Name: detection of enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli colonization in murine host by non-invasive in vivo bioluminescence system
Uploaded: 2018-04-09T12:30:00.000+00:00
Duration: 6 min 20 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Detection of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia Coli Colonization in Murine Host by Non-invasive In Vivo Bioluminescence System at JoVE.com

우리는 인정 하는 치 정 첸에서 학과의 의료 연구, 치 매 의료 센터 (타이난, 대만), 감염 및 국립 쳉 쿵 대학 실험실 동물 센터에서 지원에 마우스에 도움. 이 작품은 과학의 성직자에 의해 지원 하 고 기술 (대부분) CC를 (가장 104-2321-B-006-019, 105-2321-B-006-011, and106-2321-B-006-005)를 부여 합니다.

주의: EHEC O157:H7는 biosafety 수준 2 (BSL-2) 병원 체 질병 통제 및 예방 (CDC) biosafety 지시 (https://www.cdc.gov/)를 위한 센터에 따르면. 따라서, 모든 실험 절차 관련 된 EHEC BSL-2 시설에서 수행 되어야 합니다. 실험을 수행 하는 동안 실험실 코트와 장갑 착용. 인증된 biosafety 내각 (BSC)에서 작동 합니다. 70% 에탄올과 실험 절차 전후 실험 벤치를 소독. 모든 악기 또는 장비 연락처 (또는 잠재적으로 연락처) EHEC 70% 에탄올 이나 표 백제로 소독 되어야 한다. 신중 하 게 오염 된 (또는 잠재적으로 오염 된) 폐기물은 밀봉 하 고 압력가 이어야 한다. 필요한 경우 마스크, 눈 보호, 이중 장갑 또는 죄수 복을 착용. 6 주 된 C57BL/6 여성 마우스 구입 하 고 실험실 동물 센터의 국립 쳉 쿵 대학 (NCKU)에서 유지 했다. 동물 실험 기관 동물 관리 및 사용 위원회 NCKU (승인 번호 104-039)에 의해 승인 되었다.
1. Bioluciferase 표시 된 EHEC 박테리아 생성
<ol><li>믹스 50 ng deoxyribonucleic 산 (DNA), 1 μ 각 10 μ M의 앞으로 반전 뇌관, 2 μ 2.5 m m deoxynucleotides (dNTPs), 2 μ 버퍼, 0.2 μ DNA 중 합 효소, 및 살 균 이중 증 류 물 (ddH2O) 증폭 20 μ의 최종 볼륨을 x 10에 반대로 대 카세트, nptII 유전자24 DNA 템플렛 pBSL18024, 국가 유관 프로젝트 (NBRP)에서 구입 하는 것입니다. PCR 조건 표 1 에 나열 되 고 뇌관 순서는 표 2에서 사용할 수 있습니다.</li>
	<li>PCR 제품 상업적 복제 벡터 키트 다음을 위하여 프로토콜 ( 재료의 표참조).</li>
	<li>NsiI 와 SmaI 에 의해 클로닝 벡터에서 nptII 유전자 단편을 삭제할 및 pAKlux29 대 내성 플라스 미드를 만드는 NsiI ScaI 에 의해 소화 되어, pBBR1MCS4로 복제 pWF27813.</li>
	<li>LuxCDABE 오 페론 luciferase 플라스 미드9, pAKlux2, SpeI-HF 와 ScaI 및 복제에 의해 표현에서 삭제할 SpeI HF 와 SmaI 소화 대를 생성 하는 pWF278 저항 및 luciferase 플라스 미드, pWF27913를 표현. 참고: 플라스 미드 추출 및 삭제 조각 purifications, 상업 플라스 미드 추출 및 젤 추출 키트를 각각 사용 합니다. 효소 소화에 대 한 100 ng DNA, 1 μ 10 x 버퍼, 각 선택 된 제한 효소, 그리고 살 균 ddH2O 10 μ의 총 볼륨의 1 μ를 혼합 하 고 2.5-3 h 37 ° C에서 품 어.</li>
	<li>2500 V 4 ms와 electroporation에 의해 대장균 O157:H7 EDL933 유능한 세포에 pWF279 플라스 미드를 변환.</li>
	<li>1 시간 동안 37 ° C에서 1 mL Luria Bertani (파운드) 매체에 변형 된 박테리아 세포를 품 어.</li>
	<li>16-18 h 37 ° C에서 대의 50 µ g/mL으로 보충 한 파운드 천 배지에 박테리아 접시</li>
	<li>vivo에서 이미징 기계 다음 날 여 접시의 발광 신호를 확인 하십시오. 접시에서 단일 식민지를 선택 하 고 3 mL 파운드 16-18 h 37 ° C에서 50 µ g/mL 대 보충에 문화.</li>
	<li>Diluting 하 여 세균성 주식 매체를 준비 살 균 ddH2O 30% 글리세롤 솔루션 100% 글리세롤.</li>
	<li>대 방지 고정 나사 모자 cryovial에 세균성 주식으로-80 ° c.에서 박테리아 문화 및 30% 글리세롤 용액의 1:1 비율로 luciferase 플라스 미드를 은닉 하는 대장균 O157:H7 EDL933 박테리아 글리세롤의 최종 농도 15%입니다.</li>
</ol>2. 발광 EHEC 박테리아 준비 구두 접종에 대 한
참고: EHEC 준비 및 마우스 구강에 대 한 실험 절차의 타임 라인 순서도 그림 1 실험 준비에 도움을 제공.
<ol><li>은닉 luciferase 플라스 미드-80 ° C 주식에서 50 µ g/mL 대와 파운드 한 천 배지 위에 행진 대장균 O157:H7 EDL933 박테리아. 16-18 h 37 ° c.에 대 한 박테리아를 성장</li>
	<li>16-18 h 220 rpm에서 37 ° C 배양 기에서 50 µ g/mL 대와 3 mL 파운드 매체에 문화와 하룻밤 플레이트에서 단일 식민지를 선택 하십시오.</li>
	<li>Subculture 박테리아 (1: 100 희석) 대 (50 µ g/mL)으로 200 rpm에서 37 ° C 배양 기에서 2.5-3 h에 대 한 파운드 국물 포함. (예를 들어, 추가 2 mL 하룻밤 배양 보충 대 (50 µ g/mL)와 200 mL 파운드 매체에 박테리아).</li>
