이 프로젝트는 독일 연구 협회 (DFG, HE 4578/3-1)에 의해 재정 지원되었다.

A. 연골 생검 (수술 룸, 비 무균 준비실에서 1-5 단계) <ol><li> 적절하게 투여 약물 수와 수술 이후의 체중을 모니터링하기 위해 토끼 (6 개월 뉴질랜드 화이트 토끼, 여성, 3.5-4.0 kg 체중)의 최종 체중 조절을 수행합니다. </li><li> 10 ㎎ / ㎏ 프로포폴의 정맥 주사하여 토끼에 마취를 유도. </li><li> 삽관 후 1.5 ㎎ / ㎏ / 분 프로포폴과 정맥 0.05 ㎎ / ㎏ 펜타닐로 마취를 유지합니다. 호 기말 이산화탄소 분압, 산소 포화도와 맥박수를 사용하여 마취를 모니터링합니다. </li><li> 전기 어선 및 진공 모피에서 운영되는 무릎을 면도. </li><li> 철저하게 면도 무릎을 소독 및 멸균 드레싱 토끼의 나머지 부분을 커버한다. </li><li> 슬개골을 만져 및 슬개골의 내측 피부 절개를 수행합니다. </li><li> 무균 조건 하에서 중간 parapatellar arthrotomy하여 무릎 관절을 엽니 다. 어떤 작은 스와 절단 피하려고perficial 혈관. </li><li> 옆으로 슬개골을 치환. </li><li> 어떤 이상과 거시적 연골 병변 무릎 관절을 검사합니다. </li><li> 조심스럽게 멸균 메스 (그림 1) 활차 ossis 대퇴의 밖으로 작은 연골 조각 (2-3 ㎜) 껍질. </li><li> 즉시 완료 배지로 50 ML 튜브에 이러한 연골 조직 검사를 배치 (DMEM + 10 % 소 태아 혈청 (FCS) + 1 % 페니실린 / 스트렙토 마이신 (펜 / Strep의)가) 수술 후 체외 배양 오른쪽을 계속합니다. </li><li> 결함을 청소하고 멸균 생리 식염수로 헹구어. </li><li> 활차 홈에서 슬개골의 위치를​​ 변경. </li><li> 하나의 버튼 봉합사 (4-0 Vicryl)와 지속적인 피부 봉합 (4-0 Monocryl)와 레이어 상처 폐쇄. 흡수성 봉합사를 사용합니다. </li><li> 마지막으로, 수증기 침투성 드레싱 스프레이로 상처를 밀봉하십시오. </li></ol> 체외 배양 B. <ol><li> 생검 C를 처리가능한 한 빨리 멸균 층류 조직 문화 후드에서 수술 후 artilage 조각. </li><li> RT에서 3 분 500 XG에서 다음 원심 분리와 PBS의 멸균 수확 연골 배를 씻으십시오. </li><li> 30 분 1mm 3, 50 ML 팔콘로 전송의 조각 연골을 잘라 10 ML 트립신-EDTA (에틸렌 다이아 민 테트라 초산) (0.25 %), 10 ML PBS로 30 분 동안 통에 그들을 소화 </li><li> 30 분 후, 완전 배지를 추가하여 트립신을 중지합니다. 그런 다음, 혈청 배지에서 콜라게나 (0.21 U / MG) (DMEM +는 1 % 펜 / Strep의) 12 시간 동안 서로에 대한 연골 조각을 흔들어. </li><li> RT에서 3 분 170 XG에서 용액을 원심 분리기. </li><li> 5 ML 완전 배지에서 세포 펠렛을 resuspend을. </li><li> 시드 5ml를 완전 배지와 37 가습 조직 문화 인큐베이터에 보관 ° C, 5 % CO 2에서 25cm 2 조직 문화 플라스크에에 고립 된 연골 세포를. </li><li> 80 %의 농도로 연골 세포를 성장. </li><li> 세포 F를 해제3 분 동안 0.05 % 트립신 - EDTA (에틸렌 다이아 민 테트라 초산)에 노출되기 전에 PBS 배에서 세척하여 롬 플라스 크입니다. 