This project was funded by the German Research Association (grant HE 4578/3-1) and partially by the FP7 EU-Project &#x201C;GAMBA&#x201D; NMP3-SL-2010-245993.

A. Preparation of a Donor Rabbit for the Isolation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells (Surgery Room)
<ol>
	<li>Cells are isolated from male New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits at age of 4 months and approximately 3 kg body weight.</li>
	<li>Induce anesthesia by propofol (10 mg/kg body weight i.v.) and sacrifice with sodium pentobarbital (100 mg/kg body weight i.v.).</li>
	<li>Shave fur from hind limbs, back and belly with an electric clipper and vacuum the fur.</li>
	<li>Disinfect the shaved area thoroughly with 70% ethanol.</li>
	...

<ol>
	<li>Kon, E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Novel+nano-composite+multilayered+biomaterial+for+osteochondral+regeneration:+a+pilot+clinical+trial.">Novel nano-composite multilayered biomaterial for osteochondral regeneration: a pilot clinical trial.</a> The American Journal of Sports Medicine. 39, 1180-1190 (2011).</li><li>Kon, E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Orderly+osteochondral+regeneration+in+a+sheep+model+using+a+novel+nano-composite+multilayered+biomaterial.">Orderly osteochondral regeneration in a sheep model using a novel nano-composite multilayered biomaterial.</a> Journal of Orthopaedic Research: Official Publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society. 28, 116-124 (2010).</li><li>Hangody, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Autologous+osteochondral+grafting--technique+and+long-term+results.">Autologous osteochondral grafting--technique and long-term results.</a> Injury. 39, 32-39 (2008).</li><li>Marcacci, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Arthroscopic+autologous+osteochondral+grafting+for+cartilage+defects+of+the+knee:+prospective+study+results+at+a+minimum+7-year+follow-up.">Arthroscopic autologous osteochondral grafting for cartilage defects of the knee: prospective study results at a minimum 7-year follow-up.</a> The American Journal of Sports Medicine. 35, 2014-2021 (2007).</li><li>Ochs, B. G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Remodeling+of+articular+cartilage+and+subchondral+bone+after+bone+grafting+and+matrix-associated+autologous+chondrocyte+implantation+for+osteochondritis+dissecans+of+the+knee.">Remodeling of articular cartilage and subchondral bone after bone grafting and matrix-associated autologous chondrocyte implantation for osteochondritis dissecans of the knee.</a> The American Journal of Sports Medicine. 39, 764-773 (2011).</li><li>Aurich, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Autologous+chondrocyte+transplantation+by+the+sandwich+technique.+A+salvage+procedure+for+osteochondritis+dissecans+of+the+knee.">Autologous chondrocyte transplantation by the sandwich technique. A salvage procedure for osteochondritis dissecans of the knee.</a> Unfallchirurg. 110, 176-179 (2007).</li><li>Williams, R. J., Ranawat, A. S., Potter, H. G., Carter, T., Warren, R. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fresh+stored+allografts+for+the+treatment+of+osteochondral+defects+of+the+knee.">Fresh stored allografts for the treatment of osteochondral defects of the knee.</a> The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume. 89, 718-726 (2007).</li><li>Szerb, I., Hangody, L., Duska, Z., Kaposi, N. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mosaicplasty:+long-term+follow-up.">Mosaicplasty: long-term follow-up.</a> Bull. Hosp. Jt. Dis. 63, 54-62 (2005).</li><li>Brittberg, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Treatment+of+deep+cartilage+defects+in+the+knee+with+autologous+chondrocyte+transplantation.">Treatment of deep cartilage defects in the knee with autologous chondrocyte transplantation.</a> N. Engl. J. Med. 331, 889-895 (1994).</li><li>Peterson, L., Vasiliadis, H. S., Brittberg, M., Lindahl, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Autologous+chondrocyte+implantation:+a+long-term+follow-up.">Autologous chondrocyte implantation: a long-term follow-up.</a> Am. J. Sports Med. 38, 1117-1124 (2010).</li><li>Gomoll, A. H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+subchondral+bone+in+articular+cartilage+repair:+current+problems+in+the+surgical+management.">The subchondral bone in articular cartilage repair: current problems in the surgical management.</a> Knee Surg. Sports Traumatol. Arthrosc. 18, 434-447 (2010).</li><li>Steinhagen, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Treatment+of+osteochondritis+dissecans+of+the+femoral+condyle+with+autologous+bone+grafts+and+matrix-supported+autologous+chondrocytes.">Treatment of osteochondritis dissecans of the femoral condyle with autologous bone grafts and matrix-supported autologous chondrocytes.</a> Int. Orthop. 34, 819-825 (2010).