	<li>2.5-3 h에 대 한 박테리아를 품 어 및 600에서 광학 밀도 값 측정 값까지 nm (OD600) 0.9 ~ 1 사이입니다. 세균성 세포 수는 약 108 콜로 니 형성 단위 (CFU)의 밀도 / mL.</li>
	<li>8000 x g 30 분, 4 ° c.에서 다시 교양된 박테리아 원심</li>
	<li>박테리아의 펠 릿을 교 반 하지 않고는 상쾌한을 삭제 하 고 부드러운 동요에 의해 100 mL 0.9% 메 마른 정상적인 염 분으로 펠 릿을 세척.</li>
	<li>한 번 2.5-2.6 단계를 반복 합니다.</li>
	<li>세척 후 원심 8000 x g 30 분, 4 ° C에서 세균성 문화 하 고는 상쾌한 부드럽게 삭제.</li>
	<li>응축은 펠 릿에 100 0.9% 살 균 일반 식 염 수와 함께. 예를 들어, 200 mL 박테리아 centrifuged는 펠 릿을 중단 2 mL 정상적인 염 분을 추가 합니다.</li>
	<li>10 직렬 희석25통해 집중된 박테리아를 도금 하 여 박테리아 CFU (그것은 약 109 CFU/100 μ 응축 후에 있어야 정상적인 염 분)을 확인 합니다.</li>
</ol>3. 마우스 EHEC의 구강
<ol><li>24 h에 대 한 스 물 (5 g/L)와 6 주 된 여성 C57BL/6 쥐를 취급 합니다.</li>
	<li>24 시간 후 gavage 전에 또 다른 24 h에 대 한 일반 식 수로 전환. 24 h에 대 한 일반 물으로 치료 후 쥐 EHEC의 구강에 대 한 준비가.입니다.</li>
	<li>플런저에 다시 당겨 100 μ EHEC 박테리아로 주사기를 채우십시오. 아무 공기 방울이 주사기에는 확인 하십시오. 손가락으로 주사기를 스냅 하 여 거품을 제거 합니다.</li>
	<li>동물을 부드럽게 들어올리고 주의 케이지 위에 그것을 배치 합니다.</li>
	<li>꼬리, 신중 하 게 마우스 잡고 고 동물 케이지의 상단을 그립 하 고 멀리 이동 하려고.</li>
	<li>부드럽게 마우스의 머리를 이동 하지 않도록 엄지와 함께 동물의 앞면과 뒷면 목의 느슨한 피부를 파악 하 여 마우스를 제 지 하십시오.</li>
	<li>Gavage 바늘을 삽입 하 고 마우스의 머리는 고정 하 고 수직을 확인 하는 수직 위치에 마우스를 잡아.</li>
	<li>입의 지붕에 따라 마우스 입에 gavage 바늘을 삽입 하 고 식도 및 위를 향해 아래로 이동.</li>
	<li>삽입 된 바늘 절반 또는 2/3 길이 마우스에 때 주사 약 109 CFU 셀을 포함 하는 100 μ EHEC 박테리아.</li>
</ol>4입니다. 시각화
<ol><li>구강, 후 1, 2 일에 발광 신호를 감지 합니다.</li>
	<li>동물의 발광 신호를 검사 하기 전에 2.5% isoflurane 1.5 L/min 산소의 약 실에 그들을 둬서 그들을 anesthetize.</li>
	<li>모든 마우스 의식 및 중지 이동 될 때까지 2-5 분을 기다립니다. 동물 생물 발광의 비보에 탐지에 대 한 준비가 되었습니다.</li>
	<li>검색 및 이미지 동물의 발광 신호는 vivo에서 이미징 시스템. 소프트웨어 작업에 대 한 "데이터 수집" 섹션 5를 참조 하십시오. 이미징 프로세스 동안 모든 동물 2.5% isoflurane 1.5 L/min 산소의 지속적인된 공급을 받고 있다.<ol>
<li>파일을 클릭 > 라이브, 그리고 수동으로 마우스에 집중.</li>
		<li>노출 시간 및 레이저 강도 선택 합니다.</li>
		<li>클릭 취득 > 캡처.</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>쥐 자 궁 경부 전위에 의해 안락사는 ex vivo 영상, 감염 된 쥐의 전체 내장 제거 및. Vivo에서 이미징 시스템 내장 9 cm 배양 접시와 이미지에 배치 합니다. 설정 되는 vivo에서 이미징 보기의 필드 A/b.로 설정 되어 제외 하 고 동일 자세한 내용은 "데이터 수집" 섹션 5를 참조 하십시오. 참고: 자 궁 경부 전위에 대 한 방법: 동물 케이지 그립을 한 손으로 꼬리를 파악 하 여 케이지 위에 마우스를 억제. 두개골의 기지에서 마커 펜 또는 엄지 및 목의 뒤에 대 한 다른 한편의 첫 번째 손가락을 놓습니다. 빨리 머리를 억제 하는 동안 손 또는 개체와 함께 앞으로 밀어 하 고 꼬리를 잡고 손으로 뒤로 당겨. 밀접 하 게 호흡 검거, 및 아무 심장 박동 확인 확인.</li>
</ol>5. 데이터 수집
참고: 데이터 수집에 사용 되는 소프트웨어는 재료의 테이블에에서 나열 됩니다.
<ol><li>이미지 수집을 위한 소프트웨어 (그림 2)의 수집 컨트롤 패널을 엽니다.</li>
	<li>선택 "발광" "사진,"와 "오버레이 합니다."</li>
	<li>"자동"으로 노출 시간 설정 "매체"로 Binning 설정</li>
	<li>Ƒ/중지 1로 발광 하 고 8에 대 한 설정 사진. Ƒ/중지 컨트롤 CCD 검출기는 빛의 양을 받았다.</li>
	<li>보기의 이미지를 얻으려고 관심 분야에 따라 필드를 설정 합니다. 옵션 "D"는 5 6 주 된 쥐를 적합 하 고 한 번에 모든 이미지 수 있습니다. "C"는 한 필드에서 3 6 주 된 쥐 이미지 수 있습니다.</li>
	<li>마우스/샘플 영상에 대 한 준비가 되 면, 일단 이미지 수집을 위한 "취득"을 클릭 합니다.</li>
	<li>이미지 데이터 획득을 엽니다.</li>
	<li>도구 팔레트 패널 (그림 3)을 엽니다.</li>
	<li>ROI 도구를 선택 합니다. 이미지 (그림 4) 발광 영역 범위 원을 (가장 왼쪽 중 하나)이 좋습니다.</li>
	<li>"측정 ROIs" (연필 아이콘) 측정 표면 발광 강도 (그림 3)를 클릭 합니다. 패널의 ROI 측정 및 정량화 값 표시 (그림 5).</li>
	<li>사용 하 여 구성 측정 ROI 측정 패널의 왼쪽에 선택 값/필요한 정보 (그림 6), 그렇지 않으면 "수출"이 데이터 테이블 내보내고.csv 파일 (그림 5)으로 저장을 클릭 합니다.</li>
	<li>.Csv 파일에서 발광 강도 정량화로 열 "총 속 (p/s)"의 값을 사용 합니다.</li>
</ol>