연골 세포가 분리되면, 10 μL 완전 배지의 첨가에 의해 트립신을 중지합니다. </li><li> 완전 배지에서 300 XG (3 분)와 펠렛을 Resuspend에 현탁액을 원심 분리기. </li><li> 조직 배양 플라스크 (75cm 2)와 1:3 비율 (~ 5,000 세포 / cm 2) 매 5 번째 날 또는 confluency에 80 %에 따라 분할의 씨앗 세포. </li><li> 판 블루로 염색하여 세포 수와 생존을 결정합니다. </li></ol> 매트릭스의 C. 세포 시딩 <ol><li> 위에서 설명한대로 주입 세척 및 해제 세포에 이전. 세포 수를 수행하고 1.5 ML의 microcentrifuge 관에 5 × 10 4 세포를 전송합니다. 다음 RT에서 5 분 500 XG에 원심 분리기. </li><li> 매트릭스의 완전한 채도 15 μL 완전한 매체를 Resuspend 펠릿. </li><li> 멸균 생검에 의해 활차 결함의 정확한 치수로 이중층 콜라겐 발판을 잘라펀치. </li><li> 적절한 크기의 조직 배양 접시 (예를 들어, 24 - 웰 플레이트)에 자리 행렬. </li><li> 매트릭스의 다공성, 세포 접착면 위에 씨앗 세포. 이 행렬에서 멀리 세포의 이동 방지 할 수 있습니다. </li><li> 연골 세포의 전체 준수 할 수 있도록 1 시간 동안 인큐베이터에서 더 세포 배양액없이 세포 시드 행렬을 남겨주세요. </li><li> 신선한 완전 배지로 배양 용기 (예 : 24 - 웰 플레이트)에 다음 장소 셀 매트릭스 구조. 강한 부착이 예상되는 경우에도 매트릭스 떨어져있는 세포를 씻어 않도록주의하십시오. </li><li> 이제 셀 매트릭스 구조는 재 이식에 대한 수술 방으로 이동 할 수 있습니다. </li></ol> D. 매트릭스를 이용한자가 연골 세포 이식 <ol><li> (A. 1-8) 위에서 설명한대로 반대쪽 무릎에 parapatellar arthrotomy을 수행합니다. </li><li> 무균 공기 operatin와 활차 홈에 두 개의 고립 된 chondral 결함을 생성G 파워 드릴 (직경 3.6 mm). </li><li> 결함을 청소하고 멸균 식염수로 씻어. </li><li> 주의 언제든지 골수 구멍을 열 수 없습니다 지불해야한다. 필요한 경우, 출혈에 대한 전기 소작과 결함의 바닥을 밀봉하십시오. </li><li> 다공성 옆 얼굴 아래 (그림 2)와 함께 배양 된 연골 세포와 시드 행렬을 이식. 그런 다음 드릴 구멍에 압입과 주변의 표면을 세척하십시오. </li><li> 안전한 고정을 보장하기 위해 피브린 접착제 (Tissucol 듀오 S)의 작은 비트 이식 행렬을 밀봉하십시오. </li><li> 응고 후, 활차 홈에서 슬개골의 위치를​​ 변경하고 무릎 관절 몇 번 운동의 전체 범위를 적용합니다. </li><li> 옆으로 다시 한번 슬개골을 치환하고 불안정한 고정의 이벤트 나 기호를 확인합니다. 행렬은 아직도 그 자리에 유지해야합니다. </li><li> 다시 슬개골을 교체하고 위에서 설명한대로 드레싱 레이어와 스프레이 상처 폐쇄 작업을 마무리합니다. </li></ol>

