We acknowledge Dr. Kalidas Kohale and his team for the maintenance of the fish facility and KV Boby for the maintenance of the light sheet microscope. SRN acknowledges financial support from the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE), Govt. of India (Project Identification no. RTI4003, DAE OM no. 1303/2/2019/R\&#38;D-II/DAE/2079 dated 11.02.2020), the Max Planck Society Partner Group program (M.PG.A MOZG0010) and the Science and Engineering Research Board Start-up Research Grant (SRG/2023/001716).

The zebrafish maintenance and experimental procedures used in this study were approved by the institutional animal ethics committee, vide Reference TIFR/IAEC/2023-1 and TIFR/IAEC/2023-5. Embryos obtained by crossing heterozygous fish expressing Tg(actb2:GFP-Hsa.UTRN)19&#160;were injected with H2A-mCherry mRNA (30 pg) at the one-cell stage. H2A-mCherry mRNA was synthesized using the pCS2+ H2A-mCherry plasmid (a gift from the Oates lab, EPFL) by in vitro transcription. Embryos expr...

Refined Multiview Light Sheet Microscopy Protocol for Zebrafish Embryos

<ol>
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C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Left-right+symmetry+of+zebrafish+embryos+requires+somite+surface+tension.">Left-right symmetry of zebrafish embryos requires somite surface tension.</a> Nature. 605 (7910), 516-521 (2022).</li><li>Shah, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Multi-scale+imaging+and+analysis+identify+pan-embryo+cell+dynamics+of+germlayer+formation+in+zebrafish.">Multi-scale imaging and analysis identify pan-embryo cell dynamics of germlayer formation in zebrafish.</a> Nat Commun. 10 (1), 5753 (2019).</li><li>Schindelin, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fiji:+An+open-source+platform+for+biological-image+analysis.">Fiji: An open-source platform for biological-image analysis.</a> Nat Methods. 9 (7), 676-682 (2012).</li><li>H&#246;rl, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=BigStitcher:+Reconstructing+high-resolution+image+datasets+of+cleared+and+expanded+samples.">BigStitcher: Reconstructing high-resolution image datasets of cleared and expanded samples.</a> Nat Methods. 16 (9), 870-874 (2019).</li><li>Behrndt, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Forces+driving+epithelial+spreading+in+zebrafish+gastrulation.">Forces driving epithelial spreading in zebrafish gastrulation.</a> Science. 338 (6104), 257-260 (2012).</li><li>Westerfield, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> The Zebrafish Book: A Guide for the Laboratory Use of Zebrafish (Danio Rerio). , (2000).</li><li>Icha, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Using+light+sheet+fluorescence+microscopy+to+image+zebrafish+eye+development.">Using light sheet fluorescence microscopy to image zebrafish eye development.</a> J Vis Exp. 110, e53966 (2016).</li><li>Tomer, R., Khairy, K., Amat, F., Keller, P. 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Positioning an embryo in the right orientation to image the region of interest is one of the rate-limiting steps that often results in a failed microscopy session for a user. This is more so in a multiview light sheet microscope where manual manipulation of the orientation is difficult as the samples are embedded within a tube. To aid in this process, this study reports the statistics of various positions a zebrafish embryo takes up between 70% epiboly and early somite stages within a chorion when the polymer tube with e...

Ensuring minimal phototoxicity is a major requirement for imaging live embryos with high spatiotemporal resolution for long periods. Over the last decade, light sheet microscopy has become the methodology of choice to meet this requirement1,2,3,4,5,6,7. Briefly, in this technique that was first used in 2004 to capture developmental processes8, two aligned thin sheets of laser pass through the embryo from opposing ends, illuminating only the plane of interest. A detection objective is placed orthogonally, and then the emitted fluorescent light from all illuminated points in the sample is collected simultaneously. A 3D image is then obtained by sequentially moving the embryo through the static light sheet.
In addition, in a specific form of this methodology, termed multiview light sheet microscopy, the samples can be suspended in a polymer tube that can be rotated using a rotor, enabling imaging of the same embryo from multiple angles9,10,11. Following imaging, the images from multiple angles are fused based on registration markers, which are typically globular fluorescent markers within the embryo (e.g., nuclei) or in the tube (e.g., fluorescent beads). Multiview imaging and fusion significantly improve the axial resolution, providing isotropic resolution across all three dimensions12. While this is a big advantage, a major challenge of multiview methodology is sample mounting, where embryos have to be mounted and kept in place in the tubes during the entire time course of imaging.
For performing multiview imaging, to keep the embryos in place and prevent movement while imaging, embryos can be embedded in agarose. However, this often leads to detrimental growth and development, particularly for early-stage zebrafish embryos13, the model system that is discussed here. A second mounting strategy is to use a thin tube that is only slightly bigger than the diameter of the embryo, where the embryo can be pulled into the tube along with the embryo medium, followed by closing the bottom of the tube with an agarose plug14. In this method, because the tube is filled with embryo medium, registration markers such as fluorescent beads cannot be used for the fusion of the different views, and registration is therefore reliant on markers within the embryo. In general, beads act as better registration markers as the signal of the markers within the embryo degrades upon moving deeper into the sample owing to both illumination and detection limitations of any microscope.
Thus, a third approach, which will be detailed here and used previously5,13,14,15,16, is imaging early zebrafish embryos with an intact chorion and filling the tube with a minimal percentage of agarose, which contains beads as registration markers. In this scenario, because manual intervention for positioning embryos within a chorion is not possible, this study provides statistics on the default orientation early zebrafish embryos fall into, particularly focusing on 70% epiboly and bud stages. It then discusses the optimal number of views required for imaging early-stage embryos at cellular-scale resolution and details the process of fusion using BigStitcher, a FIJI-based plugin10,17,18. Together, this protocol, which uses a 20x/1 NA objective, aims to facilitate zebrafish embryologists in using multiview light sheet systems for imaging embryos with nuclei and membrane markers from gastrulation to early somite stages.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Agarose, low gelling temperature</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>A9414</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Calcium Chloride dihydrate</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>12022</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>FIJI</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Version: ImageJ 1.54f</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Latex beads, carboxylate-modified polystyrene, fluorescent red, 0.5 &#956;m mean particle size, aqueous suspension</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>L3280</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Magnesium sulfate heptahydrate</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>M2773</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>mMESSAGE mMACHINE SP6 Transcription kit</td>
			<td>ThermoFischer Scientific</td>
			<td>AM1340</td>
			<td>For in vitro transccription of H2A-mCherry plasmid</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Potassium Chhloride</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>P9541</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Potassium phosphate monobasic</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>P0662</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PTFE Sleeving AWG 15L - 1.58 mm ID x 0.15 mm Wall +/-0.05&#160;</td>
			<td>Adtech Innovations in Fluoroplastics</td>
			<td>STW15</td>
			<td>PTFE tubes</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium Chloride</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>S3014</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium phosphate dibasic</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>71640</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ultrasonic Cleaner</td>
			<td>Labman</td>
			<td>LMUC3</td>
			<td>Ultrasonicator</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Zeiss LightSheet 7 System</td>
			<td>Zeiss</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