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저자는 공개 없다.

그것은 알려졌다 EHEC luciferase 플라스 미드와 변환 호스트 또는 유전자 식 vivo에서8,,1112에 그것의 지역화를 검사 활용 되었습니다. 여기 시연 murine 모델 또한 murine 호스트8에서 EHEC 식민지 시기와 지역화를 검색 하기 위해 보고 되었다. 그럼에도 불구 하 고, 우리는 intragastrically 마우스 EHEC 접종을 관리 하...

EHEC O157:H7 설사1, HS2에서3, 오염 된 물 이나 음식을 통해도 급성 신부전4 원인 병원 체 이다. EHEC 병원 성 enterobacterium 이며 인간1의 위장을 colonizes. EHEC 먼저 호스트 창 자 상피 준수 때 그들은 유형 III 분 비 시스템 (T3SS) 분자 주사기는 연결을 유도 하 고 적용을 이후에 병 변 (A/E) effacing 역할을 통해 호스트 세포에 주입 식민 요인 접착 (식민)5. 이 유전자는 A/E 병 변 형성에 관여 enterocyte 항목 (리) pathogenicity 섬5의 소재 시로 인코딩됩니다.
생물 발광은 빛 생산 화학 반응, 어떤 luciferase catalyzes 보이는 빛6를 생성 하는 기판 소. 이 효소 과정은 종종 산소 또는 아데노신 3 인산 염 (ATP)6의 존재를 필요로 한다. 생물 발광 영상 (BLI) 연구원 시각화 및 호스트 병원 체 상호 작용의 양자화에에서 있습니다 라이브 동물7. 씨 수 있습니다 그들은 이주와 다른 조직7; 침략 발광 박테리아에 따라 살아있는 동물에서 세균 감염 사이클 특성을 이 감염의 동적 진행을 보여준다. 또한, 동물에서 세균 부하는 관련이 발광 신호8; 따라서, 그것은 간단 하 고 직접적인 방법으로 실험 동물의 병 적인 상태를 추정 하는 편리한 표시기입니다.
여기에 사용 되는 플라스 미드 포함 luciferase 오 페론, luxCDABE, 박테리아 자체 luciferase 기판7,9인코딩하는 Photorhabdus luminescens 에서. 이 luciferase 표현 플라스 미드 박테리아로 변형 하 여 살아있는 동물에서 이러한 발광 박테리아를 관찰 하 여 식민과 감염 프로세스를 모니터링할 수 있습니다. 전반적으로, 씨 및 생물 발광 표시 된 박테리아 세균 숫자 및 위치, 항생제/치료 치료와 감염/식민지6, 에 세균성 유전자 발현 세균 생존 능력을 감시 하는 연구자 수 7. 수많은 병원 성 박테리아는 감염에서 감염 주기 및/또는 유전자 표현 검토 하 luxCDABE 오 페론 표현 보고 되었습니다. Uropathogenic 대장균10, EHEC8,11,,1213, enteropathogenic를 포함 하 여 이러한 박테리아 대장균 (EPEC)8, Citrobacter rodentium14,15, 살 모 넬 라 typhimurium16, Listeria monocytogenes17, Yersinia enterocolitica18,19, 비 브리 오 cholerae20, 문서화 되었습니다.
몇 가지 실험 모델 EHEC 식민 생체 외에서 그리고 vivo에서21,,2223의 연구를 촉진 하기 위해 개발 되었습니다. 그러나, 공부 하기는 EHEC 식민 vivo에서, 적당 한 동물 모델의 부족 및 따라서 내용의 결과 소수 있다. EHEC 식민 메커니즘에는 vivo에서의 연구를 촉진 하기 위하여 관찰 하 고 계량 비-침략 적 방법에서 살아있는 동물에서 EHEC 식민 동물 모델을 구축 하는 귀중 한입니다.
이 원고는 EHEC 식민 생활 호스트에 시간이 지남에 따라 모니터 발광 표현 시스템을 사용 하는 마우스-EHEC 식민 모델을 설명 합니다. 마우스는 intragastrically 생물 발광 표시 EHEC로 접종 하 고 발광 신호는 비-침략 적 vivo에서 이미징 시스템13와 쥐에서 발견 되. 마우스 감염 생물 발광 표시 EHEC 2 일 게시 감염 후 2 일 게시 감염 호스트 창에 그 박테리아 식민지는 제안 후 그들의 내장에서 중요 한 발광 신호를 보여주었다. 이미지 데이터 비보 전 이 식민은 맹 쥐의 콜론에서 구체적으로 보여주었다. 이 마우스 EHEC 모델을 사용 하 여 발광 EHEC 식민 검출 될 수 있다 살아있는 호스트에는 vivo에서 이미징 시스템에서 더 이해를 증진 수 있습니다 장의 박테리아 식민지의 상세한 메커니즘을 연구 하 여 EHEC 유도 생리와 병리학 변화입니다.

