Core - Pharmacology

Chapter 9

Cardiovascular Drugs: Antihypertensive Drugs

9.1 : Cardiovascular Drugs: Classification based on Therapeutic Indications

9.1 : Cardiovascular Drugs: Classification based on Therapeutic Indications

Cardiovascular diseases, encompassing a range of conditions, can significantly affect the heart's operations and the overall circulatory system. These ...

9.2 : Hypertension and Regulation of Blood Pressure

9.2 : Hypertension and Regulation of Blood Pressure

Hypertension, the most common cardiovascular disease, is diagnosed through repeated measurements of elevated blood pressure. Its risks, including damage ...

9.3 : Antihypertensive Drugs: Action of Diuretics

9.3 : Antihypertensive Drugs: Action of Diuretics

Diuretics are antihypertensive drugs used to treat hypertension resulting from sodium and water retention. Sodium, vital for fluid balance and nerve or ...

9.4 : Antihypertensive Drugs: Thiazide-Class Diuretics

9.4 : Antihypertensive Drugs: Thiazide-Class Diuretics

Thiazide diuretics are sulfonamide derivatives featuring a benzothiadiazine ring system in their molecular structure. Based on this structure, thiazide ...

9.5 : Antihypertensive Drugs: Potassium-Sparing Diuretics

9.5 : Antihypertensive Drugs: Potassium-Sparing Diuretics

Liddle syndrome is a genetically inherited form of hypertension characterized by the overactivity of epithelial sodium channels in the nephron, the ...

9.6 : Antihypertensive Drugs: Action of β<sub>1</sub> Blockers

9.6 : Antihypertensive Drugs: Action of β₁ Blockers

β1-receptors are primarily located in the heart and kidneys. In cardiac myocytes, these receptors interact with neurotransmitters released by the ...

9.7 : Antihypertensive Drugs: Types of β-Blockers

9.7 : Antihypertensive Drugs: Types of β-Blockers

β receptors are classified into three subclasses: β1, β2, and β3. β1 receptors are primarily located in the heart and kidneys. ...

9.8 : Antihypertensive Drugs: Action of Calcium Channel Blockers

9.8 : Antihypertensive Drugs: Action of Calcium Channel Blockers

Calcium ions are essential to contract smooth muscle cells in blood vessels. They enter these cells through voltage-dependent calcium channels, ...

9.9 : Antihypertensive Drugs: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors

9.9 : Antihypertensive Drugs: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), a vital component of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, is abundant in lung endothelial cells. ACE converts ...

9.10 : Antihypertensive Drugs: Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers

9.10 : Antihypertensive Drugs: Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers

In the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, a hormone called angiotensin II plays a crucial role. It binds to the AT1 receptors in vascular smooth ...

9.11 : Antihypertensive Drugs: Direct Renin Inhibitors

9.11 : Antihypertensive Drugs: Direct Renin Inhibitors

The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is an intricate physiological pathway involving numerous enzymes and hormones, including renin, ...

9.12 : Antihypertensive Drugs: Vasodilators

9.12 : Antihypertensive Drugs: Vasodilators

Vasodilators, primarily affecting the smooth muscles within arterial and venous walls, are commonly used for hypertension treatment. Medications such as ...

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