The current work is supported by grants from the (1) National Nature Science Foundation (81973877 and 82174408), (2) National Key R&#38;D Program of China (2020YFE0201600), (3) Shanghai Top Priority Research Center construction project (2022ZZ01009), (4) Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Industrial Transformation of Hospital TCM Preparation, and (5) Research Projects within Budget of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (2021LK047).

This protocol describes the detailed gavage technique in osteosarcoma model mice by using the Yiqi Jiedu decoction as a sample. Four-week-old, male athymic mice (BALB/c nude) were used in this experiment and kept in the SPF-grade breeding room of Laboratory Animal Center in Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. All animal experiments were approved by the Animal Management and Committee of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, complied with the Code of Ethics for Laboratory Animals (Animal Et...

Herb Decoction Formulation and Gavage Standardization in Osteosarcoma Mice

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	<li>Gao, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Discussion+on+advantages+and+improvement+of+traditional+Chinese+medicine+decoction.">Discussion on advantages and improvement of traditional Chinese medicine decoction.</a> Chinese Community Physicians (Comprehensive Edition). (21), 12 (2005).</li><li>Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China. , (2015).</li><li>An, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Interpretation+on+specification+of+traditional+Chinese+medicine+decoction.">Interpretation on specification of traditional Chinese medicine decoction.</a> Herald Med. 42 (11), 1648-1652 (2023).</li><li>Chen, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Research+strategies+in+standard+decoction+of+medicinal+slices.">Research strategies in standard decoction of medicinal slices.</a> China J Chinese Materia Medica. 41 (8), 1367-1375 (2016).</li><li>Luo, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effect+of+soaking+traditional+Chinese+medicine+before+decoction+on+active+components.">Effect of soaking traditional Chinese medicine before decoction on active components.</a> Shanghai Yiyao. 40 (9), 63-64 (2019).</li><li>Liu, F., Chen, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=On+the+standardization+of+decocting+methods+of+modern+decoction.">On the standardization of decocting methods of modern decoction.</a> Global Trad Chinese Med. 7 (5), 377-378 (2014).</li><li>Li, X., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Influence+of+decocting+times+and+instrument+on+the+quality+of+decoction.">Influence of decocting times and instrument on the quality of decoction.</a> J Trad Chinese Med. 50 (6), 550-552 (2009).</li><li>Li, X., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Herbal+decoctosome+is+a+novel+form+of+medicine.">Herbal decoctosome is a novel form of medicine.</a> Sci China. 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Estimating the maximum safe starting dose in initial clinical trials for therapeutics in adult healthy volunteers Available from: <a target="_blank" href="https://www.fda.gov/regulatory-information/search-fda-guidance-documents/estimating-maximum-safe-starting-dose-initial-clinical-trials-therapeutics-adult-healthy-volunteers">https://www.fda.gov/regulatory-information/search-fda-guidance-documents/estimating-maximum-safe-starting-dose-initial-clinical-trials-therapeutics-adult-healthy-volunteers</a> (2005)</li><li>Chang, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Intratibial+osteosarcoma+cell+injection+to+generate+orthotopic+osteosarcoma+and+lung+metastasis+mouse+models.">Intratibial osteosarcoma cell injection to generate orthotopic osteosarcoma and lung metastasis mouse models.</a> J Vis Exp. (176), 63072 (2021).</li><li>He, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Laboratory+animal+science.">Laboratory animal science.</a> , (2006).</li><li>Patten, A. R., Fontaine, C. J., Christie, B. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+comparison+of+the+different+animal+models+of+fetal+alcohol+spectrum+disorders+and+their+use+in+studying+complex+behaviors.">A comparison of the different animal models of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders and their use in studying complex behaviors.</a> Fronti Pedia. 2, 93 (2014).</li><li>Jones, C. P., Boyd, K. L., Wallace, J. 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The clinical efficacy of the prescribed herbs in traditional Chinese medicine is largely associated with the administered dose and dosage form; therefore, the establishment of a standardized decoction strategy and a skilled administration process are necessary in clinical practice, as well as in improving the reliability of experimental results.
In this study, we first provided a detailed strategy for the standardized decoction of Chinese herbs used in clinical practice of traditional Chinese ...