<table><tbody><tr><td>Shaker incubator</td><td>YIH DER</td><td>LM-570R</td><td>bacteria incubation&amp;nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>Orbital shaking incubator</td><td>FIRSTEK</td><td>S300</td><td>bacteria incubation&amp;nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>pBSL180</td><td></td><td></td><td>source of nptII gene</td></tr><tr><td>pAKlux2</td><td></td><td></td><td>source of luxCDABE operon</td></tr><tr><td>T&amp;amp;A Cloning Kit</td><td>Yeastern Biotech</td><td>FYC001-20P</td><td>use for TA cloning&amp;nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;em&gt;Nsi&lt;/em&gt; I</td><td>NEB</td><td>R0127S</td><td>use for plasmid cloning&amp;nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;em&gt;Sca&lt;/em&gt; I</td><td>NEB</td><td>R0122S</td><td>use for plasmid cloning&amp;nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;em&gt;Spe&lt;/em&gt; I-HF</td><td>NEB</td><td>R0133S</td><td>use for plasmid cloning&amp;nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;em&gt;Sma&lt;/em&gt; I&amp;nbsp;</td><td>NEB</td><td>R0141S</td><td>use for plasmid cloning&amp;nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>T4 ligase</td><td>NEB</td><td>M0202S</td><td>use for plasmid cloning&amp;nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>Ex Taq</td><td>TaKaRa</td><td>RR001A</td><td>use for PCR amplification</td></tr><tr><td>10X Ex Taq Buffer</td><td>TaKaRa</td><td>RR001A</td><td>use for PCR amplification</td></tr><tr><td>dNTP Mixture&amp;nbsp;</td><td>TaKaRa</td><td>RR001A</td><td>use for PCR amplification</td></tr><tr><td>PCR machine</td><td>applied Biosystem&amp;nbsp;</td><td>2720 thermal cycler&amp;nbsp;</td><td>&amp;nbsp;for PCR amplification</td></tr><tr><td>Glycerol</td><td>SIGMA</td><td>G5516-1L</td><td>use for bacteria stocking solution</td></tr><tr><td>NaCl</td><td>Sigma</td><td>31434-5KG-R</td><td>chemical for making LB medium, 10 g/L</td></tr><tr><td>Tryptone</td><td>CONDA pronadisa</td><td>Cat 1612.00</td><td>chemical for making LB medium, 10 g/L</td></tr><tr><td>Yeast Extract powder</td><td>Affymetrix</td><td>23547-1 KG</td><td>chemical for making LB medium, 5 g/L</td></tr><tr><td>Agar</td><td>CONDA pronadisa</td><td>Cat 1802.00</td><td>chemical for making LB agar</td></tr><tr><td>kanamycin&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Sigma</td><td>K4000-5G</td><td>antibiotics, use for seleciton</td></tr><tr><td>streptomycin&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Sigma</td><td>S6501-100G</td><td>antibiotics, eliminate the microbiota in mice</td></tr><tr><td>EDL933 competent cell</td><td>Homemade</td><td></td><td>method is on supplemental document&amp;nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>Electroporator</td><td>MicroPulser</td><td></td><td>for electroporation</td></tr><tr><td>Electroporation Cuvettes</td><td>Gene Pulser/MicroPulser</td><td>1652086</td><td>for electroporation</td></tr><tr><td>High-speed centrifuge</td><td>Beckman Coulter</td><td>Avanti, J-26S XP</td><td>use for centrifuging bacteria&amp;nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>Fixed-Angle Rotor</td><td>Beckman Coulter</td><td>JA25.5</td><td>use for centrifuging bacteria&amp;nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>Fixed-Angle Rotor</td><td>Beckman Coulter</td><td>JLA10.5</td><td>use for centrifuging bacteria&amp;nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>centrifuge bottles</td><td>Beckman Coulter</td><td>REF357003</td><td>use for centrifuging bacteria&amp;nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>centrifuge bottles</td><td>Thermo Fisher scientific</td><td>3141-0500</td><td>use for centrifuging bacteria&amp;nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>eppendorf biophotometer plus&amp;nbsp;</td><td>eppendorf</td><td>AG 22331 hamburg</td><td>for measuring the OD600 value of bacteria</td></tr><tr><td>C57BL/6 mice&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Laboratory Animal Center of NCKU</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>lab coat, gloves</td><td></td><td></td><td>for personnel protection&amp;nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>isoflurane&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Panion &amp;amp; BF Biotech Inc.</td><td>G-8669</td><td>for mice anesthesia, pharmaceutical grade</td></tr><tr><td>1ml syringe&amp;nbsp;</td><td></td><td></td><td>use for oral gavage of mice</td></tr><tr><td>Reusable 22 G ball-tipped feeding needle</td><td></td><td>&amp;phi;0.9 mm X L 50 mm</td><td>use for oral gavage of mice</td></tr><tr><td>surgical&amp;nbsp; scissors&amp;nbsp;</td><td></td><td></td><td>use for mice experiment</td></tr><tr><td>Xenogen IVIS 200 imaging system</td><td>Perkin Elmer</td><td>IVIS spectrum</td><td>use for bioluminescent image capture&amp;nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>Living Image Software</td><td>Perkin Elmer</td><td>version 4.1</td><td>use for quantifying the image data</td></tr></tbody></table>

detection of enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli colonization in murine host by non-invasive in vivo bioluminescence system

Enterohemorrhagic E. 대장균 (EHEC) O157:H7는 foodborne 병원 체는 causesdiarrhea, 출혈 성 대 장 염 (HS), 그리고 hemolytic 신부전 증후군 (HUS), 인간의 창 자 장관에 식민지. EHEC 식민 vivo에서 의 상세한 메커니즘 연구를 모니터링 하 고 계량 EHEC 식민 동물 모델에 필수적 이다. 여기 모니터링 하 고 계량 EHEC 식민지 생활 호스트에서 EHEC에 발광 표현 플라스 미드를 변형 하 여 마우스 EHEC 식민 모델을 설명 합니다. 동물 생물 발광 표시 EHEC로 주사는 비-침략 적 vivo에서 이미징 시스템으로 탐지 하 여 쥐에서 강렬한 발광 신호를 보여줍니다. 후 1, 2 일 게시 감염, 발광 신호 수 여전히 감지할 수 감염 된 동물에서 EHEC 호스트에 적어도 2 일 동안 식민지 건의 하. 우리는 또한 이러한 발광 EHEC ex vivo 이미지에서 맹에 콜론, 특히 마우스 소장을 찾아 보여줍니다. 이 마우스 EHEC 식민 모델 EHEC 식민 메커니즘의 현재 정보를 도구 될 수 있습니다.