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저자는 공개 아무것도 없어.

제시된 프로토콜은 토끼 무릎 인위적으로 생성 된 연골 결손에 후속 증식과 재 이식을위한자가 연골 세포를 분리하는 9,12,13를 설립하고 쉽게 재현 기술을 제공합니다. 관절 연골 병변의 개조 및 수리를위한자가 연골 세포의 사용은 임상 적 사용이 만족 장기적인 결과는 6을 제공하는 이미 있습니다. 골막 비후 및 석회화 예를 들어 같은 주요 문제, 이식은 박?...

<table border="1">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Name of reagent/equipment</td>
			<td>Company</td>
			<td>Catalogue Number</td>
			<td>Comments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DMEM</td>
			<td>Biochrom AG</td>
			<td>F 0415</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Collagenase A</td>
			<td>Roche</td>
			<td>10 103 586 001</td>
			<td>0.21 U/mg</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fetal calf serum (FCS)</td>
			<td>PAN Biotech GmbH</td>
			<td>3702-P103009</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Propofol</td>
			<td>Fresenius Kabi</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Penicillin/Streptomycin</td>
			<td>Biochrom AG</td>
			<td>A 2213</td>
			<td>10,000 U/ml/10,000 &mu;g/ml</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PBS Dulbecco (1X)</td>
			<td>Biochrom AG</td>
			<td>L1815</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ethanol (70%)</td>
			<td>Merck KgaA</td>
			<td>410230</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Trypsin-EDTA 0.25 %/0.02 %</td>
			<td>Biochrom AG</td>
			<td>L2163</td>
			<td>in PBS w/o Ca2+, Mg2+</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fentanyl</td>
			<td>Delta Select GmBH</td>
			<td>1819340</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NaCl solution (0.9%)</td>
			<td>Bbraun</td>
			<td>8333A193</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tissue culture dishes 100 mm/150 mm</td>
			<td>TPP AG</td>
			<td>93100/93150</td>
			<td>Growth area 60.1 mm2/147.8 mm2</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tissue culture flasks 25/75 mm2</td>
			<td>TPP AG</td>
			<td>90025/90075</td>
			<td>25 mm2, 75 mm2</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Centrifuge Tubes (50 ml)</td>
			<td>TPP AG</td>
			<td>91050</td>
			<td>Gamma-sterilized</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hemocytometer</td>
			<td>Brand GmbH+Co KG</td>
			<td>717810</td>
			<td>Neubauer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Trypan Blue Solution 0.4%</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>L8154</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Spray dressing (OpSite)</td>
			<td>Smith&amp;Nephew</td>
			<td>66004978</td>
			<td>Permeable for water vapor</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Chondro-Gide&Ograve;</td>
			<td>Geistlich Pharma AG</td>
			<td>30915.5</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Biopsy Punch</td>
			<td>pfm medical ag</td>
			<td>48351</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tissucol Duo S</td>
			<td>Baxter</td>
			<td>3419627</td>
			<td>0.5 ml</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

matrix-assisted autologous chondrocyte transplantation for remodeling and repair of chondral defects in a rabbit model

관절 연골 자체 재생 1 제한된 용량을 가지고 있기 때문에 관절 연골의 결함이 주요 건강 문제로 간주됩니다. 치료 연골 병변이 지속적으로 통증을 초래할 부정적인 삶의 질에 영향을 미치는 관절염에 대한 걸리기. 지난 수십 년 동안 여러 가지 수술 기법은 이러한 병변을 치료하기 위해 개발되었습니다. 그러나, 지금까지이 유리 모양의 연골과 결함을 취재하거나 만족 장기적인 복구 2-4을 제공하는 측면에서 전체 복구를 달성 할 수 없었습니다. 따라서 관절 연골의 부상은 조직 공학 등의 재생 기술에 대한 주요 대상 남아 있습니다. 흔히 섬유 또는 섬유 연골 조직의 형성으로 이어질 다른 수술 기법과는 달리 조직 공학은 완전히 이식 세포의 연골 잠재력을 사용하여 원래의 관절 연골의 복잡한 구조와 특성을 복원 목표로하고있다. Recent 발전은 재생 연골 치료를위한 유망한 가능성을 열었다. 전층 연골이나 골 연골 병변의 치료를위한 첫 번째 셀 기반의 접근 방식은 임상자가 연골 세포 이식 (ACI) 5 개척 라스 피터슨과 매트 Brittberg에 의해 1994 년에 수행되었다. 오늘날, 기술은 임상 적으로도 10~20년 주입 6 후에 좋은 임상 결과를 유지 무릎의 대형 유리 모양의 연골 결손의 치료에 잘 설정됩니다. 최근에는자가 연골 세포의 주입은 빠른 진행을 받았다. 세포가 연속적으로 심어되어있는 인공 입체 콜라겐 매트릭스의 사용은 점점 더 인기를 7-9되었다. MACT 두 수술의 구성 : 연골 세포를 수집하기 위해, 첫째, 연골 조직 검사는 t의 비 체중 부하 연골 영역에서 수행해야그는 무릎 관절입니다. 그런 다음, 연골 세포 추출 정제 및 체외에서 충분한 세포 수로 확장되고있다. 연골 세포는 다음의 3 차원 매트릭스에 분주하고 이후에 다시 이식 할 수 있습니다. 조직 공학 이식을 준비 할 때, 확산 속도와 분화 능력은 성공적인 조직 재생 10 중요합니다. 전지 캐리어와 같은 3 차원 매트릭스의 사용은 이러한 세포의 특성 11을 지원하는 것으로 생각됩니다. 다음과 같은 프로토콜을 요약하고 연골 조직 검사에서 연골 세포의 분리에 대한 기술, 3D 매트릭스 (콘드-지드, Geistlich 생체 적합 물질, Wollhusen, 스위스) 위에 생체과 파종에서의 확산을 보여줍니다. 마지막으로, 토끼의 무릎 관절의 인위적으로 만든 chondral 결함에 셀 매트릭스 구조의 주입을 설​​명한다. 이 기술은 실험 설정으로 사용할 수 있습니다연골의 추가 실험.