</li><li>Guo, X., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Repair+of+large+articular+cartilage+defects+with+implants+of+autologous+mesenchymal+stem+cells+seeded+into+beta-tricalcium+phosphate+in+a+sheep+model.">Repair of large articular cartilage defects with implants of autologous mesenchymal stem cells seeded into beta-tricalcium phosphate in a sheep model.</a> Tissue Eng. 10, 1818-1829 (2004).</li><li>Centeno, C. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Increased+knee+cartilage+volume+in+degenerative+joint+disease+using+percutaneously+implanted,+autologous+mesenchymal+stem+cells.">Increased knee cartilage volume in degenerative joint disease using percutaneously implanted, autologous mesenchymal stem cells.</a> Pain Physician. 11, 343-353 (2008).</li><li>Niederauer, G. G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Evaluation+of+multiphase+implants+for+repair+of+focal+osteochondral+defects+in+goats.">Evaluation of multiphase implants for repair of focal osteochondral defects in goats.</a> Biomaterials. 21, 2561-2574 (2000).</li><li>Nagura, I., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Repair+of+osteochondral+defects+with+a+new+porous+synthetic+polymer+scaffold.">Repair of osteochondral defects with a new porous synthetic polymer scaffold.</a> J. Bone. Joint Surg. Br. 89, 258-264 (2007).</li><li>Schlichting, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Influence+of+scaffold+stiffness+on+subchondral+bone+and+subsequent+cartilage+regeneration+in+an+ovine+model+of+osteochondral+defect+healing.">Influence of scaffold stiffness on subchondral bone and subsequent cartilage regeneration in an ovine model of osteochondral defect healing.</a> The American Journal of Sports Medicine. 36, 2379-2391 (2008).</li><li>Schagemann, J. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cell-laden+and+cell-free+biopolymer+hydrogel+for+the+treatment+of+osteochondral+defects+in+a+sheep+model.">Cell-laden and cell-free biopolymer hydrogel for the treatment of osteochondral defects in a sheep model.</a> Tissue Engineering. Part A. 15, 75-82 (2009).</li><li>Vogt, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+influence+of+the+stable+expression+of+BMP2+in+fibrin+clots+on+the+remodelling+and+repair+of+osteochondral+defects.">The influence of the stable expression of BMP2 in fibrin clots on the remodelling and repair of osteochondral defects.</a> Biomaterials. 30, 2385-2392 (2009).</li><li>Schillinger, U., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+fibrin+glue+composition+as+carrier+for+nucleic+acid+vectors.">A fibrin glue composition as carrier for nucleic acid vectors.</a> Pharm. Res. 25, 2946-2962 (2008).</li><li>Ahmed, T. A., Giulivi, A., Griffith, M., Hincke, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fibrin+glues+in+combination+with+mesenchymal+stem+cells+to+develop+a+tissue-engineered+cartilage+substitute.">Fibrin glues in combination with mesenchymal stem cells to develop a tissue-engineered cartilage substitute.</a> Tissue Engineering. Part A. 17, 323-335 (2011).</li><li>Haleem, A. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+Clinical+Use+of+Human+Culture-Expanded+Autologous+Bone+Marrow+Mesenchymal+Stem+Cells+Transplanted+on+Platelet-Rich+Fibrin+Glue+in+the+Treatment+of+Articular+Cartilage+Defects:+A+Pilot+Study+and+Preliminary+Results.">The Clinical Use of Human Culture-Expanded Autologous Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Transplanted on Platelet-Rich Fibrin Glue in the Treatment of Articular Cartilage Defects: A Pilot Study and Preliminary Results.</a> Cartilage. 1, 253-261 (2010).</li><li>Pape, D., Filardo, G., Kon, E., van Dijk, C. N., Madry, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Disease-specific+clinical+problems+associated+with+the+subchondral+bone.">Disease-specific clinical problems associated with the subchondral bone.</a> Knee Surg Sports Traumatol. Arthrosc. 18, 448-462 (2010).</li><li>Shirazi, R., Shirazi-Adl, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Computational+biomechanics+of+articular+cartilage+of+human+knee+joint:+effect+of+osteochondral+defects.">Computational biomechanics of articular cartilage of human knee joint: effect of osteochondral defects.</a> Journal of Biomechanics. 42, 2458-2465 (2009).</li><li>Jorgensen, C., Gordeladze, J., Noel, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tissue+Engineering+through+autologous+mesenchymal+stem+cells.">Tissue Engineering through autologous mesenchymal stem cells.</a> Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 15, 406-410 (2004).</li><li>Chen, F. H., Tuan, R. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mesenchymal+stem+cells+in+arthritic+diseases.">Mesenchymal stem cells in arthritic diseases.</a> Arthritis Res. Ther. 10, 223 (2008).</li><li>Le Blanc, K., Tammik, C., Rosendahl, K., Zetterberg, E., Ringden, O. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=HLA+expression+and+immunologic+properties+of+differentiated+and+undifferentiated+mesenchymal+stem+cells.">HLA expression and immunologic properties of differentiated and undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells.</a> Exp. Hematol. 31, 890-896 (2003).</li></ol>