우리는 생물 발광 표시 EHEC 관리 (~ 109 세균성 세포) 구강에 의해 6 주 오래 된 여성 C57BL/6 마우스. 1 시간 이내 쥐 EHEC의 구두 접종 후 동물 vivo에서 이미징 시스템 그림 7과 같이 발광 신호 위해 시험 되었다. 결과 생물 발광 표시 EHEC와 gavage 쥐에서 강한 발광 신호를 보여주었다. 우리는 2 일 게시물 감염에 신호를 검사합니다. <strong class="x...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Detection of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia Coli Colonization in Murine Host by Non-invasive In Vivo Bioluminescence System at JoVE.com

Detection of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia Coli Colonization in Murine Host by Non-invasive In Vivo Bioluminescence System

Enterohemorrhagic 생물 발광 표시 된 박테리아를 사용 하 여 대장균 (EHEC) 식민지에 대 한 마우스 모델의 자세한 프로토콜 제공 됩니다. 비-침략 적 vivo에서 이미징 시스템 라이브 동물에 의해 이러한 발광 박테리아의 탐지 EHEC 식민의 우리의 현재 이해를 미리 수 있습니다.

생물 발광 시스템 비-침략 적 비보에 의해 Murine 호스트에서 Enterohemorrhagic 대장균 식민지의 검출

Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) O157:H7, which is a foodborne pathogen that causesdiarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis (HS), and hemolytic uremic syndrome ...

detection-enterohemorrhagic-escherichia-coli-colonization-murine-host

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

Detection of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia Coli Colonization in Murine Host by Non-invasive In Vivo Bioluminescence System

9.4K 조회수.  National Cheng Kung University. Enterohemorrhagic 생물 발광 표시 된 박테리아를 사용 하 여 대장균 (EHEC) 식민지에 대 한 마우스 모델의 자세한 프로토콜 제공 됩니다. 비-침략 적 vivo에서 이미징 시스템 라이브 동물에 의해 이러한 발광 박테리아의 탐지 EHEC 식민의 우리의 현재 이해를 미리 수 있습니다.

비디오: Detection of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia Coli Colonization in Murine Host by Non-invasive In Vivo Bioluminescence System

Using Luciferase to Image Bacterial Infections in Mice

Imaging is a valuable technique that can be used to monitor biological processes. In particular, the presence of cancer cells, stem cells, specific immune cell types, viral pathogens, parasites and bacteria can be followed in real-time within living animals 1-2. Application of bioluminescence imaging to the study of pathogens has advantages as compared to conventional strategies for analysis of infections in animal models3-4. Infections can be visualized within individual animals over time, without requiring euthanasia to determine the location and quantity of the pathogen. Optical imaging allows comprehensive examination of all tissues and organs, rather than sampling of sites previously known to be infected. In addition, the accuracy of inoculation into specific tissues can be directly determined prior to carrying forward animals that were unsuccessfully inoculated throughout the entire experiment. Variability between animals can be controlled for, since imaging allows each animal to be followed individually. Imaging has the potential to greatly reduce animal numbers needed because of the ability to obtain data from numerous time points without having to sample tissues to determine pathogen load3-4.
This protocol describes methods to visualize infections in live animals using bioluminescence imaging for recombinant strains of bacteria expressing luciferase. The click beetle (CBRLuc) and firefly luciferases (FFluc) utilize luciferin as a substrate5-6. The light produced by both CBRluc and FFluc has a broad wavelength from 500 nm to 700 nm, making these luciferases excellent reporters for the optical imaging in living animal models7-9. This is primarily because wavelengths of light greater than 600 nm are required to avoid absorption by hemoglobin and, thus, travel through mammalian tissue efficiently. Luciferase is genetically introduced into the bacteria to produce light signal10. Mice are pulmonary inoculated with bioluminescent bacteria intratracheally to allow monitoring of infections in real time. After luciferin injection, images are acquired using the IVIS Imaging System. During imaging, mice are anesthetized with isoflurane using an XGI-8 Gas Anethesia System. Images can be analyzed to localize and quantify the signal source, which represents the bacterial infection site(s) and number, respectively. After imaging, CFU determination is carried out on homogenized tissue to confirm the presence of bacteria. Several doses of bacteria are used to correlate bacterial numbers with luminescence. Imaging can be applied to study of pathogenesis and evaluation of the efficacy of antibacterial compounds and vaccines.

Methods for bioluminescence imaging of bacterial infections in living animals are decribed. Pathogens are modified to express luciferase allowing optical whole body imaging of infections in live animals. Animal models can be infected with luciferase expressing pathogens and the resulting course of disease visualized in real-time by bioluminescence imaging.

마우스의 이미지 세균 감염에 루시페라제를 사용하여

Imaging is a valuable technique that can be used to monitor biological processes.  In particular, the presence of cancer cells, stem cells, specific ...

연구

면역학 및 감염병학

In vitro and in vivo Bioluminescence Reporter Gene Imaging of Human Embryonic Stem Cells

The discovery of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) has dramatically increased the tools available to medical scientists interested in regenerative medicine. However, direct injection of hESCs, and cells differentiated from hESCs, into living organisms has thus far been hampered by significant cell death, teratoma formation, and host immune rejection. Understanding the in vivo hESC behavior after transplantation requires novel imaging techniques to longitudinally monitor hESC localization, proliferation, and viability. Molecular imaging has given investigators a high-throughput, inexpensive, and sensitive means for tracking in vivo cell proliferation over days, weeks, and even months. This advancement has significantly increased the understanding of the spatio-temporal kinetics of hESC engraftment, proliferation, and teratoma-formation in living subjects.