설명 수술 기술은 인공 chondral 결함으로자가 연골 세포를 성공적으로 분리 및 주입을 허용합니다. 실험 장치는 주변 연골에 임플란트의 성공적인 통합 결과. 생체의 12 주 후에, chondral 결함 임플란트 (그림 4)에 전단 응력 손상을 감소 균질하고 그대로 표면에 수리 조직에 의해 채워졌다. 또한, 임플란트의 더 비대 또는 석회화는 보이지 않았다. 수리 조직은...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Matrix-assisted Autologous Chondrocyte Transplantation for Remodeling and Repair of Chondral Defects in a Rabbit Model at JoVE.com

Matrix-assisted Autologous Chondrocyte Transplantation for Remodeling and Repair of Chondral Defects in a Rabbit Model

토끼의 무릎 관절 chondral 결함의 치료를위한 실험 기법을 설명합니다. 매트릭스 시드자가 연골 세포의 이식은 만족 장기적인 결과를 제공 관절 연골 병변의 개조 및 수리를위한 잘 받아 들여진 방법입니다. 매트릭스를 이용한자가 연골 세포 이식 (MACT)는 표준화 된 임상 설립 주입 방법을 제공합니다.

토끼 모델에서 Chondral 결함의 리모델링 및 수리를위한 매트릭스를 이용한자가 연골 세포 이식

Articular cartilage defects are considered a major health problem because articular cartilage has a limited capacity for self-regeneration 1. Untreated ...

matrix-assisted-autologous-chondrocyte-transplantation-for-remodeling

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

14.3K 조회수.  Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München. 토끼의 무릎 관절 chondral 결함의 치료를위한 실험 기법을 설명합니다. 매트릭스 시드자가 연골 세포의 이식은 만족 장기적인 결과를 제공 관절 연골 병변의 개조 및 수리를위한 잘 받아 들여진 방법입니다. 매트릭스를 이용한자가 연골 세포 이식 (MACT)는 표준화 된 임상 설립 주입 방법을 제공합니다.

비디오: Matrix-assisted Autologous Chondrocyte Transplantation for Remodeling and Repair of Chondral Defects in a Rabbit Model

A Mouse Model of in Utero Transplantation

The transplantation of stem cells and viruses in utero has tremendous potential for treating congenital disorders in the human fetus. For example, in utero transplantation (IUT) of hematopoietic stem cells has been used to successfully treat patients with severe combined immunodeficiency.1,2 In several other conditions, however, IUT has been attempted without success.3 Given these mixed results, the availability of an efficient non-human model to study the biological sequelae of stem cell transplantation and gene therapy is critical to advance this field. We and others have used the mouse model of IUT to study factors affecting successful engraftment of in utero transplanted hematopoietic stem cells in both wild-type mice4-7 and those with genetic diseases.8,9 The fetal environment also offers considerable advantages for the success of in utero gene therapy. For example, the delivery of adenoviral10, adeno-associated viral10, retroviral11, and lentiviral vectors12,13 into the fetus has resulted in the transduction of multiple organs distant from the site of injection with long-term gene expression. in utero gene therapy may therefore be considered as a possible treatment strategy for single gene disorders such as muscular dystrophy or cystic fibrosis. Another potential advantage of IUT is the ability to induce immune tolerance to a specific antigen. As seen in mice with hemophilia, the introduction of Factor IX early in development results in tolerance to this protein.14 
In addition to its use in investigating potential human therapies, the mouse model of IUT can be a powerful tool to study basic questions in developmental and stem cell biology. For example, one can deliver various small molecules to induce or inhibit specific gene expression at defined gestational stages and manipulate developmental pathways. The impact of these alterations can be assessed at various timepoints after the initial transplantation. Furthermore, one can transplant pluripotent or lineage specific progenitor cells into the fetal environment to study stem cell differentiation in a non-irradiated and unperturbed host environment.
The mouse model of IUT has already provided numerous insights within the fields of immunology, and developmental and stem cell biology. In this video-based protocol, we describe a step-by-step approach to performing IUT in mouse fetuses and outline the critical steps and potential pitfalls of this technique.