Decoction formula is the most commonly used dosage form of the traditional Chinese medicine and the liquid medicinal drugs1,2. The decoction formula of traditional Chinese medicine is processed by decocting the herbs in water after being soaked, followed by filtering to discard the dregs.
Because the decoction formula can be individualized based on clinical necessities, especially in line with the characteristics of evidence-based treatment in traditional Chinese medicine, this dosage form via trans-oral administration has been applied in clinical practice for thousands of years with specific and irreplaceable advantages3,4. The quality of the decoction formula is directly related to the clinical efficacy.&#160;Therefore, the decoction formula must be prepared based on the principles for the standardized decoction methods to ensure the active ingredients are maximally extracted and protected3. Meanwhile, decoction-ready medicines are the main form of raw Chinese herbs used in clinical practice; the quality standards and production methods of prescribed decoction-ready medicines must comply with the provisions of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia2. Moreover, the prescribed decoction-ready medicines must be soaked in cold drinking water for at least 30 min before being decocted in a special pharmaceutical pot by heating5. Studies have shown that most of the active ingredients can be extracted by decocting for two times, and the&#160;Code of Practice for the Administration of Decoction Rooms of Traditional Chinese Medicines in Medical Institutions also prescribes decoction to be done twice4,6,7. If special Chinese herbs, such as one with hard texture or tonics, are prescribed, the decoction time is recommended to be extended. The decoction utensils and storage containers that directly come in contact with the decoction formula, starting from the container in which the prescribed decoction-ready medicines are soaked, should be chemically stable and have lids, such as casseroles, ceramics, glass and stainless steel. However, aluminum and ordinary plastic products should not be used, while iron and other corrosive utensils should be prohibited to avoid possible chemical reactions, which will reduce therapeutic efficacy and even produce harmful effects4,6,7.
Due to the limitations of performing clinical experiments, small animals bearing the human diseases, such as mice, are often used in medical research to explore the therapeutic efficacy and comprehensive mechanisms of different interventions including the decoction formula of traditional Chinese medicine8,9; however, unlike humans, the decoction formulas should be prepared every day, mixed together, and freshly administered 2x a day in clinical practice. Animals are unable to voluntarily take their medications on time with the required dosage, and most of the animal experiments related to traditional Chinese medicine are gavage-based oral administration of the decoction formulas at present. The decoction formulas used for in vivo animal experiments should be prepared in advance, aliquoted, stored at -20 &#176;C and thawed just before use3,4,10. Moreover, substandard animal immobilization and gavage needle manipulation increase the risk of unnecessary injuries and negative emotions. Therefore, as an important method of trans-oral drug delivery, the skilled gavage technique is particularly important to avoid possible esophageal injury and drug spillage, thus ensuring that each model animal receives an equal amount of prescribed herbal medicine to achieve accurate experimental results. Here, we provide a gavage protocol for the decoction formula of traditional Chinese medicine.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>143B cell line</td>
			<td>ATCC</td>
			<td>CRL-8303</td>
			<td>osteosarcoma cell line</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anesthesia machine</td>
			<td>Shenzhen RWD Life Technology Co.,Ltd</td>
			<td>R500IP</td>
			<td>The Equipment of Anesthesia mice</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Automatic cell counter</td>
			<td>Shanghai Simo Biological Technology Co., Ltd</td>
			<td>IC1000</td>
			<td>Counting cells</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BALB/c athymic mice</td>
			<td>Shanghai SLAC Laboratory Animal Co, Ltd.</td>
			<td>Male</td>
			<td>Animal</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Barbed skullcap herb</td>
			<td>Shanghai Yanghetang Traditional Chinese Medicine Tablet Co., Ltd.</td>
			<td>20230606</td>
			<td>Decoction-ready medicines&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Basement Membrane Matrix</td>
			<td>Shanghai Uning BioscienceTechnology Co., Ltd</td>
			<td>356234, BD, Matrigel</td>
			<td>re-suspende cells</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Centrifuge tube (15 mL)</td>
			<td>Shanghai YueNian Biotechnology Co., Ltd</td>
			<td>430790, Corning</td>
			<td>Centrifuge the cells</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Elbow gavage needle (12-gauge/ 55 mm)</td>
			<td>RWD Life Science Co., Ltd.</td>
			<td>C21014-12</td>
			<td>Component of gastric perfusion device</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gauze</td>
			<td>Haishi Hainuo Group Co., Ltd.</td>
			<td>LC45</td>
			<td>Decoction filter</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ginseng</td>
			<td>Shanghai Wanshicheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.</td>
			<td>20220704-2</td>
			<td>Decoction-ready medicines&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hedyotis diffusa</td>
			<td>Shanghai Yanghetang Traditional Chinese Medicine Tablet Co., Ltd.</td>
			<td>2023071107</td>
			<td>Decoction-ready medicines&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>isoflurane</td>
			<td>Shenzhen RWD Life Technology Co., Ltd</td>
			<td>VETEASY</td>
			<td>Anesthesia mice</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Micro-volume syringe</td>
			<td>Shanghai high pigeon industry and trade Co., Ltd</td>
			<td>0-50 &#956;L</td>
			<td>Inject precise cells into the tibia</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Phosphate-buffered saline</td>
			<td>Beyotime Biotechnology</td>
			<td>ST447</td>
			<td>wash the human osteosarcoma cells</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rubber bands</td>
			<td>Shanghai Hengfei Biotechnology Co., Ltd.</td>
			<td>XPJ</td>
			<td>Fixing gauze on the measuring cup</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Syringe (1 mL )</td>
			<td>Shanghai Mishawa Medical Industry Co., Ltd.</td>
			<td>SBM0040</td>
			<td>Component of gastric perfusion device</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Trypsin (0.25%)</td>
			<td>Shanghai YueNian Biotechnology Co., Ltd</td>
			<td>25200056, Gibco</td>
			<td>trypsin treatment of cells</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