A major advance in molecular imaging has been the extension of noninvasive reporter gene assays from molecular and cellular biology into in vivo multi-modality imaging platforms. These reporter genes, under control of engineered promoters and enhancers that take advantage of the host cell s transcriptional machinery, are introduced into cells using a variety of vector and non-vector methods. Once in the cell, reporter genes can be transcribed either constitutively or only under specific biological or cellular conditions, depending on the type of promoter used. Transcription and translation of reporter genes into bioactive proteins is then detected with sensitive, noninvasive instrumentation (e.g., CCD cameras) using signal-generating probes such as D-luciferin.

To avoid the need for excitatory light to track stem cells in vivo as is required for fluorescence imaging, bioluminescence reporter gene imaging systems require only an exogenously administered probe to induce light emission. Firefly luciferase, derived from the firefly Photinus pyralis, encodes an enzyme that catalyzes D-luciferin to the optically active metabolite, oxyluciferin. Optical activity can then be monitored with an external CCD camera. Stably transduced cells that carry the reporter construct within their chromosomal DNA will pass the reporter construct DNA to daughter cells, allowing for longitudinal monitoring of hESC survival and proliferation in vivo. Furthermore, because expression of the reporter gene product is required for signal generation, only viable parent and daughter cells will create bioluminescence signal; apoptotic or dead cells will not. 

In this video, the specific materials and methods needed for tracking stem cell proliferation and teratoma formation with bioluminescence imaging will be described.

With the growing interest in stem cell therapies, molecular imaging techniques are ideal for monitoring stem cell behavior after transplantation. Luciferase reporter genes have enabled non-invasive, repetitive assessment of cell survival, location, and proliferation in vivo. This video will demonstrate how to track hESC proliferation in a living mouse.

체외에서 인간 배아 줄기 세포의 생체내의 Bioluminescence 리포터 진 영상에

The discovery of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) has dramatically increased the tools available to medical scientists interested in regenerative ...

생물학

In Situ Measurement and Correlation of Cell Density and Light Emission of Bioluminescent Bacteria

There is a considerable number of bacterial species capable of emitting light. All of them share the same gene cluster, namely the lux operon. Despite this similarity, these bacteria show extreme variations in characteristics like growth behavior, intensity of light emission or regulation of bioluminescence. The method presented here is a newly developed assay that combines recording of cell growth and bioluminescent light emission intensity over time utilizing a plate reader. The resulting growth and light emission characteristics can be linked to important features of the respective bacterial strain, such as quorum sensing regulation. The cultivation of a range of bioluminescent bacteria requires a specific medium (e.g., artificial sea water medium) and defined temperatures. The easy to handle, non-bioluminescent standard-research bacterium Escherichia coli (E. coli), on the other hand, can be cultivated inexpensively in high quantities in laboratory scale. Exploiting E. coli by introducing a plasmid containing the whole lux operon can simplify experimental conditions and additionally opens up many possibilities for future applications. The expression of all lux genes utilizing an E. coli expression strain was achieved by construction of an expression plasmid via Gibson cloning and insertion of four fragments containing seven lux genes and three rib genes of the lux-rib operon into a pET28a vector. E. coli based lux gene expression can be induced and controlled via Isopropyl-&#946;-D-thiogalactopyranosid (IPTG) addition resulting in bioluminescent E. coli cells. The advantages of this system are to avoid quorum sensing regulation restrictions and complex medium compositions along with non-standard growth conditions, such as defined temperatures. This system enables analysis of lux genes and their interplay, by the exclusion of the respective gene from the lux operon, or even addition of novel genes, exchanging the luxAB genes from one bacterial strain by another, or analyzing protein complexes, such as luxCDE.

In Situ Measurement and Correlation of Cell Density and Light Emission of Bioluminescent Bacteria

Bioluminescent bacteria regulate light production through a variety of mechanisms, such as quorum sensing. This novel method allows the in situ investigation of bioluminescence and the correlation of light emission to cell density. An artificial bioluminescent Escherichia coli system allows the characterization of lux operons, Lux proteins, and their interplay.

제자리에서 측정 및 셀 밀도의 상관 관계 및 발광 박테리아의 발광

There is a considerable number of bacterial species capable of emitting light. All of them share the same gene cluster, namely the lux operon. Despite ...

생화학

Bioluminescent Bacterial Imaging In Vivo

This video describes the use of whole body bioluminesce imaging (BLI) for the study of bacterial trafficking in live mice, with an emphasis on the use of bacteria in gene and cell therapy for cancer. Bacteria present an attractive class of vector for cancer therapy, possessing a natural ability to grow preferentially within tumors following systemic administration. Bacteria engineered to express the lux gene cassette permit BLI detection of the bacteria and concurrently tumor sites. The location and levels of bacteria within tumors over time can be readily examined, visualized in two or three dimensions. The method is applicable to a wide range of bacterial species and tumor xenograft types. This article describes the protocol for analysis of bioluminescent bacteria within subcutaneous tumor bearing mice. Visualization of commensal bacteria in the Gastrointestinal tract (GIT) by BLI is also described. This powerful, and cheap, real-time imaging strategy represents an ideal method for the study of bacteria in vivo in the context of cancer research, in particular gene therapy, and infectious disease. This video outlines the procedure for studying lux-tagged E. coli in live mice, demonstrating the spatial and temporal readout achievable utilizing BLI with the IVIS system.

Bioluminescent Bacterial Imaging In Vivo

This article describes the administration of lux-tagged bacteria to mice and subsequent in vivo analysis using IVIS bioluminescence imaging.

발광 생물 세균 이미징<em&gt; 생체 내</em

This video describes the use of whole body bioluminesce imaging (BLI) for the study of bacterial trafficking in live mice, with an emphasis on the use of ...