In recent years, the possibility of treating complex articular osteochondral defects - such as those resulting from osteochondritis dissecans, osteonecrosis and trauma - with Tissue Engineering approaches became more and more attractive. In the previously mentioned pathologic entities, tissue damage extends to the subchondral bone and involves two tissues characterized by different intrinsic healing capacities 1. There is an increasing interest in the role of subchondral bone for the pathogenic processes of os...

<table border="1">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Name of reagent/equipment</td>
			<td>Company</td>
			<td>Catalogue Number</td>
			<td>Comments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DMEM</td>
			<td>Biochrom AG</td>
			<td>F 0415</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>FCS</td>
			<td>PAN Biotech GmbH</td>
			<td>0401</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Propofol</td>
			<td>Fresenius Kabi</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Penicillin/Streptomycin</td>
			<td>Biochrom AG</td>
			<td>A 2210</td>
			<td>1,000 units/10 &mu;g/&mu;l in 0.9% NaCl</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PBS Dulbecco (1X)</td>
			<td>Biochrom AG</td>
			<td>L1815</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ethanol (70%)</td>
			<td>Merck KGaA</td>
			<td>410230</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Trypan Blue Solution (0.4%)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>T8154</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Biocoll Separation Sol.</td>
			<td>Biochrom AG</td>
			<td>L6115</td>
			<td>Isotonic solution Density: 1,077 g/ml</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Trypsin-EDTA 0.05%</td>
			<td>Invitrogen GmbH</td>
			<td>25300-054</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fentanyl</td>
			<td>DeltaSelectGmBH</td>
			<td>1819340</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NaCl solution (0.9%)</td>
			<td>BBraun</td>
			<td>8333A193</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Syringes (Injekt)</td>
			<td>BBraun</td>
			<td>4606108V</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Needles (Sterican)</td>
			<td>BBraun</td>
			<td>4657519</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Forceps (blunt/sharp)</td>
			<td>Aesculap</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Scissors</td>
			<td>Aesculap</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Scalpels</td>
			<td>Feather Safety Razor Co</td>
			<td>02.001.30.022</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pipettes research</td>
			<td>Eppendorf</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bone Cutter</td>
			<td>Aesculap</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tissue culture dishes 100 mm/150 mm</td>
			<td>TPP AG</td>
			<td>93100/93150</td>
			<td>Growth area 60.1 mm2/147.8 mm2</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tissue culture flasks 25/75 mm2</td>
			<td>TPP AG</td>
			<td>90025/90075</td>
			<td>25 mm2, 75 mm2</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Centrifuge Tubes (50 ml)</td>
			<td>TPP AG</td>
			<td>91050</td>
			<td>Gamma-sterilized</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CO2 Incubator</td>
			<td>Forma Scientific Inc.</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cell culture laminar flow hood Hera Safe</td>
			<td>Heraeus Instruments</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sterile saw</td>
			<td>Aesculap</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Centrifuge Megafuge 2.0 R</td>
			<td>Heraeus Instruments</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hemocytometer</td>
			<td>Brand GmbH+Co KG</td>
			<td>717810</td>
			<td>Neubauer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Air operated power drill</td>
			<td>Aesculap</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>TISSUCOL-Kit 1.0 ml Immuno</td>
			<td>Baxter</td>
			<td>2546648</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fibers (4-0 Monocryl, 4-0 Vicryl)</td>
			<td>Ethicon</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Spray dressing (OpSite)</td>
			<td>Smith&amp;Nephew</td>
			<td>66004978</td>
			<td>Permeable for water vapor</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

treatment of osteochondral defects in the rabbit's knee joint by implantation of allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells in fibrin clots