gavage strategy for decoction formula of traditional chinese medicine in osteosarcoma model mice

Decoction formula is the most commonly used dosage form in traditional Chinese medicine and applied in clinical practice for thousands of years by trans-oral administration, which is characterized by quick effect, easy absorption, and individualized treatment based on the specific syndromes of patients. The quality of the decoction formula is directly responsible for the clinical efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine; therefore, the standardization process of the decoction formula is important to avoid differences in decoction quality caused by subjective factors. Meanwhile, due to the limitations of performing clinical experiments, small animals bearing human diseases, such as mice, are often used in medical research to explore the therapeutic efficacy and comprehensive mechanisms of different interventions, including the decoction formula for traditional Chinese medicine.&#160;Consequently, as an important trans-oral administration method, the skilled gavage technique is particularly important to avoid potential esophagus damage and drug spillage, which will ensure an equal amount of medicine being administered to each model animal, leading to accurate experimental results. Furthermore, the standardized method of decoction formula preparation and skilled gavage strategy are necessary to protect animal welfare and minimize the number of animals used. Here, we reported a detailed standardization process of the decoction formula and gavage technique with Yiqi Jiedu decoction in osteosarcoma mouse model as an example. The efficacy was evaluated by the tumor volume. This protocol will maximize animal protection and improve the reliability of research data, therefore providing effective strategies for future investigating therapeutic efficacy and molecular mechanisms of decoction formula for traditional Chinese medicine in vivo.