A Mouse Model of in Utero Transplantation

The mouse model of in utero transplantation is a versatile tool that can be used to study the potential clinical applications of stem cell transplantation and gene therapy in the fetus. In this protocol, we present a general approach to performing this technique

의 마우스 모델 Utero에 이식

The transplantation of stem cells and viruses in utero has tremendous potential for treating congenital disorders in the human fetus.  For example, in ...

연구

의학

Development of Obliterative Bronchiolitis in a Murine Model of Orthotopic Lung Transplantation

Orthotopic lung transplantation in rats was first reported by Asimacopoulos and colleagues in 1971 1. Currently, this method is well accepted and standardized not only for the study of allo-rejection but also between syngeneic strains for examining mechanisms of ischemia-reperfusion injury after lung transplantation. Although the application of the rat and other large animal model 2 contributed significantly to the elucidation of these studies, the scope of those investigations is limited by the scarcity of knockout and transgenic rats. Due to no effective therapies for obliterative bronchiolitis, the leading cause of death in lung transplant patients, there has been an intensive search for pre-clinical models that replicate obliterative bronchiolitis. The tracheal allograft model is the most widely used and may reproduce some of the histopathologic features of obliterative bronchiolitis 3. However, the lack of an intact vasculature with no connection to the recipient's conducting airways, and incomplete pathologic features of obliterative bronchiolitis limit the utility of this model 4. Unlike transplantation of other solid organs, vascularized mouse lung transplants have only recently been reported by Okazaki and colleagues for the first time in 2007 5. Applying the basic principles of the rat lung transplant, our lab initiated the obliterative bronchiolitis model using minor histoincompatible antigen murine orthotopic single-left lung transplants which allows the further study of obliterative bronchiolitis immunopathogenesis6.

Obliterative bronchiolitis is the key impediment to the long-term survival of lung transplant recipients and the lack of a robust preclinical model precludes examining obliterative bronchiolitis immunopathogenesis. Unlike other solid organ transplants, vascularized mouse lung transplantation has only recently been developed. Here we show our independently developed obliterative bronchiolitis model after murine orthotopic single-lung transplantation.

Orthotopic 폐 이식의 Murine 모델에 Obliterative Bronchiolitis의 개발

Orthotopic lung transplantation in rats was first reported by Asimacopoulos and colleagues in 1971 1. Currently, this method is well accepted and ...

A Mouse Fetal Skin Model of Scarless Wound Repair

Early in utero, but not in postnatal life, cutaneous wounds undergo regeneration and heal without formation of a scar. Scarless fetal wound healing occurs across species but is age dependent. The transition from a scarless to scarring phenotype occurs in the third trimester of pregnancy in humans and around embryonic day 18 (E18) in mice. However, this varies with the size of the wound with larger defects generating a scar at an earlier gestational age. The emergence of lineage tracing and other genetic tools in the mouse has opened promising new avenues for investigation of fetal scarless wound healing. However, given the inherently high rates of morbidity and premature uterine contraction associated with fetal surgery, investigations of fetal scarless wound healing in vivo require a precise and reproducible surgical model. Here we detail a reliable model of fetal scarless wound healing in the dorsum of E16.5 (scarless) and E18.5 (scarring) mouse embryos.

