956;CT imaging in a mouse model of orthopaedic implant infection, utilizing a bioluminescent engineered strain of Staphylococcus aureus, provided the capability to noninvasively and longitudinally monitor the dynamics of the bacterial infection, as well as the corresponding inflammatory response and anatomical changes in the bone.

合わせた<em&gt;インビボ</em&gt;光とμCTイメージングマウスにおける整形外科インプラント感染で感染症、炎症、および骨解剖学を監視する

Multimodality imaging has emerged as a common technological approach used in both preclinical and clinical research. Advanced techniques that combine in ...

医学

Using Enhanced Green Fluorescence Protein-expressing Escherichia Coli to Assess Mouse Peritoneal Macrophage Phagocytosis

This manuscript describes a simple and reproducible method to perform a phagocytosis assay. The first part of this method involves building a pET-SUMO-EGFP vector (SUMO = small ubiquitin-like modifier) and expressing enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP) in Escherichia coli (BL21DE). EGFP-expressing E. coli is coincubated with macrophages for 1 h at 37 &#176;C; the negative control group is incubated on ice for the same amount of time. Then, the macrophages are ready for assessment. The advantages of this technique include its simple and straightforward steps, and phagocytosis can be measured by both flow cytometer and fluorescence microscope. The EGFP-expressing E. coli are stable and display a strong fluorescence signal even after the macrophages are fixed with paraformaldehyde. This method is not only suitable for the assessment of macrophage cell lines or primary macrophages in vitro but also suitable for the evaluation of granulocyte and monocyte phagocytosis in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The results show that the phagocytic capability of peritoneal macrophages from young (eight-week-old) mice is higher than that of macrophages from aged (16-month-old) mice. In summary, this method measures macrophage phagocytosis and is suitable for studying the innate immune system function.

Using Enhanced Green Fluorescence Protein-expressing Escherichia Coli to Assess Mouse Peritoneal Macrophage Phagocytosis

Here, we present a protocol to assess mouse peritoneal macrophage phagocytosis using enhanced green fluorescence protein-expressing Escherichia coli.

緑色蛍光タンパク質-表現する拡張を使用するマウス腹腔マクロファージの貪食能を評価するために大腸菌

This manuscript describes a simple and reproducible method to perform a phagocytosis assay. The first part of this method involves building a ...

Longitudinal Follow-Up of Urinary Tract Infections and Their Treatment in Mice using Bioluminescence Imaging

Urinary tract infections (UTI) rank among the most common bacterial infections in humans and are routinely treated with empirical antibiotics. However, due to increasing microbial resistance, the efficacy of the most used antibiotics has declined. To find alternative treatment options, there is a great need for a better understanding of the UTI pathogenesis and the mechanisms that determine UTI susceptibility. In order to investigate this in an animal model, a reproducible, non-invasive assay to study the course of UTI is indispensable.
For years, the gold standard for the enumeration of bacterial load has been the determination of Colony Forming Units (CFU) for a particular sample volume. This technique requires post-mortem organ homogenates and serial dilutions, limiting data output and reproducibility. As an alternative, bioluminescence imaging (BLI) is gaining popularity to determine the bacterial load. Labeling pathogens with a lux operon allow for the sensitive detection and quantification in a non-invasive manner, thereby enabling longitudinal follow-up. So far, the adoption of BLI in UTI research remains limited.
This manuscript describes the practical implementation of BLI in a mouse urinary tract infection model. Here, a step-by-step guide for culturing bacteria, intravesical instillation and imaging is provided. The in vivo correlation with CFU is examined and a proof-of-concept is provided by comparing the bacterial load of untreated infected animals with antibiotic-treated animals. Furthermore, the advantages, limitations, and considerations specific to the implementation of BLI in an in vivo UTI model are discussed. The implementation of BLI in the UTI research field will greatly facilitate research on the pathogenesis of UTI and the discovery of new ways to prevent and treat UTI.

This manuscript describes the intravesical administration of uropathogenic bacteria with a lux operon to induce a urinary tract infection in mice and subsequent longitudinal in vivo analysis of the bacterial load using bioluminescence imaging.

生物発光イメージングを用いたマウスにおける尿路感染症の縦方向のフォローアップとその治療

Urinary tract infections (UTI) rank among the most common bacterial infections in humans and are routinely treated with empirical antibiotics. However, ...

非侵襲体内生物発光システムによってマウスのホストである腸管出血性大腸菌の植民地化の検出

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