Author Spotlight: Standardized Herbal Decoction Protocol for Enhanced Animal Studies

Gavage Strategy for Decoction Formula of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Osteosarcoma Model Mice

This study provides a detailed and standardized protocol for about precaution preparation under gradual operation that's providing a reference for those in need. Our research ensures that each animal is dosed equally to produce accurate results. Our study aims to maximize the animal protection and improve the reliability of results from studies of about Decoction formulations.

The inhibitory effect of Yiqi Jiedu decoction on the growth of osteosarcoma in vivo was determined in an intra-tibial xenograft osteosarcoma mouse model, which was prepared by injecting the 143B osteosarcoma cells into the tibia of athymic mice. The Yiqi Jiedu decoction was administered to the mice of the Yiqi Jiedu decoction group by gavage for 28 days starting from the second day of the 143B injection. Physiological saline was given to the mice in the control group. All mice were euthanized after 28 days. The ...

The protocol provides a detailed standardization process of decoction formula and gavage technique with Yiqi Jiedu decoction in the osteosarcoma mouse model as an example. It describes animal protection and improves reliability of research data, providing effective strategies for investigating therapeutic efficacy and molecular mechanisms of decoction formulas in vivo.

Decoction formula is the most commonly used dosage form in traditional Chinese medicine and applied in clinical practice for thousands of years by ...

gavage-strategy-for-decoction-formula-traditional-chinese-medicine

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

355 ビュー.  Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. この研究は、段階的な運用下での予防措置の準備についての詳細で標準化されたプロトコルを提供し、必要としている人々に参考資料を提供しています。私たちの研究は、正確な結果を得るために、各動物が均等に投与されることを保証します。私たちの研究は、動物保護を最大化し、約の研究結果の信頼性を向上させることを目的としています 煎じ薬製剤。

ビデオ: 著者スポットライト:強化された動物研究のための標準化されたハーブ煎じ薬プロトコル

The protocol provides a detailed standardization process of decoction formula and gavage technique with Yiqi Jiedu decoction in the osteosarcoma mouse model as an example. It describes animal protection and improves reliability of research data, providing effective strategies for investigating therapeutic efficacy and molecular mechanisms of decoction formulas in...

https://cloudfront.jove.com/CDNSource/teasers/66177_b.jpg

effects of desmodium caudatum on gastrointestinal hormones and intestinal flora in rats with gastritis

Author Spotlight: Exploring the Mysteries of Sichuan&#039;s Herbal Medicine in Chinese Medicine Research

The present protocol describes the method for analyzing intestinal flora using Illumina-based 16S rRNA gene sequencing and provides a framework for evaluating the effectiveness of herbal...

&lt;i&gt;Desmodium caudatum &lt;/i&gt; Decoction&#039;s Impact on Intestinal Microbiota of Rats

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the effect of anti-fatigue decoction on the behaviors and serological indicators in a central fatigue rat model

Author Spotlight: Central Fatigue Management in Rats with Anti-Fatigue Decoction

Here, we introduce a protocol to assess the effects of anti-fatigue decoction (AFD) on central fatigue in rats modeled by the modified multiple platform method (MMPM) by monitoring both their behavioral responses and serological...

Assessing the Impact of Anti-Fatigue Decoction on Rat Central Fatigue

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preparation of herbal medicine: er-xian decoction and er-xian-containing serum for in vivo and in vitro experiments

Preparation of Herbal Medicine: Er-Xian Decoction and Er-Xian-containing Serum for In Vivo and In Vitro Experiments

Here, we present the preparation of an er-xian decoction (EXD) in four steps&#8212;soaking, decoction, filtration, and concentration&#8212;and demonstrate the administration of a prepared EXD-containing serum to rats. These methods are applicable to the in vivo and in vitro study of herbal decoctions such as traditional Chinese...