During mammalian development, early gestational skin wounds heal without a scar. Here we detail a reliable and reproducible model of fetal scarless wound healing in the cutaneous dorsum of E16.5 (scarless) and E18.5 (scarring) mouse embryos.

흉터 상처 수리의 마우스 태아의 피부 모델

Early in utero, but not in postnatal life, cutaneous wounds undergo regeneration and heal without formation of a scar. Scarless fetal wound healing occurs ...

A Rat Carotid Balloon Injury Model to Test Anti-vascular Remodeling Therapeutics

The rat carotid balloon injury is a well-established surgical model that has been used to study arterial remodeling and vascular cell proliferation. It is also a valuable model system to test, and to evaluate therapeutics and drugs that negate maladaptive remodeling in the vessel. The injury, or barotrauma, in the vessel lumen caused by an inflated balloon via an inserted catheter induces subsequent neointimal growth, often leading to hyperplasia or thickening of the vessel wall that narrows, or obstructs the lumen. The method described here is sufficiently sensitive, and the results can be obtained in relatively short time (2 weeks after the surgery). The efficacy of the drug or therapeutic against the induced-remodeling can be evaluated either by the post-mortem pathological and histomorphological analysis, or by ultrasound sonography in live animals. In addition, this model system has also been used to determine the therapeutic window or the time course of the administered drug. These studies can leadto the development of a better administrative strategy and a better therapeutic outcome. The procedure described here provides a tool for translational studies that bring drug and therapeutic candidates from bench research to clinical applications.

The rat carotid balloon injury model described below allows researchers to evaluate drugs or therapeutics that negate injury-induced arterial hyperplasia. Detailed pre-surgical preparation, surgical procedure, and post-surgical cares of the animal are described.

생쥐 경동맥 풍선 손상 모델은 반대로 혈관 리모델링의 치료를 테스트하는

The rat carotid balloon injury is a well-established surgical model that has been used to study arterial remodeling and vascular cell proliferation. It is ...

Lentiviral Vector-mediated Gene Therapy of Hepatocytes Ex Vivo for Autologous Transplantation in Swine

Gene therapy is an ideal choice to cure many inborn errors of metabolism of the liver. Ex-vivo, lentiviral vectors have been used successfully in the treatment of many hematopoietic diseases in humans, as their use offers stable transgene expression due to the vector&#39;s ability to integrate into the host genome. This method demonstrates the application of ex vivo gene therapy of hepatocytes to a large animal model of hereditary tyrosinemia type I. This process consists of 1) isolation of primary hepatocytes from the autologous donor/recipient animal, 2) ex vivo gene delivery via hepatocyte transduction with a lentiviral vector, and 3) autologous transplant of corrected hepatocytes via portal vein injection. Success of the method generally relies upon efficient and sterile removal of the liver resection, careful handling of the excised specimen for isolation of viable hepatocytes sufficient for re-engrafting, high-percentage transduction of the isolated cells, and aseptic surgical procedures throughout to prevent infection. Technical failure at any of these steps will result in low yield of viable transduced hepatocytes for autologous transplant or infection of the donor/recipient animal. The pig model of human type 1 hereditary tyrosinemia (HT-1) chosen for this approach is uniquely amenable to such a method, as even a small percentage of engraftment of corrected cells will lead to repopulation of the liver with healthy cells based on a powerful selective advantage over native-diseased hepatocytes. Although this growth selection will not be true for all indications, this approach is a foundation for expansion into other indications and allows for manipulation of this environment to address additional diseases, both within the liver and beyond, while controlling for exposure to viral vector and opportunity for off-target toxicity and tumorigenicity.

Lentiviral Vector-mediated Gene Therapy of Hepatocytes Ex Vivo for Autologous Transplantation in Swine

This protocol is intended to describe porcine hepatocyte isolation and ex vivo gene delivery to cure models of metabolic diseases via autologous cell transplantation. Although this particular model enjoys unique advantages that favor successful therapy, the application is a relevant foundation to address additional diseases and indications.

돼지에서 자가 이식 Hepatocytes 전 비보 의 lentiviral 벡터 중재 된 유전자 치료

Gene therapy is an ideal choice to cure many inborn errors of metabolism of the liver. Ex-vivo, lentiviral vectors have been used successfully in the ...