In Vivo Imaging Systems (IVIS) Detection of a Neuro-Invasive Encephalitic Virus

Modern advancements in imaging technology encourage further development and refinement in the way viral research is accomplished. Initially proposed by Russel and Burch in Hume's 3Rs (replacement, reduction, refinement), the utilization of animal models in scientific research is under constant pressure to identify new methodologies to reduce animal usage while improving scientific accuracy and speed. A major challenge to Hume's principals however, is how to ensure the studies are statistically accurate while reducing animal disease morbidity and overall numbers. Vaccine efficacy studies currently require a large number of animals in order to be considered statistically significant and often result in high morbidity and mortality endpoints for identification of immune protection. We utilized in vivo imaging systems (IVIS) in conjunction with a firefly bioluminescent enzyme to progressively track the invasion of the central nervous system (CNS) by an encephalitic virus in a murine model. Typically, the disease progresses relatively slowly, however virus replication is rapid, especially within the CNS, and can lead to an often, lethal outcome. Following intranasal infection of the mice with TC83-Luc, an attenuated Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus strain modified to expresses a luciferase gene; we are able to visualize virus replication within the brain at least three days before the development of clinical disease symptoms. Utilizing CNS invasion as a key encephalitic disease development endpoint we are able to quickly identify therapeutic and vaccine protection against TC83-Luc infection before clinical symptoms develop. With IVIS technology we are able to demonstrate the rapid and accurate testing of drug therapeutics and vaccines while reducing animal numbers and morbidity.

In Vivo Imaging Systems IVIS Detection of a Neuro-Invasive Encephalitic Virus

Utilizing luciferase and in vivo imaging systems (IVIS) as a novel means to identify disease endpoints before clinical developments occur. IVIS has allowed us to visualize in real time the invasion of encephalitic viruses over multiple days, providing a more accurate disease model for future study. It has also allowed us to identify the potential protective features of antivirals and vaccines faster than currently utilized animal models. The capability to utilize individual animals over multiple time points ensures reduced animal requirements, costs, and overall morbidity to the animals utilized ensuring a more humane and more scientific means of disease study.

신경 침윤성 Encephalitic 바이러스의 생체 이미징 시스템 (IVIS) 검색에서

Modern advancements in imaging technology encourage further development and refinement in the way viral research is accomplished. Initially proposed by ...

4D Multimodality Imaging of Citrobacter rodentium Infections in Mice

This protocol outlines the steps required to longitudinally monitor a bioluminescent bacterial infection using composite 3D diffuse light imaging tomography with integrated &mu;CT (DLIT-&mu;CT) and the subsequent use of this data to generate a four dimensional (4D) movie of the infection cycle. To develop the 4D infection movies and to validate the DLIT-&mu;CT imaging for bacterial infection studies using an IVIS Spectrum CT, we used infection with bioluminescent C. rodentium, which causes self-limiting colitis in mice. In this protocol, we outline the infection of mice with bioluminescent C. rodentium and non-invasive monitoring of colonization by daily DLIT-&mu;CT imaging and bacterial enumeration from feces for 8 days.
The use of the IVIS Spectrum CT facilitates seamless co-registration of optical and &mu;CT scans using a single imaging platform. The low dose &mu;CT modality enables the imaging of mice at multiple time points during infection, providing detailed anatomical localization of bioluminescent bacterial foci in 3D without causing artifacts from the cumulative radiation. Importantly, the 4D movies of infected mice provide a powerful analytical tool to monitor bacterial colonization dynamics in vivo.

4D Multimodality Imaging of Citrobacter rodentium Infections in Mice

Multi-modality imaging is a valuable approach for studying bacterial colonization in small animal models. This protocol outlines infection of mice with bioluminescent Citrobacter rodentium and the longitudinal monitoring of bacterial colonization using composite 3D diffuse light imaging tomography with &mu;CT imaging to create a 4D movie of C. rodentium infection.

의 4D 좌석 Multimodality 이미징<em&gt; Citrobacter rodentium</em마우스에서&gt; 감염

This protocol outlines the steps required to  longitudinally monitor a bioluminescent bacterial infection using composite 3D diffuse light imaging ...

Monitoring Breast Cancer Growth and Metastatic Colony Formation in Mice using Bioluminescence

Breast cancer is a frequent heterogeneous malignancy and the second leading cause of mortality in women, mainly due to distant organ metastasis. Several animal models have been generated, including the widely used orthotopic mouse models, where cancer cells are injected into the mammary fat pad. However, these models cannot help monitor tumor growth kinetics and metastatic colonization. Cutting-edge tools to monitor cancer cells in real time in mice will significantly advance the understanding of tumor biology. 
Here, breast cancer cell lines stably expressing luciferase and green fluorescent protein (GFP) were established. Specifically, this technique contains two sequential steps initiated by measuring the luciferase activity in vitro and followed by the implantation of the cancer cells into mammary fat pads of nonobese diabetic-severe combined immunodeficiency (NOD-SCID) mice. After the injection, both the tumor growth and metastatic colonization are monitored in real time by the noninvasive bioluminescence imaging system. Then, the quantification of GFP-expressing metastases in the lungs will be examined by fluorescence microscopy to validate the observed bioluminescence results. This sophisticated system combining luciferase and fluorescence-based detection tools evaluates cancer metastasis in vivo, which has great potential for use in breast cancer therapeutics and disease management.

Here, we describe a noninvasive monitoring method involving luciferase and green fluorescent protein expression in various breast cancer cell lines. This protocol provides a technique to monitor tumor formation and metastatic colonization in real time in mice.

생체 발광을 사용하여 마우스의 유방암 성장 및 전이성 콜로니 형성 모니터링

Breast cancer is a frequent heterogeneous malignancy and the second leading cause of mortality in women, mainly due to distant organ metastasis. Several ...