Preparation of Herbal Medicine: Er-Xian Decoction and Er-Xian-containing Serum for In Vivo and In Vitro Experiments

use of animal model of sepsis to evaluate novel herbal therapies

Use of Animal Model of Sepsis to Evaluate Novel Herbal Therapies

Sepsis refers to a systemic inflammatory response syndrome resulting from a microbial infection, and can be simulated by a surgical technique termed cecal ligation and puncture (CLP).  Here we describe a method to use CLP-induced animal model to screen medicinal herbs for therapeutic...

generating and analyzing high-parameter histology images with histoflow cytometry

Author Spotlight: Enhanced Multiplex Immunofluorescent Microscopy Protocol for Neuroscience Research

Described here is a method that can be used to image five or more fluorescent parameters by immunofluorescent microscopy. An analysis pipeline for extracting single cells from these images and conducting single-cell analysis through flow cytometry-like gating strategies is outlined, which can identify cell subsets in tissue...

Immunofluorescent Microscopy and Analysis for High-Parameter Tissue Imaging

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a standardized protocol for preference testing to assess fish welfare

A Standardized Protocol for Preference Testing to Assess Fish Welfare

A fundamental aspect of assessing the welfare of animals in captivity is to ask whether the animals have what they want. Here, we present a protocol to determine housing preference in the zebrafish (Danio rerio) with respect to the presence/absence of environmental enrichment and access to flowing of...

use of micropipette-guided drug administration as an alternative method to oral gavage in rodent models

Author Spotlight: Advancing Animal Research with Less Invasive Drug Administration

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Reducing Research Animal Stress with Micropipette-Guided Drug Administration

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a validatable droplet digital polymerase chain reaction assay for the detection of adeno-associated viral vectors in bioshedding studies of tears

Author Spotlight: Addressing Regulatory Gaps in Molecular Studies by Quantifying Viral Vectors in Complex Matrices 

Here, we present a protocol for the development and validation of good laboratory practices in the compliant detection of adeno-associated viral vectors in human tears by droplet digital polymerase chain reaction in support of clinical development of gene therapy vectors.

Quantification of Viral Vectors in Tears Using ddPCR for Bioshedding Studies

scalable nanohelices for predictive studies and enhanced 3d visualization

Scalable Nanohelices for Predictive Studies and Enhanced 3D Visualization

Accurate modeling of nanohelical structures is important for predictive simulation studies leading to novel nanotechnology applications.&#160; Currently, software packages and codes are limited in creating atomistic helical models.&#160; We present two procedures designed to create atomistic nanohelical models for simulations, and a graphical interface to enhance research through...

unveiling therapeutic opportunities with melanoma patient-derived organoid models

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Patient-Derived Melanoma Organoids: A Frontier in Cancer Immunotherapy

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automated interactive video playback for studies of animal communication

Automated Interactive Video Playback for Studies of Animal Communication

Video playback is a widely used technique in animal behavior. We created and evaluated a program that applies rules-based, interactive playback of 3-D computer animations in response to real-time, automated data on subject...

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The liquid biopsy has revolutionized our approach to oncology translational studies, with sample collection, quality, and storage being crucial steps for its successful clinical application. Here we describe a standardized and validated protocol for downstream circulating-free DNA applications that can be applied in most translational research...

the antihypertensive effects and mechanisms of huotan jiedu tongluo decoction in rats with h-type hypertension

Author Spotlight: Exploring Huotan Jiedu Tongluo Decoction as an Antihypertensive Drug

Here, we present a protocol to induce H-type hypertension and evaluate the antihypertensive effects of Huotan Jiedu Tongluo decoction (HTJDTLD) administered intragastrically. In rats with H-type hypertension, HTJDTLD had effective antihypertensive effects, possibly associated with inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced apoptosis pathway activation.

Antihypertensive Effects of Huotan Jiedu Tongluo in H-Type Hypertensive Rats

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workflow and framework for collecting and implementing point-of-care ultrasound data in the management of heart failure patients 

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improved hysteroscopic resection of endometrial polyps using 6-fr micro-scissors and forceps

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novel quantification protocol for cardiovascular calcification progression using longitudinal micropet/microct images

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detecting sars-cov-2 virus by reverse transcription-loop-mediated isothermal amplification

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