Transthoracic Echocardiographic Examination in the Rabbit Model

Large animal models such as the rabbit are valuable for translational preclinical research. Rabbits have a similar cardiac electrophysiology compared to that of humans and that of other large animal models such as dogs and pigs. However, the rabbit model has the additional advantage of lower maintenance costs compared to other large animal models. The longitudinal evaluation of cardiac function using echocardiography, when appropriately implemented, is a useful methodology for preclinical assessment of novel therapies for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (e.g. cardiac regeneration). The correct use of this non-invasive tool requires the implementation of a standardized examination protocol following international guidelines. Here we describe, step by step, a detailed protocol supervised by veterinary cardiologists for performing echocardiography in the rabbit model, and demonstrate how to correctly obtain the different echocardiographic views and imaging planes, as well as the different imaging modes available in a clinical echocardiography system routinely used in human and veterinary patients.

Here we describe, step by step, a detailed protocol for performing echocardiography in the rabbit model. We show how to correctly obtain the different echocardiographic views and imaging planes, as well as the different imaging modes available in a clinical echocardiography system routinely used in human and veterinary patients.

토끼 모델의 흉부 심초음파 검사

Large animal models such as the rabbit are valuable for translational preclinical research. Rabbits have a similar cardiac electrophysiology compared to ...

Retinal Pigment Epithelium Transplantation in a Non-human Primate Model for Degenerative Retinal Diseases

Retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) transplantation holds great promise for the treatment of inherited and acquired retinal degenerative diseases. These conditions include retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and advanced forms of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), such as geographic atrophy (GA). Together, these disorders represent a significant proportion of currently untreatable blindness globally. These unmet medical needs have generated heightened academic interest in developing methods of RPE replacement. Among the animal models commonly utilized for preclinical testing of therapeutics, the non-human primate (NHP) is the only animal model that has a macula. As it shares this anatomical similarity with the human eye, the NHP eye is an important and appropriate preclinical animal model for the development of advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs) such as RPE cell therapy.
This manuscript describes a method for the submacular transplantation of an RPE monolayer, cultured on a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) cell carrier, underneath the macula onto a surgically created RPE wound in immunosuppressed NHPs. The fovea-the central avascular portion of the macula-is the site of the greatest mechanical weakness during the transplantation. Foveal trauma will occur if the initial subretinal fluid injection generates an excessive force on the retina. Hence, slow injection under perfluorocarbon liquid (PFCL) vitreous tamponade is recommended with a dual-bore subretinal injection cannula at low intraocular pressure (IOP) settings to create a retinal bleb. 
Pretreatment with an intravitreal plasminogen injection to release parafoveal RPE-photoreceptor adhesions is also advised. These combined strategies can reduce the likelihood of foveal tears when compared to conventional techniques. The NHP is a key animal model in the preclinical phase of RPE cell therapy development. This protocol addresses the technical challenges associated with the delivery of RPE cellular therapy in the NHP eye.

The non-human primate (NHP) is an ideal model for studying human retinal cellular therapeutics due to the anatomical and genetic similarities. This manuscript describes a method for submacular transplantation of retinal pigment epithelial cells in the NHP eye and strategies to prevent intraoperative complications associated with macular manipulation.

퇴행성 망막 질병을 위한 비인간 영장류 모형에 있는 망막 안료 상피 이식

Retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) transplantation holds great promise for the treatment of inherited and acquired retinal degenerative diseases. These ...

A Simplified Model for Heterotopic Heart Valve Transplantation in Rodents

There is an urgent clinical need for heart valve replacements that can grow in children. Heart valve transplantation is proposed as a new type of transplant with the potential to deliver durable heart valves capable of somatic growth with no requirement for anticoagulation. However, the immunobiology of heart valve transplants remains unexplored, highlighting the need for animal models to study this new type of transplant. Previous rat models for heterotopic aortic valve transplantation into the abdominal aorta have been described, though they are technically challenging and costly. For addressing this challenge, a renal subcapsular transplant model was developed in rodents as a practical and more straightforward method for studying heart valve transplant immunobiology. In this model, a single aortic valve leaflet is harvested and inserted into the renal subcapsular space. The kidney is easily accessible, and the transplanted tissue is securely contained in a subcapsular space that is well vascularized and can accommodate a variety of tissue sizes. Furthermore, because a single rat can provide three donor aortic leaflets and a single kidney can provide multiple sites for transplanted tissue, fewer rats are required for a given study. Here, the transplantation technique is described, providing a significant step forward in studying the transplant immunology of heart valve transplantation.