light sheet microscopy imaging and mounting strategies for early zebrafish embryos

Light sheet microscopy has become the methodology of choice for live imaging of zebrafish embryos over long time scales with minimal phototoxicity. In particular, a multiview system, which allows sample rotation, enables imaging of entire embryos from different angles. However, in most imaging sessions with a multiview system, sample mounting is a troublesome process as samples are usually prepared in a polymer tube. To aid in this process, this protocol describes basic mounting strategies for imaging early zebrafish development between the 70% epiboly and early somite stages. Specifically, the study provides statistics on the various positions the embryos default to at the 70% epiboly and bud stages within the chorion. Furthermore, it discusses the optimum number of angles and the interval between angles required for imaging whole zebrafish embryos at the early stages of development so that cellular-scale information can be extracted by fusing the different views. Finally, since the embryo covers the entire field of view of the camera, which is required to obtain a cellular-scale resolution, this protocol details the process of using bead information from above or below the embryo for the registration of the different views.

Author Spotlight: Strategies for Mounting Zebrafish Embryos for High-Resolution Multiview Light-Sheet Microscopy &#8212; Techniques for Imaging and Image Reconstruction

Light Sheet Microscopy Imaging and Mounting Strategies for Early Zebrafish Embryos

Despite internal asymmetries along the left-right axis, in most higher organisms, external structures such as skeleton and muscle develop in a symmetric manner. Using zebrafish embryos, we combine high-resolution live imaging, quantitative analysis, and theoretical modeling to investigate the principles of symmetry establishment. The field heavily depends on various microscopy techniques for imaging developing embryos with high spatiotemporal resolution, followed by quantitative analysis of the acquired images.Different forms of microscopy provide unique advantages. However, of late, light-sheet and live super-resolution microscopy have significantly advanced our view of dynamic processes in embryonic development. Traditional confocal and multiphoton microscopy often lead to photobleaching and phototoxicity, in addition to a limited field of view when imaging live embryos.A multiview light-sheet microscope addresses these issues, allowing for longer observation times and sample rotation. However, challenges remain in sample preparation and mounting for imaging using this technique. A major limitation of a successful imaging session is mounting and orienting the sample appropriately.Here we describe strategies to mount early zebrafish embryos for imaging in a multiview light-sheet microscope and the general procedure for acquiring and reconstructing multiview images.

Orienting the sample in a precise manner is a vital part of efficiently using a microscopy set-up. However, manually orienting samples is often not possible when using a multiview light sheet system, given the requirement for preparing the samples in a tube. Therefore, to check if there are stereotypical positions that embryos take up within the chorion, zebrafish embryos were imaged at 70% epiboly (about 7 h post-fertilization (hpf)), since time-lapse imaging from gastrulation to early somite stages was the focus of thi...

A sample preparation strategy for imaging early zebrafish embryos within an intact chorion using a light-sheet microscope is described. It analyzes the different orientations that embryos acquire within the chorion at the 70% epiboly and bud stages and details imaging strategies for obtaining cellular-scale resolution throughout the embryo using the light-sheet system.

Light sheet microscopy has become the methodology of choice for live imaging of zebrafish embryos over long time scales with minimal phototoxicity. In ...

light-sheet-microscopy-imaging-mounting-strategies-for-early

Research

JoVE Journal

Developmental Biology

269 ビュー.  Tata Institute of Fundamental Research. 左右軸に沿った内部非対称性にもかかわらず、ほとんどの高等生物では、骨格や筋肉などの外部構造が対称的に発達します。ゼブラフィッシュの胚を用いて、高解像度のライブイメージング、定量解析、理論モデリングを組み合わせ、対称性確立の原理を探ります。この分野は、高い時空間分解能で発生中の胚をイメージングし、その後取得し?...