The treatment of osteochondral articular defects has been challenging physicians for many years. The better understanding of interactions of articular cartilage and subchondral bone in recent years led to increased attention to restoration of the entire osteochondral unit. In comparison to chondral lesions the regeneration of osteochondral defects is much more complex and a far greater surgical and therapeutic challenge. The damaged tissue does not only include the superficial cartilage layer but also the subchondral bone. For deep, osteochondral damage, as it occurs for example with osteochondrosis dissecans, the full thickness of the defect needs to be replaced to restore the joint surface 1. Eligible therapeutic procedures have to consider these two different tissues with their different intrinsic healing potential 2. In the last decades, several surgical treatment options have emerged and have already been clinically established 3-6.
Autologous or allogeneic osteochondral transplants consist of articular cartilage and subchondral bone and allow the replacement of the entire osteochondral unit. The defects are filled with cylindrical osteochondral grafts that aim to provide a congruent hyaline cartilage covered surface 3,7,8. Disadvantages are the limited amount of available grafts, donor site morbidity (for autologous transplants) and the incongruence of the surface; thereby the application of this method is especially limited for large defects.
New approaches in the field of tissue engineering opened up promising possibilities for regenerative osteochondral therapy. The implantation of autologous chondrocytes marked the first cell based biological approach for the treatment of full-thickness cartilage lesions and is now worldwide established with good clinical results even 10 to 20 years after implantation 9,10. However, to date, this technique is not suitable for the treatment of all types of lesions such as deep defects involving the subchondral bone 11.
The sandwich-technique combines bone grafting with current approaches in Tissue Engineering 5,6. This combination seems to be able to overcome the limitations seen in osteochondral grafts alone. After autologous bone grafting to the subchondral defect area, a membrane seeded with autologous chondrocytes is sutured above and facilitates to match the topology of the graft with the injured site. Of course, the previous bone reconstruction needs additional surgical time and often even an additional surgery. Moreover, to date, long-term data is missing 12.
Tissue Engineering without additional bone grafting aims to restore the complex structure and properties of native articular cartilage by chondrogenic and osteogenic potential of the transplanted cells. However, again, it is usually only the cartilage tissue that is more or less regenerated. Additional osteochondral damage needs a specific further treatment. In order to achieve a regeneration of the multilayered structure of osteochondral defects, three-dimensional tissue engineered products seeded with autologous/allogeneic cells might provide a good regeneration capacity 11.
Beside autologous chondrocytes, mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) seem to be an attractive alternative for the development of a full-thickness cartilage tissue. In numerous preclinical in vitro and in vivo studies, mesenchymal stem cells have displayed excellent tissue regeneration potential 13,14. The important advantage of mesenchymal stem cells especially for the treatment of osteochondral defects is that they have the capacity to differentiate in osteocytes as well as chondrocytes. Therefore, they potentially allow a multilayered regeneration of the defect.
In recent years, several scaffolds with osteochondral regenerative potential have therefore been developed and evaluated with promising preliminary results 1,15-18. Furthermore, fibrin glue as a cell carrier became one of the preferred techniques in experimental cartilage repair and has already successfully been used in several animal studies 19-21 and even first human trials 22.
The following protocol will demonstrate an experimental technique for isolating mesenchymal stem cells from a rabbit's bone marrow, for subsequent proliferation in cell culture and for preparing a standardized in vitro-model for fibrin-cell-clots. Finally, a technique for the implantation of pre-established fibrin-cell-clots into artificial osteochondral defects of the rabbit's knee joint will be described.

The described surgical technique permits a successful isolation and implantation of allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells into an artificial osteochondral defect. The experimental setup resulted in a successful integration of the implant into the surrounding cartilage.
The defect was filled by repair tissue with similar biomechanical properties and similar durability compared to the surrounding cartilage. The fibrin-cell-clot was prepared in vitro on a sterile plate with pre-drilled holes...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Treatment of Osteochondral Defects in the Rabbit's Knee Joint by Implantation of Allogeneic Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Fibrin Clots at JoVE.com

Treatment of Osteochondral Defects in the Rabbit&#039;s Knee Joint by Implantation of Allogeneic Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Fibrin Clots

An experimental technique for the treatment of osteochondral defects in the rabbit's knee joint is described. The implantation of allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells into osteochondral defects provides a promising development in the field of tissue engineering. The preparation of fibrin-cell-clots in vitro offers a standardized method for implantation.

Treatment of Osteochondral Defects in the Rabbit's Knee Joint by Implantation of Allogeneic Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Fibrin Clots

The treatment of osteochondral articular defects has been challenging physicians for many years. The better understanding of interactions of articular ...

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17.3K 조회수.  Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München. 토끼의 무릎 관절 연골 결손의 치료를위한 실험 기법을 설명합니다. 연골 결손에 동종 간엽 줄기 세포의 이식은 조직 공학 분야의 유망한 개발을 제공합니다. 섬유소 세포 혈전의 준비 체외에서 주입하기위한 표준화 된 방법을 제공합니다.