This protocol describes a simple and efficient method for the transplantation of aortic valve leaflets under the renal capsule to allow for the study of alloreactivity of heart valves.

설치류의 이종 주제 심장 판막 이식을위한 단순화 된 모델

There is an urgent clinical need for heart valve replacements that can grow in children. Heart valve transplantation is proposed as a new type of ...

Left Lung Orthotopic Transplantation in a Juvenile Porcine Model for ESLP

Lung transplantation is the gold-standard treatment for end-stage lung disease, with over 4,600 lung transplantations performed worldwide annually. However, lung transplantation is limited by a shortage of available donor organs. As such, there is high waitlist mortality. Ex situ lung perfusion (ESLP) has increased donor lung utilization rates in some centers by 15%-20%. ESLP has been applied as a method to assess and recondition marginal donor lungs and has demonstrated acceptable short- and long-term outcomes following transplantation of extended criteria donor (ECD) lungs. Large animal (in vivo) transplantation models are required to validate ongoing in vitro research findings. Anatomic and physiologic differences between humans and pigs pose significant technical and anesthetic challenges. An easily reproducible transplant model would permit the&#160;in vivo&#160;validation of current ESLP strategies and the preclinical evaluation of various interventions designed to improve donor lung function. This protocol describes a porcine model of orthotopic left lung allotransplantation. This includes anesthetic and surgical techniques, a customized surgical checklist, troubleshooting, modifications, and the benefits and limitations of the approach.

This protocol describes a juvenile porcine model of orthotopic left lung allotransplantation designed for use with ESLP research. Focus is made on anesthetic and surgical techniques, as well as critical steps and troubleshooting.

ESLP를 위한 어린 돼지 모델에서의 좌측 폐 정형외과적 이식

Lung transplantation is the gold-standard treatment for end-stage lung disease, with over 4,600 lung transplantations performed worldwide annually. ...

Transcatheter Pulmonary Valve Replacement from Autologous Pericardium with a Self-Expandable Nitinol Stent in an Adult Sheep Model

Transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement has been established as a viable alternative approach for patients suffering from right ventricular outflow tract or bioprosthetic valve dysfunction, with excellent early and late clinical outcomes. However, clinical challenges such as stented heart valve deterioration, coronary occlusion, endocarditis, and other complications must be addressed for lifetime application, particularly in pediatric patients. To facilitate the development of a lifelong solution for patients, transcatheter autologous pulmonary valve replacement was performed in an adult sheep model. The autologous pericardium was harvested from the sheep via left anterolateral minithoracotomy under general anesthesia with ventilation. The pericardium was placed on a 3D shaping heart valve model for non-toxic cross-linking for 2 days and 21 h. Intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) and angiography were performed to assess the position, morphology, function, and dimensions of the native pulmonary valve (NPV). After trimming, the crosslinked pericardium was sewn onto a self-expandable Nitinol stent and crimped into a self-designed delivery system. The autologous pulmonary valve (APV) was implanted at the NPV position via left jugular vein catheterization. ICE and angiography were repeated to evaluate the position, morphology, function, and dimensions of the APV. An APV was successfully implanted in&#160;sheep J. In this paper, sheep J was selected to obtain representative results. A 30 mm APV with a Nitinol stent was accurately implanted at the NPV position without any significant hemodynamic change. There was no paravalvular leak, no new pulmonary valve insufficiency, or stented pulmonary valve migration. This study demonstrated the feasibility and safety, in a long-time follow-up, of developing an APV for implantation at the NPV position with a self-expandable Nitinol stent via jugular vein catheterization in an adult sheep model.

This study demonstrates the feasibility and safety of developing an autologous pulmonary valve for implantation at the native pulmonary valve position by using a self-expandable Nitinol stent in an adult sheep model. This is a step toward developing transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement for patients with right ventricular outflow tract dysfunction.

성인 양 모델에서 자체 확장 가능한 니티놀 스텐트로 자가 심낭에서 경피적 폐 판막 교체

Transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement has been established as a viable alternative approach for patients suffering from right ventricular outflow ...