암 연구학

Combined In vivo Optical and &#181;CT Imaging to Monitor Infection, Inflammation, and Bone Anatomy in an Orthopaedic Implant Infection in Mice

Multimodality imaging has emerged as a common technological approach used in both preclinical and clinical research. Advanced techniques that combine in vivo optical and &#956;CT imaging allow the visualization of biological phenomena in an anatomical context. These imaging modalities may be especially useful to study conditions that impact bone. In particular, orthopaedic implant infections are an important problem in clinical orthopaedic surgery. These infections are difficult to treat because bacterial biofilms form on the foreign surgically implanted materials, leading to persistent inflammation, osteomyelitis and eventual osteolysis of the bone surrounding the implant, which ultimately results in implant loosening and failure. Here, a mouse model of an infected orthopaedic prosthetic implant was used that involved the surgical placement of a Kirschner-wire implant into an intramedullary canal in the femur in such a way that the end of the implant extended into the knee joint. In this model, LysEGFP mice, a mouse strain that has EGFP-fluorescent neutrophils, were employed in conjunction with a bioluminescent Staphylococcus aureus strain, which naturally emits light. The bacteria were inoculated into the knee joints of the mice prior to closing the surgical site. In vivo bioluminescent and fluorescent imaging was used to quantify the bacterial burden and neutrophil inflammatory response, respectively. In addition, &#956;CT imaging was performed on the same mice so that the 3D location of the bioluminescent and fluorescent optical signals could be co-registered with the anatomical &#956;CT images. To quantify the changes in the bone over time, the outer bone volume of the distal femurs were measured at specific time points using a semi-automated contour based segmentation process. Taken together, the combination of in vivo bioluminescent/fluorescent imaging with &#956;CT imaging may be especially useful for the noninvasive monitoring of the infection, inflammatory response and anatomical changes in bone over time.

Combined In vivo Optical and  &#181;CT Imaging to Monitor Infection, Inflammation, and Bone Anatomy in an Orthopaedic Implant Infection in Mice

Combined optical and &#956;CT imaging in a mouse model of orthopaedic implant infection, utilizing a bioluminescent engineered strain of Staphylococcus aureus, provided the capability to noninvasively and longitudinally monitor the dynamics of the bacterial infection, as well as the corresponding inflammatory response and anatomical changes in the bone.

결합<em&gt; 생체</em&gt; 광학 및 μCT 이미징 마우스의 정형 외과 임플란트 감염에 감염, 염증 및 뼈 해부학을 모니터링

Multimodality imaging has emerged as a common technological approach used in both preclinical and clinical research. Advanced techniques that combine in ...

의학

Using Enhanced Green Fluorescence Protein-expressing Escherichia Coli to Assess Mouse Peritoneal Macrophage Phagocytosis

This manuscript describes a simple and reproducible method to perform a phagocytosis assay. The first part of this method involves building a pET-SUMO-EGFP vector (SUMO = small ubiquitin-like modifier) and expressing enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP) in Escherichia coli (BL21DE). EGFP-expressing E. coli is coincubated with macrophages for 1 h at 37 &#176;C; the negative control group is incubated on ice for the same amount of time. Then, the macrophages are ready for assessment. The advantages of this technique include its simple and straightforward steps, and phagocytosis can be measured by both flow cytometer and fluorescence microscope. The EGFP-expressing E. coli are stable and display a strong fluorescence signal even after the macrophages are fixed with paraformaldehyde. This method is not only suitable for the assessment of macrophage cell lines or primary macrophages in vitro but also suitable for the evaluation of granulocyte and monocyte phagocytosis in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The results show that the phagocytic capability of peritoneal macrophages from young (eight-week-old) mice is higher than that of macrophages from aged (16-month-old) mice. In summary, this method measures macrophage phagocytosis and is suitable for studying the innate immune system function.

Using Enhanced Green Fluorescence Protein-expressing Escherichia Coli to Assess Mouse Peritoneal Macrophage Phagocytosis

Here, we present a protocol to assess mouse peritoneal macrophage phagocytosis using enhanced green fluorescence protein-expressing Escherichia coli.

녹색 형광 단백질 표현 하는 향상 된 사용 하 여 대장균 마우스 복 막 대 식 세포 식 균 작용을 평가 하기 위해

This manuscript describes a simple and reproducible method to perform a phagocytosis assay. The first part of this method involves building a ...

Longitudinal Follow-Up of Urinary Tract Infections and Their Treatment in Mice using Bioluminescence Imaging

Urinary tract infections (UTI) rank among the most common bacterial infections in humans and are routinely treated with empirical antibiotics. However, due to increasing microbial resistance, the efficacy of the most used antibiotics has declined. To find alternative treatment options, there is a great need for a better understanding of the UTI pathogenesis and the mechanisms that determine UTI susceptibility. In order to investigate this in an animal model, a reproducible, non-invasive assay to study the course of UTI is indispensable.
For years, the gold standard for the enumeration of bacterial load has been the determination of Colony Forming Units (CFU) for a particular sample volume. This technique requires post-mortem organ homogenates and serial dilutions, limiting data output and reproducibility. As an alternative, bioluminescence imaging (BLI) is gaining popularity to determine the bacterial load. Labeling pathogens with a lux operon allow for the sensitive detection and quantification in a non-invasive manner, thereby enabling longitudinal follow-up. So far, the adoption of BLI in UTI research remains limited.
This manuscript describes the practical implementation of BLI in a mouse urinary tract infection model. Here, a step-by-step guide for culturing bacteria, intravesical instillation and imaging is provided. The in vivo correlation with CFU is examined and a proof-of-concept is provided by comparing the bacterial load of untreated infected animals with antibiotic-treated animals. Furthermore, the advantages, limitations, and considerations specific to the implementation of BLI in an in vivo UTI model are discussed. The implementation of BLI in the UTI research field will greatly facilitate research on the pathogenesis of UTI and the discovery of new ways to prevent and treat UTI.

This manuscript describes the intravesical administration of uropathogenic bacteria with a lux operon to induce a urinary tract infection in mice and subsequent longitudinal in vivo analysis of the bacterial load using bioluminescence imaging.

요로 감염의 세로 후속 및 생물 발광 이미징을 사용하여 마우스에서의 치료

Urinary tract infections (UTI) rank among the most common bacterial infections in humans and are routinely treated with empirical antibiotics. However, ...

생물 발광 시스템 비-침략 적 비보에 의해 Murine 호스트에서 Enterohemorrhagic 대장균 식민지의 검출

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